()3010929.580 99.9% 29.5

4.20106bp4 2886-1107

6-1

4288172747013168110354558531923784172431123118830648256DNA115873296717864755271218214110142712334

15 00050DNARNAconstitutive

adaptive or regulated15-

6. 1 DNA-DNAgeneexpressiongene regulationgenecontrol

6-1RNADNARNA

transcriptionalregulation post-transcriptionalregulation1mRNAdifferentialprocessing of RNA transcrpt2differential translationof mRNA

coupled transcription andtranslationprimary transcript6-2

repressor

activator6-36-2

6-3 a. b. c. d.

7046-424DNA2DNA

6-4 70

54DNA-24-126-570DNA54TATATBP

6-5 70 54

6. 2 lactoseoperon 3 Z Y A

3Z-Y-A-

-- - ---A-

6. 2. 1 lac

lac+-1 2 6%7%105/

lac+-32P mRNA DNA 12-lac mRNA lac mRNA

IPTG TMGO-ONPG gratuitousinducer

35S35S--35S

6. 2. 2 Jacob Monod

6-9 Lac

A. ZYAmRNAB. mRNAPIOC. DNA26bpD. lac mRNAE. lac mRNA

6-10 LacmRNA-

lac Ilac mRNA 43471 IPTG , 510

-lac6-11

-6-laclac mRNAcatabolite repression

cAMPcAMPATP

cAMPcAMP

CrpcAMP CRPcAMPlac mRNAcAMP-CRP lac

6-13 gallac araCRP-cAMP

(catabolitesensitive operoncAMP-CRP

6-14 lacCRP-cAMP-35-10

cAMP-CRPlac mRNADNA-RNARNA

6-15CRP-cAMP DNA DNA >90

6. 2. 3 lacPO

PImRNA5-10bpO-7+28+11

6-16 O

6. 2. 4 lac

1lac-1 0.5 0.2 -

lac mRNAmRNA5'3'

lac mRNAAZZA

2purlacT6tsxpurlaclac

6. 3 trpcAMP-CRP576-17

6-17

trpEtrpGtrpDtrpFtrpCtrpAtrpBtrpEtrpGtrpCtrpB

trpEtrpEtrpLtrpa

trptrpRtrp259065trpStRNAtRNATrptrp

6. 3. 1 trptrpRtrp mRNAaporepressortrp mRNA

trp

DNAtrp

6. 3. 2

1 trp mRNA 5 162bp mRNA 123150trp6-10mRNA 140RNAtrpmRNA-

2AUGUGA14101177

3mRNAtrp412341-23-42-3

RNaseT1RNAtrp1-23-43-4 6-23

4tRNATrp 41trp 2-33-4

423-4 - RNA

6-24 trp

trp

mRNA

6. 4 6. 4. 1 galactoseoperon173UDP-galactose-4-epimerasegalE-galactose transferasegalTgalactose kinasegalK-1-

galR 55 lac galR galE T K O galRgalOlacI-lacOgalR- galOc ETKgal

gal mRNAOP-67-73galE

1cAMP-CRPgal

galgal

gal P-O 5bpgalRNAS1S2

S1RNAS1CRP cAMP cya- cAMP crp- gal S1 cAMP-CRPS1cAMP-CRPS2

2gal UDPgalgalactose epimerasegalEUDP-UDPgal

S1cAMP-CRP S2

6. 4. 2 araB araA araD araBADaraBaraAL-araDL--5--4- araEaraF

araBAD O1 O2 araC lac gal cAMP-CRP AraC

araBADaraCaraBADPBADaraCPc6-27

6-27 ara

araaraBADmRNAcrp-araBAD mRNAPBADcAMP-CRP

AraCPBADPrPiPBADPrAraCPi

a. AraC Pc araCb. AraC O2ara IDNAaraBADc. AraCaraO1araICRP-cAMP

a.cAMP-CRPAraCPrARNAPcaraC

b.cAMP-CRPAraCPrBaraBAD mRNA

c.araCPiBAcAMP-CRParaCaraBAD

6. 4. 3 histidineHishuthistidine utilizing enzymehutoperon6-30

Hut44hutGhutHhutIhutUhutChutIhutGhutChutUhutHmRNA6-31

hutRNAhuthutcAMP-CRP

6. 4. 4 LexASOSDNASOS DNASOS DNALexASOSLexA

6-32 LexASOSDNA

1000RecADNADNARecADNALexADNASOSrecADNA

6. 4. 5 two-component systems sensor protein responseregulator protein

6-33

6. 4. 6

1rRNArRNArrnEP1P2P1P235ppGppP1rRNAP2rrnE

2S1SIrpsArpsA4P1P2S1P3P4P1P2ppGppP3P4S1

3DnaQDnaQDNARNAP2RNAP1 DnaQP2RNAP1

6. 5 1.5101021085108108

6. 5. 1 Rhizobium trifolii

R. phaseoliR. Leguminosarum

6-5

R. melilotiR. trifoliiR.leguminosarumR. phaseoliB. lupiniB. japonicumCowpearhizobia

6. 5. 2 8e-N2+8H++32ATP------>2NH3+H2+32ADP+32PiI5.01046.0104nifDnifK4[4Fe-4S]-FeMoCoFeMo-protein

II3.0104nifHFe-proteinII[4Fe-4S]

FeMoCo1 Mo6Fe8S-FeMoCo191195191195

6-6

CAGTCCCTGGCCACCACATC40.618.7DJ357 nifDK Kmr048.5DJ178 -His195 AsnCAGTCCCTGGCAACCACATC3.726.3DJ255 -Gln191LysCGCGGCGTTTCCAAGTCCCTG1.439.5

6. 5. 3

nifALnifAnifnifADNA nif

nifAnifLnifnifLnifA nifNH3 O2 NifUNF92810mmol/L NH4+ UNF714 nifAL

nifADNApMC73AUNF71410/ NH4+15%30%

6-7 nifA

/ NH4++NH4+UNF9281000.005UNF71400UNF714+pMC73A23027UNF714+pMC73B0.10.1UNF1780(glnA100nif)0.050.075UNF1780+pMC73A17480UNF1780+pMC73B0.0050.005

nif-90ntrBntrCntrnitrogenregulation70ntrAnifAntrAntrCnifntrCNH3NH3ntrC

- UMPglnDGlnB GlnB UMP UMPGlnBNtrBNtrCnifAL

GlnBNtrBNtrCnif6-38

O2LbLbO2O2O2

6-9

Lb300mol/L3 000mol/LLb0.20.260mol/L600mol/L11nmol/L11nmol/L/5 50055 000

6. 5. 4 nts382

6-10 Bragg

/Bragg/nts38218+5nts382/Bragg201+35

6-11

/Nts382 / BraggBragg / nts3820360+4935+41089+1842+620114+2437+440177+2835+560312+3530+6

6. 6 6. 6. 1 mRNARBS----AUGRBSSD16S rRNA 3 mRNARBSSDAUGSDAUG4109

6. 6. 2 50dnaG2 800rpoD40 000rpsU

dnaG6-12AUAdnaG

6-12

AUU%AUC%AUA%3762126740DnaG363232

LacIAraCTrpRdnaGtRNA

6. 6. 3 trp5trpEtrpDtrpBA trpE trpD trpB trpAtrpEtrpD

trpEACU UUC UGA uggcuAUG GCUtrpD

trpBtrpA

trpBGAA AUC UGAuggaaAUGGAAtrpA

galgalTgalK3galKSDgalTgalTSDgalK