Αμερικανικές Χώρες

PDF mwlib. http://code.pediapress.com/ .

PDF generated at: Wed, 15 Dec 2010 08:25:38 UTC

1

1

7 7

17 17

25 25

34 34

44 44

64 64

69 69

78 78

93 93

102 102

105 105

111 111

116 116

124 124

() 133 () 133

141 141

156 156

165 165

169 169

192 192

198 198

202 202

208 208

212 212

216

216

224 224

229 229

240 240

245 245

257 257

264 264

270 270

273 273

277 277

303 , 305

312

1

: 135260N 610000W13.8833, -61 [1]

: The Land, The People, The Light , ,

: Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia

( )

141N 6059W14.017, -60.983 [2]

,

.

22 197922 1979

%

539[3] km2 (190)0,13%158 .

2

2009 2005

160.267[4] (55)160.765260 ./km (46)

... (PPP) (2009)

1,809 . $[5] (165)10.547 $[5] (76)

... () (2009)

0,991 . $[5] (165)5.777 $[5] (76)

(2007) 0,821 (69) (XCD) (UTC -4)Internet TLD .lc +1-758

, 616 160.267 , 2009[4] . , . , .

, . 1500. , 1660 . 1663-1667 , , 1814. 1834 . 1959-1962 1967 . 22 1979, .

. Gimie, 950 . ( ), Pitons ( ), , 2004. (Castries), . (Gros Islet), (Soufrire) (VieuxFort). , . , .

3

, , ( 10% ) 150.000. (, 90%), , . (61%) 39% . ( 76,45) 2009 79,27 73,78 .

.

(quarters). :

1979[6] . , . () 17. ( ) 5 . , 11 [7] . 1953 ( ) , 18 [8] . 1964 1979 , ( 1982). 1982 , 1997, . , . . 2001 . 2006 , . 2007 .

4

2006 11 2006

% +/-

38.427 51,4 +13,6 11

36.049 48,2 -07,8 6

250 00,4 0

17

: Adam Carr [9]

, , (CARICOM) (OECS)., : ACCT, ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77,IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO,ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO,WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO.

(Royal Saint Lucia Police Force). (Special Service Unit) (Coast Guard).

. . , . . .

.

. ( ) ( ). . .

5

5 15 [10] . , Spartan Health Sciences University[11]

.

. , 1992 . , , . , , . , Quadrille.

, . , , Pigeon .

[1] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&

pagename=%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1& params=13.8833_N_-61_E_type:country

[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&pagename=%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1&params=14_1_N_60_59_W_type:city

[3] CIA World Factbook 616 . .[4] CIA World Factbook (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ st. html#People)[5] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009&

ey=2009& scsm=1& ssd=1& sort=country& ds=,& br=1& pr1. x=35& pr1. y=10& c=362& s=NGDPD,NGDPDPC,PPPGDP,PPPPC,LP&grp=0& a=). ( 2009) ( 18-10-2009 )

[6] 1979 (http:/ / pdba. georgetown. edu/ Constitutions/ Lucia/ Luc78. html)[7] Dr. Pearlette Louisy Appointed to Office of Governor General (http:/ / www. stlucia. gov. lc/ pr1997/

dr__pearlette_louisy_appointed_to_office_of_governor_general. htm)[8] IPU (http:/ / www. ipu. org/ parline-e/ reports/ 2269_B. htm)[9] http:/ / psephos. adam-carr. net/ countries/ s/ stlucia/ stlucia2006. txt[10] "Saint Lucia" (http:/ / www. dol. gov/ ilab/ media/ reports/ iclp/ tda2001/ saint-lucia. htm). Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor

(2001). Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor (2002).[11] Foundation for advancement of International Medical Education and Resaerch (https:/ / imed. faimer. org/ details. asp?country=306&

school=& currpage=1& cname=SAINT+ LUCIA& city=& region=CA& rname=Central+ America/ Caribbean& mcode=306010& psize=25)

6

, , 6, . , 2006.

(http:/ / www. stlucia. gov. lc) (http:/ / www. stlucia. org/ ) (http:/ / www. geographia. com/ st-lucia/ ) (http:/ / www. worldaware. org. uk/ education/ projects/ st_lucia/ index. html)

7

: 1315N 6112W13.25, -61.2 [1]

: "Pax et justitia"

: St Vincent Land So Beautiful ,

( )

15.900 (1999)1310N 6114W13.167, -61.233 [2]

- . -

27 197927 1979

%

389 km2 (197)84 .

8

2009

104.574[3] (184)120.000269 ./km (44)

... (PPP) (2009)

1,092 . $[4] (172)10.198 $[4] (80)

... () (2009)

0,625 . $[4] (171)5.837 $[4] (74)

(2007) 0,772 (91) (XCD) (UTC -4)Internet TLD .vc +1-784

. 389 , 104.574 2009 [3] 32 . , 22 1498, . , . . , 27.

.

, . 18 .[5] , , . 1719, , , . 1763, . 1779 , 1783 , . 1796, Victor Hugues. 5.000 .

9

1807.[6] 1763 , . 1776 , 1877 , 1925 1951 . 1959 , 1962. , 1979 . 25 2009 , 55% 43%. .

2002.

, , . , . , , :

, , .

10

.

, ( 1.234 .), , . 7 1902 2.000 . 1979.[7] , . . .

, 1961-2003.

(75%) . 2007-08 71,1 .[8] 2009 73,65 (71,82 75,54 ).[3]

, . , (Vincentian Creole). 138.000 (1989 J. Holm)[9] [10] [11]

. , , .

11

, ( 13% , ) 118.000. ( , 66%), , , .

O , , . , , , . , , , . , .[12] 30.000 . .[13]

.

( ). parishes :

. 27 1979[14] , . , ( 2002 , (Ralph Gonsalves), ULP, 29 2001. 2001. 2001, , 28 , , 7 2005 . , .

12

(House of Assembly) 21 , 15 5 , , 6 . 18 .[15] , 7 2005[16] , (Unity Labour Party) 55,2% 12 , 44,6% 3 0,06% .

, .

, (EasternCaribbean Supreme Court ). .

, , , 1980 1987, . , . . . 1993 , . , . , .

.

. . . , . 5. . ., (IATA: SVD ICAO: TVSV), . SVG Air. Mustique Airways ( ), Grenadine Airways.

13

ICAO

IATA

( ),

TVSV SVD E.T. Joshua [17]

, TVSB BQU (J.F. MitchellAirport)

, TVSC CIW

, TVSM MQS

, TVSU UNI

, .

2004 57.000 . ( 2 1980[18]

) 9 ( NBC [19],Hitz FM, We FM , Hot 97 Nice FM - ).[20] . , Cable and Wireless Karib Kable. . 3 (The News, Searchlight [21] TheVincentian [22]) (The Herald).

14

.

, . , , 8 . . , . , . , , . , . , 2003 "Turn me on". jackfish (breadfruit)[23] , AmazonaGuildingii, (Soufriere Tree) [24] .

151 2009.[25] .

.

( 1762) , . , (19 ) , 1823 1880.

15

, , 6, . , 2006. Bobrow, Jill & Jinkins, Dana. 1985. St. Vincent and the Grenadines. 4th Edition Revised and Updated, Concepts

Publishing Co., Waitsfield, Vermont, 1993. Gonsalves, Ralph E. 1994. History and the Future: A Caribbean Perspective. Quik-Print, Kingstown, St. Vincent. Williams, Eric. 1964. British Historians and the West Indies, P.N.M. Publishing, Port-of-Spain.


pagename=%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82&params=13. 25_N_-61. 2_E_type:country

[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&pagename=%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82&params=13_10_N_61_14_W_

[3] CIA World Factbook (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ vc. html#People)[4] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009&


[5] World Atlas (http:/ / www. worldatlas. com/ webimage/ countrys/ namerica/ caribb/ vc. htm) .[6] (http:/ / www. gov. vc/ Govt/ Government/ Executive/ Ministries/ PMOffice/ GeneralAdmin/

PrimeMinGA. asp?z=161& a=4760), 200 [7] Infoplease.com (http:/ / www. infoplease. com/ ce6/ world/ A0843160. html)[8] (http:/ / hdrstats. undp. org/ countries/ country_fact_sheets/ cty_fs_VCT. html), 2007-08[9] Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 15th edition (http:/ / www. ethnologue. com/

show_country. asp?name=VC). SIL International[10] St. Vincentians (http:/ / www. everyculture. com/ wc/ Rwanda-to-Syria/ St-Vincentians. html). everyculture.com[11] Country Fact Sheet on Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (http:/ / www. irb-cisr. gc. ca/ en/ research/ publications/ index_e.

