1

mitropolit i ana ni a jafari Ze

Tbilisi 2007

Teoria sa qarTvelos

e klesiis prozelitizmis Sesaxeb

da misi kritik a

2

uZvelesi xanidanve saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis is-

torias swavlobdnen mematiane sasuliero moRvaweni,

magram mas Semdeg, rac XIX saukuneSi ruseTis xelisu-

flebam gaauqma saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrioba, saek-

lesio avtokefalia da XX saukuneSi gabatondnen

aTeistebi _ dampyroblis nebiT, ,,dayavi da ibatone”-s

devizis Sesabamisad damaxinjda saqarTvelos eklesi-

is istoria.

amJamad, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis

kvaldakval dadga Jami kvlav aRorZindes saqarTve-

los eklesiis mecnieruli istoriis Seswavlis saqme.

aRniSnuli sakiTxi ganxilulia winamdebare naSrom-

Si, romelic unda emsaxuros saqarTvelos eklesiis

mTlianobis ganmtkicebis wmida saqmes.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

manglis-walkis eparqia

© anania jafariZe, 2007

3

sabWour istoriografiaSi gabatonebuli

Teoria saqarTvelos eklesiis

prozelitizmis Sesaxeb

da misi kritika

Teologiis dargTagan uZvelesi xanidanve saqarTvelo-

Si gamorCeulad Seiswavleboda saistorio RvTismetyvele-

ba, Tumca arc misi egzegetikuri, sistematuri da praq-

tikuli nawilebi iyo uyuradRebod datovebuli.

saistorio RvTismetyveleba, rogorc cnobilia, swav-

lobda saeklesio da bibliur istorias. misi kerZo disci-

plinebis - patrologiis, simbolikis, saeklesio arqiteq-

turis, qristianuli literaturis, xelovnebis, RvTismsax-

urebisa da dogmatebis istoriis ZiriTad makavSirebel

samecniero RerZs eklesiis istoria warmoadgenda.

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis, viTarca saistorio

saRvTismetyvelo nawilis Seswavlis ZiriTadi mizania Sec-

noba WeSmaritebisa, viTarca Tavisuflebis (pirovnuli,

erovnuli, saeklesio da sxva) safuZvlisa.

macxovari brZanebs: `scaniT WeSmariti da WeSmariteba

gangaTavisuflebT Tqven~ (ioane, 8, 32).

wmida mamebi ki aRniSnavdnen - `Tavisufleba TvisiTa

sisxliTa mogvaniWa Cven ufalman Cvenman ieso qristeman

ganmaTavisuflebelman yovelTa kacTaman~ (III msoflio kre-

bis me-8 kanoni, `didi sjulis kanoni~, 1975, gv. 267).

RvTis didi SiSiT, Zieba simarTlisa iyo mizani saqarTve-

los istoriis sasuliero mwerlobisa, uZvelesi saistorio

wyaroebis - `moqcevai qarTlisaisa~ da `qarTlis cxovreb-

is~ - avtorebisa da Semkreblebisa.

4

amis sapirispirod, XX saukuneSi, aTeistur-bolSe-

vikuri represiebis Semdeg, istoriul mecnierebaSi WeSmar-

itebis Zieba waxalisebuli ar yofila, ufro metic, moiTx-

oveboda wyaroebis gayalbeba, an maTi interpretireba ise,

rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo maTi Cayeneba marqsistuli

ideologiis samsaxurSi.

WeSmaritebiT Seqmnili Cveni xalxis Zveli istoria

`reaqciul Teoriad~ gamocxadda, daiwyo mis winaaRmdeg

`gadamwyveti brZola~ (aucilebelia dromoWmuli reaqci-

uli Teoriebis winaaRmdeg `gadamwyveti brZola~ - gaz.

`pravda~ 18. 2, 1949).

ufro adre XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi bolSevikebma

saqarTvelos Zvel istoriografias `cixe-simagre~ uwodes,

romelic uTuod unda daengriaT. imJamad, komunisturi

saxelmwifos erT-erTi didmoxele acxadebda - Cven winaSe

dgas cixe-simagre, romelsac saqarTvelos istoria ewode-

ba da romelic jer auRebelia, magram ar arsebobs iseTi

cixe-simagre, romlis aReba bolSevikebs ar SeeZloT,

saWiroa energiuli muSaoba da mtkice bolSevikuri nebi-

syofa am cixe-simagris asaRebad~ (`iv. javaxiSvili tira-

niis winaSe~, Tb. 2004, gv. 172).

XX saukunis, amave, 20-30-ian wlebSive Caeyara e.w. `mec-

nieruli~ safuZveli `qarTizaciis Teorias~.

qarTizaciis Teoria bolSevikebis xelSi gadaiqca ara

mxolod berketad saqarTvelos Zveli istoriis dasan-

grevad, aramed mis Casanacvlebladac. amJamadac ki, qar-

Tizaciis~ Teoria erTaderT da utyuar samecniero mi-

marTulebadaa aRiarebuli. is absoluturadaa gaba-

tonebuli XX saukunisa da XXI saukunis dasawyisis

qarTul istoriografiasa da aseve, filologiaSi. qar-

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Tizaciis Teoriis safuZvelzea Camoyalibebuli axali

qarTuli istoriografia.

marTalia, Zveli qarTuli istoriografiis adgili

axalma daiWira, magram, samwuxarod, rogorc amJamindeli

realuri faqtebi aCvenebs, man ver SeZlo qarTveli eris

interesebis dacva da istoriuli simarTlis warmoCena sep-

aratistebis mier gaCaRebul afxazeTisa da samaCablos kon-

fliqtebis dros. okupantebis mier afxazeTis daWeris win

e.w. `ideologiur omSi~ qarTvelTa damarcxeba unda aixs-

nas axali qarTuli istoriografiis sisustiTac, romel-

ic iqamde aTeuli wlebis manZilze acxadebda, rom Tavda-

pirvelad, uZveles xanaSive, kolxeTis samefos epoqaSive,

mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTi, TiTqosda,

dasaxlebuli iyo afxazur-adiReuri tomebiT da Semdgom

dros maT adgilze Casaxldnen qarTveluri tomebi. ara

mxolod afxazeTSi, samaCablos konfliqtis dros mxolod

enTuziasti istorikosebi icavdnen erovnul interesebs.

samwuxarod, oficialurma qarTizaciis~ TeoriiT xelSek-

rulma istoriografiam ver SeZlo simarTlis warmoCena.

marTlac, mas gauWirda qarTvelTa samarTlianobis war-

moCena, radganac iqamde mecnierulad amtkicebda `qarTi-

zaciis~ Teoriis Sesabamisad, rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTianeTis mosaxleoba, maT Soris, samaCabloSi istoriulad

mcxovrebi dvalebi iyvnen araqarTvelebi, romelTa qarTi-

zacia - gaqarTveleba~ moxda garkveul istoriul etapze.

TiTqosda, aramarto dvalebi da sxva mTiulebi, aramed

gaqarTvelebuli `qarTizebuli xalxebi~ yofilan her-kax-

ebi, qvemo qarTlelebi, tao-klarjelebi, dasavleT

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba, Tanac Turme, maTi asimilaciis

procesSi saqarTvelos eklesias didi wvlili miuZRoda.

