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gaicaniT maka koJara: meRvineobis eqsper-ti. axalgazrda, sazriani, megobruli.

maka amwvanebul, talaxian velze agebuli franguli cixesimagris stilis Senobis erT did sardafSi zis. gareT, uzarmazar farTobze mrude mwkrivebad gadaWimuli zvrebia. erT dros, me-19 saukunis miwu-ruls, sasaxlis frankofili mepatrone, meRvine da eqscentruli qarTveli aris-tokrati, centnerobiT tumbavda Sin dayenebul SuSxuna Rvinos did Ria Sad-revanSi: oqrosferi Sxefebi haerSi ity-orcneboda.

„es wveulebebis dros xdeboda, _ meub-neba maka, _ Rvinoze giJdeboda“.

maka RviniT savse Wiqas xelSi atrialebs; Weridan momaval sinaTleze gascqeris. adgilobriv wiTel Rvinos amowmebs, ro-gorc fizikosebi uwodeben, gibs-maranio-nis efeqtze: Tu rogor icvleba siTxis zedapiruli daWimuloba misi qimiuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT. es diagnosti-kuri meTodia: Tu Rvinis patara wveTebi Wiqas Signidan ekvris, niSnavs, rom Rvino mSralia da mas spirtis maRali Semcvelo-ba aqvs. Tuki Rvinis wveTebi nela Camodis minis zedapirze, is ufro motkboa da nak-leb alkohols Seicavs.

saqmis mcodneebSi amgvar sust nakads „Rvinis fexebs“ (igive „Rvinis cremlebs“) uwodeben. Tumca aq, saqarTveloSi, Rvi-nos sxvanairi „cremlebic“ aqvs. crem-lebi, romlebic mogzauroben. cremlebi, romlebic gvimorCileben. cremlebi, rom-

lebic kavkasiis brinjaos xanidan moed-inebian. qarTuli Rvinis fesvebi Zlieri da Zalian Zvelia. isini saTaves uxsovari droidan, istoriis dasabamidan iReben. msoflios uZvelesma mkvidrma sazoga-doebebma _ nayofieri naxevarmTvaris, mesopotamiis, egviptis, mogvianebiT ki saberZneTisa da romis imperiebma _ mev-enaxeobis saidumloebebi, savaraudod, am Soreuli velebidan, mindvrebidan, evra-ziis am nisliani, frialo kldeebidan gaitanes. gardasuli epoqis qarTvelebi Cinebulad ayenebdnen Rvinos Tixis avze-bSi. qvevrebs, am gamozneqil amforebs ax-lac amzadeben. isini kvlav RviniT ivse-ba. es WurWeli giganturi dinozavris kvercxebiviTaa mofenili saqarTveloSi. maT SexvdebiT glexebis sacxovrebeli saxlebis qveS, restornebSi, parkebSi, muzeumebSi, avto-gasamarTi sadgurebis gverdiT.

qvevri saqarTvelos simboloa: siamayis, erTianobisa da Zlierebis wyaro. is imsax-urebs, rom erovnul droSaze iyos gamo-saxuli. amboben, saqarTveloSi islamis masobriv gavrcelebas (arabebi regionSi me-7 saukuneSi SemoiWrnen) Rvinisadmi qa-rTvelebis erTgulebamac SeuSala xeli. maT uari Tqves, sasmelisTvis Tavi dae-nebebinaT.

maka Wiqas mivsebs. es misi marnis sauke-Teso Rvinoa, melaniviT muqi da mkvrivi. siTxe Cems xelSi brwyinavs. bunebrivi taninebis aromats afrqvevs. es metad nacnobi surnelia. is civilizaciasaviT Zvelia da maSinve TavSi girtyams.

pol salopeki

pol salopeki warmoSobiT kaliforniidan aris. ro-gorc ucxoeli korespon-denti, is muSaobda afri-kaSi, axlo aRmosavleTSi, centralur aziaSi, bal-kaneTis naxevarkunZulsa da laTinur amerikaSi. avtoris statiebi moicavs iseT Temebs, rogoricaa kulturaTa sicocxlisu-narianoba, teqnologiebis gavlena, masobrivi mi-graciebi, sazogadoebaTa konfliqti, klimatis cvlileba da a.S. misi naSromebi ibeWdeba iseT gamocemebSi, rogoricaa National Geographic Magazine, The New York Times,Chicago Tri-bune, The Best American Travel Writing da sxva. salopeki orjer iqna dajildoebu-li puliceris premiiT.

