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Bruner, J, S. (1990). Acts of Meaning. MA: Harvard University Press.. . (.) (2001). - -

: . . . /.

Piaget, J. (1955). Growth of logical thinking. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul., . (2001). -

. , 11, , (24-25). : .

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1.

, , . - - , , , - , - , .

/-. , , , , - . - -/- :, , , , , .. . /- , - , , -, ,

, (Rogers, 1978).

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1989 , , , , - , - (Stradling, 1999).

, , , : , - , . Low-Beer (1997), - . , . : . , - , , , . , .

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2.

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| 146 | |

, . - Collingwood (1946) , . - , -. , (empathy). Marrou (1954), (sympathy) . , Prost (1996), , , , . - Primo Levi Se questo un uomo: ... , . - , , , , , - . - .

Barton & Levstik (2008) , , : - - , . - . , - , , - . , , . , - , - , . . ,

| 149 ||

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| 150 | |

, , , - - (.. ). , MaxWeber, -. (.. ). (.. ) - (, -, , , ) (, , ) - . - .

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, , - /- . , , - , - , . - - , . , , -, - o (Kosellek, 1990). , , , - , - , (Veyne, 1971).

- .

| 152 | |

Fritzsche, P. (2001). Unable to be Tolerant. R. Farnen et al., Tolerance in Transition.Oldenburg: Bis.

Gadamer, H. G. (1996). Le problme de la conscience historique. Paris: Seuil., . (2010). : , , . :

.Kosselek, R. (1990). Le Futur pass.Contribution la Smantique des temps historiques.

Paris: EHESS.Low-Beer, A. (1997). The Council of Europe and School History. Strasbourg: Council of

Europe.Marrou, H. I. (1954). De la Connaissance Historique. Paris: Seuil.Moscovici, S., & Hewstone, M. (1984). Psychologie Sociale. Paris: PUF.Prost, A. (1996). Douze lecons sur lhistoire. Paris: Seuil.Rogers, P. J. (1978). The New History: Theory into Practice, Historical Association, 44.Stradling, R. (1999). The Secretary Generals New Initiative: The Reform of history teaching

and the Preparation of New history textbooks. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Stradling, R. (2003). . Strasbourg:

Council of Europe.Veyne, P. (1971). Linventaire des diffrences. Paris: Seuil.Vygotsky, L. (1988[1964]). . : .

| 155 ||

/- . , - , -, , (, 2010).

4.

- . /- -, , , - , . , , , . , - . ,, . /- - . /- - . .

Barton, K., & Levstik, L. (2008). . :.

Bruner, J. (1991). Car la culture donne forme lesprit. Paris: Eshel.Collingwood, R. (1946). The Idea of History. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Citron, S. (1971). Lcole bloque. Paris: Bordas.Citron, S. (1984). Enseigner lhistoire aujourdhui. La mmoire perdue et retrouve. Paris:

d. Ouvrires.

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|| 168 |

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Bloch, M. (1994). . . . . -. : / 2.

, . (1997). . : .Cannadine, D. (.) (2007). . . . . :

.Carr, E. H. (1999). . -

. . . , : .Ferro, M. (1999). . . . . : .Gadamer, H. G. (1998). . . . . :

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: . :.

Moniot, H. (2002). . . . . : ., . (2000). :

. : .Plumb, J. H. (2007). . . . . : ., . (1991). :

. : .Topolski, J. (1983). . . . -

, . . : .

1.

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2011 . - , - , , 2003. ,

. - - .

ii) (functional literacy) : - - . - , (dominant literacy) - (academic literacy).

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A | 173 ||

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| 172 | |

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/ :

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ii) - (schemata forming),

iii) (developing predictive skills/ex-pectations),

iv) (stating reading purposes).

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. -

A | 175 ||

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, , : (pre-reading) / - (pre-listening), / -/ .

| 174 | |

i) : :

(purpose), (audience), (subject),

, , : (brain-storming), (fast-writing) .

ii) : .

iii) : , - 2011, - . , ( ), , , - , , - (Johnson, 2001: 283-290).

, , - -. , - (textual competence), , , , , .

A | 177 ||

: - - , , . , -/, - .

- (bottom up reading). (data - driven reading), - . , - ( / ) , (Johnson, 2001: 269-282).

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| 176 | |

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-. , (Cook, 2003: 68):

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(critical applied linguistics) - . - ., - -

A | 179 ||

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