.., ..

1980

621.039.51.15

. ., . . . .: , 1980 88 .

, . . , . .

1955 . .

, , , .

. 2. . 4. 88 .

, 16.

80-80.2304000000 , 1980

. . . . 3 1. . . 10

1.1. 10 1.2. :

. 11 1.3. 16 1.4. . . . . 21 1.5. 27 1.6. ,

- - 31

1.7. . 44

2. 46

2.1. 46

2.2. 51

2.3. 56

2.4. 63

2.5. , . . 70

3. 74

3.1. 74 3.2.

. 75 3.3. . . 80

84

202

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

03.05.79. 26.11.79. -20441. 60X90716. . 1. . . . . . 5,5. .-. . 6,17.

1000 . . . 74191. . . 359. 95 . 103031 -31, . , 5.

5 , . 109088 -88,

., 24.

, , , . , , . , , . , . . .

.

- , . , . , , . , -, , , , .

- , , .

, . , , . , , .

, , . .

, . 1, , . . ( ) .

. .

, , , , , . .

, , . , . .

, , . 2, -, , . . , , , -, , 4

* .

, . , . . , . .

.

, . . .

, * , , , , . , , , , .

. 1955 . . 1961 . [1] (), . . -

, . . , , , . -, 1962 . , [2], [4].

1964 . () . , -, [2] . [3], . .

, . , [1]. , (. . [5]), , , (. . , . . [6]) *. .

, . , . . [8] 1955 . . . , , . . , , . . , , , . . . 1946 . [9] . [8] (-

* [6] [7]. .

6

, , ) , ( , ), , .

. . [10], . . . . [11]. , [11]. [] , - - [5, 6] . .

. . [12] [13]. , , [14], [15] . -, 1975 . [16, 17, 18].

, , , . . . , , , . . . . . . . . [19]*. . . [19].

. [1] , -, , [20, 21], . ,

* , .

7

- . , [1] .

. . , . . . . [2224] , , , v0252Cf 235U, . . [24] , .

. . [2527]. , : , . . . . . 3. : , [2, 3] , : -, , . [2833]; -, , . [3436]; , , , . [3740]; - [4143]; [44]; [4546] . [43].

, , . [19]. [47]. * , [32]. , [25], . -8

, . f48]. , . . [49, 50] . . [51]* [52, 53]. [52] , [5458], . . 2.

. . , . . , . . . . [5962], .

, . 3.

* [45].

1

1.1.

, , . , . , . . , .

, , , . , , , ; ; ; .

, . 2.

- . , , , , . . , . . , , . -, -

10

. .

, . 1 . .

1.2. :

; . . , , 2,53 . , . , - , . , , , . . ,

L J I 1 I ! ! I I I ' ' ' ' < I I I I I

181716 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-1 =1(2-106/)

. 1. : ; ; ; ;

11

, - .

. , . 1 . .

. 1 .

. . ( 200 ). . , . , .

, , 10 232Th 252Cf

% () dE = (2/!) VE ( /) dE9 (1.1)

v

= jEx(E)dE = 0,78 + 0,62 V l + v . (1.2) 6

:

= 3772. (1.3)

().

- 1959 [63]. , (1.1) , , . (/), , , ,

12

. , . , (1.2). v . , 232Th 252Cf.

(1.2) ^ v .

, . 1015%- (1.1) 0,30,7 , 1020 %: .

(1.1) (1.2) (1.1) :

() = (-/)$\12/, (1.4)

= ( EfIT){~]/nEfT)~x. E = Ef + 3T/2.

/ (1.4) (1.1). , , .

, , .

. 1 , (1.1), (1.2), (1.3) v = 2,6. 10 0,1% , 0,01 , 0,1 1 % .

. , . , , , . , , , , .

, . , -

13

, , . , , , . , .

, 10 , . . 1.

. , . , . , , (~0,1 ), , (~ 0,025 20), , . . , , =\0/, . ( 0 2 , 10 .) ' , In 0/ 10/'=\'/. '

= 1 7 - 1+ (~1)2 l n - ^ L , 2 +\

=71,009 (1,009 ). > 1 : 1//2+1/3 + + 1/18.

= 2 ( 0,5%). , 1 , gA. .

. 1, , , , 1 : 14

. , 1, . . . 18 . , 18 . 18/SA.

, , .

. ( ) . , - . , , *

() dE = 2 ()-3/2 ( E/kT) Elf*dE.

=300 , kT=0,025 . 1.

, - , , , , , , , . , , , .

. , , , . . , , . , , ,

15

. , .

1.3.

, , , .

. , ( | | = 1) , - . ^(, , ). , 1 1 2, . , F(r, , ) (, ) .

i 1 3 ( ) /* (, )

7 ' ,%? dEdQ. . oai(E) , . . Ni(r) 1 3

[ / i a ( r , ) ] - i = ^ ( r ) a a , ( ) . 1 3

4 i i

, .

, . , i ( ' , ') vt(E') , %i(E, \ ')

JXi(, \ nn')ddQ = 1.

, -16

, - :

[/,(, ' ) ] - ' = ^ [ / ( , ' ) ] - ' ;

v( ' . ) ^ vc(E') . S i

- ' ) hf(T, ') i

%(, ' , nn', r)v(', ) _ y i ( , ' , '),(') hir.E') Zj lifif.E')

.

. , /(, , ), . (, ) :

dF{r* ' ) + f ( l % ' n ) w (, \ nn', ) F (, \ n') dE'dQ! ds laifsir, ) J

- f {!\'*? v (E'> r) * (*. '> nn'> r) dE'dM - Q (r, E, n) = 0. (1.5) J v^ r ' ^ ) dF/ds

, . . , (, ), (1 3) 1 .

