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Αρχαία Ελληνική Γλώσσα B΄ ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΟΥ

ΑΡΧΑΙΑ Β ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΟΥ

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  • B

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    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

    1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 (, 1.34 []) . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 (, , 12.2-6 []) . 1. : 2 . : . : 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 (, 1.14.4-7) . 1. : , 2. : 1 . : 2 . : 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 (, 1.23-26 []) . 1 . : , , 2 . : - . : .. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 ( , , PG 55, 517-518 [-]) . 1 . : 2 . : 1 . : . .. 2 . : 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 (, 19-21 []) . 1 . : 2 . : (, , ) . : E , , A , , 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 (, 7.1-3) . 1 . : 2 . : . : , .. , , - , ,

  • B 5

    8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 (, . 19, . 1-21) . 1. : 2. : 1. : . .. 2. : 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 (, 5.6.7-8 []). 1. : 2. : . : 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 (, 24.2-3). 1. : 2. : . : 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 (, 881b-e []). 1. : 2. : . : .. 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 ( , , PG 48.1030-1031 []). 1. : 2. : . : . .. 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 ( [, 3.18.37, ]). 1. : 2. : . : .. 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 (, 2.8 []). 1. : 2. : . : 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 (, 20-22 []). 1. : , 2. :

  • 6

    1. : .. . 2. : 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 (-, , , 22). 1. : 2. : 1. : .. 2. : 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 ( 2.9). 1. : 2. : . : 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 (, 15.27-28 []). 1. : 2. : . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

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  • B 1

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  • B 2

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  • 18

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  • B 2

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  • 20

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  • B 2

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  • 22

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  • B 3

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  • 24

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  • B 3

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  • 26

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  • B 3

    27

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  • 28

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  • B 3

    29

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  • 30

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  • B 4

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  • 32

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  • B 4

    33

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  • 34

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  • B 4

    35

    3 . - . . - , :

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  • 36

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    1. :

    2. :

    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (. .) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (. .)

    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (. .) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (. .)

    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (. .) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (. .)

    3. :

    . (= ) .

    . , .

    . (= , ).

    . ; ; ; (= ; ; ;)

    . (= ) ,

    (= ) (= ).

    . (= ),

    .

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    ------()

    ------------()

    , , .

    H .

    , ,

    (. . . .)

    , ,

    (. . . .)

    , ,

    (. . . .)

    , ,

    (. . . .)

    , ,

    (. . . .)

    , ,

    (. . . .)

    !

    210072-ARXAIA-ELLHNIKH-GLWSSA-B-GYMNASIOY.indd 36 3/4/2013 3:58:32

  • B 4

    37

    4. : , , .

    5. : ___________ , ___________ , ___________ , ___________ , ___________

    6. , : _____________ , _____________ , __________ , _________________ , _________________ , _________________

    7. : . (=) , _________________ (, .). . _________________ (,.) , . . _________________ (,.) , . . _________________ (,.) , (= ). . _________________ (,.), . . (= ), _________________

    (,.) (= ).

    .,.362,.23

    .

    A 2 . .. , . (, , ).

    210072-ARXAIA-ELLHNIKH-GLWSSA-B-GYMNASIOY.indd 37 3/4/2013 4:32:27

  • 38

    (. 354-407 ..), -

    , -, , -. . , . . - . .

    , .

    , , .

    ,

    .

    ,

    ; , .

    , . ,

    . , , ,

    , .

    , , PG 55, 517-518 ()

    5

    .

    E , O M - (M , M)

  • B 5

    39

    : - ( + ),

    (- + ). , . , , .

    : , , , , . . ( ) - .

    1 . ;2 . ;

    ;3 . ,

    ; , ;4 . ;

    (. / , ) (. . . / , )

    (. . . , , )

    , ,

    (. , , ) (. / )

    (. .) (. . . , , )

    () [. ] (. . . , )

    (. )

    (. ) ( .)

    (. . . , )

    (. . . , ) (. . . )

    (. . . , )

    (. . . )

    (. ..: )

    (. ..: )

    , , (. ..: )

    (. ..: ) (. ..:

    , , ) , (. ..: , ) (. ..: ) (. ..: , )

    (. ..: , )

    / , (. ..: , , ) (. ..: , ) (. ..: ,

    , , ) (. ..:

    , )

  • 40

    [= 1. , 2. ] . - [ : , ]

    1 .