htm?docid=306& cid=0& version=printable& disclaimer=show). Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada[12] (http:/ / www. mfa. gr/ www. mfa. gr/ el-GR/ Policy/ Geographic+ Regions/ Latin+ America-Caribbean/

Bilateral+ Relations/ St. + Vincent+ and+ Grenadines/ ), .[13] Voice of America (http:/ / www. voanews. com/ greek/ archive/ 2006-08/ 2006-08-04-voa13. cfm),

, 4 2006.[14] (http:/ / pdba. georgetown. edu/ Constitutions/ Vincent/ stvincent79. html) 1979[15] INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION (http:/ / www. ipu. org/ parline-e/ reports/ 2271. htm)[16] Freedom in the World - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2007) (http:/ / www. freedomhouse. org/ inc/ content/ pubs/ fiw/

inc_country_detail. cfm?year=2007& country=7262& pf)[17] (http:/ / worldaerodata. com/ wad. cgi?id=VC83415& sch=TVSV)[18] SVG Television (http:/ / www. svgbc. com/ svgtv. htm) - [19] http:/ / www. nbcsvg. com/[20] BBC (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ world/ americas/ country_profiles/ 1210689. stm)[21] http:/ / www. searchlight. vc/[22] http:/ / www. thevincentian. com/ pagedisplay. aspx?i=220[23] (http:/ / www. caricom. org/ jsp/ community/ st_vincent_grenadines. jsp?menu=community) Caricom[24] (http:/ / www. visitsvg. com/ intro/ symbol. html)[25] FIFA (http:/ / www. fifa. com/ associations/ association=vin/ index. html)

16

(http:/ / hdrstats. undp. org/ countries/ data_sheets/ cty_ds_VCT. html), 2008

( 2007/2008 Human Development Report). (http:/ / wwwn. cdc. gov/ travel/

destinationSaintVincentAndTheGrenadines. aspx) (http:/ / numismondo. com/ pm/ stv/ ) St Vincent and the Grenadines Genealogy Research (http:/ / sv. usaroots. com/ ) (http:/ / www. saintvincentbank. com) (http:/ / www. svgindianheritage. com)

(SVG Indian Heritage Foundation)

17

: 171948N 624000W17.33, -62.6667 [1]

: Country Above Self (A: )

: "O Land of Beauty!" : "God Save the Queen"

( )

1718N 6244W17.3, -62.733 [2]

'

.

19 198319 1983

%

261 km2 (203)135 .

2009

40.131[3] (203)154 ./km (72)

18

... (PPP) (2009)

0,729 . $[4] (178)13.491 $[4] (61)

... () (2009)

0,547 . $[4] (175)10.121 $[4] (52)

(2007) 0,838 (62) (XCD) (UTC -4)Internet TLD .kn +1-869

, . , . ( : Nuestra Seora de las Nieves) 3 . . , 1493.

1782.

, . . , 1623 , . (1783). 1958 1962 . 1882 1980 . 1980 19 1983.

10 1998 , 61,7%., 66,7% .

19

, , , , . , (). .

40.000 (40.131 2009[3] ) , ( 10% ) 70,33 () 76,25 (. 2009 73,2 ), . , , . (65%) . 4/5 .

.

14 (parishes), :1. -Christ Church Nichola Town (

)2. - Saint Anne Sandy Point ( )3. - Saint George Basseterre ( )4. - Saint George Gingerland ()5. - Saint James Windward ()6. - Saint John Capesterre ( )7. -Saint John Figtree ()8. -Saint Mary Cayon ( )9. - Saint Paul Capesterre ( )10. - Saint Paul Charlestown ()11. - Saint Peter Basseterre ( )12. - Saint Thomas Lowland ()13. - Saint Thomas Middle Island ( )14. - Trinity Palmetto Point ( )

20

, 1995.

, . , , . , 15 (, 3 ). , 6 1995 , . [5] 6 1995.

25 2010. 18 .

2010 2010, (SKNLP) . , SKNLP 6 8 (PAM) . 1.905 179[6] . (CCM) (NRP) [7] .

%

12.227 46,96 6

8.393 32,24 2

2.860 10,99 2

2.539 9,75 1

16 0,06

() 3

Ex-officio ( ) 1

( 81,24 %) 26.035 100 15

: ZIZ News [8] SKN Vibes.com [9]

21

, 2004 2004 50,6% 7 , 31,7% 1 , 8,8% 2 , 7,5% 1 , 1,2 % 3 ex-officio ().

, (EasternCaribbean Supreme Court ). . . 2001 ( ) , , , .

. , , . . , . , , .

:ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM,IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WTrO.

, 1896, (Saint Kitts and Nevis Defence Force)[10] . (). .

22

, .

[11] ( ). 60 . . . 4 . 16 .

1976, 5 16 .[12] 1997 97,6 %.[12] , , . , .

, .

, . ( Old Road Town) . , . , "Culturama" .

, , , . ( 1999 ) , , 1623 , .

23

, , 6, . , 2006.

St. Kitts & Nevis [13] - Ministry of Finance [14] - Nevis Ministry of Finance [15] - SKNVibes.com [16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

St. Kitts [20]

St.Kitts [21]

St. Kitts [22]

Nevis [23]

[24]


pagename=%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%82&params=17. 33_N_-62. 6667_E_

[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&pagename=%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%82&params=17_18_N_62_44_W_type:city

[3] CIA World Fact Book (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ sc. html)[4] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009&


[5] CUOPM.com - Jamaicans Ifrica, Duane Stephenson and Kittitian Masud Sadiki on Badness Outta Style School Tour (http:/ / www.cuopm. com/ )

[6] ZIZ (http:/ / www. zizonline. com/ news/ ?6ACD242E-2219-22DB-ABB64B33C3C4C359), St. Kitts Nevis Labour Party elected to afourth consecutive term in office -Two new comers on the Labour Party Parliamentary slate and one more for the opposition, 26 2010.

[7] Dominica News (http:/ / dominicanewsonline. com/ ?p=2623), Labour Party wins fourth term in St. Kitts-Nevis general elections, 25 2010.

[8] http:/ / www. zizonline. com/ news/ ?6ACD242E-2219-22DB-ABB64B33C3C4C359[9] http:/ / www. sknvibes. com/ elections/ elections_results_new. cfm[10] SKNDF Dion Phillips (http:/ / www. uwichill. edu. bb/ bnccde/ sk& n/ conference/ papers/ DEPhillips. html)[11] A-Z World Airports Online - Country Index - St Kitts-Nevis airports - Saint Kitts - Robert Bradshaw International Airport

(SKB/TKPK) (http:/ / www. azworldairports. com/ airports/ a1326skb. cfm)[12] "Saint Kitts and Nevis" (http:/ / www. dol. gov/ ilab/ media/ reports/ iclp/ tda2001/ saint-kitts-nevis. htm). 2001 Findings on the Worst

Forms of Child Labor. , (2002).[13] http:/ / www. gov. kn[14] http:/ / www. skbfinancialservices. com/[15] http:/ / www. nevisfinance. com/[16] http:/ / www. sknvibes. com/[17] http:/ / www. stkittstourism. kn/[18] http:/ / www. nevisisland. com/[19] http:/ / www. discover-stkitts-nevis-beaches. com/[20] http:/ / www. stkittsanglicanchurch. org[21] http:/ / numismondo. com/ pm/ stk/[22] http:/ / www. caribbean-on-line. com/ islands/ sk/ skmap. shtml[23] http:/ / www. caribbean-on-line. com/ islands/ sk/ nvmap. shtml

24

[24] http:/ / local. google. com/ local?f=q& hl=en& q=Jamaica& ll=17. 25099,-62. 600098& spn=0. 354108,1. 065674& t=k

25

: 1703N 6148W17.05, -61.8 [1]

: Each Endeavouring, All Achieving ,

: Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee , 1

( )

24.226 (2000)177N 6151W17.117, -61.85 [2]

-

.

1 19811 1981

%

442,6[3] km2 (195)193 .

26

2009

85.632[4] (193)184 ./km (59)

... (PPP) (2009)

1,544 . $[5] (170)18.161 $[5] (46)

... () (2009)

1,180 . $[5] (163)13.872 $[5] (44)

(2007) 0,868 (47) (XCD) AST (UTC -4)Internet TLD .ag +261 1 To God Save The Queen , .

442,6 km 85.632 [4] ( 193 ). . 1981. -. .

27

2002.

: . . , . , , .

280 . . . . 402 . 62. . (). . .

.

2.400.. , . 12 . , . Waladli . 1493 (Santa Maria de la Antigua), . 1632 .

1674 , . 1834 ,

28

. , 20 . 1943 , . , . 1 1981 , . 1993 , , 1994 1999. 1995 . 2004, .

, 2004.

. -. .