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qarTul sabWoTa enciklopediaSi statiaSi `qarTvele-

bi~ aseTi terminologiiT aris aRwerili es procesi: qar-

Tis tomma~ SeZlo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi

`araqarTul da araqarTvelur~ tomebSi SeRweva - infil-

tracia da maTi asimilaciis Semdeg IX-X saukuneebSi Camoy-

alibda `aRmosavlur-qarTuli erovneba~ (qse, t. 10, 1986

w., statia qarTvelebi~ gv. 459). am statiis mixedviT, qar-

Tis tomma~ SeZlo `herul-albanuri mosaxleobis qarTi-

zacia~ (qse, t. 10, gv. 460). maSasadame, oficialuri Tval-

sazrisiT, herebi da albanelebi erTi xalxia, anda herul-

albanuri mosaxleoba erTi eTnosia, romelic Semdgom qar-

Tizebuli iqna da Seemata aRmosavlur-qarTul erovnebas~.

aqedanac Cans, rom oficialuri istoriografiis Tval-

sazrisiT iyo dro, rodesac herebi ar iyvnen qarTvelebi.

qarTuli enciklopediis mixedviT, rogorc vTqviT, IX-X

saukuneebSi Camoyalibebula aRmosavlur-qarTuli erovneba

da misi saxeli yofila - qarTvelebi~ (qse, t. 10, gv. 460).

ra mdgomareobaa dasavleT saqarTveloSi? dasavleT

saqarTveloSi Turme Camoyalibebula sxva dasavlur-

qarTuli erovneba da aseTi procesebi ganviTarebula Cve-

ni enciklopediis Tanaxmad - `IX saukunidan mTel dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi qarTuli eklesia gabatonda~, ris Sed-

egadac terminma qarTveli~ kulturul-politikuri mniS-

vneloba SeiZina (qse, t. 10, gv. 460).

meore avtoris azriT, da esaa sayovelTao oficialuri

Tvalsazrisi - dasavleT saqarTveloSi iqamde, TiTqosda,

ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo maRali klasis safexuris kolx-

uri anu megrul-Wanuri eTnosi da Semdgom dawyebula misi

`qarTizacia~ (r. TofCiSivili, 2002, gv. 5, 7, 83). rogorc

vTqviT, es procesi qarTuli eklesiis meoxebiT xorcield-

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eboda, romelic TiTqosda iWreboda sxva ucxo eklesiis,

am SemTxvevaSi, dasavleT saqarTvelos konstantinopolis

iurisdiqciis sazRvrebSi da mis mrevls iTvisebda.

cxadia, esaa dadanaSauleba prozelitizmSi. iyo Tu ara

qarTuli eklesia prozelituri? prozelitizmi, anu sxvi-

si samwysos misakuTreba, dagmobilia mociqulTa

droidanve da eklesiisTvis saTakilo qmedebad iTvlebo-

da jer kidev I msoflio krebidan. qarTuli eklesiisaTvis

aseTi epiTeti sasiamovno ar aris. am saTakilo epiTetiT,

Tanamedrove avtorebs, Cans, eris winaSe Cveni eklesiis mniS-

vnelobis warmoCena~ surT.

saerTaSoriso konferenciaze, romelic saqarTveloSi

qristianobis oc saukunes eZRvneboda, istoriis institu-

tis direqtori d. musxeliSvili wardga moxsenebiT, qarTu-

li eklesia da saxelmwifo teritoria Sua saukuneebSi~,

sadac brZana: `qarTuli eklesiis kulturul-ideolo-

giuri prozelitizmi winaswar qmnida mkvidr niadags

politikuri procesebis warmatebiT ganviTarebisaTvis~.

(d. musxeliSvili, 2005, gv. 33).

aRsaniSnavia, rom Cveni saxelmwifosa da eklesiis ara-

keTilismsurvelebma, gansakuTrebiT ki - separatistma

ideologebma, imTaviTve aitaces Cveni axali istoriografi-

is qarTizaciis~ Teoriis daskvnebi saqarTvelos eklesiis

prozelitizmis Sesaxeb. isini vrcel samecniero naSromeb-

Si (maT Soris, qvemoT ganvixilavT `pravoslavnaia enciklo-

pedias~ statiebs) amtkiceben, rom saqarTvelos esa Tu is

kuTxe istoriulad araqarTuli regionia da, Sesabamisad,

qarTvelebs istoriuli ufleba ara aqvs am kuTxeebze.

Cven ki vacxadebT: SeuZlebelia, saqarTvelos wmida ek-

lesia prozelituri yofiliyo, ratom? istoriulad si-

8

tyva `prozeliti~ erqva iudaur sarwmunoebaze miqceul

warmarTs, magram, amJamad, `prozelituri~ eklesia iseTs

ewodeba, romelic iWreba sxva eklesiis samrevloSi misi mis-

akuTrebis mizniT. aseTi qmedeba ki, msoflio saeklesio

kanonebiT miuRebeli iyo da aris. magaliTad, mociqulTa

35-e kanoni brZanebs: episkoposma ar unda gabedos xeldasx-

ma Tavisi samrevlos gareT, qalaqebsa da soflebSi, rom-

lebic ar eqvemdebarebian mis eklesias. xolo Tu igi mx-

ilebuli iqneba unda ganikveTos isic da mis mis mier xel-

dasxmulebic~ (`didi sjulis kanoni~, saqarTvelos eklesi-

is kalendari, 1987, gv. 166).

mociqulTa am kanons kidev ufro amtkicebs 381 wels kon-

stantinopolSi mowveuli II msoflio krebis me-2 kanoni: ek-

lesiaTa keTilad gangebisa da mSvidobisaTvis arcerT

episkoposs aqvs ufleba, gascdes Tavisi eklesiis sazRvrebs

da SeiWras sxva eklesiis sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdinos

eklesiebis aRreva. kanonis Tanaxmad, aleqsandriis episko-

posi unda ganagebdes mxolod egviptis eklesiebs... pontoe-

li episkoposni unda marTavdnen mxolod pontos eklesie-

bs, xolo Trakiis episkoposni - mxolod Trakiis eklesie-

bs. episkoposi ar unda gavides Tavisi samTavros eklesiis

farglebidan xeldasxmisaTvis~ (iqve, gv. 210).

III msoflio krebis mamebma kidev ufro dabejiTebiT

damoZRvres eklesiaTa meTaurebi ar daemorCilebinaT sx-

visi samwyso: nurc erTi episkoposi nu miitacebs sxva epar-

qias, romelic Tavidanve da ZvelTaganve ar emorCileboda

mas da ar iyo mis winamorbed saydrismpyrobelTa gamgeblo-

bis qveS, xolo Tu vinme miitacebs sxvis eparqias iZulebiT,

ganTavisuflebuli unda iyos igi, raTa ar dairRves mama-

Ta kanonebi~, (III msoflio krebis me-8 kanoni, saqarTvelos

eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 212).