    /

    [= (-) [= (..) ] [= (..) ] ] [= ] () [= (..) ,

    (..) ]

    [= (..) ,

    (..) ]

    [= ]

    (-) [= (..)

    , (..) ]

    [= ] [= (..) [= ] , (..) ] [= ] [= [= (..) , (..) ] ]

    (.. ) [= ] (-)

    [=

    ]

    (-)

  • B 5

    41

    :

    :

    ,

    .. - < + - < +

    --, -- --,

    .. -- < (. . -) + -- < (. . -) +

    (. ) .. < . - .. < . -, -

    2 .

    1 . . . . , ( , ,

    ): , , , , , .2 . . . . . -

    :i. : _________________________

    ii. : _________________________

    iii. : _________________________

    iv. : _________________________

    . , , - .

    3 . . . , - :

    4 . - .

    -

    1 . . . : (. . -) + ___________________________________________________________________________ , - (. . -) + ________________________________________________________________ + _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ + ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ + ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

    2 . ( ), : , , , (. - -).

  • 42

    1 . . . .

    . . .

    . .

    .

    ()

    ( ) . , .. , -,

    - , (), .. -, - .

    v . . . : . .

    , , __________________ , , __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

    2 .

    , .. . , - ( ) . K , :

    : .

    .. .

    ... ,

    ;

    1 .

    2 .

    , , , , :

    + ,.. , , + ,.. ,

    () .

    .. , , ,

  • B 5

    43

    - . , .

    .. (= ).

    .

    , , -, ( : ). :

    1. ( ) :

    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    2. :

    . . . . . . . . . . . .

    3. :. , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (, . .) , .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (, . .), .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (, . .), .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (, . . .) .

    4. . :. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , .. (= ) , (= ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . , (= ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , (= ).. , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

    .

    .

    , , , .

    6.2

    , , , .

    210072-ARXAIA-ELLHNIKH-GLWSSA-B-GYMNASIOY.indd 43 3/4/2013 3:58:35

  • 44

    (430 - . 355 ..), , - ,

    . . .

    . , , ;

    .

    . , , .

    . , .

    -

    . ,

    ; ,

    , , ,

    ;

    , 19-21 ()

    6

    (. 480 ..) (. . )

    .

  • B 6

    45

    : (399 ..)

    ,

    .

    , , .

    .

    (. . . )

    (. . , , )

    (. . , , )

    (. . , , ) ( .

    . . . ) (. . . )

    = ( )

    ( )

    ( . . . . ) (. . )

    ( )

    ( . . . . , ) (. . , , ) (. . . , )

    , /,

    , , (. )

    ... (. .)

    , , (. . . , , )

    , , (. ..: , , )

    (. ..: , , )

    , (. ..: ), (. ..: , -

    ), , , (. ..: , )

    (. ..: , ) (. ..: ) , (. ..: , ) , (. ..: , , ) (. ..: , )

    , , (. ..: , ) ...

    ,

  • 46

    ... :

    ,

    .

    , , .

    , -

    ,

    .

    .

    1 . ; ; ;

    2 . ; ;

    3 . , , ;4 . 100-120 .

    (4 . .., , )

    (1 . ..)

  • B 6

    47

    1 . , : , , , , , , .

    . ______________________ . . ______________________ . . ______________________ .

    . ______________________ , .

    . -, -, -

    [ : , , ]

    1 . O

    /

    []

    [= ,

    ] [= (..) , [=1. , (..) ] 2. ] (-)

    (.. )

    (-) [= (..)

    , (..) ] (-) [= (..) ,

    (..) ]

    (-)

    (-)

    [= ]

    [= ]

    [= 1.

    (.. ) 2. ] [=

    ] [=

    ]

    [= ]

    [= ]

  • 48

    . ______________________ . . ______________________ . . . ______________________ .

    .

    2 . . : , , , , , , , , , .