, (, ) 1 3 1 , , - ( ); , (, 2) , ( /); (f); (s). ,

l / / e i / .= 1 / ' + 1 / ' / + W i + !/'.- ,

(, ) ( ' , ') , (, 2) . ., w (, ' , nn', ) (/*) (18) s(E, ' , nn', ) f(, ' , nn', ):

/ / , v s(, ' , nn', ) . / ( , ' , n n ' , r ) w(E, ' , nn', ) = -1- + t / .

17

/ ( , \ nn', ) , a s ( , ' , nn', ) (, 2), , , .

, , w (, ' , nn', ) , ( ' , ') (, ), , '. .

.

, (, ). , ( ' , '), v( ' , ) , %(, ', nn', )., :

J x ( , E'f nn', r)dEdQ=l.

, v(E\ ) ( , ' , nn', ). .

Q(r, , ) , 1.4 1.5.

Q(r, , ) = 0. (1.6> . :

, ( , , ) . , ,

F(r rp, , ) = 0. (1.7)

:

F(r, , ) . (1.8)

. , . . (1.6), (1.5) (1.7) (1.8) 18

. :

0 /f n')dE'dQ' ds laifs J

r ( f / ^ ; ? v ( > r^E> E'> nn'' 'da' = 0. 0.10) * J / / ( , E')

, , -. & . , , . , & [8]. , (1.5) (1.10) [8].

, &, , . . . [64].

. , (1.5), . -, t : F(r, , n, t). -, () (, ) t 1 , , (1.5),

19

, (l/v)[dF(r, , n, t)fdt]f () . , , , 1 3, 1 . -, :

X ( E , E ' , n n ' , r ) v ( E ' , r ) F ( , / ) _

X p ( E , E ' , n n ' , r ) v , ( E ' t r ) { , , }

+ j S "11';) exp{-^(/-f)}/7(r- , "'f)dt''(ui) i

vp ; bi x j /- . V -1, / ' , t 1 4[%i(tt')] .

Xd :

^Xp(E,E\nn'yr)dEdQ=U -^fe(E)dE(Si = 1.

v( , ) ( , ' nn', ) :

(',) = (',) + 2 ' . ) ; ] i

%(, ' , nn', r ) v ( \ ) = (, ' . i', r K ( ' , ) +

+i!r^()6i(''r)-(1.12)

, vp, biy . %ld ( ) , -, . , (1.11) , , , (1.12).

20

,

J _ dF(r, , , /) _ dF(r, , , 0 F(r,E, , / ) . v dt ds laifs

+ \w{Ey E\ nn', r)F(r9 E\ n', f)dE'dQf +

+ f F ( r / % ? / ' 4 f o ,)Xp(^ *' . nn', r)dE' +

i -oo

x W r s ' . n ' ; { E')dE'da' + Q(r, E, n, /). (1.13) J M r ' )

1.5 .

(1.13) . . [64].

1.4.

* . , - , .

, (1.10). & .

, . . . N , , . , , - , , N. M(t-+oo, Ny , ). N, , .

* [8].

21

f+(r, , ) , , :

F+(r, , n) = AM(t -* , tf, , , n)/tf.

, .

, , . , , .

, , , . , , , .

, ( , ) ds, - .

, N , +(rs, ). rs+ds , , /(1ds/ /Inifsir, )) , , , F+(rs+ds, , ). Nds/Uifs ( ' , ') NdsW(E\ , nn', ) , W(E\ , nn', ) (, ) ( ' , ') . , 1.2, :

W(E'9 , nn', r) = w(E't , nn', ) + v ( r ' f i ) *f ; : " n ' ' r) . (1.14)

( ' , '), , F+(r8+edH, ' , ') ( 0 < ^ 1 ) . , W+(r,s, , ) , ,

NF+ (rs, E9n) = N(l- ^ + ( ,+ | , ) +

+ Nds$$W(E', , nn'r)F+(rs+edSy ', n')dE'd. (1.15) jV+(r8, , ) ,

Nds, ds (1.14), -

22

^ - 1 - I T 1 + J ; ( ' , , ', ) + (, ' , n') d'dQ' + 0 , 5 i>aifs (, )

+ "" ^ * ('> . '. ) + (. ' . "') dE'dQ'=0. (1.16) J * / ( , )

(1.10) ' W(Ey ' , ', ). . , (1.16) .

, F+(r, , ). , , , .

F+(rrv, , ) = 0. (1.17)

: F+ (, , ) (1-18)

0 < F + ( r , , )< . (1.18)

(1.16) (1.17), (1.18), (1.18) ( ) F+(r, , ).

. L L+,

(PL+(D+de J +LOdQ = 0 , (1.186) , +. , + . (1.5) (1.16) . ,

J (FdF+/ds + F+dF/ds) dV = J (/ds) (F+F) dV. ,

(F+F)dV=F+FndS. \ ds

23

, , .

(laifs)~]. .

(1.5) (1.16) , (, ' , nil', ), . (1.186) . . , (1.5) (1.16).

, , ,. (1.16) (1.17) (1.18) . . [641.

. , 1.3,

= F(r,E,n) 9 (1 9 ) J / . ( , )

i

, . . , . .

: ajuk , , . , ,. , . 1.5. . .

: , . 24

. , , (1.15) . , /" (, ) ds , , t-+oo. :

/ ? = ai(F + bF) at(F) 1 at(F) ^ [ ak(F + 6F) ak (F) J * ak (F)

1 [at(6F) ak(6F) i ak(6F) L at(F) ak(F) J'

*k(F)

N (, ) ds,

6F = Mfa8(r ' % ' ) (1.19) - , -. :

at (6F) = Nds/la.; ak (6F) = Nds/lak.

(1.20)

R = Nds

1 l+Nds^ L ~rat a"lak V*

, , , , ,

at(F) = $F(rt \ ')0% ', n')dE'd&dV.

ai(6F)=Ndsfi(r, ) (1.15)

Nds ft (, > n) fk(r, , ) 1 ft(, ? n) L 1 + Nds

ak (1.15), Nds ds , :

25

XF+ {/

0 = +(, , ) +(, , ) .

