: ""Separation : . . .1. : . "". . : . .. " " . . . . . "" . . . . "" . :(1) . "" "" . . .(2) "" . . . . .(3) : "" .. (1) Liquefied Petroleum gases: (L.P.G) . . "" . . . .(2) ""Gasoline 150 C4C12 "" . . . .(3) Kerosine . 150 - 250 C12C16 .(4) " "Gas Oil (solar) 250 350 17 20(C17- C20) . . . 180 360 .. ""VACUUM DISTILLATION "" "" " " . "" "" . . "" . . Vacuum Pumps . . "" . . . STABILIZER . "" . .. (1) Lubricating Oils 350 500 350 400 400 450 450 500. . . 42 . . . .(2) "" .2. Solvent Extraction . . "" . BRIGHT STOCKS . . :. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .3. . "" "" . . . Carbon Black . .(1) .(2) . . . 1930 "" : .. . "". " " .. ""(1) . . . 25 - 30 /. . 2000 - 2500 / .(2) . Antinock Resistance . :() (2-2-4 )

100 .() 100 . .. (1) "" " " " " .(2) " " . . . :

(3) 50 70. Pb (C2H5)4 2 4 / 70 85. . . ( ) 98 :

. (1) 180 - 360 "" :() : n-C16H34 100.() "1- " .

(2) "" 1- . . . 1- . : ""Conversion : .1. . THERMAL CRACKING . 1913 . . "" . .

:(1) .(2) .(3) "".(4) .(5) .. COKING . 15-38% 49-77% 7-17% 5-12% 4. .. PYROLYSIS "". 850 .2. Catalytic cracking 1936. " " . 30 Hydrocracking. "" 12% 88% . " " . . .3. Reforming " " . " " . . " " . " " . Platforming 98 . 80% :. " "

.

..

. . :

.

" " " " . " " .4. " -" " - " :. . " "

.

. Polymerization . . . "" Polymers " "

. :

" " 4-8 .