    3 . : ____________________________________ _______________________________________ ______________________________________ _____________________________________

    ________________________________________ ________________________________________

    (, , )

    , , . :

    : -: -: - : -: -: -: - , : - (-): - () (-): - (-): -,

    : -: - -: -: -: -: -, (: -): -: - [: - ()]: -: -: -: -: -: -: -: -: -: -

    -: --: -- (): - (= ) -, -, - ( ):

    --

    -: -

    2 .

    .

    .

  • B 6

    49

    1 . . . (, , ) - :

    2 . .

    1 .

    . -,

    -, - -, -, - , . :

    . -, -, -

    1 . , --. -- --. -

    -- (+ > , + > , + > , + > ). - -.

    2 . -, -, - , , - (). ().

    . -, -, -

    + _______________________________________________________ + __________________________________________________________________________ + , _______________________________________ + ____________________________________________ - + , (= ) ______________________________________ + _____________________________________________________________________________ + , _______________________________________________ - + _______________________________________________________________________________ - + _______________________________________________________ - + _________________________________________________ + _______________________________________________________ + __________________________________________________________________________ + _______________________________________________________ + ___________________________________________________________________ + _______________________________________________________ + _________________________________________________________________________________

    .

    . . . .

    .

    (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -) (< -)

    . . . .

    .

    . - . . - .

  • 50

    1. , --. -- --.

    2. -, -, - -, (, ).

    2. , , , , (= , , ) (. .

    . ).

    3. , , , *.

    D , :

    1. :

    2. : () _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ () _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    () _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ () _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    () _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ () _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    () _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ () _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    ....

    . - . . - .

    , , , , () ()

    .

    .

    .

    .

    . - . . - .

    ............ ............ , ............,

    , ............, ............ , ............ ,

    ............, ............, ............ , ............ ,

    ............ ............ ............ , ............ ,

    * . .

    (. . . .)

    (. . . .)

    (. . . .)

    (. . . .)

    (. . . .)

    (. . . .)

    210072-ARXAIA-ELLHNIKH-GLWSSA-B-GYMNASIOY.indd 50 3/4/2013 3:58:35

  • B 6

    51

    3 . : , , , , .

    4 . , . - :

    , , __________________ (. . .) ;

    (= ).

    (= ) __________________ (. . .)

    ;

    (= ), (=

    , ), .

    , , __________________ (. . .) ;

    __________________ (. . .) , - ; __________________ (. . .) , , __________________ (. . .) ;

    , 2.2.1-3

    5 . ( ) - :

    . (= ). . . . (= ) (= ). . . . . . (= ) .

    6 . : . . . . . . . . . (= ). . .

    ., . 885

    .

  • 52

    - (444-360 ..) -

    . , - .

    , -

    , , , -

    , , ,

    , .

    ,

    -

    . ; [...]

    . , ,

    , , ,

    , .

    , 7 .1-3

    7

    .

    (530-510 .., )

  • B 7

    53

    : (398 ..) - ( 396 394 ..)

    . ( ), - .

    : - . - , ,

    .

    1 . ; 2 . ; ;3 . , , ; -

    ;

    (. . . )

    ( . . . . )

    ( . . . . )

    (. . . , )

    (. . . , )

    , , (. .)

    / ,

    ,

    ( . . . . , )

    ( . . . . )

    ,

    (.

    . . )

    (. ..: , )

    ,

    (. ..: ) (. ..: )

    (. ..: )

    (. ..: , )

    (. ..: , , )

    /

    ;

    (

    : )

    ,

    (. ..: , , )

    (. ..: )

    , (. ..: , )

    (. ..: , )

    , (. ..: , )

    (. ..: , )

    , , (. ..: )

  • 54

    1 . . . . ( , , .): , , , .

    2 . :. , _____________________

    .

    [= , , ] . ()-

    [ : ]

    1 .

    /

    [= (-) ] [= (..) [= ] , (..) ] [= ]

    [= , [= ] ]

    (-) [= (..)

    , (..)

    ]

    [= (..) ,

    (..)

    ]

    [= ] (-) [= [= ] (-) [= ] ] (-)

    [= (..) , (..) [= ] ] [= ]

    [= (-) ]

  • B 7

    55

    . _____________________ .

    . _____________________ .

    . . _____________________ .

    . . _____________________ .