9

imaves wers da aRniSnavs sxva saeklesio kanonebic. Tu

qarTuli eklesia prozelituri iyo da mas ZvelTaganve ar

emorCileboda dasavleT saqarTvelos, aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos erTi nawilis, samxreT saqarTvelos sxvisi

samwysoebi, qarTulma eklesiam ki miiTvisa isini, amiT dau-

rRvevia msoflio saeklesio kanonebi, kerZod, mociqulTa

35-e, II msoflio krebis me-2, III msoflio krebis me-8, karT-

agenis 74-e da sxva kanonebi, da gana kanondamrRvevi ekle-

sia SeiZleba yofiliyo marTali da marTlmadidebluri,

riTac amayobdnen saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida mamebi? rom-

lis Sesaxeb, jer kidev VI s-Si miuTiTebda prokofi kesari-

eli, rom qarTvelebi marTlmadideblobis wesebs yvelaze

ukeT icavdnen, somexi ierarqebi werdnen, rom qarTvelebi

amayoben TavianTi sarwmunoebrivi siwmidiT da TavianTi

saeklesio upiratesobiT.

qarTuli eklesia ki, Turme, arRvevda umTavres saekle-

sio kanonebs da sxvis iurisdiqciaSi iWreboda. enciklope-

dia wers: `dasavleT saqarTveloSi gabatonda qarTuli

eklesia da mRvdelmsaxurebac qarTul enaze sruldeboda,

ramac didad Seuwyo xeli dasavleT saqarTveloSi `qarTi-

zaciis~ process~ (qse, tomi saq. ssr~, 1981 w., gv. 61). ase wers

axali qarTuli istoriografiis oficialuri organo.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTuli eklesiis `gaba-

tonebamde~, Cveni XX s-is istorikosebis mtkicebiT, Tur-

me arsebobda egrisisa da afxazeTis eklesiebi, romlebic

imyofebodnen konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi. IX sauku-

neSi mcxeTis sakaTalikosos `gabatonebis~ Sedegad, kon-

stantinopolis sapatriarqos, TiTqosda, daukargavs mTe-

li dasavleT saqarTvelos momcveli es mniSvnelovani

samitropolitoebi da saepiskoposoebi.

10

oficialuri istorikosi wers: `es saeklesio gamoyofa,

rogorc vTqviT, erTbaSad ar momxdara. jer xorcieldeba

egris-afxazeTis eklesiebis gaerTianeba, rogorc konstan-

tinopolis samwysoSi Semavali eparqiisa, romelsac saTa-

veSi afxazTa kaTalikosi edga (VIII s. bolo an IX s. dasawyi-

si); Semdeg, IX saukuneSi (safiqrebelia, ufro mis pirvel

naxevarSive), dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia gamoeyofa

konstantinopols da mcxeTis taxts uerTiandeba, xolo

afxazTa kaTalikosi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoss

eqvemdebareba. konstantinopolidan gamoyofis Semdeg,

iwyeba berZnuli kaTedrebis moSla da maT sapirispirod

qarTuli saepiskoposo centrebis daarseba. es saek-

lesio reforma, n. berZeniSvilis varaudiT, sabolood

X saukuneSi sruldeba~ (saqarTvelos istoriis narkveve-

bi, t. II, 1973, gv. 427).

Tu rogori reaqciuli iyo qarTuli eklesiis es `pro-

zelitizmi~, anu maTi azriT, konstantinopolis sapatri-

arqos iurisdiqciaSi SeWra - amis Sesaxeb Cveni oficial-

uri istoriografia wers: `qarTvelebi aqedan sdevnian

berZnul enas, berZnul viwro erovnul kulturas, SemoaqvT

da avrceleben sakuTar, qarTul enas, qarTul RvTismsax-

urebas da qarTul saeklesio-samonastro wesebs. qarTul

kulturas Tan mohqonda qarTuli politikuri Segneba da

ideali, ase rom mcxeTa jer enobrivad (eTnikur elementze

dayrdnobiT) SeiWra lixT-imereTSi, xolo Semdeg, rogorc

Cans, es saintereso formula wamoayena Tavisi organiza-

ciuli gabatonebis dasasafuZvleblad - `qarTlia~ iq, sa-

dac mRvdelTmsaxureba qarTul enazea (mxolod `kviri-

eleisoni~ SeiZleba berZnulad). mironis kurTxeva

`qarTls~ ganeweseba. maS qarTls nakurTxi mironi

11

savaldebuloa yvela im eklesiisaTvis, sadac mRvdelTm-

saxureba qarTul enazea. cxadia, mcxeTis sakaTalikosos

mxriv, es aris kanonikuri safuZvlebis dacviT kon-

stantinopolis sapatriarqos winaaRmdeg mimarTu-

li brZola lixT-imereTis eklesiaze organizaciu-

lad gabatonebis mizniT~ (T. papuaSvili, 1973, gv. 586).

am umarTebulo mosazrebis sapirispirod XX saukunis

bolos qarTulma saeklesio istoriografiam sul sxvag-

varad axsna is procesebi, romelnic mimdinareobdnen VIII-

IX saukuneebSi hereTSi, tao-klarjeTsa da dasavleT

saqarTveloSi (ix. mitropoliti a. jafariZe, 1996-1999).

sabWoTa kavSiris sazRvrebis Caketilobis gamo berZnul

samyaroSi, da maT Soris, konstantinopolis sapatri-

arqoSic, XX saukunis bolosac ar icnobdnen iqamde sruli-

ad axal sabWoTa saistorio Teorias qarTuli eklesiis

prozelitizmisa da misi konstantinopolis sapatriarqos

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli brZolis Sesaxeb~ (sabWouri sityve-

bia). cnobili berZeni kanonistis - mitropolit maqsimes

wigni `saqarTvelos eklesia da misi avtokefalia~ (1966),

ar flobs cnobebs amasTan dakavSirebiT.

SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva, ra problemebi Seeqmneba

saqarTvelos eklesias samomavlod, Tu konstantinopolis

sapatriarqo, an ucxoeTis romelime eklesia, oficialu-

rad aRiarebs aRniSnul Teorias qarTuli eklesiis SeWris

Sesaxeb iqamde konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi myof

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, es Teoria xom ar SeuqmniT maT

myar samarTlebriv safuZvels, raTa cnon da aRiaron sep-

aratistuli eklesiebi afxazeTsa da dasavleT saqarTve-

los sxva kuTxeebSi.

12

meore mxriv, es Teoria iZleva karg saSualebas da masze

dayrdnobiT ukve aqezeben am kuTxeTa separatist moazrov-

neebs, raTa dedaeklesiad aRiaron ara saqarTvelos wmida

eklesia, aramed konstantinopolis sapatriarqo.

mravalgzis aRiniSna, rom ucxoeTSi es Teoria yvelaze

ufro metad gaitana da gaavrcela `pravaslavnaia enci-

klopediam~.

arasodes, arcerT saukuneSi, konstantinopolis sapa-

triarqos ar gamouTqvams araviTari Tvalsazrisi, anda

SeniSvnac ki dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTuli eklesiis Se-

Wris Sesaxeb. es rom ase yofiliyo, qarTul-bizantiuri

aTaswlovani saeklesio urTierTobis dros, amis Sesaxeb,

erTxel mainc, gamoiTqmoda Tundac mcire SeniSvna.

saqme is aris, rom konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi my-

ofi fazisis samitropolito da misi oTxi saepiskoposo,

romelic TiTqosda qarTuli eklesiis mier iyvnen gauqme-

bulni, sinamdvileSi mdebareobdnen ara dasavleT

saqarTveloSi, aramed qarTveli eris uZveles qveyanaSi,

romelsac trapzonis olqi ewoda, iqamde ki mas erqva

`qaldea~, sofeli megrelTa~. iq trapzonis olqSi mdebare

Woroxis, anu fasisis marcxena sanapiroze mdebareobdnen

fasisis samitropolito da misi saepiskoposoebi - ro-

dopolisisa, saisinisa, petronisa da ziganasi, rogorc es

kargad aris garkveuli n. adoncis mier.

