πολιτευμα και φιλοσοφια στην αρχαια ελλαδα

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1 . Finley M. I., The world of Odysseus, London 1977, 39 2 . ( . . ) , , . . .., , ,1978, 67-71, Schadewalt W., , , ...., , 1989, 202-203

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11 . . 318a: Tij de\ th\n twn proba/twn a)ge/lhn kra/tistoj ne/mein; ti onoma au)t%; {ET.} Poimh/n. {SW.} Oi tou= poime/noj ara no/moi aristoi toij proba/toij. {ET.} Nai. {SW.} Oi de\ tou= bouko/lou toij bousi. { ET.} Nai. {SW.} Oi de\ tou= tinoj no/moi aristoi taij yuxaij twn a)nqrwpwn; ou)x oi tou= basile/wj; fa/qi. {ET.} Fhmi dh/. . . 268b: Pwj oun h(min o( lo/goj o)rqo\j faneitai kai a)ke/raioj o( peri tou= basile/wj, otan au)to\n nome/a kai trofo\n a)ge/lhj a)nqrwpinhj qwmen mo/non e)kkrinontej muriwn allwn a)mfisbhtou/ntwn; 12 - , . . 13 . . . 318-324, 494-496

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16 . . 441-465 , . , . Dodds, E. R., , ., , 1986 17 . . 325, 197, 172, 413

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: aie\n a)risteu/ein kai u(peiroxon emmenai allwn((((((( (( ( (. . 784) 19

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: mhrou= d' ektam' o)i+sto/n, a)p' au)tou= d' aima kelaino\n mhrou= d' ektam' o)i+sto/n, a)p' au)tou= d' aima kelaino\n niz'

udati liar%, e)pi d' hpia fa/rmaka pa/sse e)sqla/, ta/ se proti fasin Axillh=oj

dedida/xqai, (. . 831)

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. . ., , , 1996, . 19-21 21 . , , . , . 22 , , .

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. : soi de/ m' epempe ge/rwn ipphla/ta Phleu\j hmati t% ote s' e)k Fqihj

Agame/mnoni pe/mpe nh/pion ou pw eido/q' o(moii+ou pole/moio ou)d' a)gore/wn, ina t'

andrej a)riprepe/ej tele/qousi. touneka/ me proe/hke didaske/menai ta/de pa/nta,

mu/qwn te r(hth=r' emenai prhkth=ra/ te ergwn. (. . 438)

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. . . 39 . 40 . . kai kairou= du/namin e)ce/qeto kai lo/gwn a)gwnaj e)poih/sato. : pro\j to\ me/trion kai to\ pre/pon kai to\n kairo\n kai to\ de/on kai pa/nq' o(po/sa eij to\ me/son a)p%kisqh twn e)sxa/twn. (. . 284e) 41 , , 46-47

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: to\n de\ me/t' eiseno/hsa bihn

Hraklheihn, eidwlon: au)to\j de\ met' a)qana/toisi qeoisi te/rpetai(.

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46 547e - .

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: yuxh\ d' e)k r(eqe/wn ptame/nh

Ai+doj de\ bebh/kei on po/tmon goo/wsa lipou=s' a)ndroth=ta kai hbhn. ( . .

856)

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47 . A. . . 408b.: o( de\ nou=j eoiken e)gginesqai ou)sia tij ousa, kai ou) fqeiresqai. ma/lista ga\r e)fqeiret' an u(po\ th=j e)n t% gh/r# a)maurwsewj o( de\ nou=j iswj qeio/tero/n ti kai a)paqe/j e)stin. oti me\n oun ou)x oio/n te kineisqai th\n yuxh/n, fanero\n e)k tou/twn: 48 . . . 257b.: ei diwristai oti kineitai to\ kinhto/n: tou=to d' e)stin duna/mei kinou/menon, ou)k e)ntelexei#, to\ de\ duna/mei eij e)ntele/xeian badizei, estin d' h( kinhsij e)ntele/xeia kinhtou= a)te-lh/j.

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eij qeou\j a)nelqein;

a)lhqinh/n, tou= ontoj ousan e)pa/nodon,

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ar' ou)k a)qlhta\j twn megistwn a)gwnwn, oij a)ntagwnistai murioi

u(pa/rxousi; ( . . 830a )

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53 . . 270d 54 : h( po/lij me/xri hbhj qre/yei, wfe/limon ste/fanon toisde/ te kai toij leipome/noij twn toiwnde a)gwnwn protiqeisa: aqla ga\r oij keitai a)reth=j me/gista, toij de\ kai andrej aristoi politeu/ousin. (2.46)

