O C Y I I [ E C T B O B A H F I H O T P H I ~ A T E J I b H O F O ~ B J I E H H H

B A P H F A ~ J 3 E H A

JAN FISCHER ePu3uuec~ug u u c m u m y m ~ICAH, Hpaea

llpueeOen~,~ pe3y.~bmam~,~ uz.uepeuug m. ~. ompu~ame.abuoeo ne.aeuu.u ~ap~eay~etta, o6~tapy~tceu~tozo Kupeuc~um u llenee~tm ~ta ~tu~e~te. ~ t n o 3a~te~te~to, umo e ttcc.aeOoaa~ltbtx copmax ~ve~te3a, ~tuTceztr u e ~e~omopbtx cnnaeax amo ne~teitue l~e cyutecrneyem.

1. B B E ~ E H H E

O~ll~eg3BeCTfIO, qTO n a M a r t t g q e n ~ o c T b ~peppoMarueT14Ka, i roMeIKem~oro B u e - peMeH~oe MarH~THoe i m a e , 143MeH~tewcg npepLInHLIM oSpa3oM, XOWg B H e m g e e MarHRT14Oe IrO~e MeHgeTcg HeupepLm140. CnaqK140CO60HHO BI~I~0JIRIOTCg Ha Ha- K~OHHOfi qaCTg Kp14BO~ r14cTepe3~ca; B O6JIaCT14 ~ e Me~J[egHOrO ~3Me~e14g~ ~ a - MaFHI~qeHHOCTH cl~aqRl4 l]OCTeiietti4o yMeH~maioTc~ 14 B KOHRe I~O14ROB e T a n o - B~ITC~ B e3aMeTn],IMg. 0TO gn~e1414e, uoc~n~ee Ha3Bai~He ~iB~ie1414U B a p K r a y 3 e H a , u 3 y u a a o c L iHoro~cpaTuO; ocoSe14uo 143yqaaacL 3aBUCnMOCT~ ~n:~e14Ha OT c ~ a o n a npnBOfi rucTepe314ca [1], cpe~14~fi oS~eM ~mpeMarn14~e14~ rip140;~14OM c ~ r [2, 3], I~O~I~qeCTBO c~ag~OB B 3aB~Cl~MOCTg OT ]~X n e a 1 4 q n ~ [4] , TeOpl~I 3aTy- xaH~Ia c ~ a q ~ a ] 3 a p n r a y a e H a [5, 6] , Teopi~g p e r 1 4 c T p a I ~ 14~ :~e~u ~ ao : I~ cRaqI(OB B O~]~OM H3MOHe14gI14 14aMaFH14ge1414OCT14 [6] , ~ B 3aB14C14MOCTH OT c o c - Tana MaTeprmna 140T e r o WepM14qecKofi g MexaH14qec~(ofi oSpaSoTK~.

B 1951 r . 6~ iaa 014y5am~onaua pa60Ta H 1 4 p e 1 4 c ~ o r o n I / I n a e B a [7] 06 OW- I~pblW1414 14OBOFO a~fpe~wa, na3BaHHoro y i tac OTp14I[aTeJIbHl)IM ~tnJIe1414eM B a p ~ - r a y a e H a * ; aWO a B a e ~ e COCTO14T n TOM, qTO ~p14 Tex14uqec~r naMar14uq14sa1414g IIpO14CXO~gW Ta~;~e 14 c ~ a ~ B tm14pasae~1414 oSpaWHOM ~e14pep~m~mMy I43Me- 14eumo Maru14Tiioro 140~I. ~57C;rtOBtig Ogl~Ta, gpH ~(OTOpOM ghI~O 05Hapyme140 DTO ~IB~eHHO, c~e~yto~414e:

06~I, eM 05:mcTef i , n e p e M a r ~ H q e n n e ~ o T o p ~ x p e r ~ c w p ~ p o B a a o c ~ , H a x o ~ c a n ~:[peaeaax OW 1,8 . 10 -s Cm a ~O 2 ,0 . 10 - s C~ta; cNopocTL ~3MeHeHUn B14e~I14ero n o a h d H / d t = 0 ,01 ~pcmeO/ce~; TeM14epaTypa 1 8 ~ H3Mepe14un npOBO3UaUCL u a OTOH~I(014HOfi tttiReaeBO~i n p o n o a o ~ e ~Ia14Hofi n 15 ~Um ~14aMeWpOM 1 ram.

OS]5Iql:l]bIM MeTO~OM ~JIit 143Mepem~ IIO$IO~I4TOJIt)tIOFO ~iBaeH~[ t 3 a p i ~ r a y 3 e ~ a , v ~ a q ~ CBO~14n14CS n o~Ie~wp14qecl~gM 1~M14y:IbCaM 14 per14cTpupo~aa14c~ cqeTqr~- I~OM. Iip14 TalRI/IX yClrIOBHgX I{ l~peHcKI / I f i I4 ~/IB~IOB o14peaeart~irt, 'qTO 143 o 6 m e - r o qgczIa c~r 2 0 - - 2 6 % OTpHRaTeJIbtI~IX 140CTaTO~ - - HO~O~14Te~II~14I~IX; l~pI46~II~314Te~I~,HO Tahoe ~ e OTHOmeH14e c o x p a g ~ e T c ~ B ~ O 5 0 ~ TOq~(e t(p14BO~ HaMarr~gq14na14nn. t~Hpe14c~14f i H I / I s a e ~ H a S : ~ o ; m a ~ 3TOT 3~)(~)0I~T HaR Ha OCHOBHOfi ~p14BOfi, Tan ~ Ha r14cTepe314cHofi 14ew~e.