fazisis samitropolito konstantinopolis iurisdiq-

ciaSi imyofeboda da rogorc iTqva, trabzonis olqSi mde-

bareobda. misi iurisdiqcia, TiTqmis, Woroxamde aRwevda.

rac Seexeba miwa-wyals Woroxidan vidre mdinare egris-

wyalamde (vaxtang gorgaslis Semdgom mdinare klisuramde)

- is wmida ninos droidanve qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiq-

13

ciaSi imyofeboda. ase rom, Cveni Zveli saeklesio mati-

aneebis cnobebiT, dasavleT saqarTveloSi imTaviTve,

ZvelTaganve saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcia vrcelde-

boda. sxva saeklesio wyaroebTan erTad, amis Sesaxeb xaz-

gasmiT miuTiTebda `ruis-urbnisis~ sakanonmdeblo kreb-

is Zegliswera _ `andria pirvelwodebulma saxareba

iqadaga yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa~ (`didi

sjulis kanoni~, 1975, gv. 545), xolo wmida ninom qristia-

nul sarwmunoebaze moaqcia `yoveli savseba yovlisa

qarTvelTa naTesavisa~ (iqve, gv. 546).

ruis-urbnisis krebis wmida mamebis TvalsazrisiT, dasav-

leT saqarTvelo mudam istoriuli saqarTvelo iyo, rom-

lis mosaxleoba, aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan erTad moaq-

cia wmida ninom. amaves werda gelasi kesarieli VI s-Si, rom

tyve qalma moaqcia iberebi da lazebi. maSasadame, dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi saeklesio iurisdiqcia imTaviTve mcx-

eTis xelSi iyo da ara konstantinopolisa. dasavleT

saqarTvelo eklesiurad rodesme konstantinopolis

iurisdiqciaSi rom yofiliyo, amis Sesaxeb uTuod Semor-

Ceboda pirdapiri an iribi cnobebi TviT berZnul wyaroeb-

Sive, an raime sayvedurnarevi miniSneba mainc berZeni ier-

arqebisa, aseTi ki ar arsebobs. magaliTad, konstantinop-

olis patriarqi nikoloz mistikosi Zalze Tbil da mego-

brul werilebs werda afxazTa mefes - giorgi II-s X sauku-

nis Sua wlebSi, roca sabWoTa istorikosebis azriT, mis

samefoSi, TiTqosda, `brZola iyo gaCaRebuli konstanti-

nopolis sapatriarqos winaaRmdeg~. ase rom yofiliyo,

konstantinopolis patriarqi nikoloz mistikosi rogorme

moaxerxebda protestis gancxadebas qarTuli eklesiis moy-

14

varul afxazTa mefis - giorgi II-isadmi (922-957), (ix., misi

werilebi giorgi II-isadmi georgika, IV, nakveTi II);

erTi sityviT, wyaroebi ar adastureben sabWour

Tvalsazriss.

aRmosavleTSi, baton daviT musxeliSvilis Tval-

sazrisiT, TviT wmida ninos `saqmianoba~ TiTqosda mima-

rTuli iyo iqiTken, rom hereTSi mcxovrebi `araqarTuli

mosaxleoba~ (albanelebi) gaeqarTvelebina. Cemi azriT,

aseTi warmodgena wmida ninosi Zalze ucnauria. d. musx-

eliSvili wers: `bodbe, sujeTisa da kambeCovanis sazR-

varze, mefe mirianis dros axladSemoerTebuli qveyana iyo,

aq albanelebic (herebi) cxovrobdnen ... maTi saboloo asim-

ilacia drois ambavi iyo~ (d. musxeliSvili, 2003, gv. 38). e.i.

mas miaCnia, rom bodbe da misi regioni axladSemoerTebu-

li qveyana iyo da is albanelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli da ga-

nagrZobs _ `Cans, mirian mefis da wmida ninos intensiuri

kulturul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba mimarTuli

hereTSi qarTuli qristianobis gavrcelebisaken... romel-

ic winaaRmdegobas awydeboda, ara mxolod alvanelTagan,

aramed somxebisganac~ (iqve, gv. 38). sxva sityvebiT rom vTq-

vaT, wmida nino, TiTqosda, aqarTvelebda~ her-alvanelebs

da somxebsac.

Cveni mecnieris am mosazrebis sapirispirod, movses

xorenacs mTeli mosaxleoba `klarjeTidan masquTebamde~

(klarjeTidan kaspiis zRvispireTSi mcxovreb tom masquTe-

bamde) - eTnikur qarTvelebad miaCnia (sadac iqadaga wmida

ninom) da ara somxebad, anda albanelebad (herebad), rogorc

warmoadgina sabWoTa istoriografiam.

somxuri saistorio mwerlobis mama, somexTa herodot-

ed wodebuli movses xorenaci V s-Si werda: `sanatreli nune

15

wavida iqedan (e.i. mcxeTidan), raTa Tavisi advilgasagebi

saubriT qarTvelTa (!) qveynis sxva kuTxeebic daemoZRvra.

gavbedav da vityvi, rom nune mociquli qali gaxda. man

iqadaga saxareba klarjeTidan dawyebuli vidre alanTa da

kaspiis karamde. masquTTa sazRvrebamde, rogorc amas aga-

Tangelozi gauwyebs Sen~ (m. xorenaci, 1984, gv. 172).

wmida ninos albanelebi (igive herebi, d. musxeliSvilis

azriT) rom gaeqristianebina, rogorme xorenaci miuTiTeb-

da amis Sesaxeb, magram is sul sxva raimes gvauwyebs, ker-

Zod, sazRvravs qarTvelebis eTnikur gansaxlebas - esaa

klarjeTdan vidre alanTa da kaspiis karamde, vidre mas-

quTTa sazRvramde - am sazRvrebSi qarTvelebi saxloben,

maT uqadaga wmida ninom; masquTebis qveynamde, e.i. mtkvar-

araqsis SesarTavamde mcxovrebi herebi m. xorenacs eTni-

kur qarTvelebad miaCnia da ara albanelebad.

d. musxeliSvili fiqrobs, rom wmida ninos prozelitiz-

mis simbolo~ aRumarTavs axlad SemoerTebul albanur

qalaq bodisSi (e.i. sadRac ujarma - bodbeSi) da wers - mgo-

nia ase unda gavigoT wmida ninos gadawyvetileba, rom

jvari - qristianuli prozelitizmis simbolo - droebiT

`aRimarTos igi ujarmas qalaqsa da daba bodisi ara win

aRudges qalaqsa mas mefeTasa, rameTu erisa simravle ars

mun~ (d. musxeliSvili, 2003, gv. 39).

ase iqca daviT musxeliSvilis sityviT, `ori faqtobri-

vad eTnikurad erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli qveyana erT

kulturul erTeulad~ (iqve, gv. 41). aqedan Cans, rom sab-

WoTa epoqis istorikosebis azriT, wmida nino qarTlis gar-

da, albaneTSic moRvaweobda da man albaneTis qveynis erTi

nawili qarTul eklesias SemouerTa. bodbis miCneva ara

qarTlis, aramed albaneTis qalaqad, qarTul wyaroebs ewi-

naaRmdegeba.