vazis aCrdili

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osTan dakavSirebul faqtebs. wels mkv-levrebi Sulaveri-Somus teritoriebze preistoriuli yurZnis wipwebs eZeben.

arqeologi daviT sulxaniSvili xels adebs yurZnis mtevnis ornaments _ vazis detali ZalisSi (saqarTvelo) SemorCe-nili 2200 wlis romauli mozaikidan.

erT dRes, centralur saqarTveloSi, 2200 wlis winandel romauli qalaqis naS-Tebs vstumrob. es Zalisia. sasaxlis mSve-nieri, mozaikuri iatakebi daxvretilia da masSi im zomis Tixis Rrmulebia, rom ada-miani Caeteva. es qvevrebia. Suasaukuneebis qarTvelebi am arqeologiur nangrevebs Rvinis dasayeneblad iyenebdnen. Tbilisis samxreTiT, mdinaris Rrma xeobis Tavze mdebare kldovan, magidis formis mTaze, ganisvenebs afrikis farglebs gareT aR-moCenili uZvelesi hominidi: 1,8 milioni wlis winandel afTris bunagSi Homo Erectus-is qala ganisvenebs. me-9 Tu me-10 saukuneSi am adgilas giganturi qvevri CaudgamT. amiT gaanadgures fasdaudebe-li, adamianis warmoSobamdeli Zvlebi.

saqarTvelos warsuli RviniT aris ga-JRenTili da taninebiT Semonaxuli.

arqeologi daviT sulxaniSvili da Zali-sis nangrevebSi Camarxuli me-7 saukunis Rvinis WurWlebi. „Cven dResac ase vay-enebT Rvinos“.

or weliwadze metia, rac CrdiloeTisken movdivar afrikidan. 5000 welze meti xnis win Rvinom, misi kavkasiuri akvnidan, sapirispiro gza gaiara, samxreTisa da dasavleTisken.

„adamianTa masobriv migraciebs Tan ax-lda masobrivi xocva-Jleta, populaci-aTa Canacvleba, _ ambobs stiven batiuki, torontos universitetis arqeologi, _ Tumca, ase ar iqceodnen adamianebi, romelTac Rvinis kultura mihqondaT Tan. isini ifantebodnen da Semdeg maspinZel kulturebTan gverdigverd cxovrobdnen. isini simbiozur urTier-Tobebs amyarebdnen“.

batiuki saubrobs antikuri epoqis sakulto diasporis Sesaxeb: adreuli transkavkasiuri kulturis (igivea, rac mtkvar-araqsis kultura) eqspansiaze, romelic Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi kavkasi-idan gavrcelda aRmosavleT TurqeTSi, iranSi, siriasa da aRmosavleT xmelTaS-uazRvispireTis danarCen nawilSi.

mecnieri erTma faqtma gaaoca: adreuli transkavkasiuri kulturisTvis damaxa-siaTebeli keramikis nimuSebi (e.w. „pa-ternebi“) yvelgan gvxvdeba, sadac vazi mohyavT.

„rogorc Cans, am migrantebisTvis Rvino arsebul sazogadoebaSi TavianTi Set-anili wvlili iyo. isini ar arTmevdnen

samuSaos adgilobrivebs. isini midiod-nen saTesle masaliTa da vazis rqebiT da mihqondaT axali saqmianoba - mevenaxeoba an, sul cota, misi daxvewis meTodebi. TiTqos Rvinos demokratiis funqcia hqonda. sadac mividodnen, Rvinis Tasebis afeTqeba iwyeboda“.

kavkasiidan waRebis Semdeg, adreulma transkavkasiurma keramikam, rogorc specifikurma arqeologiurma pater-nma, 700, xan ki 1000 welic ki gaZlo adgilobriv kulturebSi, maSin, roca maTi Semomtanebis kvali sul raRac sami Taobis Semdeg gauCinarda, radgan integrirdnen adgilobriv kultura-Si. mTel am process batiukis msgavsi eqspertebi aRfrTovanebaSi mohyavs, miuxedavad imisa, rom es bunebrivi movlenaa.

beqa gocaZe. „Tqven amas miwaSi CadebT da RmerTs ekiTxebiT: kargi gamova?“ ojaxuri Rvinis qarxana (Tbilisis Semogareni).