+ f ;(', , nn', r ) ^ + ( r , E W)dE'dQ' + l- X 6 lf(r,E)

X 1%(E\ , nn', r )v( , )*+(, ' , n')dE'dk'+tfilai-fjak). (1.21)

, (, , ) /^ . ,

bat 6F 6F

4- IF (, % ) /, (, f n) d&fEdK = /, (, , );

[bF \akJ4 ak [\ bF ) ak \ bF J a\ ak

_ 1 bat L ^ak = J i that 6E ak bF a ak

, . . . [64]. : , , . , .

, (1.5) Q(r, , ) , :

J Q (, , n ) f + ( r , 9 n)dEdQdV^0.

Q+(r, , )

j Q+ (, , n) F (, , n) dEdQdV = 0. F(r, , ) . (1.21), , -26

. , , . ( ) [5].

1.5. *

. (1.13) , .

(1.13) , , , L . / . , (1.16), F+(r, , ) t .

(1.13) F+(r, , , /) , (1.16) F(r, , , /) , . , , (1.13), (1.16), (1.7), (1.17). :

d V ?r+(r,E,n,t) eF(r,E,n,t) = J J v dt

_ 1 \ ( V f f+ft . . n, Of (r.E'.iT, t) / / ( , ')

X

X vP(r, ') (, , ' , nil') + j ^ - td () dQdEdQ'dE

^ . F + ( r , , n, t)F(r, ' , n ' , t) l'd () dE'dQ'dEdQ 2j) J lf(T, E')bt(t, E') 4

* [8], .

27

+ V! f dV f F+ (r, > ", 0 ^-^~ dEdQdE'dQ' f F

+ ] bdTAP ()] dQdEdQ'dE' = ., (1.24)

f^^-SH* (' ,+SPAb ('' )x L i i

X [ - Xt (t t')] dt' + q (t). (1.25)

dq>(t) T_^ [ /(/) 1 dt

.

= J j > j F + ( r , E , n ) F ( r , . n ) dQdE j ^ > ( 1 > 2 6 )

, , . , 1 , , , , .

X td{E)dQdEdQ'dE'~\ / .. (1.27)

1- , 1 , . i- .

= \dV]q(v, , n, Q F + ( r , , n) dEdQ , j 2&,

.

q(t), (1.28), . , (, , ) ( , ). (1.26) .

. (1)/, (1.25) , . / ^~1

29

. . , (&==1 (1.10) (1.16), (&=1) , .

_ 3F+(r S , n ) + F + ( r , E , n ) _ f ^ ^ ftn/^ ^ n)dE'dV-dS Wfs vKP(E, ) j E,9 E^ m , r)F, E,^ n)dE,dQf r___ 0# ( L 2 9 ) ,

(1.10) F+p (, , n), (1.29) F(r, , ), (1.10). , ( 1) /^ ,

X %(, \ nn', r)dEdQdE'di'. (1.30), (1.7) (1.17) , , .,

* ^. J J [ / f l l 7 s ( r , ) 1%(,) J

XF(r, , n)dEd+--ldVl[w{E, ', nn', r ) -.

wKp(E, E', nn', r)]F+(r, E, n)F(r, E', n)dEdQdE'dV + r) + _ i _ O f f v ( ' , r ) X ( . F , n n ' , r )

. J J [ 1/(T,E')

)XKP( . E'

lf(r,E') V P ( ' , O X K P ( , ^ ' , nn', r) 1 f + ^ > n ) F ( f , ^ n>) dEdQdE> ^ .

(1.31) , (1.30) (1.24)

(1.12) F + F+ F, . (1.31) 1 30

, .

. , , (1.25). , =1. , , -, (1.10) (1.16), &, . & , , . , , (1.31). , (1.31) , , . , , (1.31).

(1.25). . , (1.31). . . (1.31) F F+ . , , - : .

, , (1.26), (1.27) (1.31).

. .

1.6. , - -

-

.

31

. , , : 239, , ; . , ; , , ; , , , , .

. , , , .

= F(r,E,n) dEdQdV

J ' ) /., n) dEdQdy (*) J V r > )

, . , [1. (, )]~1 [lak (, ) ] - 1 .

, > / , ,

F(r,E, n ) - > F ( r , , n)

[la.(r, ) ] - ' ->[/;.(, ) ] - ' ; [lak(r, ) ] - ' - > [^( , ) ] - ' .

; - F 7 ; ' "> dEdQdV; , = *'? ' n) dEdQdV.

^/ 32

(L\ I = [? ?\ I ? = _2_ f t ^^L ^ = \ak J I ak ak ak J / ak a"k at \ a ah )

al~a'k \ . flfe f a'i " \

,

- i - \ dEdQdV + f F'Y+ (a/ w) dEdQdE'dQ'dV + latfs j J

+ f /?' Y+ / J J^ : p . \ dEdQdE'd&W. (**)

,

, 1

\/ ' ak a"k |J [ * \ , /a* J /-4 \ 1 ddQdF f F"+ ( \ dEdQdV +

+ F'T+ (a/ w) dEdQdE'd&'dV + f F' V+ (-^1

-22-WdQdE'dQWl (1.34)

(1.34) , . /" F'. &, >, , F F'. k , (1.34) , .

(1.32). (+) , (F+). (1.34) , , , . , 34

j > ' ^ + Waifs)"1 (laifsrl]dEdQdV + $F'F+(w'w)dEdQdE'dQ'dV + + J FF+ (v'x'/l'f v%/lf) dEdQdE'dQ'dV = 0. (1.35)

, & v-*V. (1.32) + .

, (1.34), F' , , , F\ ajak. , , , .

Fr F, . . F' F. :

X \*k)l ak ak {)F[ at { l'a. la% ) ak { l^ lak)\

X dEdQdV f FV+ ( \ dEdQdV + f FV+^w' w)dEX J \laifs laif*J J

X dQdE'dQ'dV + f + f-^- ^L\dEdQdE'dQ'dVX. (1.36)

- J FF+ [(laifs)"1 (laifsV1 ] dEdQdV + J FF+ (W w) dEdQ X X dE'dQ!dV + J FF+ (vY/// VJC//,) dEdQdE'dQ'dV = 0. (1.37)

(1.36) , (1.37). F\ (1.10), , ak/cik-

. , . ,

35

. , , , , .