    3 . :

    4 . , . . .

    -

    : , , , .

    2 .

    , .. - ( + ), -

    , .. -, -, -

    }

    }

    } :

    -() .. - (), - (),

    - ()

    - -.. - (), - (),

    - ()

    , (.. ) (.. ). . :

    :

    [ + ] [- + ] [ + ]

  • 56

    1. .. : + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (. -) + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (. -) + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    * + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    2. .. . - :

    + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    + (-) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    - + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    (-) + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    3. . - ;

    1. ,

    .

    . , ..

    --. -- .

    , -- --. D

    :

    .

    ------

    --......--.....--.....--.....--.....--.....

    ------------

    * = ,

    210072-ARXAIA-ELLHNIKH-GLWSSA-B-GYMNASIOY.indd 56 3/4/2013 3:58:36

  • B 7

    57

    1 . -- -- .2 . , , .

    3 . , , ... - , - , - .

    . :

    ( ). : .... , , ... . (= !)

    ( ). : ..., ....

    .. ; (= / ;) . (= / .)

    : , ,

    .

    .. . , : ... ( ,

    ).

    .. , . (= / K , .)

    , , , . .. , . (= , / -

    .)

    2 . , , (= , , ) -, -, -. D :

    1 .

    ( , , ) .2 . .3 . , , . , -

    - .

    . . . .

    . . . .

  • 58

    3 . , ,

    , , . *.

    D :

    1 . , , .

    2 . , , , (. ..: , , ).

    1 . : , , , , , , .

    2 . , :

    3 . :

    4 . : ___________________ , ___________________ , ___________________ , ___________________ , ___________________ .

    5 . : . , . , . .

    * . .

    . . . .

    . . . .

    , ......... ......... ......... , ......... , ......... ......... , ......... ......... , ......... ......... , ......... ......... .................. ........ ......... ......... ......... ......... ,

    ()

    ()

    ()

    ()

  • B 7

    59

    6 . :

    . ( ____________________________ ). . , ( __________

    __________________ ). . ( ____________________________ ).

    7 . , , : . , ______________ , . . , ______________ (. . . = )

    .

    . , ______________ , (= ). . , ______________ (= ) , . . , ______________ , . . , ______________ ;

    8 . , : _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________

    9 . . :

    . , , . . , , (= ) ; . (= ), , (= ).

    .,

    , .

  • 60

    (460-403 ..)

    ,

    . .

    , .

    ,

    .

    5

    ,

    .

    , 10

    ,

    ,

    ,

    . 15

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , 20

    ., . 19, . 1-21

    8

    .

    ( , E )

  • B 8

    61

    : . :

    ... , , -

    , .

    ... : . , . , .

    (/ , )

    / ,

    , ,

    (= , )

    (= , ) (. . . )

    ( . . . . , )

    (= , )

    (= ) (.

    . . ) (= ),

    ,

    (. ,

    ) (. /

    , ) (.

    )

    (. . . , ) (. . . . )

    /

    (. ..: , )

    ,

    , (. ..: , )

    ,

    (. ..: , )

    (. ..: , , )

    ,

    , , () ,

    ,

    (. ..: , )

    (. ..: , ) -

    ,

    , (. ..: , )

    / ,

    E

  • 62

    , . -

    .

    : , , . , ,

    .

    1 . , ; ;

    2 . ; 3 . , , ;

    ;4 .

    , - . .

    . ( 470-450 .., ).

    ( )

  • B 8

    63

    1 . :. __________________________ 2004.. __________________________ .. __________________________ .

    2 . , :

    3 . , . , : , , .

    [= , , (.) , ][ : ]

    1 . O

    /

    [= (..: ) ] (-) [=

    , (.) ] [= , ]

    (-)

    [= [= ] ]

    (-) (-)

    (-)

  • 64

    -

    , , ... - (), - (), - ()

    1 . . . .

    2 . . .: - + ________________________ + _____________________________________________ - + ________________________ + _____________________________________________ + ________________________

    3 . , . . :

    1 . . . .

    (. 14) . .

    . -- , .

    .

    /

    /

    /

    ( ) . , .. , -, - , (), .. -, - .

    D . . . :

    . .

    , -, - ................. , -, - .................

