*

* (positive psychology)

*Kaplan (directed attention): (mental effort) : (attentional fatigue) ! :DLF ''

* ?: (involuntary attention) ! (restorative environment)

*

- ? -

* : (fascinating) !

*: (ambient- stressors) , , , , , : . "" !

,

,

* ?: TV , , ,

hard fascination( ) : ? ? !soft fascination( ): .

*

: , (hard fascination) .

: (soft fascination) .

:

*1. Being Away [; ] , , : !psychologically being away

Being Away : . . .

*2. Extent [; ]1) Coherence [, ] coherence, connectedness, interrelatedness 2) Scope [, ] , (: )

Coherence : . . . Scope : . , .

*3. Fascination [] . soft fascination

Fascination : . . . . .

*4. Compatibility [] !) , , , :

Compatibility : . . . .

*Kaplan & Kaplan (nature) (Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989):

, (open space), , , , , , , . ,

Kaplan, Kaplan, & Ryan(1998) With people in mind: Design and management of everyday nature

*Mausner(1996): 1. Totally natural environments 2. Civilized natural environments 3. Quasi-natural environments 4. Semi-natural environments5. Nonnatural environments

*1. Totally natural environments , abundant: "untouched nature"

2. Civilized natural environments : Totally natural environments (being-in-nature)

*3. Quasi-natural environments . "false nature": , being-in-nature 4. Semi-natural environments/ , , : open space, being-in-nature 5. Nonnatural environments . : ,

-

Window Farm

*

- (2011) -

*

- (2007a, 2007c, 2012) -

*(): , (): () ,

:

*(2007a) : " , ?

(2007c, 2012) :

*

*

*(2007a, 2007c, 2012) : ' - ' , (2007a, 2007c) : ' '

*

(positive psychology)

&

*Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi20 : "" "", , , 21 : !"(strength)" "(virtue)"

* : 1. (positive subjective experience)2. (positive individual traits)3. (positive institutions)

*1. (peak experience): , , , , ,

: . . . . . .

*1. (flow; full engagement)

(spiritual inspiration) , , , , , , , , , , , (healing)

*

: .

. , . .

*Whitehouse, S., Varni, J. W., Seid, M., Cooper-Marcus, C., Ensberg, M. J., Jacobs, J. R., & Mehlenbeck, R. S. (2001). Evaluating a childrens hospital garden environment: Utilization and consumer satisfaction. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 301-314.

* Barbara Fredrickson: (broaden-and-build theory) - : (undoing effect) ,

2. : , , , , , , / / ,

*3. positive institutions: ,

(2008) : : ,

1) (positive family): : : ! (positive family): 2010 ,

2010

* 2) (positive school): - , , ,

3) (positive work): : IMF :

4) (positive community): : , ( ) , ,