, 17 , 17 , . , 23 2004 4 ( 1949 ), 13 . ( 1994, [6] .

, . . 2001 .

29

, 1981- : 1 198110 1993 : 10 199330 2007 -: 17 2007

, 1960-1967 : 1 1960 - 27 1967

(Premiers), 1967-1981 (1 ): 27 1967 - 14 1971 : 14 1971 - 1 1976 (2 ): 1 1976 - 1 1981

, 1981- : 1 1981 - 9 1994 : 9 1994 - 24 2004 : 24 2004 -

2009 17 2009 .[7] . 12 2009 151 48 [8] . [9]

[10]

. , .[11] , 13 , 9 17 , 7 ,ALP.[12]

+/ % +/ +/ 21.205 887 51,1 1,8 9 3

19.460 +2.916 47,0 +5,2 7 +3

474 +66 1,1 +0,1 1 0

194 +15 0,5 +0,0

119 +119 0,3 +0,3

100,0 17

: antiguaelections.com [13]

30

2004 23 2004. 52,9% 12 17 , 41,7 4 , 1% 1 , 1% 1%.

170 .

6 (parishes):

1. 4473

2. 14121

3. 5303

4. 6117

5. 3622

6. 2964

( 1.241 ) . , , 21.514 .

. . 11.000 2002. , , , . , , . . .

31

( 90%) , . , . , . , . 4.500 . , 97% 45% . , . 18,4% . 2% . 2006 156 . . 74,76 (72,81 76,81 ), 2009[4] . 40% . , . , . . () .

.

. . , , . , . , .

, . . . , (1834) , , (1703) . , 18 , . , 18 .

32

, 17 18 . . (Antigua Racer Snake), . 200 . . , .

, Daily Observer Antigua Sun. , . 1.165 . , 400 . 2002. . 3 , 2005. .

( 90%). , Mt. St. John Medical Centre. .

, , , , , .


pagename=%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1&params=17. 05_N_-61. 8_E_type:country

[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&pagename=%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1&params=17_7_N_61_51_W_type:city

[3] [4] CIA World Fact Book (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ ac. html)[5] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009& ey=2009&

scsm=1& ssd=1& sort=country& ds=,& br=1& pr1. x=35& pr1. y=10& c=311& s=NGDPD,NGDPDPC,PPPGDP,PPPPC,LP& grp=0& a=). ( 2009) ( 18-10-2009 )

[6] (http:/ / www. thecommonwealth. org/ YearbookInternal/ 138031/ politics/ ), .

[7] Trinidad Express (http:/ / www. trinidadexpress. com/ index. pl/ article_news?id=161441756), Spencer announces March election forAntigua, 19 2009.

[8] Antigua Sun (http:/ / www. antiguasun. com/ paper/ ?as=view& sun=281935077507132005& an=333148089303112009&ac=Local),POLLING DAY Antiguans and Barbudans elect a new government today , 12 2009.

[9] Radio Jamaica (http:/ / www. radiojamaica. com/ content/ view/ 16283/ 88/ ), Antiguans await outcome of general election, 12 2009.

[10] Caribbean Net News (http:/ / www. caribbeannetnews. com/ news-14886--38-38--. html), OAS signs agreement with Antigua-Barbudaelectoral commission , 12 2009.

[11] Ramjeet, Oscar (09-03-2009). "Three-member Commonwealth team in Antigua-Barbuda to observe elections" (http:/ / www.caribbeannetnews. com/ news-14789--4-4--. html). Carribbean Net News. . 09-03-2009.

[12] Caribbean Net News (http:/ / www. caribbeannetnews. com/ breaknews-14916--4-4---breaknews. html), Incumbent UPP wins controversialelections in Antigua-Barbuda, 13 2009.

33

[13] http:/ / www. antiguaelections. com/ electionday/ 2009/ default. htm

, , 6, . , 2006.

(http:/ / www. ab. gov. ag) Antigua & Barbuda (http:/ / www. antigua-barbuda. org/ index. html), Wikitravel: ( )gag:Antigua hem Barbuda

34

: 190600N 721960W19.1, -72.3333 [1]

: L'Union Fait La Force

: La Dessalinienne

( )

--1.082.8001832N 7220W18.533, -72.333 [2]

,

-

1 180429 1987

%

27.750 km2 (146)0,7360 .1.771 .

2009

9.035.536[3] (35)326 ./km (38)

35

... (PPP) (2009)

11,985 . $[4] (136)1.340 $[4] (158)

... () (2009)

6,908 . $[4] (133)772 $[4] (150)

(2007) 0,532 (149) (HTG) (UTC -5)Internet TLD .ht +509 1988 1989.

H . La Gonve, LaTortue (Tortuga), Les Cayemites, le a Vache, . . 27.750 . 9.035.536, 2009.[3]

-- (Port-au-Prince), , . , , , 1804. . 1 1804. , . , - (Jean-BertrandAristide) 29 2004. .

. . . . . 60%, . , 3.175 . , . , . . . , . , 23 . 28-30 . , . 1963 , 5.500.

36

(1961-2003) FAOSTAT.

8.131.513 2001. 1,838% ( 2009). 35,69 /1000 10,15 /1000 ( 2008)[3] .

. ( ).

299 ( 2006), . . . , ( ). . 30% , . ( ) 10% . , , (bruns) ' . , , 1987. 66,18 53,01 ( 59,69) , 2009[3] . , 80% 16% . , . ( ) . --, . , . , , , , .

, , . , 83 , , 27 . 2006 . 18 [3] .

37

. 9 , :

6,908 . $(133 ) 772 $ ( 2009).

(80%) ., , , , , , . , . 70% . , , . . . , , . . . , , , . . , . .

38

, . 1999 4.100 . . , . 12 . H .

, 1493 . . . 16 . 1697. 1749 , --, 1770 , . . 1803 1804 , . , . , , , , 25 , . 100 . , . , . 1858 . 1915 1934. 1957 , -. 1986 , . , 1991 1994, . 7 2002 2004, , . , 2006 .

, 6 1492. (). , , . , . 1517 , .

39

17 , (). 1697 , ., . ( ) ( ).

. , , , , 1791, . ' . 1794 ' , . 1801 ' . , . , .

1802 ' , . , 1804. , , 1806. , , , , (1807). . , , , .

1820 . . 1821 . 1822 . , , , (1822). 1825 , (1843) , . . , 1844.

40

, 1847 , (1849- 1859), , 1859 , (1867). , , . 1910 1912 , 1913 , 1914 1915 . , , 1915 . (1915-1922) (1922-1930). , , (1934).

1941 , . 1946 , , 1950 . , , (1950) . , 1956. (1956-57) , 1957. , . . , . , (1961) , . , . 1965, 1964 , . . - , , 22 1971 , , . 1985 . 1986 . , ( 1987) , . , 1987. ( 1988) . . 1990.

41

1990 . 1991 . , . 1994 . 1995 . , , 2000, .

, , 2000. 2003 . 17 2001 , , 4 , . , . , , , . , , , 2004. 29 . , , , . 2006, .

2008 2008 , [5] . 9 . 5 , . , , 16 [6] - , 12 2008. 27 2008 .[7] , 7 , 12 2008[8] 51 35 . 2008 , 150 [9] .

42

2010 12 2010 21:53 UTC, 7,3 , 200 .[10] --.[11]

. (13 ) - , CNN, " 200.000". .

(1920), , , , 1780. , 17 (1810-13), , 1842. . 19 . (1805- 1820) , , , 1982. , . . . . . , .

, , 2, . 79-81, . - , 2006. , , , , . 47-49. , , , 6, 2006.

[1] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el& pagename=%CE%91%CF%8A%CF%84%CE%AE& params=19. 1_N_-72.

3333_E_type:country[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el& pagename=%CE%91%CF%8A%CF%84%CE%AE&

params=18_32_N_72_20_W_type:city[3] CIA World Factbook (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ ha. html).

AIDS, .