    ................. .................

    ................. .................

    2 .

    1 .

    -

    -

  • B 8

    65

    2 . -, -, -

    , , .

    . :

    1 . . - (-j- > -- > ) , - .

    2 . (< -) (< -) , , .

    3 . , -- , --, .

    ( 12), - ( ), ( ). , :

    .

    1 . . :. _____________________

    . , , _____________________

    . _____________________ , .

    . _____________________ , , .

    . . . .

    .

    (< -) (< -) - -

    - - - -

    - - (< -) (< -)

    - (< -) - -

    (< -) (< -) - -

    2 .

    . . . .

  • 66

    2 . : () _____________________ () _____________________ () _____________________ () _____________________

    3 . :

    4 . :

    . ___________________________ . . ___________________________ . . , , ___________________________ -

    .

    . (= ) ___________________________ . . , ___________________________ .

    5 . . :

    . . . . . : A . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . : O . T . . . . . . : . . . . . . . : N . .

    6 . , , :

    . ___________________________ .. ___________________________ .. ___________________________ .. ___________________________ .

    7 . : . .

    . .

    . .

    . (= ) .

    , , (, - = ), (, - = ),

    ________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________________

    ________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________________

  • B 8

    67

    . (= ) . . (= ).

    8 . : . .

    . (= ).

    . (= ) .

    . (= )

    .

    . (= )

    (= ) .

    9 . : . ________________________ ( , . .) ________________________ (, . .). . ________________________ (, . .) ________________________ ( , . .)

    .

    . (= ) ________________________ (, . .) ________________________ ( , . .), ________________________ (, . .), ________________________ ( , . .).

    10 . . :

    . (= ) ________________________ ( , .) .

    -. ________________________ ( , .), (= ) ________________________ ( , .).

    . ________________________ ( , .). . (= ) ________________________ ( , .).

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 68

    (115-180 ..) -

    . , ,

    ,

    -

    .

    ,

    .

    , . ,

    -

    . , , .

    , ,

    , ,

    . ,

    .

    , 5 .6 .7-8 ()

    9

    (6 . .., )

    .

  • B 9

    69

    ,

    : , , - A.

    .

    . , :

    , -. , , , 96 (396 ..). , ,

    . :

    , , , . , , A

    .

    / ,

    (. . . , )

    (. . . . ,

    ) (. . .

    )... ...

    (. . . )

    (. . . )

    (. . . )

    (. . . )

    (. )

    (. . . )

    (. . . )

    (. . . )

    (. . . ,

    )

    (. . . ) (. /

    , )

    (. ..: , )

    / ...

    ... ...

    (. ..: )

    (. ..: , )

    (. ..: , )

  • 70

    1 . ;

    2 . ;

    3 . ; ;

    - (- - , 500 .., - )

  • B 9

    71

    [= , ] . -, -, -, -

    [ : ]

    1 . O

    / (. ) [= (..) , (..)

    [= ] ]

    [= ]

    [= (..) , (..) ,

    ]

    (-)

    (-)

    (-)

    [ = (..) 1.

    , 2. (../..) ]

    (-)

    [= (..) ,

    (..) , ]

    [= (.) (.) , .. ] [= [= ] ] / [= ] (-) [< = , ] /

    (< . . -) [= ]

  • 72

    1 . . . :

    ______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

    2 . . . .:

    _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    3 . :. , __________________ .. __________________ .. __________________ . 40 !. __________________ .

    -

    D . . : , , , .

    , (-) , ( < + . ) ( < + . ).

    :

    2 .

    -(): - -: - -: - -: - -(): -

    A , -: -, -.

    A , - (.. -, -) : - < -, - < -.

    }

    :

  • B 9

    73

    1 . , . -, - , :

    + _________________________________________ + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + ______________________________________________________ + , - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + ________________________________________________________ + , - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (. ) + , - ____________________________________________________________________________________________

    2 . , . . . . . .:

    3 . - ( ) :

    1 . ( , 13)

    . (, , , , , ).

    . - (.. ), . , , , .

    .

    (. -)

    +

    +

  • 74

    D - :. .

    . , . . (. ) , .

    1 . ( ), , ( ), .2 . ! () .

