Upload
apostolos-efthymiadis
View
34
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Ανάλυση εις βάθος και τεκμηρίωση των μεθόδων του προτύπου ΕΛΟΤ ΕΝ 15378 για την εκτίμηση του εποχιακού βαθμού αποδόσεως των λεβήτων.Detailed analysis and documentation of the methods presented in EN 15378 for the seasonal efficiency estimation of heating systemsApostolos Efthymiadis, Dipl. Mech. Elec. Eng. Dr, Eng. MIT (1983)
Citation preview
:
: 2013 - 2014
:
15378
20701-1
- :
. ., . /-/ .
..
, 2014
[2]
1 ............................................................................................................................. 3
2 ...................................... 3
2.1 ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 .................................................. 4
2.2.1 ............................................................................... 4
2.2.2 .......................................................... 4
2.2.3 -20701-1 ....................................................................................... 4
2.3 ....................................................... 5
2.4 (boiler cycling) ........................................................... 5
2.4.1 .............................................................................................. 5
2.4.2 .................................................................................................... 7
2.5 .......................................................................... 7
3 ................................................................................................... 9
3.1 ...................................................................................................... 9
3.1.1 ............................................................. 9
3.1.2 ............................................................................... 10
3.2 ........................ 11
3.2.1 ...................................................................................................... 11
3.2.2 ............................................................................................. 12
4 -1 ......................................... 13
4.1 ................................................................................................................... 13
4.2 ............................................................................................................... 14
[3]
1
15378
.
,
.
.
.
20701-1
- ( 4.1.2.1).
4.3
.
20701-4
, .
.
15378 ,
.
2
2.1
15378
()
. :
)
) (boiler cycling method)
)
92/42/
.
.
,
. )
.
,
%.
[4]
2.2
:
2.2.1
,
tgn :
Vf , ,
cn
cn
:
gncn
f
t
V
.
.
(5)
tgn
2.2.2
top
:
= top/tgn (6)
2.2.3 -20701-1
,
-1 4.1.2.1.
% .
.
15378.
: = 1/, = /,
.
[5]
2.3
30%,
.
.1 :
1 prEN 15378 :
30%
0,85 0,9 0,91 0,94 0,91 0,94 0,92 0,96
30% ,
.
.2 .
2 prEN 15378 :
0,80 0,85 0,87 0,92 0,87 0,92 0,89 0,94
2.4 (boiler cycling)
2.4.1
- (cycling)
,
.
:
,
.
.
[6]
.
,
( ).
:
1. cn
2. Pgn,env ,
3. (standby) Pch,off ,
,
4. %,
, 2 3
15316-4-1, 5.3.3.
.
gen :
envgnoffchcngen PP ,,1
11
(1)
(1):
:
:
:
:
:
: = /,
( ) : A = (1- gm)
( ) : E = ( ) Pch,off
() : T = Pgn,env
[7]
:
= A E T = Ko (1-cn) (1-) Pch,off Pgn,env (2)
/ = {1 (1-cn)} (1) Pch,off Pgn,env
/ () = cn (1) Pch,off Pgn,env
gen = / = cn (1/1) Pch,off Pgn,env /
2.4.2
2 , .
.
.
.
(10)
.
ngn 83%
Pgn,env 3%
Pch,off 1% 100% 75% 50% 30% 20% 15% 1
100 75 50 30 20 15 2 100.(1)
S 17 12,75 8,5 5,1 3,4 2,55 3 (2) (1-gn)
S% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 4 (3)/(1)
0 0,25 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,85 5 {100 (1)} Pch,of (6) / (1) % 0% 0,3% 1% 2% 4% 6% 6
3 3 3 3 3 3 7 100. Pgn,env
% 3% 4% 6% 10% 15% 20% 8 (7) / (1)
80 59 38 21,2 12,8 8,6 9 (2) -(3) -(5) -(6)
gm 80% 79% 76% 71% 64% 57% 10 (9) /(2)
2.5
,
, .
t
t .
: = t / t. , :
[8]
1. cn
2. Pgn,env, .
3. %
4. gen :
o
o
envgncngenP
P
P
100
%100
.,
(3)
(3)
:
to :
t :
t :
:
: ()
:
t = (to - t),
= (t + t) / to = t/to + t / to = t/to + (t / t) t /to = t/to + t /to
= t/to + (to - t) /to = t/to + (1 - t/to) = t/to (1- ) +
t/to = ( Po) / (1- ) (4)
gen,o = / = (cn Pgn,evn),
= .t,
= .( t+ t),
gen = / = / {t / ( t+ t)} = (cn Pgn,evn) {t/( t+ t)}
= (cn Pgn,evn) (t/ to) (to /( t+ t) = (cn Pgn,evn) (t/ to) (1/)
4 :
gen = (cn Pgn,evn) {( Po)/} / (1- ) = (cn Pgn,evn) {(1-/)/(1-)}
[9]
3
3.1
15378
:
.
3.1.1
Pgn,evn(%)
:
) ,
:
2
8
) i :
Ai
i
) I,
i .3.
.3 i
(C) 30 80 150
i (W/m2.K) 9 12 15
)
:
i
iiienvgn aA ).(. int, (7)
int .
)
:
cn
envgn
envgnP
,
,
100 (8)
70C.
20C, :
[10]
int,,
,,,
50.
wgn
envgnenvgn PP (9)
:
A .
m m m2 C C K m2
0,95 0,60 0,57 35 11 24 13,68
0,95 0,60 0,57 32 11 21 11,97
0,95 0,77 0,73 29 11 18 13,14
0,95 0,77 0,73 29 11 18 13,14
0,00
0,00
(A . ) 51,93
i=10W/(m2) :
cn
i
iii
envgn
aA
P
).(. int
,
%2,2000.24
.10).(93,512
2
W
m
WKm
(10)
3.1.2
:
Pgn,env = A B Logcn [%] (11)
,
.4 , cn
kW
E4 A B
Pgn,env
A B
,
1,72 0,44
3,45 0,88
6,90 1,76
, 8,36 2,2
10,35 2,64
[11]
3.2
3.2.1
15378
VDZ : FORUM fr Energieeffizienz in der Gebudetechnik e.V.
,
1%.
:
d m
AV m
v (30 s) m/s
1,2 kg/m 20C
cp 0,279 Wh/kg K
30s C
C
C
,
C
Q` kW
, 30s .
Pitot
().
(p) (po = p + v2)
: v = {2(po p)/}
[12]
. :
,
,273
273.
).(.sec).30(.
cn
aa
envgn
cpvAP (12)
:
%7,415273
5273.
25000
)11120(.279,0.2,1.5,0.018,03
2
,
W
KWhm
kg
s
mm
P envgn
3.2.2
15378
Pch,off .5.
Pch,off [%]
0,2
0,4
< 10 m
> 10 m
1,0
1,2
< 10 m
> 10 m
1,2
1,6
: prEN 15316 2.2.1
[13]
4 -1
4.1
4.3
-1
( 1), 1.
gm .
1
gm = 83% 1. ,
Pgn,env.
1% 5%.
1
1%.
(1-ng1) 4.3 -1 4
4.4 : (1- ng1.ng2).
1 : gm gm = 83% Pch,off = 1%
[14]
-1
15378,
( )
( ).
,
-1.
100% ,
=50%, 1.
4.2
) -1
. -1
) 1 4.3 -1
,
..
)
, .
-1
.. , .
)
,
,
, .