[4] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009& ey=2009&scsm=1& ssd=1& sort=country& ds=,& br=1& pr1. x=35& pr1. y=10& c=263& s=NGDPD,NGDPDPC,PPPGDP,PPPPC,LP& grp=0& a=). ( 2009) ( 18-10-2009 )

[5] in.gr (http:/ / www. in. gr/ news/ article. asp?lngEntityID=889891& lngDtrID=245) , 10 2008

[6] Los Angeles Times (http:/ / www. latimes. com/ news/ nationworld/ world/ latinamerica/ la-fg-haiti13apr13,1,3759951. story?track=rss)[7] (http:/ / www. e-tipos. com/ newsitem?id=34082), , 27/04/2008[8] TV New Zealand (http:/ / tvnz. co. nz/ view/ page/ 425822/ 1777623) , Haitian lawmakers reject new PM, 13/05/2008[9] , in.gr (http:/ / www. in. gr/ news/ QuickNews. asp?lngEntityID=905565), 31 2008

43

[10] Magnitude 7.0 - Haiti Region (http:/ / earthquake. usgs. gov/ earthquakes/ eqinthenews/ 2010/ us2010rja6/ ) ( 2010-01-12 )[11] Major earthquake off Haiti causes hospital to collapse - Telegraph (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ news/ worldnews/

centralamericaandthecaribbean/ haiti/ 6977308/ Major-earthquake-off-Haiti-causes-hospital-to-collapse. html). telegraph.co.uk (2010-01-12 )

bjn:Haiti gag:Haiti

44

: 371060S 672200W-37.1833, -67.3667 [1]

: En unin y libertad

: Himno Nacional Argentino

( )

3420S 5830W-34.333, -58.5 [2]

- -

9 181618211 1853 ( 1860 )

45

%

2.766.890 km2 (8)1,1%9.861 .4.989 .

2009 2001

40.913.584[3] (31)36.260.13014,7 ./km (203)

... (PPP) (2009)

566,922 . $[4] (23)14.126 $[4] (57)

... () (2009)

301,331 . $[4] (31)7.508 $[4] (63)

(2007) 0,866 (49) (ARS) ART (UTC -3)Internet TLD .ar +54

, , , . . , , , . (), . , . , . 469 (469 Argentina), 1901,

.

argentum(), ,. [5] . 1602 "La Argentina y conquista delRo de la Plata" . Argentina 18 ,, . 1826. 1853 1860 ,

46

.

( ) 2.766.891., 2.736.691 30.200 . - 3.900 , - 1.400 .

: , () , , . , 6.962 [6] ( ), [7] . ,

-105 [8] . . . , , 1904 .

:: , . , . . : . , , , . .: , . . , .: , , . , , . ,

47

. .: , . , . , . , - . : , 6.000 , . , , . , .

, , , , , , . , . , , , .

, . , , . ' / . , 27C 41C[9] .

4.665 [10] . , ( ). . . , . . , .

48

.

.

, , . , . , . . . , . .

. 49,1C 2 1920. -39C , , 17 1972.

, . , . 6.000 , 120/. , . , , . . , 19 , .

49

, 1810 .

( , ) 11.000 .. ( , , , ). 1480, . , , . ( ) 17 .

,

, .

1516 1580. 1776 , . , , . 1/3 , . . 1806-07, .

25 1810, 7 , , ( ). : (1810) () (1815). , , . 1811, .

50

1829-52.

,

1869.

(Hiplito Yrigoyen),

,1928

1814 1817 , . 1817 , . , 9 1816, . 1820 , , . 1825, 1828 -. , , , , , .

() () 1852, , 1853 . 1865 , [11] .

1870, , . , 1870 [12] [13] .

1880 1929, . , 15 [14] . 1912, ( ) . , , 1916.

. , 1930.

51

, . , .

1946, , . , , , . . 1947 [15] .

(1946)

, . . [16] . [14] . 1952 33 , . , . 1955, .

.

, 1958 , , , . [14] . 1962 1963 . , , 1966. , . , 7% 1975. , 1973. [17] . 1974, , , . , , 24 1976.

'60 '70, , [18] . , . , SIDA DINA , CIA, . ,

52

[19] . . [14] . , , , , 1983.

(1983) , . . , . . . 1989 , [20] . 1990, , - 1991 , , . '90. , . 1998 , . 1999, [21] . , . , . . 20 2001, 1890. . [22] .

53

. , 7 2009 [23] 10 2007 .

18 . .

2009 28 2009 . .[24] [25] 25 2009, , , .[26] .[27]

( 6 ) , [28] . O , , , . , [29] . , , 7 .

:127 257

:24 72

% %

2.778.326 14,50% 19

1.679.084 8,80% 14

415.404 2,20% 6 -

1.018.515 5,30% 8 -

( )

5.891.330 30,80% 47 8

3.794.853 19,80% 28 -

639.818 3,30% 4 -

381.067 2,00% 3 -

734.009 3,84% 6

( )

5.549.747 28,94% 41 14

(- )

3.391.391 17,70% 20 0

Projecto Sur 437.634 2,30% 4

54

402.502 2,10% 2

255.566 1,30% -

() 1.092.702 5,70% 6 0

3.208.917 16,77% 13 2

19.134.087 127 24'

27.797.930

20.123.715

989.628 4,90%

: Adam Carr [30] [31]

(2001) (INDEC) , 36.260.130, . 2008 40.482.000. 15 .., 50 .. . , 14.000 ./.., 1./.. 28% 0 14 , 62% 15-64 10% 65 . 1,11% , 19,51 1.000 8,62 1.000 , . 2009 76,56 (73,32 79,97 ).[3] . , 0,4 1.000 .

- 85% 15% . (93%) 10%, 2% 6% , (1,5%) 330.000 .

25 , :

55

1 & 31 12.789.000

2 1.372.000

3 1.242.000

4 885.000

5 789.000

6 732.000

7 604.000

8 516.000

9 493.000

10 453.000

11 377.000

12 357.000

13 345.000

14 304.000

15 298.000

16 287.000

17 268.000

18 255.000

19 229.000

20 196.000

21 192.000

22 172.000

23 161.000

24 148.000

25 141.000

56

: ( ), ,

,

23 (provincias) , (capital federal - CiudadAutnoma de Buenos Aires):

57

1853, 1880, . , . , 1989. , . (), 376 . 134 , . . , , , , , , , , , , .

(Fiesta del Inmigrante)

19

20 ,

.

, , . 19 20 , 86% . . 25 (60% ) . 8% (mestizo), , 4% . , 600.000 .

, 6,2 . 19 20. ( , , ), ( ), . ,

, , , , , , , . ,

58

, , , , , , , . , , .

1906 ,

(Hotel Inmigrantes) .

, . , , , 60.000 .

, , 15-20% , . . , 1902. 100-120 . , , , . , , , . , , , . , 1940, 1982.

. , , , . 750.000 , (Patria Grande) . 670.000 .

59

.

.

, , 10% . 3 , 12.8 ., . , , 1.3 1.2. , , .

, , . , 1930 . 1990 , . , "villas miserias", , 4.000.000 (750.000 ). , , '60 '90. 2001-2002, . , . , (plaza), . "damero" , , . 19 , damero, , .

60

: ,

.

(JorgeNewbery)

.

(Ministro Pistarini)

.

25 . .

, , . , 10 1913, 36 1998. , , , , , . , 1930 1980, . 1981 2002, . 1930, , . 1949-52 1959-63, , . , 1976 1983, . , , . 400.000 1982, 1983 2001 . , , 1975 1990. , 1991 . , . 1/3 . , 1995 2001. 2001-02 1930. 2002, , , 25%, 70%.

61

2003, . , . 9% (2003-07), 7% 2008. , 9% 2006, 12-15% , 15% 2008, . 18% 2008, 1/3 2002, 1976. 2002, . . 2008 32 2009-10, 4 . , , , . 2010 2001, 12,1 . [32] .

, , , , . 2007, 9,4% 1/3 . , , , 24% . , 8%. , . , 5% . , , 1990 .

- 2,5% (2007). 15 (1999) 5% , 28% 67% , .

, 2001, , . 16,3% ( 2003), 3,7% (2003) 51,7% ( 2003). 8 7% ( 2003). 11.200 (2003).

62

-- , , , , . 97,17 (2001) 92,12 . 7,417 5,662 (2001). 828.600 486.000 ./ ( 2001). 37,15 31,1 ( 2001).

- , , , . 2003 13,27 . 28,1%, .. 20,1% 6,2%. . 2003 29,57 . 18,8%, 11,5%, .. 11,5%, 4,5%, 4,2% 4,1%.

, , , . 1974 176 1.256. 297 ... 24 .

.

[33]

( ) [34]

[35]

Wikitravel [36]


pagename=%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE& params=-37. 1833_N_-67.3667_E_type:country

[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&pagename=%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE&params=34_20_S_58_30_W_type:city

[3] CIA World Fact Book (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ ar. html)[4] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009&


[5] (http:/ / www. perseus. tufts. edu/ hopper/ text?doc=Perseus:text:1999. 04. 0057:entry=#14768& redirect=true) -

[6] Mountains of the Earth (http:/ / home. comcast. net/ ~igpl/ Mountains. html) The Highest Mountain Peak on Each Continent[7] Aconcagua, the highest in the Western Hemisphere (http:/ / www. summitpost. org/ mountain/ rock/ 150197/ aconcagua. html)[8] Depressions (http:/ / home. comcast. net/ ~igpl/ Depressions. html) The Lowest Surface Point on Each Continent[9] SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO (http:/ / www. liveargentina. com/ Ingles/ Argentina/ SantiagodelEstero/ index. htm).