Tbilisis maRla, fiWvnariT mofenil mTaze, beqa gocaZe saxlis gverdiT, far-dulSi, saxlis pirobebSi ayenebs Rvinos.

beqa zorba, Tavaziani, wiTuri kacia da im aTobiT aTasi Cveulebrivi qarTuli ojaxis erT-erTi warmomadgenelia, vinc jer kidev sakuTari siamovnebi-sTvis wuravs yurZens. Vitis vinifera-gan miRebul jadosnur siTxes ki miwaSi Caflul Tixis qvevrSi ayenebs. saxlis qveS goraki misi „Rvinis inkubatoria“, sadac WurWels milebi Semortymia, romelSic onkanis wyali miedineba. wylis saSualebiT fermentaciisTvis saWiro temperatura regulirdeba. beqa qimikatebsa da danamatebs ar iyenebs. sibneleSi misi Rvino iseTive dgeba, rogoric zogadad qarTuli Rvinoa: yurZnis mtevani mTlianad, Reroebian-marcvlebianad iWyliteba.

„Cadeb miwaSi da RmerTs hkiTxav: wlis mo-savali kargi iqneba? yvela, vinc Rvinos ayenebs, Tavisi gulis nawils debs masSi. Svilebic mexmarebian. isinic TavianT gu-lebs aqsoven. duRilis baqteriebi? isini qarma moitana! Rrublebi? isinic Rvino-Sia! mzec RvinoSia! yvelaferi aq aris, RvinoSi!“

erTxel beqam sakuTari ojaxis Rvinoebi konkursze waiRo italiaSi. „gakvirve-bulma Semfasebelma mkiTxa: „kaco, sad iyaviT amden xans?“ vupasuxe: „eh, vici, rom davagvianeT, magram cota dakavebu-li viyaviT rusebTan omiT!“

mis xmaurian sufraze vardisferi TavkveriT, TeTri CinuriTa da bor-do saferaviT savse Rvinis sasmisebis jari dgas. maTSi adreuli transka-vkasiuri kultura samaradisodaa Caq-vavebuli.

pol salopekis statiis origina-lis qarTuli versia momzadebulia da gamoqveynebulia specialurad National Geographic saqarTvelos vebsaitisTvis.

„Rvino Cveni religiaa!“ _ mtkiced acxadebs maka.pasuxi erTaderTia: amin!

„Cven ar varT dainteresebulni vamtki-coT, rom Rvinis dayeneba saqarTvelo-dan iRebs saTaves, _ ambobs saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis direqtori daviT lorTqifaniZe, _ es ar aris Cveni mizani. ufro mniSvnelovani kiTxvebic arsebobs: ratom daiwyo es saqmianoba? rogor gavr-celda is Zvel msoflioSi? rogor aris Tanamedrove vazis jiSebi dakavSirebuli velur vazTan?“

daviT lorTqifaniZe Rvinis warmoSo-bis dadgenis vrcel da mravalerovnul samecniero proeqts kurirebs. amerike-lebs aqvT NASA, islandias _ momRerali biorki. saqarTvelos ki aqvs 2014 wels dawyebuli „qarTuli vazisa da Rvinis kulturis kvlevisa da popularizaciis“ proeqti, romelic adamianis mier vazis moyvanis sakiTxebs ikvlevs. am proeqtSi qarTveli arqeologebi da botanikosebi daniel genetikosebTan da sxva dargebis

amerikel, italiel, frang da kanadel specialistebTan erTad muSaoben. saqmeSi israeleli eqspertebic arian Cabmulebi mniSvnelovani funqciiT _ Caataron ra-dio-izotopuri analizebi naxSirbadis izotopis (14C) gamoyenebiT.

