1 2 1 2

16-18 111516

1819

)1918691913

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.

()()()()

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Adam Smith1776Inquiry into the Nature Causes of the Wealth of Nations 18

22

: Absolute Cost

1 j QjjL

2 j

Qj/L 1/120=0.008 1/70=0.014 1/80=0.0125 1/110=0.009

,,,.

/ / 120+70 /70=2.7 190

110+80/80=2.375 190

1.2.1111.71.37513.

David Ricardo ,1772-18831817On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation

22

1 AQA/L A=-------------------------------------- B BQB/L

2 AaLA A =----------------------------------- B BaLB

3

B A = --------------------------------- A

1

2

3

A120B50A2B2A10B16

. .Tiger Woods2214420.

,,,?

EHeckscher,1879-1952BOhlin,1899-1979 1919 1933(Interregional and International Trade)1977H-0

1ABKa/LaKb/LbKa/La >Kb/LbBAAB

2ABrwra/warb/wbra/wa rb/wb BAAB

ABKL/Ka/LaKb/LbKa/La >Kb/LbAB

(1)(2)(3)(4) (5)(6)(7) (8) (9)

PSamuelson,1915-194819491953--H-O-S

1947 K/L

1(Factor-intensity Reversal)

2 H-O

3

4J.Vanek 1959

2000

AB1322A160100B12080

4006001105148 1 29050

RCABalassa(1965,1977)

ji ji j i ji ji

1980-2000.. 2005

SITC0SITC1SITC2SITC3SITC4SITC5SITC6SITC7SITC81980 1.720.491.420.890.530.821.270.111.8919851.940.462.011.790.790.691.240.101.4819901.460.481.230.830.640.701.260.492.2619931.220.810.870.600.570.551.150.443.0319950.940.830.720.540.600.641.350.542.8219970.930.530.640.510.770.621.280.612.9619980.880.480.560.450.330.591.190.662.9119990.860.370.630.320.160.641.190.712.8120000.910.330.580.290.160.531.250.802.76

:

?

,?

(Theory of Technological Gap)(M.Posner)1961

() (Vernon)

1.

2.

3.

P42

1.

2.

IntelCPU

(Intra -industry trade)

H.G.Grubel and P.J.Leoyd

(Homogeneous Products)123

:1 2 3 4

(Differentiated Products) : :Characteristic

Intra-industry Trade IndexSITCSITC10Section,63Division233Group786Subgroup1924ItemSITC

8 85 851 85101 85102

XM T01T=0T=1

1 2

3 4

1961(S.B.Linder) Preference Similarity Theory 1.

2.

A.BA.B

1990 Michael Porter

HO

1 2 3 4

( basic factors)(advanced factors)

4