16

wmida nino, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelia da ara al-

banelebisa.

jvari ar aris prozelitizmis simbolo, qarTul ekle-

sias jvari prozelituri mizniT arasodes gamouyenebia,

miT umetes, araqarTuli tomebis `asimilacia - gaqar-

Tvelebis~ mizniT.

aseTi mosazreba usafuZvloa, igi ar eyrdnoba wyaroebs.

`pravoslavnaia enciklopediis~ mixedviTac, Tavda-

pirvelad, herebi imyofebodnen albaneTis sakaTalikosos

iurisdiqciaSi da isini ar iyvnen qarTvelebi. sainteresoa,

rom miuxedavad am oficialuri mosazrebis arsebobisa,

Tbilisidan, amJamad, dabejiTebiT unergaven saingilos

mosaxleobas Tvalsazriss, rom isini herebi arian. Tum-

ca, aqamde, ingiloebma TavianTi herobis Sesaxeb araferi

icodnen da isini TavianT Tavs aRmosavleT kaxeTis mo-

saxleobad miiCnevdnen. amJamad ki, Tvalsazrisi, rom in-

giloebi herebi arian, Zalze gavrcelda. amis paralelu-

rad, azerbaijaneli istorikosebi da mecnierebi amtki-

ceben, rom herebi da albanelebi erTi araqarTuli xalxi

iyo da isini iyvnen azerbaijaneli xalxis winaprebi. am

mosazrebidan gamomdinare, isini Tvlian, rom albanuri

kultura azerbaijanuli kulturis sakuTrebaa, romel-

ic Semdgom qarTulma eklesiam miisakuTra. maSasadame, in-

giloebi Tu herebi arian, isini amis gamo azerbaijanul

tomad moiazreba.

`qarTizaciis Teoriis~ gacnobis Semdeg, ucxoelT eqmne-

baT STabeWdileba qarTvelTa imperializmis~ Sesaxeb, rom

TiTqos, maT patara erebi~ hyavT dapyrobili; magaliTad,

n. quTelia amasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `internetis vebsai-

tebze musirebs Tema - megrelebi da svanebi patara erebi

17

yofilan da qarTvel `okupantebs daupyriaT~ da axla maT

enebs ganviTarebis saSualebas ar aZleven. arsebobs doq-

trina~ - ar arsebobs qarTveli eri, arsebobs calkeul

tomTa konglomerati~ (n. quTelia, 2005, gv. 273).

araTu ucxoelebi, TviT qarTvelebi e.w. `qarTizaciis

Teoriis~ gacnobis Semdeg, iviwyeben nacionalur intersebs

da kuTxurobis apologetebi xdebian. amis erTi kargi ma-

galiTia a. liparteliani, romelmac 1994 wels gamosca wigni

`svanur-qarTuli leqsikoni, Coloruli kilo~. a. lipar-

teliani Tavisi wignis SesavalSi wers: `aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi iberebis moqmedebiT ganadgurda svanuri mo-

saxleoba~ (a. liparteliani, 1994, gv. 10). Sdr., sxva msgavsi

citatebi misi wignidan: `mirianma sastikad dasaja es he-

nioxi heri - wanari - svanebi, vinc Jletas gadaurCa, ayara

da daasaxla axlandel teritoriaze, rbevas gadarCa al-

baneTis mosazRvre teritoria~ (iqve, gv. 11). ai, amonaridebi

misi wignidan: herebis kulturul-eTnikuri Serwyma qar-

Tul tomebTan, herebis asimilireba daiwyo Zv.w. II-I sa-

ukuneebis mijnaze~ (saq. ist. nark. t. II, gv. 402).

a. liparteliani Tavis wignSive uTiTebs misi azrebis

wyaros - esaa niko mari.

a. liparteliani imowmebs niko maris rusulenovan

wignebs - niko mari, mogzauroba svaneTSi~ (1911-1912) da n.

mari, xe-mcenareulobis iafeturi saxelebi~ (1913).

`qarTizaciis Teoria~, rogorc cnobilia, XX saukune-

Si daefuZna q. patkanovisa da n. maris mosazrebebs. pat-

kanov-maris Teoriis~ saSiSroebis Sesaxeb jer kidev didi

ilia marTali brZanebda, da sxvaTa Soris, amasve miu-

TiTebdnen student ivane javaxiSvils misi mSoblebi im wer-

18

ilebSi, romelsac werdnen TavianT axalgazrda vaJiSvils

(werilebi gamoqveynebulia).

TiTqos, Cvens Temas exmianeba didi konstantine gamsax-

urdia Tavis cnobil werilSi: `troaseuli cxeni~ (akad.

niko maris werilis gamo) wers - arsad iseTi feldefeluri

morCilebiT ar ixris qeds sazogadoebrivi azri avtori-

tetian `universitetis profesorebis~ winaSe, rogorc

CvenSi, radgan yvelaze naklebad CvenSi SeugniaT ucilo

WeSmariteba goeTes didi sityvebisa: xSirad didi adami-

ani did gemsaviT Secdomebis did zolebs tovebs Tavis sar-

bielze~ (k. gamsaxurdia, `troaseuli cxeni~, Txz. t.VIII,

1967, gv.140).

Cven, cxadia, qeds vixriT im didi adamianebis winaSe,

romelTac SevexeT Cvens werilSi, magram mxolod im

gulistkiviliT, rom ar daiSalos Cveni erovnuli saxli,

radganac wmida werilSi nabrZanebia: Tu samefo Tvisive

Tavis winaaRmdeg daiyofa, is samefo veRar gaZlebs~

(markozi, 3, 24).

Tu Cveni didi adamianebi yvela qarTul Temsa da toms

sakuTar winapars gamouZebnian - magaliTad, ingiloebsa

da kaxelebs - her-albanelebs, fSav-xevsurebs - vainaxebs

(z. didebuliZe, 1983, gv. 33-34), qvemo qarTlelebs - somx-

ebs, dasavlel qarTvelebs - adiRe-Cerqerzebs da a.S. Tu

ganacxadeben, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi sxva eTnosi

Camoyalibda, romelic Semdeg `qarTizebul~ iqna _ eri -

saxelmwifo daiyofa. miT umetes, rom wyaroebi, Tu maT

kargad da sworad wavikiTxavT, mikerZoebis gareSe, ar iZl-

eva amis uflebas, piriqiT, Cveni wyaroebi: `moqcevai

qarTlisai~ Tu `qarTlis cxovreba~ RaRadeben, rom

qristes Sobamde Seqmnili erTiani saqarTvelos - `qarT-

19

lis samefos~ mosaxleoba imTaviTve iyo qarTveli xalxi

da am saxelmwifos Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari mdinare

egriswyalze gadioda azonisa da farnavazis dros.