(*), I k , - , , . , (1.32), . (1.32) , . , , , .

( (1.32) F\ (1.33) W+, , , ), , (**),

j (F'ff+/ds + +dF'/ds) dEdQdV = J (/ds) (FrxP+) dEdQdV = = J (n v ) ( F ' + ) dEdQdV = F' (rs) Y+ (rs) dEdQ (mfc).

, - , , , , , [(*^)"1 ( ^ ) " 1 ] [ F'ird) [ ( ^ ) - 1

-(aklak)-1] dEdQdV. , (**) ,

, (1.34) (1.36). , 4^+, .

- . ,36

-

bp[F, F+ ] bq[F, F+,Kq]

SF(r, , n)F+(r, ' , )(, , n, ' , n')db J F ( r , , n ) F + ( r , ' ' , n')Kq(t> E, n, " , n')db'

(1.38)

d@ = dEdQdE'dQ'dV. (1.38) (1.26), (kl)/k (1.31), - (1.27), , Kq:

= 8(-', n nyv;

Kq = v(r, ')(, , \ ')//,(, )\ pt-

= , (, ' ) {)1,\ Kq = vr/lp (k l)/k

= 6 ( ", ')

+ + vo6pXo6p

*. *>

if? = nJlfi

,=

* < , =

6 ( ' , ') /.1 laifs

6 ( ' , ') . 2 #&

+ .1

+ .2 +

0 /.1

-2.2 /. 2

/ - I

(1.39)

, : laifS -> latfs; w -* -> ;'; vx/// -> v'x'//f, . : F->F', F+-+F+'. , -> ^ , Kq -+ Kq :

bP[F, F+, Kp]/bq [F, F+, Kq] - bp[F, F+\ K.'P\lbq [F\ F+\ '].

/, . .

)/)- 6 p [ f , F + ' , * Q 6 p [F , F + , ] bq[F', F+i , ^ ] M f ' f + - *] ( * )

b, [F, F+\ K',\ = b',"\ b, [F, F+', K,] = b',; b, [F, F+, K,] = b'r, b, [F, F+, K/] = b,.

(1.40) bp/b'g b"plb"q ,

(*)/(*)-(H)/+(*-< +(f-i)/^= , + I I + H I

I, II, III:

SF+KpdE'dQ'

+

iF+KadE'dQ' JdEdQdV;

U *J'*:*> ; ^ \ " -SF' \ ak -+ bq;

38

- J ^ ^ = f + ^ - iF+KldqE'dQ' . (1.42)

(1.5) F. (1.42) .

(1.33) ?+, (1.42) F', , (1.7), (1.17),

I = - (bqlb'q) [JF'Y+ (Cfl - Q)s) dEdQdV - j* F4>+ (w' -w)d@-- j F T + ( v Y / / ; - v x / / / ) d e ] .

(1.35).

II :

dF+/ds + F+/laifs J wF+dE'dtt J (v%/lf) F+dE'dQ' = 0 (1.43)

, F+ II. ,

ds / ' laifs

f w'Y'dE'dQ' t^Ly'dE'dW =

IF'KpdE'dV SF'KqdE'dQ' (14) \

JF+/. (1.44) . (1.44) : 4 ' , , , , (1.44). , , , ' , , - .

39

(1.43) W, (1.44) F+, , (1.7), (1.17), (b"p lbp)/(bg/b'(l), II:

II = bP '

f ( \ WF+dEdQdV (ay' w) W'F+ d@

~J\ i'f h ) i bp b'q III ,

' Kg Kq:

, .

I, II, III, -

\ bq b". b J

bV " J \ fc^|d6 +

+ (bq/b'g) [ - J (F'V+ + TF%/bp) (I'aTfl - Qh) dEdQdV +

+ J" (FV+ + WF+b'plbp) (w' w) d@ + j" (F'V+ + V'F+bp/bp) x

x (vWt-vrJlJde]. (1.45)

, :

\

__ ,fbP\/bp Ib'p bp\ I bp bp

/ " - * ; '-\\i b* / "_ b'n" \ bp b, / T b'" \bp bj

\^'[ Kp Kp Kg KQ dB + h- h--h.)\x 40

)

(1.41) (1.45), (1.45)

\ / ; J [ bq J

+ (W) \-1(*'* + v'F%ibP) (Gl -Q}s) X dEdQdV + J ( F ' + + WF+bplbp) (w' w)d@ + (FV+ +

+ W'F%/bp) (v'x'/l'f - v%/lf) d@]. (1.45a)

(1.45a) (1.45) , = ', Kq K'q , b"' = bq, (1.45) (1.45) . (1.45) .

, , , (1.35).

(1.45) (1.45) .

(1.45) , . F+/ F+, [6], - . (1.45) (1.45) , .

, : F/ = F; / = \ F+' = F; ^ + , = Y+; b'g^b'q=b'g" = ba\ b'p =b"p ='" = bp. - (1.45), (1.45) :

h (" \= "\ (;

bP \b"q bgj b'qbp \bq

bP b' \ bp bq )

41

- J (+ + W + ) (&,! - C}.) ^dQdK + J (FY+ + ^ + ) (*' - w) X X dS + J (+ + Yi?+) (vY/z; - vx/Z,) d0. (1.46)

(1.46) (1.37). (1.46) , . , (1.46) [6] [7]. , (1.35) (1.37) ^ Y+ . 4 **+ .