BO3MO~KHOCT]b oTp14Rawe~uhIX cI~aq~r 13apKray3e14a Bb~C~r n 1930 r . 13 e ~ ~ e p n pa6oTe [8], B ~OTOpOfi TeopeT14qec~n B~BeaeH XO~ ~:p~o/ '~ Ha~ar1414- q ~ n a i u ~ . I I p e ~ u o a a r a n , ~wo n p o ~ e c c T e x ~ m c ~ ( o r o 14aMarrmq14Ba14nu n ~ a n a u PICHJItOgPITe~It, ttO JIt~tlXI~ YIOBOpOTOM BeI~TOpOB I~a~ar14~qe14~ocT14 B ~talipaBaeH~Ie BHemHero noJ Ia , t3e~icep no~yq14a ~ a a I~OOplI~ITHB140~ CriJIl)I, OCTaTOqHOI~ MaF o ttFITltOI~ I/IH]~yI(K]~IK 14 14aqa~tl)Ho~ BOCHpI~[I3[MqHBOCT14 c o r z t a c u e c 3I~CIIOpHM0ttTOM

HacwogKIag cwaW~ npe~cTaBaneT coSofi co~ep~aHne gmI~mM~O~[ pa6oT~L 3a~n~e~Ho~ 13. 5. 1954 r . . a (~H814I~O-MaTOMaTI4qeaHOM ~panya~TeTe HapaoBa y.nBepcuTeTa n IIpare .

*) ABTOp~I [7] naaBaa, ero , ,~naenne~ o6paT~ofi nnnepcnn" .

Czechosl. Journ. Phys. 6 (1956) ! 65

Ja~ Fischer

n o nopgnKy BeJII4HHH. OH 06%~[CHIIJI ~IBJIeHHe Bap~r g n o ~ a 3 a a , qTC~

BeJIHqHHa OT~eJIBHOrO eKaqHa 3aBHCI~T OT yr~a e MeH~(y BHelBHHM llO$leM 14 Ha-- npaB~lelIHeM ~lerqafimero HaMarIIHqHBaHHg paecMaTpHnaeMo~ 06~IaCTH. CoF~ac-- Ho aTOfi 3aB~ICgMOeTII Be~l~l~l~Ha cHaql~a yMeHi, inaeTca e ynenHqenileM e 14 npla yr~lax, 6~m31r i~ x/2 CTalmBnTCa oTpmlaTemmofi.*)

B HaCTO~illIei~ pa6oTe coo6mamTca pe3y21BTaTBl l~3MepeHHa 3TOrO ~IBJIeHIAg.

2. D N C H E P H M E H T A J I B H O E VCTPO17ICTBO

[)~r yCTpOfiCTBO aHa~or~q~ io ycTpof i cTny , ]r ~ C n O ~ b - 3yeTc~ np~ HaMepeHnH n o a o H c ~ T e a b H o r o g n 3 e m i a Bap~ray3eua. Per~cTp~py-- m e e ycTpofiCTBO nO~IO6HO OnHcaHHOMy B pa6owe [4] . I I o n i m u u n a M , y ~ r B [9] , npnMeH~mTCa He o6BVItIBIfi y ( m n g T e a ~ co c n g 3 m o [ R C ] , a yct~a[~Tea~ c r a a ~ - Ban~ec~of i CBa3~ . B OTJBIqge OT [7] Bt~IXO~ y C H ~ T e ~ n p ~ c o e ~ g a a c ~ He I~: cqeT~mcy a2iei~Tp~aqecKgx IIMny;~I, COB, a I~ IlJIat~Tl/IHaM KaTO~HOi~ Tpy6Iaa , ~;lla TOrO, tITO6M HO~Iocpe~cTBeHItBIM iia6.~io/~eltHeM 3a (~OpMO~'[ ~IMItyJ~BOOB MO~ItO, 5hIJIO OTJIHHHTI, cRa~II~IzI Bap~rayaena OW BO3M()~HB~X 3 ~ e K T O B yewpoficWBa

c~iy~afili~x nnemgHfi IIOMeX.

3. HAJIHBPOBHA

l~asn6pos~a n p o B o J m J t a c b MeTO~OM, OIIHeaHHBIM B [9] . B OTa~qne OT [911 n ~r u a w y m K y n o R a B a a c a TOI4 He TOJIBI~O cn~[ycox~Raa~H~ifi, ito, n n p n M o y r o a ~ n ~ f i , 14 p e 3 y a s T a T ~ c p a m m B a a n c ~ ~ p y r c ~ p y r o u . ] / ]3MepenH~e 3Ha~eHn~, n e p e c . ~ w a n H ~ i e Ha 1 ~ ()TI(J~OHeHHfl 1~a BBIXO~e, npnBe~mH~ B Ta~-- a n K e 1. IIp~i n,~MepeH~n ~_o 1 n c a o a ~ 3 o n a n a ]~aTym~r c 17 nnTKaUn ~InaMeTpo~ 3,25 ~ u , ~p~ naMepeH~nX ~ 2- -11 - - ~r c 226 BHTKaMH ~nameTp0~ 4,05 ~m ~ np~ ~3Mepe~ggx ~ 12 ~ 13 ~r c 49 BHTI~aMH ~IIaMeTpoM~ 4,05 m~.