Rvinis warmoSobis sakiTxis saerTaSori-so kvlevis xelmZRvaneli daviT lorTqi-faniZe: „Cven imaze ar vkamaTobT, Tu vin aris pirveli“.

patrik makgoverni (inteleqtualTa am jgufis wevri da molekuluri arqeolo-giis specialisti pensilvaniis univer-sitetidan, filadelfia) Rvinos uwodebs Cveni saxeobis istoriaSi „albaT yvelaze Tavdajerebul sasmels“.

„warmoidgineT, monadire-SemgrovebelTa jgufebis pirveli Sexvedra da daZabu-lobis magivrad maTi daaxloeba, _ ambobs makgoverni, _ Rvino socialuri sapoxia, alkohols namdvilad aqvs es unari“.

adamianebi imdeni xania moixmaren alko-hols, rom RviZlis enzimebis 10%-ma misi energiad gardaqmna daiwyes. es ki dalevis Cvevis siZvelis utyuari niSa-nia. produqtebis winaswari, xelovnuri fermentaciis uZvelesi da myari mtkice-bulebebi CrdiloeT CineTidan modis, sadac Tixis WurWelSi napovni qimiuri narCenebi miuTiTeben, rom 9000 wlis win adamianebi brinjis, Taflisa da veluri xilisgan damzadebul pirvel alkohol-ur koqteils geaxlebodnen.

Rvino mogvianebiT gaCnda. makgoverni varaudobs, rom es sruliad SemTxveviT moxda: veluri yurZeni WurWlis fskerze gaiWylita. misi wveni gafuWda da haeriT gadatanili safuariT nawilobriv gada-muSavda. aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi fermentaciis procesi gamocanad rCebo-da. aman ki Rvinos idumali Zala SesZina. „Tqven gaqvT gonebis ammRvrevi nivTiere-ba, romelic arsaidan movida da es sa-smeli Cveni religiebis centrSi eqceva. man fesvebi gaidga adamianTa cxovrebaSi, ojaxebSi, rwmenaSi. micvalebulis dam-arxvis aucilebeli atributic ki gaxda“.

Tavdapirvelad, Rvino ufro meti iyo, vidre ubralo maTrobela sasmeli. is iyo eleqsiri. masSi Semaval alkoholsa da xis fisebs, romelTac Zvel droSi Rvinis Sesanaxad amatebdnen, antibaqte-riuli Tvisebebi hqonda. epoqaSi, roca sanitariul normebs TiTqmis ar icavd-nen, Rvinis sma an misi wyalTan Sereva daavadebas amcirebda. Rvino sicocxlis gadamrCeneli iyo.

„pirveli Rvinis damyenebeli kulturebi mdidari da produqtiulebi iyvnen, - am-bobs mindia jalabaZe, qarTveli arqe-ologi, - maT xorbali da qeri mohyavdaT. aSenebdnen cxvars, Rors, msxvilfexa saq-onels. kargad cxovrobdnen. aseve, nadi-robdnen da Tevzaobdnen“.

arqeologi mindia jalabaZe saubrobs neoliTis xanis kulturis _ Sulaveri-Somus Sesaxeb, romlis samarxebi saqa-rTveloSi samxreT kavkasiaSi tenian periodSi gamoCnda da Seicavs soflis meurneobis arsebobis pirvel miniSnebebs rkinis xanis dadgomamde. mosaxleoba qvi-sa da Zvlebisgan damzadebul iaraRebs iyenebda. maT macivris zomis giganturi qoTnebi daamzades. amgvar WurWelSi _ legendaruli qvevris winamorbedSi _ inaxavdnen marcvleulsa da Tafls, aseve _ Rvinosac. saidan viciT es? erTi aseTi qoTani yurZnis mtevnebiTaa moxatuli. makgovernis mier Catarebuli Tixis am WurWlis bioqimiuri analizi gviCvenebs Rvinis mJavas, yurZnis duRilis mimaniS-nebeli faqtis arsebobas. es artefaqtebi 8000 wlisaa.

saqarTvelos meRvineobis memkvidreoba saukuneebiT uswrebs win somxeTsa da iranSi aRmoCenil sxva, uZveles, Rvin-