- . Qi(r, ) (, ),

J F+ (, , n) Q, (, , n) dEdQdV = (/ = 1, 2). (1.47)

,

6 / UQi \ / ?! = UQ2 ( UQl \ = \WQJI UQ2 HQ'2 V UQ2 J

= J W L f F+' ( - & M dEdOdV. (1.48)

, , :

ffP/? + Wai^ J wVdE'dQ' j* (vx///) WdE'dQ' = = Q1/UQ1-Q2/UQ2, (1.49)

dF+'/ds + F+'liatf* - 1 w'F+' dF'dQ! j* (v'%'/l'f) F+' dE'dQ! = 0. (1.50)

(1.49) F+'y (1.50) 1*, , -42

, (1.7) (1.17), (1.48) (1.47),

) / () - '-*" ( - ->-"+ + J (W a) W + ' d6 + J +' (v Y// ; vx///) d. (1.51)

(1.35), , F+' -+ F+; >2 -+ UQ2

)/ () - -Jw+ te; - l7i>)dEdadV+ +1WF+ {wr w)dB + l WF+ (vY/'/ - vx///) ^6, (1.52)

(1.37). .

, . (1.49) , . (1.7) WSQ (rs.rp., > ), . Q\ Q2 ysQl WsQ** :

UQ* = I F+ (* , n) VsQt(r5f , n)()dEdQ (* = 1, 2)

:

UQ; = J F + ' (* n) VsQ{ (* 9 n) (ndSBHyTp) dEdQ (/ = 1,2).

:

V-VsQMQt-VsQMQz. (1.53)

L\Qi/lXQ2 (1.48), :

)/()^'

(1.54) , . (1.49) Qi = Q2 = 0 F+', (1.50) 4, . (F+' +* ) =

= (F+'^F) . - (1.53), (1.54), . , , . (1.54) (1.51). .

1.7.

, , . . . . 1964 ., [19]. . . [65]. , , -20 -4 : ; , ; 18; 6; - 65.

, , , - . [66]. &, KB, , , - , .

- [67]. . . . . . . .

- - &, (, ) (R, Z) -. , -44

, . - - . . 4000.

- - -6. . [66].

- . , . . . . . - [68].

, -, PERTVS [34], . [69, 70].

, , : , , , , , .

, FORSS [71] . [72].

2

2.1.

[54], .

- .

. , . , . , , . ., , - , .

, , , , . .

, . , , . , .

, , , , . , 46

, , . [73], - . , . 1 (8/) (8R/R), , . 2.3.

, ( ), . 2.4 : , , , , . , , , , , ( ) .

, - . , . , .

. .

47

. . . (74, 75], [62].

, . , ', - , (. . , ) . 2.3. , , , . . , - . , . . [26, 76].

, . 2.5. . , . , , , .

, .

1. , . , , . , .

2. , , . /(#), f(x)dx dx. 48

3. ( ) Mx = \i

Mx = \i-= J" xf(x)dx.

D(x) = o2 = ( \i)2 = J ( [iff{x)dx.

, : 2 = 2\\?. D(x) , f(x): , a D(x) .

= VD(x) .

4. \, ..., , -

6. *={\ ...] '= { ... ) = *, * , () () () =1() D(x) D(y) D(y) = = A'D(x)A.

* /=1, , D(y) ^, * - cr^=A'D(x)A.

, , . .

. , . .

, . , , ,

, R 8{ 8Ri, , Ri = Rio(1 + 6#//#/) d = ci0(l + 8ctfci0). RI0 7- , .

MRj = RIQ + M8Rj = RI0 + SJCM (8c{/ci0).

, ,

D (R) = (R MR)2 = M[8R M8R]2 = D (8R).

(xi9 xk) = [fa xt) (xk Mxk)] = M [(fix, Affix,) x X (6xk M8xk)] = b (fix,, 8xk)\ xt = xi0 + fix,; xk = xk0 + 8xk.

, , . 50

/- {{} {d2} , , D(N0), {d\}.

,

&(RI) = StID(N0)SI. (2.2) D(N) , . . ,

62(#/) = f]S/V?. (2.2)

, / Su (. . 50, . 6).

2.2.

. , , , , ^0- , . . D(No). , . . . , . , , . . . . [77]. 1972 . : ENDF/B, , . 1977 . , , , , . (2.2) , .

51

, , . , , - (., , (25]), , , . , , N% , , .

, , , , . .

. , (2.1), (8cfc)aij- i ; / ; v; /; ; k %\ k /; tr.

, , dau,

dlu = ()1 (2.3)

(8c/c)aij , . (2.3), . . , . , . , , , . (2.4) f7- . ,

, (8/) (2.3):

dlu = 7 ) 2 + ()2 f, + (

, - .

.

. . . fjy , , .

, . , (2.4), .

, (2.5) , . (2.1) (2.2) . . , (2.1) (2.4) 8/:

bR/R = 2 S^, (8c/c)Z?l + 2 f 2 fjSat (* + (2 Svi,) x X (bc/c)* + 2 (Sfi/ + Scif) (8C/C)\

a

, , , i. . , :

( mk \ 2 (2 // ( - 2 2 2 ffSaa (8/);

_ mk %(Sfi, + Setl)(6c/c* -> . J ] (S / / + Sc/)(6c/cCH">ft, i/ i j=nk

54

k- . N, N (8/)1. , N>N0. I 1 N. (8/)1 Zt. ,

^'/

f/Satfi

2 2 (sfti+sctt) (* = L i ,=nk

, m)

(2.6)

6R/R = yZt(6c/cy.

(8c/c)1 , :

D2 = Z/d/, (2.6)

D2 = (6R/R)*; d) = [(8/)1]*.

. (2.6) [. (2.2) (2.2)]. , . N0 N , , , . . , , , , 235U, , . .

55

. , .

, di(i=l, ..., ) , do. , D(ft), () = = d2i+d20 (t = l,..M ), Dl7(n) = pt7 yd* + dl X

X /d) + dl , pl7 = 4 / > / ( ^ + 4)(d/ + 4) -

R S^ = {5^i . . .S#rt}, R, , 8% = S^D () S^. D(n) ,

, , , (2.6), (2.6).