Taan~a 1.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13

BpeMeHIta~t 3aBHCHMOCTB 8-- CHHyC0~-

~aZIBHBIfI o ~ IIpHMO- yrO~bHb~

] e~

2

3 21

12

3 20

3--21

H3MeHeHHe ToHa

Ha BXO~e ~A

160 14,8 14,8 14,8 14,8 14,8 14,8 14,8 14,8 14,8 14,8

138,0 138,0

COOTBeT- CTBeHHBI~ MaPHI4THH~

MOMeHT 10 -~ cgs

63,8 43,4 43,4 43,4 43,4 43,4 43,4 43,4 43,4 43,4 43,4 87,5 87,5

OTI(JIOHeHHe Ha t~I~Ixo~,e

19 19 18 17 18,5 17 19 21 20,5 16 18 37,5 45

BXO~HO~ MO- Merit Ha 1 ~,U OTHJIOHeHHK Ha B~Ixo~e

10 -e cgs/m.~

3,36 2,29 2,32 2,56 2,38 2,65 2,29 2,07 2,12 2,72 2,42 2,35 1,95

*) I4[~ [8] BtI~HO, qTO BeKI~ep coSupaacn npoBepuT~ aTO m~aeH~ie na oco6o upHrOTOBnelt- ~ x MaTep~aaax c s npe~My~ecTueH~o B o~pecTHOCT~ ~/2, ~ToS~I o~H~aeM~ie oTpn~aweab- H~e cKauK~ He nepe~pLmaa~cL 66JIB[UHMH no n o p a ~ r ~ 6oaee MHOFOtII4CJIeHtIHMH HopMaa~-- ItI~IMH cKaqnaMH. Hac~oa~go HaM ~IBBeCTttO, peayaLTaT aToro o ~ T a He 6 ~ ony6aHnoBam

66 "4exoca. ~iia. m)'pm 6 (1956)

0 cyu4ecmeoea~uu ompu~amenbuoeo ,ue.~euu.u Bap~zayse~a

Ha~r B]~ITeI(aeT rI3 Ta~YIISKI, I 1, Ha 1 .~t~t OTKYIOItetII~Ig a y q a Ha aKpaHe o c K n a a o - rpad~a ~pr~xo;~HTCH n cpe~Hev~ 2 , 4 2 . lO-~cgs e3rt~Hr~ B x o ~ i m r o MOMeItwa; 3TO OWBeqaew n e p e ~ a r m ~ q e H m o oT~,eMa 2 , 4 7 . 10 - " cm a y Hnrcean r~ 7 ,12 . 10 -x~ cm a y ~r

4. METO~I / IHA H 3 M E P E H H H

I / ] 3 M e p e n g g GOGTOItJIH B ~ c c : m ; ~ o B a ~ n ~ Ha o c K ~ o r p a ( [ ~ e x o A a H a M a r H ~ q r m a - I-IH}:I B O,~HO/~ BeTBI~I r~4cTepe3~cHoi i YIeTJIII. Ct;opocw~, naMarHr~qnBaHrI f i l~I3MetIg- ~ a c h ~ o H a ~ o g n o c w g S n p e ~ e ~ I a x OW 0 , 0 0 3 9pcmecO/cet; ~Io 0 , 4 9pcmeO/ce~ waI~, qTO6b~ n o n o ~ I T e y i ~ H 5 ~ e gMHy~,Ch[ He MOPJ~ Hepe~(p~,~Th BO3MO~KtII)I:~ owp~- ~ a T e ~ n m x ~M~y~I~COB. ~ Hetr 06pa3I~On cJIe~aI~m CttI/IMIlg B p a a ~ n q - l ih ix TOqI(aX IIeT~Ig. I/Icc~ie~iyeMl,ie o5pa3I~S~ npnBeJ IeHm n TaSJ IgKax ~ 2 - - 1 0 .

O B O 3 H A q E t t I / I f t B TABJ1HI~AX

n - - ~op~ROB~Iit HOMep oSpaaua, ~)opMa: p - - mecTaHan M~acwmn~a, d - - gpoBo~mRa, paaMep~I ~ .u.,t: l - - 3antra, a - - m n p m m , b - - TO~IUU4Ha, d - - ~r~aMewp npoBoaor~n; oSp. - - oSpa6oTr~a oTpa8~a: oSm. - - oSmnr, npoK. - - npotcaw~r Heogp. - - neoTpaSowam

Hmfi. CV. oTp. - - c~eneH~, o S p a T o ~ (~aHa ~ Toan~I~e, Ha ~o~opym MaTepnan c~aa Tom, me np~

npo~av~e, B nporienTax OT ~CX0~Hoi~ TOam~4H~L) He - - Koapr~I~TrmHa~ c n a a B ~pCTe~ax (np~Tm), m - - MeH~me 0,5 apcmeO; qHcz~o ~8MepeH~t: v - - ,t~c~io Bnayaahm,~x HCC~e~OBaHI~f[ oSpastia,

] - - ~iI~IeJIo c~eoia'tittt~ix CHI~MI~OB.

