: : " : :
1. Evaporating crystallizers 42. Solar evaporation .....53.
Steam heated evaporation74. Forced circulation evaporators ...85.
Oslo Krystal evaporating crystallizer ..96. Wetted wall
crystallizer ...................117. ...12 1. Solar pond use for
evaporation5
2. Steam heated evaporator..7
3. Forced Circulation Evaporators..8
4. Oslo-Krystal evaporating:(a) waisted,(b,c) monolithic..9
5. Oslo Krystal
evaporator9..................................................... 6.
Wetted wall evaporative crystallizer...............10Evaporating
crystallizers . .
: . . . -. : , , . : . Evaporating crystallizers :
Solar evaporation
Steam heated evaporators
Forced circulation evaporators Oslo-Krystal evaporating
Wetted-wall evaporative crystallizer Solar evaporation , . .
1 :Solar pond use for evaporation ) 5 ) :
.
.
"" , ,, .
. , . 1966 Bonython , , . Jones 1981 .
Na2CO3*10H2O(Manguo and Schwartz,1985) KCl (Klein,1987) Butts
(1993)
Lukes(1993). .
: .
: .
Steam heated evaporation , . ( ). magma .
.
2:Steam heated evaporator (1 ):
:
Forced circulation evaporators
, , () . , .
, , ( Demister - ).
,
, . ( NaCl ,Na2SO4 FeSO4).
(0.5 mm).
.
(4 ) Forced Circulation Evaporators 3::
A- 1- B- 2- ( )C- ( ) 3- D- () 4- E- ( ): :
Oslo Krystal evaporating , (waisted) , (metastable) , (A,B)
.
1.5-2 m/s .
().
2-3 mm
- < 0.5 mm Forced Circulation Evaporators.
4: b and c) monolithic ) Oslo Krystal evaporating :(a) waisted
,(1)
5: Oslo Krystal evaporator (2 ) : () .
( ).
.
:Na2SO4 , (NH4)2SO4 , AgNO3 .: .
/ .
:
, .Wetted wall evaporative crystallizer , , 30 m/s .
.
.
6:Wetted wall evaporative crystallizer (1 ): ( NaCl 100 cm )
:
1. J.W.Mullin, crystallization, Fourth edition Boston 2001.2.
http://www.niroinc.com/html/evaporator/Oslo_type_crystallizer.html.
3.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization_(engineering_aspects)#History.
4.
http://www.niroinc.com/html/evaporator/forced_circulation_evaporator.html.
5. http://www.solarpond.utep.edu/index.htm.
PAGE 12