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:: andr' a)gaqo\n me\n a)laqe/wj gene/sqai xalepo\n xersin te kai posi kai

no/wi tetra/gwnon aneu yo/gou tetugme/non

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, .58 ou)de/ moi e)mmele/wj to\ Pitta/keion ne/metai, kaitoi sofou= para\ fwto\j ei rhme/non: xalepo\n fa/t' e)sqlo\n emmenai. qeo\j an

mo/noj tou=t' exoi ge/raj, andra d' ou)k esti mh\ ou) kako\n emmenai, on

a)mh/xanoj sumfora\ kaqe/lhi: pra/caj ga\r eu pa=j a)nh\r a)gaqo/j, kako\j d' ei

kakwj :

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57 Bowra C., Greek Lyric Poetry .From Alcman to Simponides, Oxford University Press 1961. Bowra C., , , . .., ..., 1982 122 58 . . 1411b.:o\n a)gaqo\n andra fa/nai enai tetra/gwnon metafora/, amfw ga\r te/leia.: . . 1100b.: o g' wj a)lhqwj a)gaqo\j kai tetra/gwnoj aneu yo/gou. 59 ., , , . 2000 329

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.60 [ou)k eimi filo/yogoj, e)pei emoige e)carkei oj an mh\ kako\j hi] mhd' agan a)pa/lamnoj ei dwj g' o)nhsipolin dikan, u(gih\j a)nh/r: ou)

mh\n e)gw mwmh/somai: twn ga\r h)liqiwn a)peirwn gene/qla.

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ta\n Areta\n naiein dusamba/tois' e)pi pe/traij, nu=n de/ min qoan xwron

a(gno\n a)mfe/pein: ou)de\ pa/ntwn blefa/roisi qnatwn esoptoj, wi mh\ dake/qumoj

idrwj endoqen mo/lhi, ikhi t' e)j akron a)ndreia.

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kakoisi de\ mh\ prosomilei a)ndra/sin, a)ll' aiei twn a)gaqwn exeo:

. a)ll' aiei twn a)gaqwn exeo: kai meta\ toisin pine kai

esqie, kai meta\ toisin ize, kai andane tois', wn mega/lh du/namij.

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toisi kakoisin ahi dh=mo/n te fqeirousi dikaj t' a)dikoisi didou=sin oikeiwn kerde/wn eineka kai kra/teoj: elpeo mh\ dhro\n keinhn po/lin a)treme/' hsqai,

mhd' ei nu=n keitai pollh=i e)n h(suxihi, eut' an toisi kakoisi fil' a)ndra/si

tau=ta ge/nhtai,

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62 . . .492a-d 63 Ku/rne, ku/ei po/lij hde, de/doika de\ mh\ te/khi andra eu)qunth=ra kakh=j ubrioj h(mete/rhj. a)stoi me\n ga\r eq' oide sao/fronej, h(gemo/nej de/ tetra/fatai pollh\n eij kako/thta pesein. ou)demian pw, Ku/rn', a)gaqoi po/lin wlesan andrej, a)ll' otan u(brizein toisi kakoisin adhi dh=mo/n te fqeirousi dikaj t' a)dikoisi didou=sin oikeiwn kerde/wn eineka kai kra/teoj: elpeo mh\ dhro\n keinhn po/lin a)treme/' hsqai, mhd' ei nu=n keitai pollh=i e)n h(suxihi, eut' an toisi kakoisi fil' a)ndra/si tau=ta ge/nhtai, ke/rdea dhmosiwi su\n kakwi e)rxo/mena. e)k twn ga\r sta/sie/j te kai emfuloi fo/noi a)ndrwn: mou/narxoi de\ po/lei mh/pote th=ide adoi. . , , . . ( ., , . 329, , 2000)

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: Pindare sofwtate, sxedo\n ou)k an para\ fu/sin egwge faihn gignesqai, kata\ fu/sin de/, th\n tou= no/mou e(ko/ntwn a)rxh\n a)ll' ou) biaion

pefukuian. (.690c)

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: to\ ga\r e)mfue\j

out' aiqwn a)lwphc out' e)ribromoi le/ontej dialla/cainto hqoj

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64 . Guthrie W.K.C., The Sophists, Cambridge University Press 1971. Guthrie W.K.C., ,. ., ...., 2003 306

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65 . . 38: eit' eu)genh\j pe/fukaj eit' e)sqlwn kakh/. . . 874 All'eu)genh\j ga\r h( fu/sij ka)c eu)genwn, w te/knon, h( sh/, pa/nta tau=t' e)n eu)xerei eqou, boh=j te kai dusosmiaj ge/mwn.

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: Th\n Filokth/tou se dei yuxh\n opwj lo/goisin e)kkle/yeij le/gwn.

a)ll' au)to\ tou=to dei sofisqh=nai, klopeu\j opwj genh/sv twn a)nikh/twn oplwn. coida kai fu/sei se mh\ pefuko/ta toiau=ta fwnein mhde\

texna=sqai kaka/: a)ll' h(du\ ga/r toi kth=ma th=j nikhj labein, to/lma: (.

