2007: .

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spin

Feynman, loops e-+-e+kkppq=p+p=k+k

Feynman loops 1

Feynman loops 2-loop Feynman 3-loop Feynman

( I) Heisenberg

( II)p

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4 4 4- 4 d-

4 1-loop d- 1-loop d-

4 Counter Terms Counter Terms

4 Counter Terms

Green (R.G) 4

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Quarks and Leptons: Am Introductory Course in Modern Physics, F. Halzen, A. MartinQuantum Field Theory, L. RyderAn Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, M. Peskin, D. SchroederQuantum Field Theory in a nutshell, A. ZeeTwo-loop function for a G1xG2 gauge theory, D.R.T. Jones, Phys.Rev.D25:581,1982 , . , . , . Renormalization, J. Collins