    .

    .. . , .

    2 .

    , / ( ). () . .

    1 . :. .

    . .

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    , , , , , , , , , , ,

    , , , , , , , ,

    , , , , , ,

    , , , , , ,

    , , , , , , , , , -

    , , , , ,

    H

    H

    ;

  • B 9

    75

    . .

    2 . :. ______________________ ().. ______________________ ().. ______________________ ().. ______________________ ().. ______________________ ().

    3 . ;. (= ) .

    . .

    . .

    . .

    . (= ) .

    4 . : . (= ). . .

    . (= ).

    . (= ).

    . .

    5 . ( ) :

    (.) ________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . (.) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ .

    , . 500 .. (, Bibliothque nationale, Cabinet des Mdailles)

    ., . 1014

    .

  • 76

    10

    16 . , . , . , , ( ).

    , , .

    , ,

    , . , -

    .

    K K .

    : , ;

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    : ;

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    : , ,

    , , ;

    : ,

    .

    : ;

    .

    : , , . ,

    , . .

    , 24 .2-3 ()

    .

  • B 10

    77

    : : , , ,

    , , ,

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    1 . . .

    2 . ;

    3 . : ... , , . ;

    , ,

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    , ,

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    ,

    , (. ..: ,

    )

    ..

    ,

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    (. ..: , )

    (. ..: , )

    /

    /

  • 78

    4 . . , , ;

    [= , ][ : ]

    1 .

    O

    /

    [= ] (-) (-) [= ]

    [= ]

    , - [= (..) , [= , (..) ] ] [= (..) , (..) ]

    (-) (-) [= (-) ] (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) [= ]

    [ ] (.. )

  • B 10

    79

    1 . ( ) . . :

    ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________

    2 . : . _________________ . . . _________________ ,

    . . _________________ . . ,

    _________________ , . . _________________ . . . _________________ .

    3 . . : - - -

    1 . . . : , , , , , , -, , , , , .

    2 . . . : + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ + _____________________________________________________________________ + _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ + ___________________________________________________________________ + ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ + (. -) ______________________________________________________ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    2 .

  • 80

    3 . . . . ( , .), . . : + .

    ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

    ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

    ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

    ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

    ____________________________________________________________

    4 . . . , :

    + __________________________________ + ___________________________________________________________

    + ________________________________________________ + ___________________________________________________________

    + ________________________________________________ + ___________________________________________________________

    + __________________________________

    5 . . . :

    + _________________________________________________________________________________ - + __________________________________________________________

    + ________________________________________________ + _________________________________________________________________________________________________

    + _________________________________________________________________________________ + _________________________________________

    6 . - :

    _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

    1 . , : .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • B 10

    81

    2 . -, :

    3 . : .

    4 . , , : .

    5 . , : .

    6 . , , , , ; .

    7 . : ( ) .

    8 . - :

    9 . :

    . ______________________________ . _____________________________

    . ______________________________ . ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    . _______________________________

    10 . , . , , -:

    . , .

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    1 . . . .2 . . . .3 . . . . 4 . . . .5 . . . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 82

    . (= ) , .

    . (= ).

    11 . ( ) . :

    . , .

    . .

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    . .

    12 . :

    . .

    . (= ) .

    . (= ) .

    . .

  • B 10

    83

    13 . :

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

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    , , .

    1134a

    , ( ) ,

    .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  • 84

    . ,

    .

    .

    , , -

    ,

    , , -

    ,

    . ,

    -

    , .

    -

    ,

    .

    , 881b-e ()

    11

    (Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1618-19, Galleria Borghese, ).

    .

  • B 11

    85

    : , , .

    , , , .

    : , . .

    1 . ;

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    3 . -, . , , .

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    )

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    ,

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    ,

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    , )

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    )

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    E

  • 86

    1 . . . , : : __________________________________________________ : _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ : ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ : ____________________________________________________________ , : _______________________________________________________

    2 . . . . :. _______________________

    1922 , .

    . _______________________ - .

    . , _______________________ .

    . , , ____________________ , .

    [= , , , ] . -, -

    [ : ]

    1 .

    /

    [= ]

    [= ]

    [=

    ] [= ]

    [= ]

    [= ]

    [=

    ]

    (-)

    (-)

  • B 11

    87

    , :

    :

    ( , , ), .

