(road map)

Shooman()(strategy)14

(Test Specification)

13.1 - - ()

13.1.1(verification and validation, V&V)(verification)(validation)1Boehm [BOE81] V&V(software quality assurance, SQA)

SQA(qualification)

Miller

13.1.2

()()

() - ()

(independent test group, ITG)ITGITGITGITG()ITG

13.1.3 13.1

13.1

(13.1)(unit testing)()(integration testing)(validation testing)(system testing)

13.2(package)

()()()(mesh)/

13.2

13.1.4()(14)

()()

13.1.5 ?()/()

MusaAckerman951000CPU0.995()

13.2 (overriding)Tom Gilb(15)

(profile)(rapid cycle testing)Gilb(2%)(trialable)/

(antibugging)(13.3.1)

(outrighter)(metrics)

- Boris Beizer

13.3

13.3.1(unit testing)

13.3()

13.3

()

(precedence)

()(divergent)

nnii

(reroute)Yourdon(antibugging)

()

(stand-alone)(driver)/(stub)13.4()(stub)()(dummy subprogram)

()()

13.4

13.3.2 (neophyte) - (interfacing)

(integration testing):(nonincremental integration)(incremental integration)

(nonincremental integration)(big bang)(chaos)

(incremental integration)

()()(depth-first)(breadth-first)

13.5(deep-first integration)M1 M2 M5M8(M2)M6

13.5

(breadth-first integration)M2M3M4M5M6

()()2

(decision point)(well-factored)(10)(incoming path)()

(logistical)

()(bottom-up)

(bottom-up integration testing)(atomic)()

(clusters)((builds))()

13.6123()12MaD1D2Ma3D3MbMaMbMc

13.6

(regression testing)I/O

()()()/(capture/playback)/

()

(Smoke testing) (time-critical)(pacing)

(build)(show stopper)()

McConnell

(show stopper)()

Jim McCarthy

([BEI84])

-((sandwich testing))

(critical modules)()

(test specification)(phases)(builds)(CAD)()()()()

()()(interface integrity)()(functional validity)(information content)(performance)

(overhead)(availability windows)()()

(test report)(test specification)()()

Cem Kaner

13.4 (tactics)

13.4.1 OO(encapsulation)()()()

()XXXX()XOOOO

13.4.2 OO (13.3.2)()

OOOO(thread-based testing)(use-based testing)()(server classes)((independent classes))(dependent classes)

OO

(cluster testing)OO(CRC)

13.5 (validation testing)(culmination)(package)

(validation)():(battle-hardened)(software requirements specification, SRS)-(validation criteria)

13.5.1 ((transportability))

13.5.2 (configuration review)(audit)

13.5.3 AlphaBeta

(acceptance tests)(test drive)

AlphaBetaalphabetaAlphaalphaBetaalphabetabeta()beta

13.6 ()

Ed Yourdon

(finger-pointing)

(system testing)

13.6.1 (Recovery Testing)(fault tolerant)

(recovery testing)()(checkpoint mechanisms)(mean-time-to-repair, MTTR)

13.6.2 ()

(security testing)Beizer-

13.6.3 (Stress Testing)(crank)

(stress testing)(volume)(disk-resident)(excessive hunting)

(sensitivity testing)()

13.6.4 (performance testing)(run-time)

()(intervals)()

13.7 (debugging)

Maurice Wilkes, discovers debugging, 1949

13.7.113.7

13.7

()(11)()()

(timing)()

()()

Brian Kernighan

13.7.2 Shneiderman(teasers)

13.7.3Bradley2,500(binary partitioning)()

(brute force)(backtracking)(cause elimination)

() T. Duff

-(brute force)(memory dump)

-(backtracking)()

-(induction)(deduction)(binary partitioning)(cause hypothesis)

-

13.7.4Van Vleck

()