2.3.

, , , . L Ri(I= 1, 2, ..., L), N . Hj (7=1, 2, ..., L) - , [73].

, . (1%) , (2%) , (1%) , (20%, 30%), , , . .

. , 56

di,Tp(i=l, ..., N)f :

21

. , , dio i - , dko k, Xtwi0 = {1 Xt/Xk = m^oldlo. -.

(2.7) , :

,/4=/,; 73,, = (>0, d?,Tp = tt (tt > 0); /(t) = - F ( t ) ; t' = {tv tt, . . ., tN)

(2.7) :

/(t) = - ^ - - * m a x ; (2.8) 1 = 1

gl(t) = ffi-yAl(t(>0 (1=1, . . .,/,); (2.86)

ftW-'w'*>0 (i = U . . ., N); (2.8)

^ + , ( t ) s ^ > 0 (i = l, . . ., tf). (2.8r)

ft(t)>0; t = l , . . .,; M = L + 2N. (2.8)

, (2.7) (2.8) . (2.8) [79]. , t* , (., , [79]).

/(t) gi(t) , , , . . . . , t* (), :

1) t* . >0\ (*=1, 2, ..., ), ,

2)uigi(t*) = Q(i=U2, . . ., ) 3) V/ ( t* )+ J > , V f t ( t * ) = 0.

i = i , t*. 2. -58

, , 2 g;( t*)>0 U( = 0, , g t-(t*)=0. , , d, V^-(t*)-d>0 . .

. (2.8), , . .

1. (2.86), . . L = l, (2.8) (2.8). : , (2.8)

(2.8), ^ yKi/ti+uiH2 ) AitX VO> = 0

KjAfi = KJAmt2m = = const, (2.9)

ti = tmVAmKi/AiKm. (2.10) (2.10) - /, (2.86) ,

2 = tmyJjKrnj\ VM7 = *. 1=1 t=\ tm (2.10),

t^tPVKjAij^VA^ (* = 1, . . .,N). (2.11)

, (2.11) (2.8) (2.86). (2.8), , i ti>ti0. 4. , , Pi . (2.8), ti = tio (i=l, ..., pi)

59

. (2.86)

, . , (2.86),

tt= N. i = l _ ] / -|f- V = Pi+L . - . .0. (2.12)

2 ^ - , (2.8) , (2.8). ,

:

(2.11) 2 / | //// = A(t% I yAtKi = . , -

: :

PI

^ V / 2 V>MC7 2 //

, / = p i + l , ..., N tu (2.12), U (2.11).

, U>UQ. tioy , ti>Uo. , ti = tto , (2.8). p^N. ( , 2M;^o^#2 , . . .) , (2.86),

- ^ ] M o *j= N ' " ' -VKt/At i = (p+U . . .,N). (2.13)

2 VAiKt i=p+1

60

, t, (2.9)-(2.13), , (2.8). , . . , . : t* , >0, uN+l>0 >0,

u(ff* J^A/^\ = 0; (2.14)

Ui(tio-t]) = 0 (* = 1, . . , tf); (2.14)

j]Ki/ti + u(fP-j]Atti) + N N

- 0 . (2.14r)

> uN+i . 0 (i = p+l, ..., N), = .

(2.14) Kilt*uAi = 0 (i=p+l, ..., N). ti (2.13),

-1&*)7 {'-&4>0- , >0 L / = 1 , ..., (2.14) /(^ uAi=^ui. . (2.11) (2.12) ,

2

(23 VbXi)* -|]/* tf 40

>0 / = 1 , ..., . ,

, , , (2.9) (2.13), (2.8) L = l .

2. . (2.86) , (2.8), (2.86) (. / ) , . , (2.8) (2.86) (2.8)

61

, , .

, , . , , (2.8) .

. , , . , (2.8) = 1 , 2, ..., /, :

(1, /?) = - 2 Kt/ti-WJj* {min[0, (/|0 _/,)]}_

-(l/i?m)g{min[o, f ^ - g Z / ^ j j J 1 . (2.15)

i?m>0; \>Rt>R...>Rm>Rm+u Rm-+0 m-^oo. 0( t , Rm) .

, . , F(t)=q*t + t*Qt, q t /- , Q - . , , Q d2, d ,^ d^Qdfe = 0, 1. , . , . . - , n- , .

. , , -

62

. : t = ti di=vO(^i , Rm) max 0( t i + a-idi, Rm) ai t2=ti-raidi. /-

maxO(th + aftdft, Rm) tfe+i = tfc + afcdfe. . /2- ( ) \ /JV} , ,

= (1+) ( *=1, . . .,0 (2.16)

= ~1 (N)i + QrtV-l(L)Q\ (2.17)

V(L) ; Q/ = (/ Ci)lCi (I = 1, 2, . . ., L) L. / 01"" /, , {C7cxj/. , , . . -

63

, .

' s

S / , =

1- /- .

Q'" = Q F'f,

Q Q / = ( 7 C / ) / C j ( / = l , ..., L). V(L)

Vij(L) = ^-,, etj / / ; ,- / . , , [60,62].

, , , . . 2.2 , D(Af0) D(JV), . (2.6) S. /*, . (2.16)

) /?. ,

, , 64

= 2 /?/d?0 + II ( ( ^ - / (1 + | ] Su ftX\ I //Y - min. (2.18)

51- , (2.6). [32] [47].

. (2.17) , D(N) V(L). .

, , (2.17). /* ( i= l , ..., N), , , , ()'='

, . - , .

. , , , , [51]:

(1 + )-1 = 1, - (I, + )-1 , (2.22)

1, \q qXq ; pXq\ qXp.

D(N + L) D(N), F V(L) : D(N + L) = 1 - [D"1 (N) + F V 1 (L) F ' p 1 .