    .. -, -, -.

    1 . . . : + _______________________________________________________________ + ____________________________________________________________________

    + _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ + _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 . :

    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    3 . N :

    . + ________________________________________________ . + _________________________________________________________________________________________ . + ________________________________________________________________________________ . + _________________________________________________________________________________________ . + ________________________________________________________________________________ . + _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . + ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    B2 . E

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 88

    .

    .

    . . ( ..). , (. ). .

    ..:

    1 . , , !

    2 . , :. --

    ,. -- ( -- ).

    3 . .D , - , , .

    .

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    .. (). (= ) , .

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    - . .. , .

    - ... .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    -------------------- -

    ------------------------ --

  • B 11

    89

    1 . :

    2 . :

    3 . :

    . , . . , . . . . . . , , . . , .

    4 . :

    . ___________________ , , (, .). . ___________________ , ___________________ (, , .). . ___________________ (, .). . ___________________ (, .).

    .,

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 90

    12

    . , ( , . 510-500 .., Staatliche Antikensammlungen, ).

    T

    (. 5), ,

    .

    .

    , , . , , , -

    , . , , ,

    , , .

    , , ,

    , , ; ,

    , , ,

    ; , , . -

    , .

    , , PG 48 .1030-1031 ()

    .

  • B 12

    91

    : .

    , .

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    , ,

    ,

    + .

    (. . . ) ( . . . . , )

    (. . .

    , )

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    ,

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    ,

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    )

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    = ), -

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    )

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    (. , , -

    )

  • 92

    . . ( , 4 . .., Staatliche Antikensammlungen, ).

    1 . , ;

    2 . , , ;

    3 . ; .

    , , , . (, . 330-320 .., Staatliche Museen, ).

  • B 12

    93

    [= , ][ : ]

    1 .

    / [= , , ] [= ]

    [= 1. [= (..) 1. , 2. , , (..) ] 2. ]

    [= , ] (-) (-)

    (-)

    [= (..) ,

    (..) ]

    [= ]

    (-)

    [= ]

    1 . . . . . .

    2 . , . . -, .

  • 94

    3 . . . , :

    . :

    , .. (), ().T , .. () , , .. ().

    1 . , , :

    + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (. . ) + _________________________________

    2 . , . .

    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    _____________________

    _____________________

    / __________________ , _________________________ / _________________ , ________________________ / , ____________________ _____________________ / _________________ , _______________________ / , ______________________ / _________________ , _______________________

    2 .

  • B 12

    95

    1 . . . .

    . .

    .

    ( ) . , .. ,

    -, - , (), .. , .

    D . :

    . .

    2 .

    . , ,

    D ( -) ( , ):

    .

    , -, - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , -, - __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    . . . .

    .

    ..... ..... ..... .....

    ..... ..... ..... .....

    ..... ..... ..... .....

    ..... ..... ..... .....

    ..... ..... ..... .....

    . .

    . . , ,

  • 96

    -- --. -- ( ..).

    . , ,

    D ( -) ( , , ):

    1 . . :. _______________ .

    . _______________ . . , _______________ .. _______________ , , .

    2 . ( ):

    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    3 . : () _______________________________________ _______________________________________________ () _______________________________________ _______________________________________________ () _______________________________________ _______________________________________________

    . . . .

    .

    ..... ..... ..... .....

    ..... ..... ..... .....

    ..... ..... ..... .....

    ..... ..... ..... .....

    / ..... ..... ..... .....

  • B 12

    97

    4 . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    5 . , , , , :

    . ______________ . . ______________ ; . ______________ , . . ______________ . . ______________ . . (= ) ______________ .

    , , .

    , , , .

  • 98

    (5 . ..) o

    . (1

    . ..), .

    .

    .

    , ,

    . ,

    , . ,

    , .

    . , -

    . ,

    . ,

    , .

    , .

    (, 3 .18 .37),

    13

    , (1567). ( ).

    .

  • B 13

    99

    (. 30-100 ..) - . ,

    . . , , - . , , , .

    (. . . )

    / ,

    ,

    , + .

    ()

    ( , . . .