63

[10] Global Argentina (http:/ / www. natlaw. com/ pubs/ sparcs1. htm). National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade (1997)[11] Pro Diversitas, La guerra contra el Paraguay por Eduardo Galeano, 2005[12] Carlos A. Floria and Csar A. Garca Belsunce, 1971. Historia de los Argentinos I and II; ISBN 84-599-5081-6.[13] Argentina Desert War 1879-1880 (http:/ / www. onwar. com/ aced/ data/ alpha/ argentina1879. htm)[14] Lewis, Paul. The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism. Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1990.[15] Todo Argentina: Pern () (http:/ / www. todo-argentina. net/ historia/ peronista/ peron1/ index. html)[16] Barnes, John. Evita, First Lady: A Biography of Eva Pern. New York: Grove Press, 1978.[17] Rock, David. Argentina, 1516-1982. University of California Press, 1987.[18] Nancy Scheper-Hughes. Child Survival: Anthropological Perspectives on the Treatment and Maltreatment of Children.[19] Andersen, Martin. Dossier Secreto. Westview Press, 1993.[20] Todo Argentina: Alfonsn () (http:/ / www. todo-argentina. net/ historia/ democracia/ alfonsin/ index. html)[21] Todo Argentina: Menem () (http:/ / www. todo-argentina. net/ historia/ democracia/ menem2/ index. html)[22] Todo Argentina: de la Ra () (http:/ / www. todo-argentina. net/ historia/ democracia/ delarua/ index. html)[23] in.gr (http:/ / www. in. gr/ news/ article. asp?lngEntityID=1031245& lngDtrID=245),

, 8 2009.[24] Citing Economy Worries, Argentine Leader Seeks Early Vote - NYTimes.com (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2009/ 03/ 14/ world/

americas/ 14argentina. html)[25] Argentina adopts early congressional election (http:/ / abcnews. go. com/ US/ wireStory?id=7185073), Associated Press - ABC news,

26 2009.[26] Macri dispuso que se vote dos veces: el 28 de junio ser la primera (http:/ / www. infobae. com/ contenidos/

436154-100894-0-Macri-desdobla-las-elecciones), infobae.com, 13 2009.[27] La oposicin sali a criticar duro a Macri por desdoblar las elecciones (http:/ / www. clarin. com/ diario/ 2009/ 03/ 12/ um/

m-01875883. htm), Clarn, 12 2009.[28] (http:/ / www. tanea. gr/ default. asp?pid=41& nid=1028195),

, 29 2009.[29] Argentine leader suffers sharp blow in vote (http:/ / www. reuters. com/ article/ governmentFilingsNews/

idUSN2933099320090629?sp=true), Reuters, 29 2009[30] http:/ / psephos. adam-carr. net/ countries/ a/ argentina/

[31] Clarn Infografa () (http:/ / www. clarin. com/ diario/ 2009/ 06/ 28/ conexiones/ inicio_info. html)[32] in.gr (http:/ / news. in. gr/ economy/ article/ ?aid=1231049803),

2001, 23-6-2010.[33] http:/ / www. info. gov. ar[34] http:/ / www. presidencia. gov. ar[35] http:/ / www. turismo. gov. ar/[36] http:/ / wikitravel. org/ en/ Argentina

Argentina (http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Argentina) , GNU FDL CC-BY-SA 3.0 (http:/ / creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 0/ ). (/ (http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Argentina)).

64

: 74000N 651300W7.6667, -65.2167 [1]

: Dios y Federacin

: Gloria al Bravo Pueblo

( )

1030N 6656W10.5, -66.933 [2]

- -

5 181113 183030 1999

65

%

912.050 km2 (33)0,3%4.993 .2.800 .

2009 2001

26.814.843[3] (42)26.709.49529,4 ./km (175)

... (PPP) (2009)

357,521 . $[4] (31)12.496 $[4] (64)

... () (2009)

353,469 . $[4] (27)12.354 $[4] (48)

(2007) 0,844 (58) (VEF) AST (UTC -4:30)Internet TLD .ve +58 1: , 1999 .

(Venezuela , ) , . , . : , , , , . .

(Venezia), . , , . , , , .

66

,

1498-1499 , . 1521 . 1749 .

1810 1811, . , 1819 ( , , ). 1821 , .

, (1908-1935) (1948-1958).

1958 , (AD). 1970 . , 1980, .

( ). , . . 80% . Petroleos de Venezuela, PDVSA. 5 . , , 1960. . 1970, , .

67

. 2 1999 26 2010. 18 .

2009 2009 , .[5] , , , 2012. , 15 2009, 54% .[6] , "" 6.310.482 (54,85%) "" 5.193.839 (45,14%). 206.419 (1,79%) 11.501.321. 70,33%.[7]

2008 23 2008 , [8] , PSUV, , 17 22 . , . 65,45% . [9] .

2010 94 165 26 2010, ( 110), 52% . [10]

% ( )

(PartidoSocialista Unido de Venezuela)

5.451.419 48,3 96

(Mesa de la UnidadDemocrtica)

5.334.309 47,2 64

(Patria para Todos) 354.677 3,1 2

155.429 1,4 3

11.295.834 167

: Adam Carr's Election Archive [11]

68

2009 73,61 ( 70,54 76,83 )[3] .

25 2008 [12] .

.

[13]

: [14], "" .


pagename=%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1& params=7. 6667_N_-65.2167_E_type:country

[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&pagename=%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1&params=10_30_N_66_56_W_type:city

[3] CIA World Fact Book (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ ve. html)[4] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009& ey=2009&


[5] (http:/ / www. tovima. gr/ default. asp?pid=2& ct=2& artId=250788), , 16 2009.[6] (http:/ / news. kathimerini. gr/ 4dcgi/ _w_articles_world_100047_17/ 02/ 2009_303732), 54%, 17

2009.[7] Divulgacin Referendos Revocatorios (http:/ / www. cne. gov. ve/ divulgacion_referendo_enmienda_2009/ )[8] Reuters (http:/ / www. reuters. com/ article/ worldNews/ idUSTRE4AM0O020081123)[9] BBC (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ americas/ 7745165. stm)[10] (http:/ / www. makthes. gr/ news/ world/ 62103/ ), , , 28-9-2010.[11] http:/ / psephos. adam-carr. net/ countries/ v/ venezuela/ venezuela20101. txt[12] (http:/ / www. enet. gr/ online/ online_text/ c=111), ... , 26 2008.[13] http:/ / users. hol. gr/ ~emvenath/ griego. html[14] http:/ / www. ert. gr/ exandas/ venezuela/

69

: 164243S 643958W-16.7119, -64.6661 [1]

: "La unin es la fuerza!" !

: Bolivianos, el hado propicio,

(, ) 36 [2]

6 18257 2009

%

1.098.581 km2 (28)1,29%6.940 .

70

2009 2001

9.775.246[3] (86)26.709.4958,9 ./km (217)

... (PPP) (2009)

45,488 . $[4] (88)4.448 $[4] (117)

...() (2009)

17,549 . $[4] (100)1.716 $[4] (123)

(2007) 0,729 (113) (BOB) (UTC -4)Internet TLD .bo +58

( 4 2009[5] ) . , , , . 1.098.580 km 9.775.246, 2009[3] . , 2006, . , . 16 , , . 1809, 16 , 6 1825. , 9 . , , . , , , , , .

71

950 ().

, , , () () . , , . 1500 , . 5 7 , . , 6,5 . . 15.000 30.000 .

400 , , , , . , ,

. , , . , . 950 , . , . . , , . , .

72

(14381527).

, , . 50 1000 , , . , .

1438 1527, . , , .

1524 , 1533 . , , o . , (Audiencia de Charcas - ), , .

16 , , . , , , . , , 1776. , , , .

73

1809 16 . 6 1825 . 1836, , , . , , . , 1836. , , . , . , . . , , , . . . , . , . 1841, . , . 1842, , . , 19 . 1879 1883 , , . , . , , 1903 , . 19 , . , , 1930 , . , , . , , . , (1932-35), .

74

(MNR) . 1951, MNR 1952. , . 12 , , 1964 . 1969, , 1966, . , ( ) 1971. MNR 1974, . , . 1978, .

(1961-2003) FAOSTAT (

).

9.775.246 (86 ). 1,772% ( 2009)[3] . 22,31 /1000 7,35 /1000 ( 2008). (La Paz). 2009 66,89 (64,2 69,72 ).[3]

75

9 ( :departamentos). , :

Beni (Trinidad) Chuquisaca (Sucre) Cochabamba (Cochabamba) La Paz (La Paz) Oruro (Oruro) Pando (Cobija) Potos (Potos) Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz de la Sierra) Tarija (Tarija) (provincias).