, , D (N + L) = [IN + D (N) F V 1 (L) F]-*D (N) (2.22), D(N) F = NxL V_ 1(L)F'= LxN. , (2.22),

D(N+L)= {lN-D(N)F[lL+V~{(L)F'D(N)?rl\/~1(L)^}D(N). (2.23)

(2.23) :

D(JV + L) = \IN D(N)F[W(L) +- F ' D ^ F r ' F ' ) D(^ V). (2.24)

. (2.24) .

(2.24) NXN LxL. , , N>L.

, , , , . , , -, . . 66

. , , . V(L) .

FV-^LJF , /- S r ~

S/ = (Sn, 52, . . ., 5//):

>/wy

FV-'(L)F = - ^ + i ^ -s,S! + .+ SjrSi (2.25)

(2.25)

D(JV+1) - [ ' (0 + sxsj

? (2.24) F L = l ,

( + 1 ) = ( | , - D ( ^ ) S l S ' ^ ( ^ ) . (2.26) ^ A?-HS{D(W)Sj

(2.26) (2.25) D(N + K+\) D(N + K):

D(N + K + l) = llN D(N + K)SK+lS'K+1 D(N + K). (2.27)

, V(L) D(N + L) (2.27), .

V(L) Y (2.21) , :

? Sx + +-67

, Y Y(7V)=0:

Y(tf + + 1) = 4(N + ) + -J EK+1~~CK+1 S+I. (2.27) +1 c/c+i

(2.27) (2.27) (2.17), .

R ZR (+1) , SK+I +i (/+1)- :

&(N + + I) = ZRD(N + + 1)ZR =

(2.28) 62(N + K+l) = &(N + K)X

l *("+WR]K+I 0(N+K)SK+l] j

D(M+K) ZRD(N + K)SK+\ = SK+\X X D (N + K) ZR.

l'RD(N + K)SK+l rN+Kt /c+i = - (z.zy)

[z'RD(N + K)ZR] K+lD(N + K)SK+l]

&(N+K + - b2(N + ) (l '"+*.*+' ] # (2.30)

\ 1 + 4 + i K + i / +i = S/c+i D(N + /C)SK+I

(-)- - . , | rN+Ki +i \ < 1 62(N + K+l) AK+I (/(+1)- . +> 62{N + + + 1)->2(/-/) : . *+1->0 2(# + + 1)^62(# + ) (1 -r%+Kt + 1 ) , . . ,

68

, . . . rN+K, + (2.29). (/(+1)- R N + K - . | rN+, +i | , SK+I = OCZH; =^0. (2.30) . 2. , { , - 2 , , " \ . , , , , , . Ai 2 .

(/+1)- , ,

. 2. 62(/V+ + /+1) +1

[&*(N + K)-V(N + + I) \^o]/[S2(N + )

(2.31)

. = 1/10.

9

4 (2.31) > /c+i X (1/ 1). =1/10 Ai = 'miAo = 3wK+i-

2. 0 ,

[ + K)~&(N + + I) \^o]/[&2(N + )-- 6 * ( ^ + / + 1 ) | = = 0 ] > . (2.32)

25/26, , 0 96% . (2.32) 0

Jp = VR D (N + ) ZR VR X X D(N + K+ P)ZR9 ZR. , ZR.

, - . d/ +i (/+1)- . /- Zc, :

\\ . . . 1 - 1 i i+ 1 . . . # } '

, { (2.29) (2.30), ( 2 SjptjdidjY 1

df = dU 1 ^ s-^r (2-33)

dl+K+{ +i , 2(^ + /+1), . , du 2 Sjpijdidj/wK+u /- , . 1/401/50, . 6 KB, , , .

2.5. ,

. 2 .3 , , 70

, . 2.3. , . . : , L , , .

2.4, D(N + L) - D(JV) , F V(L) :

D(N + L)= {l D(N)F[V + F*D(N)rl F'} D(N). (2.34) , , , :

ZiID(N + L)Zi ( / = 1 , . . .,). (2.35) , (2.35) . 2.3 , , , :

YJ yd] -* min; (2.36)

ZMl-D(yV)F[V + F ^ D ( ^ ) F r 1 F } D ( ^ ) Z / < ^ ( / = 1, . . ., N). (2.366)

0 < d j < d * 0 ( * = l , . . . f N). (2.36) (2.36) d D(JV), : Dij(N) = 6ijd{dj; 8ij . (2.36) , , 2.3 .

71

. , (2.36) , , (2.7). (2.366) . . , , , . (2.36) , 2.3. (2.36) Rm-*0 :

(d, Rm) = hid] + - j - ( (0, (di0- dtW +

+ 2 [min(0, (H*.-l

. , . 62(d), (2.366):

[VS2(d)h = Z'[V|D(A0]Z-2Z4v,D(A0J X + F (V + FD (N) FT1 F'D (N) Z + Z'D (N) F (V + FD (N) F')"1 X

X F [ v P (N)] F (V + FD (N) F')"1 F'D (N) Z, (2.38)

[ViD(jV)], D(N) d{.

, ?~>(/=1, ..., L), . . , (2.36) (2.7). , , , . (2.7) , .

, . (2.36). .

, . , , , 23 , ( ).

3

3.1.

. . [25, 26, 56, 57].

, , . () WRENDA, [83]. , . , , , .

. , , , . , , , .

2.3 2.5. 3.2 . , WRENDA75 [83], 1 ( ) 2 ( ).

3.3. 76. -74

, , . 235U, 239Pu, 238U UKNDL [84], . . Na -70.

, 2.3. [53], . . . . [65]. , , . , [85] . 2 .

3.2.

. , .

1) . [86] &1%, . [24] . , , , - , . .

2) , , . [20] , 1 % .

75

3) 20%.

4) , , , , . 2 . [23, 24] 2%, , , ( 1) 10% .

. & . 1 2% & KB 5 15 3 1 2% KB 5 3, Na. . 3.1.