Y I e p e q e H b ~ i c c a e ~ o B a ~ i l t ~ r x M a T e p H a a o n : A. 2Rene3o. 1. COpT- XiaMri,~ecKI4~i aHaari3: 0 ,61% C, 0 ,42% Mn, 0 ,21% Si, 0 ,022% P, 0,021~oS, 0 ,03% Cr,

0 ,12% Ni , 0 ,01% V, 0 ,15% Cu. Cr[e~Tpaahi~LIil aHaarm: ~ecHTHe ~o: 1Vfn;

coTme % : Cr, Cu, Ni , Si; MetIbme cowI, ix ~o: V; c:Ie~s~; A1, Ti;

; Bi , Ca, Cd, Co, Mg, Mo, Sn.

T a S ~ a 2.

r

23 20 20 23 21

Paareepst

4,9 5,1 4,7 4,6 5,0

0,24 0,22 0,195 0,183 0,16

06pa6 .

05~ . npOH. ~poR. npo~. npOJ;.

c~'. o6p. %

0 8,3

18,7 24,0 33,3

H c Oe

10,0 11,8 12,0 12,8 14,8

qi~cJIo H3MepeHm]

v /

1 1 2 2 1 1

2. ttucmoe ~ce~e3o. C0CTaB: 99 ,9% Fe , 3arpHaHetin~ MeHbme 0,1~o.

T a S n r ~ a 3.

(I)opMa

27,5 27,5 35

PasMepH

5,0 5,0 5,0

O5paS. b

0,13 ~potr 0,13 o 5 ~ . 0,13 npoH.

CT. 05p. %

50 0

50

g ~ Oe

8~8 ?

q ~ c ~ o ~sMepenHfi

v /

1 - - 2 1

Czechosl. Journ. Phys. 6 (1956) 1 67

J a n F i s c h e r

3. Maz~oe ~tcenezo. XI~MHtIecHI4~I aHaauu: 0,16% C, 0 ,61% ~r 0,26% Si, 0,023% P, 0,022% S, ~ Cr, ~ Ni.

T a 6 a ~ a 4.

O0pMa PaaMep~

O6pa6.

9 p 16 5,3 0,18 10 p 15 4,7 0,17 i l p 24 4,9 0,165 i2 p 18,5 4,7 0,15 13 p 16 4,5 0,14 14 p 16 4,3 0,13 15 p 20 5,2 0,12 16 p 19 5,1 0,11 17 I p 18 4,4 0,10 18 p 18 4,5 0,09 19 p 15 3,5 0,08

4. lHeeOc~a~ eman~,. TO~HHfi COCTaB He n3neCTeH;

TaS~H~a 5.

oSm. npo~. HpoK. npoK. npoH. npo~. npo~. npo~.

I npoK. npo~. npo~.

CT. o6p. Hv Vo Oe

0 3,0 5,5 5,0 8,3 6,4

16,7 7,0 22,2 11,8 27,8 10,0 33,3 8,0 38,9 9,6 44,4 9,0 50,0 12,0 55,6 10,6

r I

~HC~O H3MepeHH~

v t

2

1 1

n (I)0pMa -

2 0 p 21 p ! 22 p i

40 28 27

Pa3MepiJ o6pa6. CT" o6p" I oH~

~ 0 ~ M e p e ~ H

a b Vo v !

5,0 0,06 HeoSpa6.] 0 ~ 1 -- 2,9 0,06 nco6pa6.! 0 2,'4 I -- 4,8 0,04 gpoK. I 33,3 4,8 1 3

B . H u R e . ~ b .

1. CopT. TotIHI~I~ eOCTaB He nsBeeTeH.

TaSnnua 6.

23 24 25 26 27

r

20 24 20 21 35

Pa3Mep~

4,8 5,5 5,0 5,3 4,9

0,41 0,335 0,25 0,205 0,15

06paS.

npoH. n p o m ~pon. iipoK.

CT. oSp. %

0 18,3 39,0 50,0 63,4

U c Oe

2,2 3,5

27,0 28,4 29,0

~I~cao gaMepe~gfi

2 5 4 2 2 2

2. CopT. COCTaB: 95,65% Ni, ~35LrTO~r npeHMymecTnemto Cu,

TaS~H~a 7.

Fe.

28 29

O0pMa

11 45

PasMepLI

3;0 6,0

06pa6. b

0,24 Kpo~<. 0,25 o6~<.

0 T . 0 5 p .

Yo

26,6 0

U c Oe.

? 2,6

~He~o H3Mepeg~fi

v f

1 1

68 ~Iexoc~. @~a. mypm 6 (1956) 1

0 cy~qecmeoeanuu ompu~ame.~bmoeo ae.zenu:, Bap~zayze~ta

3. COpT. CocTaB: 96,48~o Ni, n,'~5UTO~ ~peuMymecT~euno Cu, Fe.

Ta6~m~a 8.

n (PopMa

30 31

PaaMepu

l d

15 0,85 15 0,85

1 } CT. 0 6 p . O6pa6. I % I

00 ? 2,2

LI I4C~I0 naMepelt~li

1 3 2 3

B. Crt,~aebt. 1. Cop~.

HpnS~II, m~aeat, ni,ffl COCTaB: 36% Ni, 0,5% Mn, 63,5% Fe.