44,792 $ ( 2009). 3,70% (2004). 4.380 $ ( 2009).

. , 18 , 21 . . [3] .

2009 6 2009. , 62,5% 28,2% , PPB. [6] . . 2/3. [7] .

2.943.209 64,22 88 26

1.212.795 26,46 37 10

258.971 5,65 3

106.027 2,31 2

23.257 0,51

15.627 0,34

12.995 0,28

9.905 0,22

76

4.582.786 94,31

156.290 3,22

120.364 2,48

4.859.440 100 130 36

: Comisin Nacional Electoral [8]

2008 10 2008 4 . . , 60%.[9] . 2008 , . , 18 [10] .

2009 25 2009 . , , . [11] .[12] 58,3%, 41,7%, , Unitel 60%, 40% .[13] " ". 6 2009.[14] 2014 ( ) 2009. , 7 2009.[15]

, 2009[16]

1.834.133 60,99%

1.173.053 39,01%

3.007.186 95,79%

132.150 4,21%

3.139.336 100,00%

90,55%

77

.


pagename=%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1& params=-16. 7119_N_-64. 6661_E_type:country[2] , 5-I: Son idiomas oficiales del Estado el castellano y todos los idiomas de las naciones y pueblos indgena

originario campesinos, que son el aymara, araona, baure, bsiro, canichana, cavineo, cayubaba, chcobo, chimn, ese ejja, guaran,guarasuwe, guarayu, itonama, leco, machajuyai-kallawaya, machineri, maropa, mojeo-trinitario, mojeo-ignaciano, mor, mosetn,movima, pacawara, puquina, quechua, sirion, tacana, tapiete, toromona, uru-chipaya, weenhayek, yaminawa, yuki, yuracar y zamuco.

[3] CIA World Factbook (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ bl. html)[4] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009& ey=2009&


[5] A5 (http:/ / publications. europa. eu/ code/ el/ el-5000500. htm)

[6] "Evo Morales routs rivals to win second term in Bolivian elections" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ world/ 2009/ dec/ 06/bolivia-evo-morales-presidential-elections). FT. 7 2009. . 06 2009.

[7] "Evo Morales routs rivals to win second term in Bolivian elections" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ world/ 2009/ dec/ 06/bolivia-evo-morales-presidential-elections). FT. 7 2009. . 06 2009.

[8] http:/ / www. cne. org. bo/ PadronBiometrico/ COMUNICACION/ ACTADECOMPUTONACIONALGENERALES2009. pdf[9] (http:/ / www. kathimerini. gr/ 4dcgi/ _w_articles_kathremote_1_11/ 08/ 2008_243919),

, 11 2008[10] (http:/ / www. kathimerini. gr/ 4dcgi/ _w_articles_kathremote_1_21/ 10/ 2008_252990),

, 21 2008.[11] (http:/ / www. e-tipos. com/ newsitem?id=71964), , 25

2009.[12] AFP: Bolivia, opposition agree on referendum, Morales term limit (http:/ / afp. google. com/ article/

ALeqM5gB5oDjsDucD02k7d0na6LgLzUYMg)[13] "Un pas dividido aprueba la nueva CPE con el 58,7%" (http:/ / www. la-razon. com/ versiones/ 20090126_006619/ nota_249_752935. htm)

( ). La Razn (La Paz). 26-01-2009. . 26-01-2009.[14] "Bolivien: Einigung ber Verfassungsreferendum" (http:/ / diepresse. com/ home/ politik/ aussenpolitik/ 424062/ index. do?_vl_backlink=/

home/ index. do) ( ). Die Presse. Austrian Press Agency. 21-10-2008. . 25-01-2009.[15] BBC (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ americas/ 7877107. stm), 7 2009.[16] Referndum Nacional Constituyente 2009 (http:/ / www. cne. org. bo/ ResultadosRNC2009/ ).

(27-01-2009) ( 2009-01-27 )

- " ", (http:/ /

www. europarl. europa. eu/ news/ public/ story_page/029-47353-026-01-05-903-20090128STO47352-2009-26-01-2009/ default_el. htm)

78

: 1039S 5257W-10.65, -52.95 [1]

: Ordem e Progresso

:

1545S 4757W-15.75, -47.95 [2]

7 182229 18255 1988

79

%

8.511.965[3] km2 (5)0,6516.885 .7.491 .

2009 2007

190.963.969[4] (5)189.987.29123 ./km (184)

... (PPP) (2009)

2.002,044 . $[5] (9)10.456 $[5] (78)

...() (2009)

1.481,547 . $[5] (8)7.737 $[5] (61)

(2007) 0,813 (75) (BRL) (UTC -2 -4)Internet TLD .br +55

(. Brasil), (Repblica Federativa doBrasil) , . , , . , , . , , , , , , , , , , . 7,491., , , , , . 1500, , 1822. 1889, 1824, . 26 5.564 . . . , . , , , , . 293 (Brasilia), 1890,

.

80

, , : , , , , , , . , , . , , , , , 8.511.965 ..

10.000 , 22 1500. , 1550, . 1888, " ", , . 1815 13 1822 , , . 7 1822 " " " ". 1831 , , 14 . . - 1930-1934 1937-1945 , 1964-1985, . 1985], , . 1993, . . 1 2003 1 2003.

81

, , 9000 .. 1500 .. 3 , 2000 .

188 155,000 , 2007, 67 . 2005

40 . , , . 1500, , . , , . ' , () , (). . .

1519

, , , . . 1530, , . , . , 1549 , 1567 . . 18

82

. , 17 18 , , . 17 , , , , . 18 , (Minas Gerais). . , , 1789. ' , . 18 , . , , , . , , . , .

' 1873

1808, , , , , . 1808 1815, . , , (1815-1825) . ' 1821, , . , 7 1822, , , . 1825. 1824, , , . , , , .

1831. , ',

83

. 1840 , 1835, . ' 1840. , , 1850, 1888. , 1850, . 1888 , . 1870, , . , , . , 1889 ' .

,

' , , . 1889 1930, , . 1945, 1951 1954.

. 1930, , . (1956-1961) "50 ", . 1964, 1985. 1967 . '64 , 1889, 1930 1945. 1988 . . 1992 . , , , , , . 1994, , 1998. 2002, , 2006, .

84

,

: , , . . . : , , , , , . , . , . . . 18 65 . , , , ( ). . , . . . , ., , .

.

, . , . , . . , 1988 . .

2007 53 . , . , . , .

85

, . . , , .

. ', . ' 1990, , . , , . , , . , , . ,, .

, . ( ) , . . 700, . 190,000 .

86

.

, , , 26 (estados), (distrito federal) , , , . .

( ) :

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3.

, , , . (governador), , (assemblia legislativa). , (municpios) (cmara de vereadores) (prefeito). , . (distritos) , .

(estados) , . , . .

87

. , . , , . 1977, . , , . 1988, . , .

(municpios) , . . , . , . , (comarca).

, .

(Distrito Federal) . (planalto central) 19 . , , .

1960, (Minas Gerais). , , .

, , 1960 1975, . , . , , . . , 1 .

, . , . 1904, . 1943, ' , . , , ,

88

, , , . 1946, . , . . 1956 1962 . 1962, . 1988, , , , .

.

, . , . 1969 (5) . , , , . 45% , . , , , . .

30% , , . . , . , . , . , . . , . , , , , , .

89

. , . , , , .

1,481 $[5] (8 , 2009). 7.737 $( 2009).

(1961-2003) FAOSTAT.

198.739.269, 2009[6] . 2000 169.799.170 . 1.199% ( 2009). 18,72/1000 6,35/1000 ( 2008). , 2009, 71,99 (68,43 , 75,73 )[6] .

.

. , 49,4% ( 93 ) , 42,3% ( 80 ) ( ), 7,4% ( 13) , 0,5% (1 .) 0,4% ( 520,000) . , . 1500 , . , 700.000 4 . . 19 , 60 . 5 1870 1953, , , . 20 , ., . , 25 , , 1,6 . , , , 12 . , , , .

90

, . , , , 20, 11 4 , . , . , , , , .

1 11.036.249 11 1.424.124

2

6.161.047 12 1.279.202

3 2.948.733 13 1.265.394

4

2.557.158 14 1.056.644

5 2.473.614 15 986.826

6

2.434.642 16

982.832

7 1.828.092 17 924.143

8 1.709.010 18

864.392

9 1.549.980 19

855.500

10 1.430.220 20

801.580

: [7] ( 2008)

.

73,6% , .