Tu ras niSnavs wyaros es miTiTeba, gvixsnis wmida ambrosi

xelaia: `jer kidev araqristiani qarTuli tomis

modgmebma Seqmnes patara sivrciT, magram Zlieri

nebisyofiT _ saxelmwifo, romelic cnobilia isto-

riaSi saqarTvelos saxeliT erTaderTi matarebe-

li wina aziaSi qristianuli kulturisa da evropu-

li humanizmisa~ (a. xelaia, 1990).

maSasadame, kaTalikos-patriarq wmida ambrosi xelaiasa

da zogadad saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis Tvalsazrisi ase-

Ti iyo: jer kidev gaqristianebamde, I-IV saukuneebamde,

qarTvelTa modgmam Seqmna dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los momcveli erTiani saxelmwifo, matarebeli erTiani

qarTuli kulturisa.

sabWoTa imperias Cveni didi adamianebisaTvis Tavisufa-

li muSaobis saSualeba rom mieca, saWiro ar iqneboda Cveni

mosazrebebis gamoTqma da arc wmida eklesia ganaCenda Sem-

degs: `dauSvebelia istoriis gayalbeba - megrelebi-

sa da svanebis mwignobrobisa da qristianuli kul-

turis armqoneebad gamocxadeba da am kuTxis Svileb-

isaTvis XXI saukuneSi bibliis Targmna, rac upirve-

les yovlisa miznad isaxavs eris gaTiSvas da qveynis

mTlianobis darRvevis mcdelobas~ (wm. sinodis sxdo-

mis oqmi, 23, 2005, sapatriarqos uwyebani, #45, gv. 7).

amJamad, garkveuli qarTuli wreebi ise warmoadgenen

saqmes, TiTqosda pravoslavnaia enciklopediaSi~ mxolod

tao-klarjeTis eTnikuri da kulturuli saxe iyos damax-

injebuli. sinamdvileSi, aq, saqarTvelos yoveli kuTxis

20

da saerTod, qarTveli eris istoria gayalbebulia,

rogorc TandarTuli literaturis CamonaTvalidan Cans,

statiebis avtorebi qarTul oficialur istoriografias

eyrdnobodnen. `pravoslavnaia enciklopedias~ mixedviT,

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mcxeTis aRmosavleTiT mdebare

mxareebi, istoriuli albaneTis miwa-wyladaa gamocxade-

buli, albanelebi ki - azerbaijaneli eris winaprebad mi-

iCneva, herebi - albaneli xalxis erT-erT jgufadaa war-

modgenili. bodbe, gurjaani, saingilo da maxlobeli mxa-

reebi - albanelebis, anu azerbaijanelebis winaprebis is-

toriul sacxovrisad moiazreba.

saqme isaa, rom aseT mosazrebas safuZvlad udevs eklesi-

is istoriis gayalbeba, wyaroebze zewola, misi monacemeb-

is TviTneburi interpretirebiT kardinaluri daskvnebis

miReba, jer TviT saqarTvelos mecnierTa mier da Semdgom

maTi damowmebiT ucxoel avtorTa mier.

kerZod, `pravoslavnaia enciklopediaSi~ statia `al-

baneTis sakaTalikosos~ rukis mixedviT, mcxeTis aRmosav-

leTiT mdebare miwa-wyali (kaxeTi) - albaneTis sakaTali-

kosos iurisdiqciaSi Semaval teritoriad miiCneva.

aseve, pravoslavnaia enciklopediaSi~ statiaSi - ala-

niis samitropolito~ aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiane-

Ti, kerZod, leningoris, yazbegis da mimdebare miwa-wya-

li warmodgenilia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos

iurisdiqciis qveS myof alaniis samitropolitos iuris-

diqciaSi, mravali qarTuli eklesia-monasteri, da rac

mTavaria, miwa-wyali alanur konstantinopoluradaa

gamocxadebuli.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi (amave enciklopediis statia

`afxazeTis sakaTalikosos~ azriT), arabebis dros, TiTqos-

21

da, gadasaxlda aRmosavleT saqarvelos mosaxleoba da iq

Seitana qarTuli ena da kultura. es imis Sedegad moxda,

rom iqamde `konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi myof~

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, TiTqosda, SeiWra mcxeTa da iq

gabatonda.

afxazi saeklesio separatistebic am Tvalsazriss ari-

an CaWidebulni; axlaxan gamoica afxazeTis marTlmadide-

bluri eklesiis mokle narkvevi~ mRvdel-monazon doroTe

dbaris avtorobiT, sadac damowmebulia pravoslavnaia en-

ciklopediis~ aRniSnuli statia - qarTvelebis dasavleT

saqarTveloSi gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb VIII-X saukuneebSi. av-

tori eWvmiutanel faqtad miiCnevs Tvalsazriss, rom

dasavleT saqarTvelo konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi

imyofeboda da iq RvTismsaxurebisaTvis eklesiebSi aramx-

olod berZnuli, aramed afxazuri enac gamoiyeneboda,

xolo Semdeg, TiTqosda, afxazuri eklesia da afxazuri

saxelmwifo qarTvelma agresorebma qarTuli eklesiis

winamZRolobiT daipyres da afxazuri eklesia Cakles (ix.

wignSi Иермонах Дорофей ~Дбар` (Краткий очерк историиАбхаской Православной Церкви) Новий Афон7 @__%`8

`pravoslavnaia enciklopediis~ tomeulebSi, dasavleT

saqarTvelos msgavsad, samxreT saqarTveloc araqarTul

qveynadaa gamocxadebuli, sadac, TiTqosda, qarTuli ek-

lesiis gabatonebis Semdeg moxda mkvidri `somxebis~

gaqarTveleba.

`somxebis~ gaqarTvelebis Tvalsazrisi~ imdenadaa gavr-

celebuli, rom man ukve qarTul saeklesio gamocemebSic

SeaRwia. magaliTad, kirion I kaTalikosma qvemo qarTlSi

`araqarTuli mosaxleobis gasaqarTveleblad mar-

jved gamoiyena politikuri viTareba~ (`saqarTvelos

22

kaTolikos-patriarqebi~, Tb, 2000. gv. 28). somexi avtore-

bi, da ara mxolod isini, aseT statiebs safuZvlad udeben

Teorias, rom qvemo qarTli da saerTod samxreT saqarTve-

lo somxuri qveyana iyo, romelic qarTuli eklesiis mier

`gaqarTvelda~. Tu gadavSliT aRniSnuli statiis avtoris

uamrav Zvel Sromas da mis wignebs, yvelgan saubaria somex-

Ta gaqarTvelebis~ Sesaxeb. esaa Teoria, romelic qarTu-

li sabWoTa oficialuri istoriografiisaTvis ueWvel

dogmad iqca da mas aviTarebda bolo saukunis manZilze.

erTi sityviT pravoslavnaia enciklopedias~ sxvadasx-

va tomSi gamoqveynebuli statiebi aris marcxi qarTuli

Tanamedrove istoriografiisa. mosalodneli iyo, rom

samecniero wreebi am sakiTxis gansaxilvelad gamarTavd-

nen seminarebs da moxdeboda samecniero azris urTierT-

gacvla, magram moxda am statiebis ignorireba.

saqme isaa, rom Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografias,

romelic eyrdnoba `qarTizacia - gaqarTvelebis~ Teor-

ias (rac TiTqos eklesiis winamZRolobiT qarTis tomma

VIII-X saukuneebSi moaxdina), ar SeuZlia, amJamad, am sak-

iTxis gadaWra.