T a S a ~ a 9.

n (I)opMa PaBMep~ O6pa6. CT'O6p" oH ~ N ~ 7 ~ naMepemd~ l a b ~ /

p 29 4,3 0,27 He05p. 0 m 1 2 3332 l o 22 2,8 0,18 ~po~. 3B,3 6,0 1 2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Mymema.zn. Xx~MnqecI~n~ ana~i~l~: 0,05% C, 1,08~ :iYin, 0,27% Si, 0,015% P, 0,010% S, 1,86% Cr,

77,38% Ni, 4,32% Cu, 15,01% Fe. Ciienwpa~ibi~bi~i anam~s: npoI~e~TbI: Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni,

~ec~TbIe ~o: Cu, Si; MeHbIIIe COTbIX ~ O : M O ;

c~eg~: A1; : Ca, Co, Pb, Ti, V, W.

Ta6amia 10.

34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Oop~a

20 18,5 19 18 18,5 21 19 19 13,5 11,5 2O 21

PaBMep~

3,9 5,2 4,8 4,8 5,2 5,2 5,0 5,7 5,7 5,0 5,0 5,0

0,17 0,14 0,11 0,10 0,09 0,08 0,07 0,065 0,1o7 0,07 0,09 0,07

OSpa6.

o57s. ~po~r npo~. ~po~. r[po~. ]]poIi. H p OH.

II]3 0 t-~.

o6~. llpOH. npo~;.

?

CT. o6p. %

0 17,5 35,2 41,1 47,0 52,9 58,8

? ? ?

H e Oe

1,0 1,2 1,8 2,0

? 2,0 2,4 I n

i11

~n

i r l

q~c~o n8MepeHnii

v t

I 1 2 - - 3 I I 1 2 2 I I I 3 1 i

5. PE3V~BTATbI

HpH gaMepent[~: imSJmo~aJm(:.~ ~oJ:~o~r c l ;a~mi Bap~r paaaHq- ttOi~ BeJIl/IqI/ItiI, I I~ p a a a w m o r o q~[c~[a B e;mnnI~y BpeMe~n; ~-mnSoa~,m~e ~ ~a~t- 5oJiee qaCTO BcTpe~iaeMsle ci~a,~K~ BcTpeqaa~icl~ Ha Ha~cnom~o~i qaCTg rgcTepe- 3tlcHoii xpHBoI~ (3TO tIaxoJ~gTCtI B c o r a a c ~ c BiBBf~CTHblMH 3KcIIepHMettTaMg).

H1/I B O~HOM c:tyuae oxna~r lie Ha6~toga~OCb n n q e r o , ~TO MOrrO 6b~ CBU~eTe~S- CTBOBaTb 06 OTpl>llIaTeglbttNX c~r t~aMarHHqHBaHg~. -DTO 3uaqI~T, qTO I~a

CzechoM. Journ. :Phys. 6 (1956) 1 69

J a n Fischer

o~ItOii BeTBH n,~c,repe~cimfi ~r ~I~a BCeX oSpaa~oB sce I~Mnya~cI,I 6ma~ ~anpaB~eHm n~epx ~ ~a BTOpO~I BOTBH I{p~BO~I BHH3.

E c a ~ ~ame ~Horna, B HC~ONHTeabHmX c a y ~ a a x , ~ a 6 a m ~ a n c a OTpH~aTenb- m,~fi H~nyaI , C (n TeqeHm~ Bcex guMepeHH~ MBI naS~IIO~aa~ T a E ~ e I~MUya~,Cb~ HpH6~H3~TOJH, HO ~I~Tb p a 3 , T o r ~ a ~a~r qric~io IIOJIO~CHTeYI~)HbIX HMr~yJ~,COB ~ 0 I~O- p a ~ y Ben~IqrIrIhi 6higfo pamih~M 10~), TO M07f~IfO C ~OCTOBep~ocT~,~O c~auaT~,, qTO 3TOT HMI[yJIbC I[e COOTBeTcByeT OTpgIIaTen~,l~OMy cKaqNy HaMaFH1)IN0ttHIt BOII~0- CTBa, Tat( ICal(:

1. ~aH ero (OopMa OTaH,~aaac:b OT o6snr HMHy~IbCOB, m,~3Bam4mx c4r B a p m ' a y a e l i a , /I.~m ~r xapa~r npeMn aaTyxauHa, o~pe- ~IOJletlHO0 llOCTO~IIiItO/i Bp0M0ttK p e r H c T p g p y i o K ~ e r o yCTpO~CTBa.

2. HJIg ~OIIOJIItl/ITeaLlIO 6 ~ a a o6napy~ ;e~a n p i m m m aToro HM~yabca (na- np~Mep, MexaHuqecuoe coTp~cem~e He~OTOpOfi uac'rH l~pu6opa, m ; m o u e ~ e ~a- Koro-nH6yj~, i w T p e 6 n T e : m T()t<a B CeTt, HJIH I( 6aTapee, I~:e~[0CTO/~tItII~I~ XOX

q a m e Bcero, o~t t a l (o , BCTpoqaJIHClb czlyua~ 1 ~ 2 COBMOCTItO. Ec~r~ ugorAa ~e BO3IIHt(a~I tI1/I O~HH 113 yi~auam~Nx c~ynaen , T. e. ecztH He

6NJ:m onpe~e~ienN m~ ~0pMa, HU n p u n ~ a o'rpHKaTe~m~oro ~MHySII)ca, HzMepe- HH~ Ha o6pam~e HpOH3BOXI4JI~ICI~ CHona, I~0 BO3MO~I(ItOCTI/I C ycwpaHeur~eM Bee); nOMeX. B 3TOM cay~iae HH O~tUlI OTpHL~a'reZ~I,m~Iii I~MIIy2IbC yme He n o a n u a c n .