15,4% 7,4% . 1,3% ( 2,3

) 0,3%

Candombl, Macumba, Umbanda.

91

. 16-18 70 . 18 70 . [6] .

2010 2010 56% , 31 2010[8] .

1 3

2 31

(PT) (PMDB)

47.651.434 46,91% 55.745.867 56,05%

(PSDB)

(DEM)

33.132.283 32,61% 43.707.472 43,94%

(PV) (PV) 19.636.359 19,33%

(PSOL)

(PSOL)

886.816 0,87%

(PSDC)

(PSDC)

89.350 0,09%

(PSTU)

(PSTU)

84.609 0,08%

(PRTB)

(PRTB)

57.960 0,06%

(PCB)

(PCB)

39.136 0,04%

(PCO)

(PCO)

12.206 0,01%

101.590.153

91,36% 99.453.339 93,3%

3.479.340 3,13% 2.452.519 2,3%

6.124.254 5,51% 4.688.672 4,39%

111.193.747

81,88% 106.563.671

78,4%

24.610.296 18,12% 29.189.624 21,49%

135.804.433

100,00%135.753.295

100,00%

92

2010 3 2010. . 513 ( ) 54 81 . ( ).

2010

()

: 359/513

:136/513

: 15/513

(PSOL): 3/513

: 54/81

: 25/81

(PSOL): 2/81

.


pagename=%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1& params=-10. 65_N_-52. 95_E_type:country[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&

pagename=%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1& params=15_45_S_47_57_W_type:city[3] , ,

.[4] Brazilian Population Clock (http:/ / www. ibge. gov. br/ english/ )[5] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009& ey=2009&


[6] CIA World Factbook (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ br. html)[7] http:/ / www. ibge. gov. br/ home/ estatistica/ populacao/ estimativa2008/ POP2008_DOU. pdf[8] (http:/ / www. kathimerini. gr/ 4dcgi/ _w_articles_kathremote_1_31/ 10/ 2010_362170),

, 31-10-2010.

Curitiba Brazil (http:/ / www. curitiba-brazil. com) Brazil Pictures (http:/ / www. geographicguide. com/ brazil. htm)

93

: 1530N 9015W15.5, -90.25 [1]

: "Libre Crezca Fecundo"" "

: Himno Nacional de Guatemala

( )

1438N 9030W14.633, -90.5 [2]

-

15 182114 19861

%

108.890 km2 (106)0,4%1.687 .400 .

2009 2002

13.276.517[3] (68)13.354.000122 ./km (88)

94

... (PPP) (2009)

68,436 . $[4] (80)4.882 $[4] (110)

... () (2009)

36,471 . $[4] (79)2.602 $[4] (109)

(2007) 0,704 (122) (GTQ) (UTC -6)Internet TLD .gt +502 To 31 1985, 14 1986 25 1993 . 5 1993 1993 .

( : ) 108.890km 13.354.000 2009.[3] . . . Nahuatl Cuauhtmalln, , (. ), .

, , . () (). . . , (4.220.). . . . , . .

, . : , , , . , .

95

. (, ) , , , , . 9,1%, 8,4%, 7,9%, 6,3%, 8,6%). , . 1900, 885.000 [5] . , . ' 70, , . 2009 70,29 (68,49 72,19 ).[3]

. , . , 50 .

. , , . . , , .

, , , . , . (Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala), 9 . 69,1% 15 . .

, . . 10.000 .., 18.000 .., [6] . , , . 1518 , . , . ,, (Capitana General de Guatemala) (). 25 1524 (Villa de Santiago de Guatemala) . (Ciudad Vieja) 1527.

96

1541 , , , . ] 1776. 15 1821, . , . (Federacion de Estados Centroamericanos). (1826) , 1829 . , . , , 1837, , . . , 4 1944, . , 20 1944 , . 100 , . , , 85% . , , . 1954, ( , United Fruit Company CIA), , . . , 1957. . , , . , . . 60, , (1961). , 1963 , , . 1966 . 1970 1972. 1974 , . . 1976 25.000 . 1978 . 70 , (EGP) (ORPA). 1979 , . . 1980 , . , .

97

. 1982 , , , 100.000 , . , . , 1986, , . 1982 , EGP, ORPA, FAR PGT, (URNG), FMLN ,. 1991 , , . 1993, , . 1992 . 35 1996 ( ) ( 1996) . , , . 1997 . , , 2003. 1999 , 2000 . 2001 226 , 1982 . 2004 . . , 2007 , 14 2008. 2008 , , , 32 .[7]

, , , 4 . , . . 18 . . [3] . 14 2008.

98

4 2007, 52,8% 47,2% . 2007

(1

)

% (2

)

%

(UNE) 926.244 28,23% 52,23

(PP) 771.175 23,51% 47,24

(GANA) 565.270 17,23%

(CASA) 244.448 7,45%

(FRG) 239.208 7,29%

(UCN) 103.603 3,16%

(EG) 101.316 3,09%

- (PU) 95.743 2,92%

(PAN) 83.826 2,56%

MAIZE (URNGMAIZ)

70.080 2,14%

(UD) 24.971 0,76%

(ANN) 19.377 0,59%

(DIA) 18.819 0,57%

(DCG) 16.529 0,50%

( 60,5%) 3.280.609 100,0 100,0

132.983

208.260

3.621.852

: [8]

99

22 ](departamentos) 332 (municipios). :

H , , 2 5 . .

2/3 . , , , . , . 5,5% 2006. , 1996, . 1990, . . , . , . , 1974. 2005, , (DR-CAFTA),

100

. .

14.000 , 1995. , . , 900 . , . Aviateca, . 6 . 2008 374 . .

, . , . 1990, . , [9]

. . , . , VII . (300-900) , , , , 9 328 .. , . , . (1815), (1880), (1943) . 329 . . (), . 1773. 1776 , . , , , 1966. 1988 .

101


pagename=%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1& params=15. 5_N_-90.25_E_type:country

[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&pagename=%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1&params=14_38_N_90_30_W_type:country(108,890)

[3] CIA World Fact Book (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ gt. html)[4] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009& ey=2009&


[5] Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsbibliotheek (http:/ / www. library. uu. nl/ wesp/ populstat/ Americas/ guatemac. htm)[6] Ancient Guatemala (http:/ / www. authenticmaya. com/ ancient_guatemala. htm)[7] (http:/ / www. express. gr/ news/ world/

84317oz_2008100884317. php3), , 8 2008.[8] http:/ / resultados2007. tse. org. gt/ simogua/ Results?dep=0& mun=0& dist=0& lvl=1& jvm=12& elec=1[9] ASIL Insight: Pinochet Arrest in Chile (http:/ / www. asil. org/ insights/ insigh59. htm)

, , 6, . , 2006.

(http:/ / www. enet. gr/ online/ online_text/

c=111,id=64480932) Foto Guatemala, Maya, Rigoberta Menchu (http:/ / www. pbase. com/ perrona/ faces_of_central_america) (http:/ / www. atitlan. net/ riegel/ )

102

: 54360N 591900W5.7333, -59.3167 [1]

: "One people, one nation, one destiny" , ,

: "Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains" ,

( )

646N 5810W6.767, -58.167 [2]

.

26 19666 1980

103

%

214.970 km2 (182)8,42.949 .459 .

2009 2007

772.298[3] ) (159)769.0953,59 ./km (224)

... (PPP) (2009)

3,193 . $[4] (159)4.161 $[4] (120)

... () (2009)

1,196 . $[4] (162)1.558 $[4] (125)

(2007) 0,729 (114) (GYD) (UTC -4)Internet TLD .gy +592 ) AIDS, .

( ) . , , . 214.970 772.298 2009[3] . . 1966 . 1970 . 1999 .

2002, 43,5% -, 30,2% -, 16,7% , 9,2% ( ) . 1%. 2009 66,68 (64,09 69,4 ).[3]

.

104

. 28 2006. 18 .

.


pagename=%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1& params=5. 7333_N_-59. 3167_E_type:country[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&

pagename=%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1& params=6_46_N_58_10_W_type:city[3] CIA World Factbook (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ gy. html)[4] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009& ey=2009&


(http:/ / www. geographia. com/ guyana/ geninfo. html) (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ americas/ country_profiles/ 1211325. stm) BBC News Guyana (http:/ / www. britannica. com/ nations/ Guyana) Encyclopaedia Britannica Guyana (http:/ / ucblibraries. colorado. edu/ govpubs/ for/ guyana. htm) UCB Libraries GovPubs SDNP Guyana (http:/ / www. sdnp. org. gy) Guyana (http:/ / travel. state. gov/ travel/ cis_pa_tw/ cis/ cis_1133. html) travel.state.gov -

.