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: Cu/mfhmi, th\n fu/sin d' edeicaj, w te/knon e)c hj eblastej, ou)xi Sisu/fou patro/j, a)ll' e)c Axille/wj, oj meta\ zwntwn ot' hn

hkou' arista, nu=n de\ twn teqnhko/twn. (. . 1310)

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: hdh ga\r eidon andra gennaiou patro\j to\ mhde\n onta, xrhsta\ d' e)k kakwn te/kna, limo/n t' e)n a)ndro\j plousiou fronh/mati,

gnwmhn de\ mega/lhn e)n pe/nhti swmati.

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exousa, kale/sai me kai eipein: "W Swkratej, hmati ken trita/t% Fqihn

e)ribwlon ikoio. ( . . 44a)

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.( . . 28d) an tij e(auto\n ta/cv h(ghsa/menoj be/ltiston einai h u(p' arxontoj taxqv=, e)ntau=qa dei, wj e)moi dokei, me/nonta kinduneu/ein, mhde\n

u(pologizo/menon mh/te qa/naton

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(. . 484b)

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. estin ote kai oij be/ltion teqna/nai

h zh=n, oij de\ be/ltion teqna/nai,

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80 . . 67c Ka/qarsij de\ einai ara ou) tou=to sumbaiei, oper pa/lai e)n t% lo/g% le/getai, to\ xwrizein oti ma/lista a)po\ tou= swmatoj th\n yuxh\n kai e)qisai au)th\n kaq' au(th\n pantaxo/qen e)k tou= swmatoj sunageiresqai te kai a(qroizesqai, kai oikein kata\ to\ dunato\n kai e)n t% nu=n paro/nti kai e)n t% 67.d epeita mo/nhn kaq' au(th/n, e)kluome/nhn wsper [e)k] desmwn e)k tou= swmatoj;

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ka/qarsij tij twn toiou/twn pa/ntwn kai h( swfrosu/nh kai

h( dikaiosu/nh kai a)ndreia, kai au)th\ h( fro/nhsij mh\ kaqarmo/j tij v. (.

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.82 : to\ gnwnai, ti twn

e)n t% zh=n aireto/n (. . . 1215b)

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54

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57

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pa/nu sugxwrw to\n e)n [toij] lo/goij skopou/menon ta\ onta e)n eiko/si ma=llon

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o)rqwj emoige dokeij kalein, dialektiko\n kalwn: to\ de\ r(htoriko\n dokei moi

diafeu/gein eq' h(ma=j. (. . 266c )

kalliwn spoudh\ peri au)ta\ gignetai, otan tij tv= dialektikv= te/xnv xrwmenoj, labwn yuxh\n prosh/kousan, futeu/v te kai speirv met' e)pisth/mhj lo/gouj,

(. . 276e).

(. .231b) th=j de\ paideutikh=j o( peri th\n ma/taion docosofian gigno/menoj elegxoj e)n t% nu=n

lo/g% parafane/nti mhde\n all' h(min einai lege/sqw plh\n h( ge/nei gennaia

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diale/gesqai duna/mei, ta\j u(poqe/seij poiou/menoj ou)k a)rxa\j a)lla\ t% onti

u(poqe/seij, oion e)piba/seij te kai o(rma/j, ina me/xri tou= a)nupoqe/tou e)pi th\n tou=

panto\j a)rxh\n iwn, a(ya/menoj au)th=j, pa/lin au e)xo/au)toij di' au)twn eij au)ta/,

kai teleut#= eij eidh.

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a)podido/nai.97

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: ti fv\j to\n Simwnidhn le/gonta o)rqwj le/gein peri dikaiosu/nhj; Oti,

h d' oj, to\ ta\ o)feilo/mena e(ka/st% a)podido/nai dikaio/n e)sti98.

,

: Alla\ me/ntoi, hn d' e)gw, Simwnidv ge ou) r(#/dion a)pisteinsofo\j ga\r kai qeioj a)nh/r

dienoeito me\n ga/r, wj fainetai, oti tou=t' eih dikaion, to\

prosh=kon e(ka/st% a)podido/nai, tou=to de\ wno/masen o)feilo/menon.99

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tou=to h(gou/menoi ou)k exousi deicai htij fro/nhsij, a)ll' a)nagka/zontai

teleutwntej th\n tou= a)gaqou= fa/nai. (. . 505b)

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: Entuxwn de/ pote strathgein v(rhme/n% t%, Tou= eneken, efh, Omhron oiei to\n

Agame/mnona prosagoreu=sai poime/na lawn; ara/ ge oti, wsper to\n poime/na dei

e)pimeleisqai, opwj swai te esontai ai oiej kai ta\ e)pith/deia ecousi kai, ou

eneka tre/fontai, tou=to estai, outw kai to\n strathgo\n ta\ e)pith/deia ecousi

kai ou eneka strateu/ontai, tou=to estai;