6. AttAJII/I3 IIOJIYHEt]ttt)I:X PE3VJIbTATOB H 3AH,~IIOqEHHE

H3 llpHBej~em~ix pe3yx~ba:aTO~ B~'reI~ae'r, NTO B HuyqeIlithtX MaTepKa~ax OTpr~- aaTe~bHoe ~nae t lge Eapm~ayaeua B n p e ~ e a a x TOqIIOCTI/I I t amgx upH6opoB a~t60 ~ e cyn~ecwByeT BOO6me, Jn46o BCTpeqaeTC~ T0am(O C OqeHb Manof i Bepo~wttOCWmO. B e p x m o m rparrI~r~y aTOii BepOflWltOCWII Mid MO~f(0M OII~OIII~TI), 0CJI~ I~CHOJII,3OBaTI~ pe3yJH, TaTLI H3MepeHH~ imj~o;~HTeJi~i[oro ~iBnei~r[a/]apm~ay3ega, I~OTOp1,Ie IIpO- BOg,[<.~I B O T p y 6 a Ha TeX 7[~e CaMhIX o6pa3~ax (gaCTb peuyzIt,TaTOB o r l y S ~ n o e a - Ha ~ [10]). Cor~Iacuo OTHM u : ~ i e p e m m ~ ~amH ( )6pa3 i~ HMeIOT Ha oJIHo/i BeTBH ruc~epeaHcuoi i ~r B cpe;I~teM 10 ~ c~r 66: l~m~x, ~eM 4 . IO-~cgs ~ H [ ~ y i i ~ p o B a i ~ o r o MOMOIITa. OTCIO~a MBI MOdeM 3at(JI~OCtIITt,, qTO BepO~ITItOCTI) IIOItBJIeHHIt OTpHKaTe~It, HOFO clcamCa Bap~(rayaelm 6o:i~,mero olzpez~eJmHHoii rpaHHr~m ~em, me 10-~. *)

H a m ~ peaya~,TaT~ pacxo~aTC/t, no-i~epm, ix, c pcayabTa~raMr~ paccy~JIeHr~fi B e n n e p a [8]. 3Ta TeOpHU ~ neaoM, coI'JIae, HO COBpOMOtIItI~IM Ilpe~CTaB;rleHI~fIM, He ~eiiCTBI~TeJIt)Ita, HO otla He ~cc:~e~oBa~ac~, ~o cHx Hop c ~e~i~,to yCTattOBIITI, cyKIeCTBOBa~iHe OTpH~IaTe~]/~HblX ct;am{on }Jap~{raJ/3eHa , i~ IIOaTOMy ~eBeaICUTe- pec~o cpaBm~'rt, c neff t lam~ pe:~yJIbTaTm. I/I3 Teop~H ]3 e ~r Ir e p a eh~Te~aeT, r ~pe;~cKa3aHub~e OTpI4I~aTe3t~,H~e cKamr ;~OJI;KHm 6t)IJII~I 6I)ITt) 3aMOTHIaIMI~ tte TOa~,~r ~a MaTep~azm c npe;tBap~tTea~,Hofi TenCTypofi, ~ a n o~o ~peSyeT B e n - Kep , no r~ ua o6mmioBemwM /peppoMarHeTmce c pantmuep~mM paci ipe~eae- nueM nanpanaem(f~ a e r ' m f i m e r o i taMar~uqe~mm Ho, p a a y i e e T c ~ , TOJILI{O B TOM cayuae , i~or~a Bnemuee :.o.~e 6y~eT MeH~ITbC~ otteti[, MeT(aeltno, qTO65~ HO~Omg- WOa~n].Ie cI~aqI~g 6b~iI~ BO BpeMeH~ ~0(;TaWOqHO yJ~a~IeHh~ ~ p y r OW a p y r a ~I He impeicpmnaag omr~aeM~ie, MOHLIIItI0 HO n o p a n K y neangHH~, OTpgKaTe~bHhIe e I (ag i~I . t~poMo TOFO, 3I~CItepHMeHWa~H, ttOe ycwpofieTBO ~OJITI~HO ~IalTIa ~ocTaTOtI - ttO gyBGTBtlTeJIbtIt,IM, gTO@bl 3 a p e r g c T p u p o B a T b owpHRaTeJIbHhIO eHaqt(l~I. H a m e at(CII0pI~IMOI-ITaYIt, HO0 yCTpOi~ICTBO y~OB~IeTBOp~iJIO DTI/IM Tp06OBaHH~IM, T. I~.

l . BOaMOZt(HO 5]D12IO M0ttYIWla ]IOJl0 )IOCTaTOgHO Me~IeHHO, ~aI~ SH~HO n3 ueKoTopmx ~oworpa~m:t (cM. puc. 1), n:a l~OTOpmx ~axo;IHTCa aHm~. ~ecnoa~Ko

*} Pa3yMeeTeH, ~TO OTCIOga He Bb~TeHaeT OTCyTCTB~e cHaqi~0B MeHbIIIHX 4 . 10 -6 cgs.