3.1 ( X - 2 4 - 3)

-

Va = 5 Va . = 10 Va = 5 *

239 0,000823 0,000720 0,000823 240 0,000405 0,000350 0,000405 2 4 0,000081 0,000070 0,000081 242pu 0,000041 0,000035 0,000041 238(J 0,005750 0,005930 0,00575 16Q 0,014400 0,014400 0,01440 23Na 0,008800 0,0088 0,0088 0,017000 0,0170 0,0170 0,000580 0,00058 0,00058

238U 0,0122 0,0122 0,0122 wo 0,0127 0,0127 0,0127 2 3 N a 0,0055 0,0055 0,0055 0,0244 0,0244 0,0244

< 50 : 0,0420; " N a 0 , 0 1 3 0 .

76

, (2.7), (2.76) . . N 96. - , ( , , , .)- , , . 3.2. . dio (2.7).

, . . 3.2 ..

, 2.2.

. 3.2, (2.7) , (2.7). (2.7) ,

3.2

(.) (.) ,

. J . . | . . \ .

. \

0 , 8 < < 1 0 , 5 0 , 1 < < 0 , 8 < 0 , 1

239Pu cap 50 50 15 9,5 10 3,7 239p u fis 6 2,6 4 1,3 5 1,2 vfis i;2 1 0,5 2 0,5 238U cap 20 9,3 10 2,7 15 2,1 238JJ fis 5 1,8 . 238U V f j s 3 1 . 240Pu cap 50 46 30 14 20 7 240Pu fis 7 3,5 7 5,3 24Pu Vfis 3 2 3 3 * 24lPu cap 50 50 30 30 20 18 24 fis 10 9,7 10 5 15 3,7 2 4 l P l l V f i s 4 4 3 2,3 2 1,2 242Pu cap 50 50 30 30 20 20 cap 50 20 30 15 30 11 cap 50 48 30 14 30 7 23Na cap 50 50 50 50 50 44 2 3 8 U t r 20 10 20 8 20 10,3 leO tot 10 9 10 6 10 10 6 1,4 3 1,1 4 2

v252Cf 0,3%

17

.

, , ., KB, 4 7% .

. 3.2 , WRENDA75 2 ( ).

. , . 3.2, , , . 48 , , . (2.36) , 48 . , (2.7) . . 3.3.

3.3 (.) (.)

,

. | . , | . . | .

0 , 8 < E < 1 0 , 5 0 , 1 < < 0 , 8 < 0 , 1

239pu cap 50 50 15 9,6 10 4,5 2 3 9 P u fig 6 4 4 3 5 2,8 " P u Vf1s 3 2,1 1 1 2 1,2 238U cap 20 9,6 10 4 15 4,6 238U fis 5 2,8 4 J vfls 3 2,1 24 cap 50 46 30 14 20 7 24 fis 7 4 7 5,4 2 4 Vfjs 3 2,3 3 3 24lPu cap 50 50 30 30 20 18 24 fis 10 9,8 10 5,3 15 5,0 24 vfis 4 4 3 2,6 2 1,8 242Pu cap 50 50 30 30 20 20 cap 50 20 30 15 30 11 cap 50 48 30 15 30 8 23Na cap 50 50 50 50 50 44 238TJ tr 20 11 20 10 20 13 " 0 tot 10 10 10 7 10 10 6 2,9 3 2,1 4 2,

v"2Cf 0,3%

78

, . 3.2. , .

. 3.3 - WRENDA75 1 ( ).

, . 2 . 1 ? , . . , [22], , . .

5/\ = Slkdk,Tpe6 = Hi/N.

(2.7) d = d0, . . -

N V V ^ o = 1 - , 2.3, 4,5, . . Qt t h/cPi, , * 4,5.

i = i

, , - dZKi/cPi, , *16, . . 3,5 .

, #2/#2 - . 1016, . . #2/#2 ~ 16 . , 2,53,5 .

, , , 2,3, . .

, , - , 48

.

79

82. , , , .

. , . , . , , 238U 238U, , .

3.3.

, . . . . , , . 1, , . 2. 1973 1977 . , . . . . [27, 5658], [54, 55], . . , . . , . . .

. . , - , ( ). , . , , . , , , , . . . . [62, 74, 75]. , , . 80

. . [53]. 9-26 [66] -26 [87].

1977 . 82 . (48) , ZPR, ZEBRA, SNEAK. [88].

. , , (2.17), . , UKNDL [84], -70. (-70 UKNDL) , , , .

. , , , , . . , (2.17) . , (2.27 2.27). , , . 48 82 [58].

( ) , . 3.4. 239Pu (F9), 238U(F8), 238U (8) 235U (F5)

81

3.4

()

76

()

'

\

,

% (

-100

% )

F9/F

5 F8

/F5

C8/

F9

C8/F

5 9

/5

10/

5

-35

3

(1,5

) 3

2 (-

2,5)

-

30

-3

(1,5

)

1

(-2,

5)

2

(-1)

3,5

(2)

12

(28)

-28

0,

5 (4

)

0

(-3,

5)

0,5

(0,5

) 0

4 (1

8)

-23

0 (4

) 1

(10)

-1

,5

(4)

SNEA

K-7

B

1

(5)

5

(6)

2

(-10

)

3 (-

5)

1

(3

,5)

8 (2

5)

-33

1,

5 (5

)

13

(-5)

1 (-

9)

-0,5

(-

3,5)

-1

,5

(5)

12

(27)

ZPR-

6-6A

0,

5 (7

)

1

(-3,

5)

0,5

(3)

3 (2

2)

-

31

2,

5 (4

,5)

8

(3,5

) 0,

5 (-

12)

2

(-7,

5) -

1,5

(3

,5)

5 (2

2)

SNEA

K-7

A

2 (8

,5)

1 (

) 1

(-11

) 2,

5 (-

2)

1

(4,5

) 9

(22)

ZPR

-6-7

1,

5 (9

)

1 (

) . -

1,5

(-15

) 0

(-6)

2 (4

,5)

-27

2 (9

)

9 (-

8)

2

(3,5

) 0

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