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: Oti oiei tou\j poime/naj h tou\j bouko/louj to\ twn proba/twn h to\ twn bown a)gaqo\n skopein kai paxu/nein au)tou\j kai qerapeu/ein

pro\j allo ti ble/pontaj h to\ twn despotwn a)gaqo\n kai to\ au(twn, kai dh\ kai

tou\j e)n taij po/lesin arxontaj, oi wj a)lhqwj arxousin, allwj pwj h(gv=

dianoeisqai pro\j tou\j a)rxome/nouj h wsper an tij pro\j pro/bata diateqeih,

kai allo ti skope au)toi wfelh/sontai. (. .343b)

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faineto boulh/: o sfin e)u+frone/wn a)gorh/sato kai mete/eipen: (. . 326) Me/dwn, oj e)peu/qeto boula\j au)lh=j e)kto\j e)wn: oi d' endoqi mh=tin ufainon.

(. 677) Lae/rtv ta/de pa/nta parezo/menoj katale/cv, ei dh/ pou/ tina keinoj e)ni fresi mh=tin u(fh/naj (. 738) Faih/kessi filon

106 , , , 113

94

pa/ntessin eqhka. nu=n au deu=r' iko/mhn, ina toi su\n mh=tin u(fh/nw (.

302)

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95

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. : Pro\j to/de, hn d' e)gw: suxn% t% yeu/dei kai tv= a)pa/tv kinduneu/ei h(min deh/sein xrh=sqai tou\j arxontaj e)p'

wfeli# 459.d twn a)rxome/nw ( . .459c ) -

,

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( & )

. : kai th/nde

nu=n po/rpason a)sfalwj, ina ma/qv sofisth\j wn Dio\j nwqe/steroj. (. .

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a)pollu/oito h( yuxh/, to\ teleutaion ufasma tuxein au)th\n exousan kai tou/tou

mo/nou prote/ran a)po/llusqai.( . . 87e)

.

kra=sin einai kai a(rmonian

au)twn tou/twn th\n yuxh\n h(mwn. (87d)

-.: th\n au)th\n de\ tau/thn oimai eiko/na de/cait' an yuxh\ pro\j swma, kai tij le/gwn au)ta\ tau=ta peri au)twn me/tri' an moi fainoito le/gein, wj

h( me\n yuxh\ poluxro/nio/n e)sti, to\ de\ swma a)sqene/steron kai

o)ligoxroniwteron: a)lla\ ga\r an faih e(ka/sthn twn yuxwn polla\ swmata

katatribein, allwj te kan polla\ eth bi%ei ga\r r(e/oi to\ swma kai

a)pollu/oito eti zwntoj tou= a)nqrwpou, a)ll' h( yuxh\ a)ei to\ katatribo/menon

a)nufainoia)nagkaion mentan eih, o(po/te a)pollu/oito h( yuxh/,

.

.

,

. ma/qhsin a)na/mnhsin einai h yuxh\n

a(rmonian; ( . . 92c)

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ou/touj oun ma=llon fu/lakaj sthso/meqa h tou\j e)gnwko/taj me\n ekaston to\ on, e)mpeiri# de\ mhde\n e)keiwn e)lleipontaj mhd' e)n all% mhdeni me/rei a)reth=j

u(sterou=ntaj; (. . 484d)

110 Ea\n mh/, hn d' e)gw, h oi filo/sofoi basileu/swsin e)n 473.d taij po/lesin h oi basilh=j te nu=n lego/menoi

kai duna/stai filosofh/swsi gnhsiwj te kai ikanwj, kai tou=to eij tau)to\n

sumpe/sv, du/namij te politikh\ kai filosofia, twn de\ nu=n poreuome/nwn xwrij

e)f' e(ka/teron ai pollai fu/seij e)c a)na/gkhj a)pokleisqwsin, ou)k esti kakwn

pau=la, (. . 473c-d) , .

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(Euripides), Fabulae (), . G. Murray, . ' Clarendon

Press, Oxford 1974.

, Scolia in Euripides. ed. E. Schwartz, vol. I, Reimer/Berlin 1887.

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1997

(Thucydide), La guerre du peloponnese (

), . L. Bodin-J. De Romilly, Les Belles Lettres, Paris 1963.

(Thucydides), Historiae (), . H. Stuart Jones, . 2,

Clarendon Press, Oxford 1966-70.

, , . . . . 2 ,

1975.

, Iamblichus, 1888, Protrepticus, H. Pistelli (ed.), Stuttgart and

Leipzig: Teubner.

, , . .. , , 1938-

39.

108

(Isocrate), Discours (), . G. Mathieu, Les Belles Lettres,

Paris 1962-67.

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