70 ~texocn. ~p~a. mypm $ (1956) 1

0 cyu~ecmeoeattuu ompu~ame/tbUOeO ~teoze~tu:t Hap~eaysena

oT~en~,u5ix c K a ~ o ~ , Ta~ gTO BpeMenHOfi HHTepBa~ Me~[~y c~(a ' iKaM~ 10 s p a 3 4 o a ~ m e (uo nop~/I~cy Beall, l lH~ 0 , tleM npoaoa~ ,Tea~uOCTS oal loro c~r

2. 0 [~c l l ep l lMeHTaabHoe yCTpOiiCTBO 6h~nO /tOCTaTOmtO gyBCTB~Teah l l~M. I/I3 ~aBllCnMOCT~ Be~II4qHHhI c~r OT yr~ia e, l lao6pamel luof i B [8], MOmUO ,onpe~enllw~ OTllOIIIeHge MeZ~Jly IIall6OJlblllllMI4 ][[OJIO}lr ~ oTpni~aTe~[b- n~M c~r I Io rpa(~mr s [8] DTO OT~ome,me p a n u o I~ps6ai43~4Te;nIflto 17,5.

Pnc . 1. q)oTorpa~p~ C[~atIHOB t~apnray3eHa. ]~amm m~p~ofi ~UHU~ Ha / p o w o r p a ~ n npe~- CTaBnHew BpeMH 3 - - 4 ce~. Ee mup~im ~aHa aM[~an~y~Aofi Ma~o~'o Bo3Myn~a~o~ero HoaeSa- HHg 50e~ , HOTOpO0 HOIII4~HaeT ~IyBCTB]iTeYII,- HOCT~. ]~ pe3y~t, TaTe OTOFO HozIe6aHHH OCHOB- Hag 2iHgHg HMeeT HepOB~b~ HI4~ICttHI~ ~pai~, Kosie6atIHH tr He HMeIOT tIHqero 06mero co ci~am~aM~ l~ap~r (aaMew~a Tanme pa3m,I~a B Hpo~on;nHTeJIbHOaT~ nO cpaBHeHHm

C I]OJIO~I~IITOJILIt],IMI~ Ct~a~tHaMI4).

Ta~r ~a~r Ha 3t(pa~[e ~mmero ycTpoiiCTBa 6bInll eme 3aMOTHI~I llMllynLcL1 BenH- �9 ~llHoii 1 - - 2 ~m, ~OOTaTOqllO eCJIll 6hi nOJIO~l lTenbHLIe llMnyJIbCBI ~OCTllraJI~I ~atccnMaa~Hofi n e a n q H ~ i 1 7 , 5 - - 3 5 ~u,u, ~TO6~ 6~Ia~ o6Hapynr y ~ e II OTp~- i~aTe~i, Hsie n M n y n b c h i . H o llMl/yJIBChI u a o icpa l le H a m e f i a l l n a p a T y p b i qaCTO 3 l l a - r npeBl~IIIiaJIH 3Ha~ieH~Ie 100 ~ t . TaK KaK HaKIe o K c n e p H M e H T a n h H o e yCTpOiiCTnO, B o n p e ~ l l TOMy, OTpHRaTeta~H~IX ci~am~on u e 3 a p e r ~ c T p l l p o B a n o , HeO6XO/~llMO 3aKJT~OqI4TS, gTO OlllI He cyrKeCTByfOT (llO ~pafi~mfi MepO He Tal<tle, n a n l l e iipez, uo.~mraeT asTop n [8].).

~ a a e e , uam~t pe3yn~,TaT~ npoTlleopeuaT ~aMepellllUM I~ H p e u c n e r o n H B a e n a . O n n c a H ~ m n OTOfi paSoTe [7] oTpm~aTeaLu~m c na ~n l l ~oamm,~ 6~,~nll 6~I o6ycaoBnnuaT~, ua wcpa~e Hamero yCTpOfiCTBa OTI(~OtIetIlle 7 - - 8 ~ / .

Czechos]. Journ. Phys. 6 (1956) 1 71

Jan Fischer

TaR KaK qeTI<O pa3JIHHHMbI yme OTI<nOHeHHg B 2 +U~, TO Heo6xoAgMO CHHTaTS, qTO ~nneHne, ~ a 6 n x o ~ a e M o e Ha ngKezIe I ~ I I p e g e K I I M I4 M B J I O B I , IM, IIO HMeew MeCTa Ha gccneAoBaHHhIX HaMH o 6 p a 3 I I a x . Heo6xo2~HMO, O~HaNO, OTMe- T1)ITt), qTO B [7] He IIplIBO~IIGT~I 6 e a s e Toqns~fi CocTaB ~ c c a e ~ y e M o r o oSpa3aa, Tar: qWO pen~ Merest UTT~ O pa3nuqH~ix BeI~eCWBaX ~I TorAa He HMeeW eMbICJIa cpauI~nUaT~ o 6 a IIpOTIIBOpeqgBl~IX p e a y n t , T a w a * ) . ( H a c K o a ~ o IIaM HaBeCTHO, OHr~ He oI~y6nnir peaya~TaT~,i ~3MepeHI~fi Ha J~pyrnx o6pas~xax.) He ~a:m BepoIITHO, HTO~BI Manhie pacxom~e~ra n CTelieiig qHCTOTBI**) tlIIl~eJIfI CMOFJIII