105

: 120700N 614000W12.1167, -61.6667 [1]

: Ever Conscious of God We Aspire, Build and Advance as One People ,

: Hail Grenada (,)1

1203N 6145W12.05, -61.75 [2]

,

'

.

7 197419 1973

344 km2 (199)121 .

2009

90.739[3] (187)264 ./km (45)

... (PPP) (2009)

1,151 . $[4] (171)11.179 $[4] (73)

106

... () (2009)

0,683 . $[4] (168)6.630 $[4] (70)

(2007) 0,813 (74) (XCD)

(UTC -4)(UTC -4)

Internet TLD .gd +1-473 God Save the Queen

344 km 90.739 2009 187 .[3] (Saint George's). .

311 , . . (838 .). , ( ) , ( ). ( 2 ..) ( 30 . .), . , . . , . 28 . . 3.000. .

, 13% , , . , . 2009 65,95 (64,06 67,85 ).[3] . 2009 0,46%. . ( 50% ). . , . (40%). , , , , .

107

, 1498. 1650 , . . 17 . , , 1763 1958, 1779-1783, . 1958 , 1962. 7 1974. . 1979 , , . 1983, 2.000 , 25 1983. , 1984 , . 1989, , . 1995 , . , . 1999 2003 . 2008 .

. , . 27 2008, . 2008 . 18 .

8 2008.

2008 8 2008 . [5] , 11 4 . . .[6]

% +/- +/-

% +/ +/ 29.007 50,97 +5,4 11 +4

27.189 47,77 0,2 4 4

478 0,84 2,4 0

Ole 3 0,01

12 0,02

222 0,39

( 80,3%) 56.911 100,0 15

70.869

108

: Grenada Broadcast [7]

2003

% +/- +/-

22,566 48.0 -14.2 8 -7

21,445 45.6 +20.7 7 +7

3.2 -

2.2 -

( 57.4%) 47,239 15

249

47,488

82,270

: Adam Carr [8], IPU Parline AFP

6 (Parishes):1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. . , , .

O . , . . 2002 5.000 .

. , . , . . , , , . . , , , , , . . , (, ). 12% , 2000.

109

. . .

. . , . . 1.127 . ( 2000). .

, , , ( 18 , 1825 ). . , . ( ) , . , , , . , . , . . , , . , . , . 7 , ( ). .

110

, , 6, .


pagename=%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1& params=12. 1167_N_-61. 6667_E_type:country[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&

pagename=%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1& params=12_03_N_61_45_W_type:city[3] CIA World Fact Book (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ gj. html)[4] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009& ey=2009&


[5] Search - Global Edition - The New York Times (http:/ / www. iht. com/ articles/ ap/ 2008/ 07/ 08/ news/ CB-Grenada-Elections. php)[6] Grenada Broadcast - GRENADIANS HAVE SPOKEN!!! (http:/ / www. grenadabroadcast. com/ content/ view/ 2818/ 1/ )[7] http:/ / grenadabroadcast. net/ pastshows/ GENERAL%20ELECTIONS%202008%20SCORE%20SHEET. pdf[8] http:/ / psephos. adam-carr. net/ countries/ g/ grenada/ grenada2003. txt

111

: 1900N 7040W19, -70.667 [1]

: "Dios, Patria, Libertad", ,

: Himno Nacional

( )

1828N 6954W18.467, -69.9 [2]

/

27 184416 1865 (2 )6 2009

%

48.730 km2 (130)0,7%360 .1.288 .

112

2009 2002

9.650.054[3] (82)8.562.541[4]198 ./km (57)

... (PPP) (2009)

78,314 . $[5] (74)8.672 $[5] (86)

... () (2009)

44,716 . $[5] (74)4.952 $[5] (81)

(2007) 0,777 (90) (DOP) (UTC -4)Internet TLD .do +1-809, +1-829, +1-849

H , . 2/3 . 48.730 km 9.650.054 ( 82 ), 2009[3] . , . 1844. .

.

H , . .

, . , , 3.175 . , . 1.249 . . , , " " . . , . , .

113

(1961-2003) . (FAOSTAT, 2005)

, 10 . . .

. , , . , ( ) . 11% . . 2009 73,7 (71,88 75,6 ).[3] . . . , ( ), , , .

, , . , 75%. . , , " ".

, . , 150 , 32 . . 18 . . [3] .

,

. , , 1496 , . , . , 17 . , , 1821 . 1844 , (1801 ' ) 1822 . 1844 . 1861 1865

114

. , , , . 1924 1930 , , . 1961 (1963, 1965) , , (1965). , , 7 , 1994, . 2004 . 6 2009 .

( ). , . . ' 90 . . , , , ,, , , , . , . . , . , , . . . 2005 17% 4,2%.

, , , , . , , . , . 517. 19.705 . H . , 25 , . . . 2008 36 .

. , . . , . , , , . , .

115

, , . , , , , . , . , , 1494. , . , (1992) . , 500 , , . , , 1992. , . 1990. ( 16 ), 16 ( , , ), 18 , , 1538 ( ) . . , , , .

, , 6, . , 2006.


pagename=%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1&params=19_00_N_70_40_W_type:country

[2] http:/ / toolserver. org/ ~geohack/ geohack. php?language=el&pagename=%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1&params=18_28_N_69_54_W_type:city

[3] CIA World Factbook (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ dr. html)[4] Presidencia de la Repblica; Generalidades (http:/ / www. presidencia. gob. do/ app/ pre_nuestro_pais. aspx?id=372) (

25-12-2008 ) , Dominicana en Cifras 2007 (http:/ / www. one. gob. do/ index. php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download& gid=420) 2002 Resultados Definitivos VIII Censo Nacional de Poblacin y Vivienda2002; Resultados Generales; Vol I. (http:/ / one. gob. do/ censo/ volumen_I_pdf. zip) ( PDF , 19MB total)

[5] World Economic Outlook Database (http:/ / www. imf. org/ external/ pubs/ ft/ weo/ 2009/ 02/ weodata/ weorept. aspx?sy=2009& ey=2009&scsm=1& ssd=1& sort=country& ds=,& br=1& pr1. x=35& pr1. y=10& c=243& s=NGDPD,NGDPDPC,PPPGDP,PPPPC,LP& grp=0& a=). ( 2009) ( 18-10-2009 )

116

: 134008N 885158W13.6689, -88.8661 [1]

: ''"Dios, Unin, Libertad"'(), ,

: 'Himno Nacional de El Salvador '

( )

134060N 891060W13.6833, -89.1833 [2]

15 1821184220 1983

%

21.041 km2 (152)1,4%545 .307 .

117

2009 1992

7.185.218[3] (98)5.118.198342 ./km (32)

... (PPP) (2009)

43,319 . $[4] (90)7.439 $[4] (94)

... () (2009)

22,166 . $[4] (95)3.806 $[4] (96)

(2007) 0,747 (106) (USD) (UTC -6)Internet TLD .sv +503

(: Repblica de El Salvador), "" (Cuscatln), 7.185.218 , 2009[3] . 98 . ( , ). , .

, 1500 .., . , , 31 1522. . 1524, (Cuzcatln, ), . 17 , . , , , . , . , 1525. ' 1546. . 1810 5 1811, , . 15 1821 () . 15 1821 . 1823 , . , 1838, .

118

. 1872 1898 . , 1895. ( 1898), . , , 1898. . , , ' 19 , ( ) , , , () . . , . , , , () 1912. (), . 20 . 1903 , 1931-32. 1930 , , . , , , 1932 . . 20.000 , "La Matanza". 1979, (PCN) . (1950-1956) (1956-1960) . , , 1961. , , 1962. 1967 . '60 . 1967 1969 . , , , 1992

119

. FMLN (ESAF) , (1980-1992) 75.000 . 1992 , FMLN , (ARENA), " " 16 1992, . . , . . " " . 13 2001 7,6 800 . 13 2001 255 .

, - . . . 1350 8855. ( ) , . .

84 . ( ) . 50% , . ( /, diputados) , , . . 18 . , 21 2004. 1 2004 1 2009. 2004 .

120

15 2009. (ARENA) , (FMLN). .[5]

O , 51,3% . (Salvador Snchez Cern). , , 48,7% .[6] ARENA 18 .[7] " "[8] .[8]

, , , .[9] .[10] [11] 1 2009.

% (Frente FarabundoMart para la Liberacin Nacional)

1.349.142 51,29%

(Alianza Republicana Nacionalista) 1.280.995 48,70%

( 62%) 2.630.137 100,00

4.226.479

: TSE [12]

18 2009 . , 262 , 84 20 . [13] (FMLN) , .[14] 24 FMLN 2006.[15] , 35 32 ARENA. , [16] .

121

% +/ +/

(F

Documents

Αμερικανικές Χώρες