axali qarTuli istoriografia am sakiTxis gadaWras Se-

Zlebs, Tu is gaiziarebs Zveli qarTveli istorikosebis

Tvalsazriss, rom qarTveli xalxi Camoyalibda ara VIII-X

saukuneebSi, eklesiis meoxebiT, mezobeli tomebis qarTi-

zaciis Sedegad, aramed, rom istoriaSi gamoCenis dros

qarTveli xalxi warmoadgenda eTnikur mTlianobas,

erT xalxs, erTi eniTa da kulturiT, romlis sacx-

ovrisi moicavda dasavleT, aRmosavleT da samxreT

saqarTvelos, rom imTaviTve qarTvelebi iyvnen ara

mxolod S ida qarTlis mos axleoba, a ramed -

23

egriselebi, svanebi, kaxelebi da samxreT saqarTve-

los mosaxleoba, rom maT hqondaT erTi ena (sustad

diferencirebuli fuZe qarTuli ena) romelsac

daeyrdno saRvTismsaxuro liturgikuli ena (qris-

tianobis gavrcelebis Semdeg), rom mxolod Semdgom

daiwyo am erTiani enis SigniT dialeqtebis warmo-

qmna. aseTi viTareba ar aris umagaliTo (magaliTad, erTi

slavi xalxi, erTiani eniT mxolod gaqristianebis Semdeg

daiyo sxvadasxva did enobriv jgufebad).

faqti erTiani qarTveli xalxis qristeSobamde arsebo-

bis Sesaxeb, dafiqsirebulia Zvel qarTul wyaroebSi, ma-

galiTad, roca `moqcevai qarTlisai~ wers, rom azoni

daadgines mefed mTeli istoriuli saqarTvelosi, rom misi

pirveli erTiani qarTlis samefos~ dasavleT sazRvari ga-

dioda mdinare egriswyalze, es cnoba gulisxmobs, rom

egriswyalTan mdebare egrisi qarTlis samefos nawili iyo,

xolo misi mosaxleoba qarTveli eris nawili.

pirveli erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebi ase-

Ti iyo: `sazRvari daudva mas hereTi da egriswyali

da somxeTi da mTa crolisa~ (`moqcevai qarTlisai~,

Zegl. I, 1964, gv. 81). amave Tvalsazriss atarebs `qarTlis

cxovreba~, misi yvela mefe uklebliv, farnavazidan vax-

tang gorgaslamde, flobda dasavleT saqarTvelos, maSas-

adame dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba imTaviTve

qarTveloba iyo (Cveni saeklesio wyaroebis cnobiT) da am

mosaxleobas ar esaWiroeboda araviTari `qarTizacia -

gaqarTveleba~ (a. jafariZe, 1994, gv. 62, 65). rogorc aRin-

iSna, amave Tvalsazriss gamoTqvams ruis-urbnisis krebis

Zegliswerac, sadac andria pirvelwodebuli mTeli

saqarTvelos momaqcevlad, xolo wmida nino mTeli qarTve-

li eris gamaqristianeblad iwodeba.

24

Tu am Zvel istorikosTa Tvalsazriss ar gaiziarebs

oficialuri istoriografia, cxadia, ver SeZlebs pravo-

slavnaia enciklopediisa~ da verc separatistTa miznebis

jerovan Sefasebas.

yovelive zemoTqmuli ase SegviZlia SevajamoT:

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis mTlianobis dar-

Rvevis mizniT, ruseTis imperiis wiaRSi SemuSavda Sexed-

uleba saqarTvelos eklesiis prozeliturobis Sesaxeb,

romlis arsi Semdegia: IX-X ss-Si aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

eklesiam arakanonikurad daiqvemdebara konstantinopo-

lis iurisdiqciis qveS myofi dasavleT saqarTvelos mom-

cveli fazisis samitropolitos, tao-klarjeTis, albane-

Tis (hereTis) saepiskoposoebi da aseve, aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos mTianeTSi konstantinopolis iurisdiqcia-

Si myofi alaniis samitropolitos eklesiebi... es Tval-

sazrisi kargad gamoixata moskovSi 2000-06 wlebSi dastam-

bul `pravoslavnaia enciklopediis~ statiebSi, romelTa

ZiriTadi safuZveli aris sabWoTa istorikosTa naSrome-

bi (asaxuli qarTul sabWoTa enciklopediasa da sxva

gamocemebSi).

amgvar Sexedulebas araviTari istoriuli safuZve-

li ara aqvs. kerZod, Zveli qarTuli matianeebisa da saek-

lesio istoriografiis mravali dokumentiT dasturde-

ba, rom organizaciulad, CamoyalibebisTanave, saqarTve-

los eklesiis iurisdiqcia moicavda saqarTveloSi Semaval

25

yvela mxares: egriss, tao-klarjeTs, aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los, kavkasionis samxreT da CrdiloeT kalTebze arsebul

qarTul TemTa sacxovrisebs...

kvleva gviCvenebs, rom fazisis samitropolito mde-

bareobda ara qalaq foTSi, aramed mdinare Woroxis (fazi-

sis) marcxena sanapiros dasavleTiT mdebare trapizonis

olqSi. iqve mdebareobda fazisis samitropolitos oTxive

saepiskoposo da ara - dasavleT saqarTveloSi.

mcxeTis aRmosavleTi miwa-wyali mudam saqarTvelos

iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT,

da amitom iqadaga iq wmida ninom, rogorc movses xorenac-

ic wers, qarTvelTa Soris klarjeTidan masquTebamde

(amaves wers ruis-urbnisis krebis `Zegliswera~: andria

pirvelwodebulma saxareba iqadaga `yovelsa queyanasa

saqarTveloisa~, xolo wmida ninom qristianul sarwmunoe-

baze moaqcia `yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesav-

isa~, didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 545-546).

taosa da klarjeTis mosaxleoba IX-X ss-Si iyvnen

ara gaqarTvelebuli somxebi, aramed eTnikuri qarTvele-

bi, romlebic iqamde VI-VII ss-Si dampyrobelTa iZulebiT

imyofebodnen somxur-qalkedonuri eklesiis iurisdiq-

ciaSi, xelsayreli politikuri momentisTanave maT ga-

daigdes somxur-qalkedonuri eklesiis iurisdiqciis

uReli da daubrundnen TavianT mSobliur-erovnul

qarTul eklesias.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos mTianeTs - is arasodes

yofila konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi,

rogorc amas wyaroebi, aseve samxreT da CrdiloeT kavkasi-

is mTianeTis eklesiebis naSTebis warwerebi aCvenebs.

26

gamoyenebuli literatura:

k. gamsaxurdia - troaseuli cxeni (akad. n. marris

werilis gamo), Txz. t. VIII, 1967.

didi sjuliskanoni, Tbilisi, 1975.

didi sjuliskanoni, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalen-

dari, Tbilisi, 1987.

З8 Дидебулидзе - Культурние Dзаимосвязи7 !)(#8

m. vaCnaZe, v. guruli - iv. javaxiSvili, tiraniis sam-

sjavros winaSe, Tb., 2004.

r. TofCiSvili - qarTvelTa eTnikuri istoria, Tb., 2002.