BI,13BaTI~ TaKl4e 3HaqriTenl~i~bie II3MeHeHHa Mar~rI'rHMx CBOflCWm

H a m H p e a y n b T a T l , I coBnaXalOT c pe3y$fbTaTaM~I B o T p y 6:~I [9], IIOAyqettHt~IMII ~JIfI HrIH0ng ~ mne~cxo~i CTaAH, corgmCHO I~OTOpBIM He o6HapymeH nrI On~H owpur iaTenbHbI / i c I r 6on~,mI~fi 4 . 10 -~ cgs. B o w p y 6 a B [9] B b l c ~ a 3 b m a e w ~I 06OCHOBI~IBaeT MLICnb, "4TO c K a q ~ u , o H n c a u n ~ m B [7], MOFaH BO3n~II4gyTI~ np~ ~CIIOnb3OBa~rIH yc l~n r lTe~g , co CBg3~,~O R C , KOTOpHf~ IIO~I n n ~ t n ~ e M 6gICTpOff HOCJIe]IOBUTeJIbItOCTg IIO.~O~I~I~ITOJII, HI)IX HMIIynbCOB MOP ~I~I CaM BBI3BaTt, OTprtIm- Ten~HhI/~ ~ M n y n b c Ha B~IX()~Ie. -0Ty T0qKy 3pen~n noA;~ep~nnaew T a i ( ~ e 14 TO O6CTOSTenI~CTBO, qTO ] ~ I ~ p e n c I ~ U f i ~ I / I n n e n He yIIOMHlfatOT 0 ~ a 6 m o ~ e I m r ~ ~ a oci~n~umrpa~e ~OpMbI ~4M~yYlbCOB, TaK qTO OHI/I, oqeB~Ulno, fie cMorn I t t t a - 6n]o~laTb BO3MO~HOe BJII+IYIHI~Ie ~ I c n a ~ r y c ~ n ~ T e a g . Ta~ i~an He H3BeCTeIt TOtlid[O T~III ycna~wens, npnMeHeHnoro B [7 ] , TO iteglt,3It Ol~OHqaTeglbHO ywnep- ~ I a T ~ npaB~nbHOCTb 3TOFO npeRnono~e~ua.

13 3 a ~ a ~ o q e n n e aBTop 6 n a r o J ~ a p n T H. B o T p y 6 y 3a Iienu~m col~eq'bi H m t T e p e c , C I(OTOpblM OII cae~n:~ 3a paSowofi, rI wa~r q). Bnr~eHy ~ / I . H a ~ e p a 3a coBe- T~,~ ~ n p ~ M e q a H ~ a K ~ a n ~ o i ~ p a 6 o T e .

HocTynun0 10. 3. 1955.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE OCCUP~I~ENCE OF NEGATIVE B A R K H A U S E N D I S C O N T I N U I T I E S

( A b s t r a c t of p reced ing paper )

JAN FISCHER Institute o/ Physics,

Czeehosl. Acad. Sci., Prague

I n 1951 t h e p a p e r b y K i r e n s k i j a n d I v l e v [7] was p u b l i s h e d oil t h e d i s c o v e r y of n e g a t i v e B a r k h a u s e n d i scon t inu i t i e s (he rea f t e r BD) d u r i n g m a g n e t i z a t i o n on a n a n n e a l e d n icke l wire 15 m m long a n d ] m m in d i a m e t e r , t i i i r e n s k i j a n d I v l e v r eco rded m a g n e t - i za t ion d i s con t inu i t i e s f rom 1 .73• 10 -5 to 1 .92• 10 -5 egs in m a g n i t u d e of m a g n e t i c m o m e n t a n d m e a s u r e d on a n average 23% n e g a t i v e a n d t h e r e m a i n d e r pos i t i ve BD.

Th i s p a p e r gives t he r e s u l t s of a n i n v e s t i g a t i o n in to t h i s p h e n o m e n o n on 45 diffe- r e n t spec imens . The a p p a r a t u s was c a p a b l e of recerdiI~g d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s 4 �9 10 -6 cgs a n d h igher . M e a s u r e m e n t w as conf ined to v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n on t h e osci l loscope of t he changes in m a g n e t i z a t i o n for one b r a n c h of t h e hys t e r e s i s loop. B y d i rec t o b s e r v a t i o n of t h e fo rm of t h e electr ic pulses i t was poss ib le to d i s t i n g u i s h be tween effects of the a p p a r a t u s a n d t h e BD . The r a t e of change of t h e m a g n e t i c f ie ld was v a r i e d accord ing t o need w i t h i n t h e l i m i t s f rom 0.003 Oe/see to 0 . 4 0 e / s e e so t h a t no n e g a t i v e pulses if p r e sen t cou ld poss ib ly be obscu red b y pos i t ive pulses. W i t h some samples p h o t o g r a p h s were t a k e n (Fig. I) a t va r i ous p o i n t s of t h e loop. The spec imens t e s t ed , t h e i r e o m p o s i t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t are g iven in See. 4 of t h e p reced ing pape r .

�9 ) t l a ~IsyqaeMbi~ HnpeHCKnM I~ FIBaeB~IM oSpaaeli noxom Ham o6paseu N-. 31 (TaSa. 8). �9 *) Ogpa6o~Ka o~(mlaHoBa, T. H. tcaK nmieaL B [7], TaK ~ HauI oSpaaea ;N~ 31 nepe7~ naMepe-

]INf[MH o6~KgraJiiIe5.

72 uexoe~, d)H3. mypH. 6 (1956) 1