Иермонах Дорофей ~Дбар` - Краткий очерк истории

Абхаской Православной Церкви7 Новий Афон7 @__%8

a. liparteliani - svanur-qarTuli leqsikoni, (Col-

oruli kilo), Tb., 1994.

d. musxeliSvili - saqarTvelo IV-VIII saukuneebSi, 2003.

d. musxeliSvili - qarTuli eklesia da saxelmwifo

teritoria Sua saukuneebSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

qristianuli kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri, II saerTa-

Soriso simpoziumi, 24-26 noemberi, 2005.

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. II, Tb., 1973.

T. papuaSvili - adrefeodaluri xanis qarTuli lit-

eratura da saistorio mwerloba, wignSi: `saqarTvelos

istoriis narkvevebi, t. II, Tb., 1973.

t. futkaraZe - qarTvelebi, nawili I, quTaisi, 2005.

n . quTelia - qarTuli ena, rogorc kulturul-

erovnuli da politikuri mTlianobis safuZveli, kre-

bulSi: axlo aRmosavleTi da saqarTvelo, IV, Tb., 2005.

27

a. xelaia - mimarTva genuis konferencias, Jurnali

mnaTobi, 1988.

m. xorenaci - somxeTis istoria, 1984.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe - saqarTvelos samo-

ciqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I-II, 1996-1999.

mitropoliti anania - qarTvelTa winaprebis bibli-

uri istoria adamidan iesomde, Tb., 1994.

28

Metropolitan Anania (Japaridze) - Head of the Chair of Theolo-gy of the Technical University of Georgia

The Dominant View in Soviet Historiography on Proselytismof the Georgian Church and its Criticism

SummaryIn order to destroy the unity of the Georgian Apostolic Church, Russian

imperial circles elaborated the view concerning the proselytism of the Geor-gian Church, namely, allegedly the Georgian Church existing only in the cen-tral part of eastern Georgia uncanonically subordinated (and georgianized thepopulation too): the Metropolitan Diocese of Phasis covering western Geor-gia being under the jurisdiction of Constantinople, southern Georgia (Tao-Klarjeti), the dioceses existing to the east of Mtskheta, being, in their view,under the jurisdiction of the Catholicosate of Albania (Hereti) and the church-es of the Metropolitan Diocese of Alania of eastern Georgian highland re-gions being under the jurisdiction of Constantinople…This view was expressedin the entries of “Pravaslavnaia entsiklopedia” published in 2000-2006 inMoscow, which are based mainly on works of Soviet historians (found inGeorgian Soviet Encyclopaedia and other publications).

The above-mentioned view is devoid of any historical foundation, in par-ticular, old Georgian annals and numerous documents of church historiogra-phy confirm that:

The jurisdiction of the Georgian Church immediately after its establish-ment and in the subsequent period covered all the areas forming part of Kartli/Georgia: Egrisi, historical Tao-Klarjeti, the eastern part of eastern Georgia,homelands of the Kartvelian communities existing on the southern and north-ern slopes of the Caucasus…The study shows that the Metropolitan Dioceseof Phasis was located not in the town of Poti but on the left bank of the RiverChorokhi (Phasis), which was within the Trapezus district. All the four dioces-

29

es of the Metropolitan Diocese of Phasis were also there, and not in westernGeorgia. The land to the east of Mtskheta has always been within the Geor-gian jurisdiction according to Georgian sources, that is why there, as MosesKhorenaci notes as well, St. Nino preached among the Georgians from Klarjetito Maskuts (cf. “Accounts of the Great Nomocanon”, pp.545-546: st. Andrewwho was first called preached the Gospel “in all the regions of Georgia”, and St.Nino converted to Christianity “all communities of the Kartvelian stock”). Sim-ilarly, the Georgian population of Tao and partially Klarjeti in the 9th-10th cc.were not Georgianized Armenians but ethnic Georgians who had found them-selves within the jurisdiction of the Armenian-Chalcedonic Church under thepressure of invaders in the 6th-7th cc. At a suitable moment they freed them-selves from the burden of the jurisdiction of the Armenian-Chalcedonic Churchand returned to their native and national Georgian Church. As regards the high-land region of Georgia, it has never been in the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate ofConstantinople, as evidenced by sources as well as inscriptions on the ruins ofchurches in the southern and northern Caucasian mountains.

30

Митрополит Анания ~Джапаридзе` - заведующийкафедрой теологии Грузинского Политехнического

университета

Господствовавший в советской историографиивзгляд о прозелитизме Грузинской Церкви и его

критикаРезюме

С целью нарушения единства Грузинской Апостольской Церкви

в недрах Российской империи был разработан взгляд о

прозелитарности Грузинской Церкви8 Сторонники этого взгляда

считают7 что существующая в центральной части Восточной Грузии

Грузинская Церковь IX-X вв8 незаконно подчинила d Западную

Грузию7 находящийся под юрисдикцией Константинополя Фазисский

митрополитат7 Южну. Грузию ~Тао-Кларджети 7 b находящиеся на

djcnjrt от Мцхета7 по их мнению7 под юрисдикцией Албанского

~Эретского каталикосата епископства7 nfr;t церкви Аланийского

митрополитата горной части Восточной Грузии7 находящиеся под

юрисдикцией Константинополя888 Эта точка зрения отчётливо

проявилась в статьях (Православной энциклопедии)7 напечатанной

в Москве в @___-_^ годах7 основой которых являются работы

советских учёных ~вошедшие в (Грузинскую советскую

энциклопедию) и других изданиях 8

Такие взгляды не имеют никакой исторической основы9 в

частности5 множеством документов грузинских летописей и

церковной историографией подтверждается5 в период

организационного формирования7 а также в последующие периоды

в юрисдикцию Грузинской Церкви входили все части Картли-Грузии5

Эгриси7 территория исторической Тао-Кларджети7 восточная часть

31

Восточной Грузии7 поселения7 населяющие южные и северные части

Кавказского хребта888 Исследования показывают7 что Фазисский

митрополитат находился не в Поти7 а на левом берегу реки Чорохи

~Фазиси 7 находящейся в Трапезундской области7 там же находились

все четыре епископства Фазисского митрополитата7 а не в Западной

Грузии8 По грузинским источникам находящиеся восточнее от

Мцхета земли всегда находились в юрисдикции Грузии8 Поэтому

проповедовала там7 как пишет об этом и Мовсес Хоренаци7 Святая

Нино7 среди грузин от Кларджети до Маскутов Андрей Первозванный

проповедовал Евангелие (в каждой стране Грузии)7 а Святая Нино

обратила в христианство (всех населяющих сродни всем грузинам) 8

~(Lblb Cl;ekbcrfyjyb)7 19757 cnh8 545-5468 yf uhep8 zpsrt`8

Грузинское население Тао и в частности Кларджети в IX-X вв8

представляло не огрузинившихся армян7 а этнических грузин7

которые в VI-VII вв8 под принуждением поработителей находились

в юрисдикции армяно-халкедонской церкви7 в подходящий

политически благоприятный момент они сбросили с себя ярмо

армяно-халкедонской церкви и вернулись к своей родной Грузинской

Церкви8 Что касается горной части Грузии7 она никогда не находилась

в юрисдикции Константинопольской патриархии7 о чём

свидетельствуют источники7 а также надписи на развалинах церквей

на юге и в горной части Северного Кавказа8

32

damkabadonebeli:

Tamar revaziSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa:

giorgi kereseliZekoba bakuria

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

Teologiis kaTedra

Tbilisi, m. kostavas 77