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ISSN 2075-4272
:
2(25)2013
2013
-
:
1998
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2(25)2013
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681.5: 658.5: 621.3 ( 5 21.06.2013).
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7376 03.06.2003.
, ( 1-05/5 01. 07. 2010 ., 7, 2010). ISSN 2075-4272 , 2013
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.., .., .. - PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT 104
.., .., .. ARFIMA 111
120
.., .. 128
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1
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004.94
.. (. . , .), .. , .
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
. , 3D-. . : , , , , .
, . 500
25 . , 150 . [1].
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. : ) ; ) ; ) . ' (. waste dump, spoil heap) ,
, . : , , , .
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, 1 [2].
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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1
(/3)
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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, . .
1
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. (, ). z. z ( 2).
2 z j :
dx
xxj 0
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dyyy
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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dxzzxxzz jijijjiA /))(( ,1,, , (5)
dxzzxxzz jijijjiB /))(( ,11,1,1 . (6)
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: - ; - -
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. OziExplorer, 3D , ArcGis 3D Analyst.
OziExplorer, .
OziExplorer3D , .
3D- :
3 3D-
OziExplorer
+ OziExplorer3D
Google
SASPlanet
3D-
.map
SRTM
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
10
SRTM. , NASA
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), . SRTM- .
NxxEyyy.hgt.zip, xx , yyy , . N E .
ght- 2884802 1201x1201 . (1/1200 ) , .
. SASPlanet.
SASPlanet , , , Google Earth, Google Maps, Bing Maps,
DigitalGlobe, , . . , , ', . .
SRTM OziExplorer3D 12 ( 2).
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()
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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2 () ,
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1. ..
: / .. // - . 0101U001875. , 2004. 114 .
2. .. / .. // . 2009 12. . 45 49.
3. [ ]. : http://www.prupu.org/smi/9717/.
4. .. . / .. , .. // : V , (17 19 2007 ). , 2007. . 70 71.
: : 30.04.2013 - . , . ..
.. , .. . . , 3D-. .
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: , , , , .
V.G. Adamov, .. Parshutina Donetsk National Technical University
Modeling of Waste Dumps and Calculation of Their Parameters. About
25 billion tons of solid waste are saved up for territories of
Ukraine as a result of activity of industrial enterprises. This
waste negatively influences natural landscapes and ecological
conditions. Each dump is a source of air and water pollution with
various toxins. From here follows the need of calculating the
parameters of waste dumps for their classification and further
reorganization. It is possible to determine parameters, having
obtained a three-dimensional model of a dump. Parameters, which
characterize them, are subdivided in physical, thermal, chemical
and economic. The analysis of the basic physical parameters of the
waste is made: the area, shape, angle of natural slope, height,
volume, physical stability, erosion status, proportion of vegetable
cover, tendency to dust formation. When considering the methods of
creating three-dimensional models the uniform grid was chosen. This
model describes coordinates of separate points of a surface in the
following way. To each node of a grid with indexes (i, j) the value
of height Zij is attributed. To indexes (to i, j) correspond
certain values of coordinates (x, y). The distance between the
nodes is identical - dx on axis x and dy on axis y. To each node
corresponds the value of height z. To calculate the height or any
point, within the grid the interpolation of the values of
coordinates z of the nearby nodes is carried out. When constructing
waste dumps models software OziExplorer was selected. (Interactive
mapping system with OziExplorer software module OziExplorer3D),
which uses a uniform grid. To create a three-dimensional model in
OziExplorer3D we need a waste dump image, file of binding to the
grid and the values of the heights of surface points corresponding
to the coordinates. As the altitude data files SRTM (Shuttle Radar
Topography Mission) were selected. To construct a three-dimensional
dump model we also need the corresponding image surface. You can
use the program SASPlanet to get the required picture. SASPlanet is
a program designed for viewing and downloading satellite images of
high resolution and conventional maps submitted by such services as
Google Earth, Google Maps, Bing Maps, DigitalGlobe, Satellite
Imagery," Yandex. But unlike these services, OziExplorer allows you
to leave all the downloaded maps in the computer and have the
opportunity to view them even without internet connection.
Keywords: waste dump, three-dimensional model, radar scan data,
files heights, interactive mapping system.
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621.746.55
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E-mail: [email protected]
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()
- , . . , , . 0,5-1% [1-3].
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[4,5]. . , . (. 1).
.., 2013
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1
. [2,4,8,10]. () , , [8,10].
: 1. ; 2. ; 3. - ; 4. -. 5. : .. 6.
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3k [/]; 2T []. 4)
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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43 )( ksW . (3)
[7]: 5) L
:
)()( 21
tQtQdt
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Q1 , [3/];Q2
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. 1, (1)-(6) (7)-(8), , MATLAB&Simulink (. 2) [7,9,11].
, , .
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u_regulator
Signal 2Group 1
real1
h_st
To Workspace5
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L
To Workspace1
k3
T2.s+1
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0.8
Sets the levelSaturation
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EsU
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PI(s)
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Level
V_out
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3 .
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0 50 100 1500
0.2
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5
.6 . =1/ , [0.002200].
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=1/0.2 (4 .6). .
, 2,5-3 , .
0 50 100 1500.65
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. -.
2. , .
3. - . . . , . , , .
1. .. : / .. ,
.. , .. . : , 2011. 482 .
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2. / [.. , .. , .. .]. : , 2000. 363 .
3. . / .. , .. , .. //.:. 2011. . 13 (194). .98-107.
4. - : . / [.., .., .. .]. - .: , 1989. 288 .
5. .. - : / .. . - [2- ., . .]. .: , 1987. 464 .
6. [ ]/ [.. , .. , .. .] // . :
http://uas.su/conferences/2010/50let/32/00032.php.
7. .. / .. ;.. ..// . 2012. 65. . 195-202.
8. .. : / .. // . 2006. . 1, 4. . 66-74.
9. .. / .. // . . : . 2012. . 3, 2. .74-78.
10. .. : [. ] / .., . ., . ., ... [2- ., . .]. .: , 1986. 352
.
11. ..Matlab 6.5 SP1/7.0 Simulink 5/6. / .. . .: -, 2005. 806
.
12. .. Matlab[ ] / .. , .. , .. // , . 2007. - 2(20). -
http://aaecs.org/kovrigo-yum-fomenko-bv-polishuk-ia-matematicheskoe-modelirovanie-sistem-avtomaticheskogo-regulirovaniya-s-uchetom-ogranichenii-na-upravlenie-v-pakete-atlab.html.
: :
31.03.2013 - ., . ..
.. . .
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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. , -. . ' . :, , , , -, .
O.S. Volueva Donetsk National Technical University Compensation
of the PI-controller Integral Windup in the Mold Level Control
System for Continuous Casting Machine. The efficiency of the
continuous casting machine (CCM) and the total quality of billet is
primarily determined by the dynamic processes taking place in the
mold. High stability of continuous casting process is a requirement
for high-quality billet. Fluctuations of the metal level in the
mold lead to significant violation of the casting process, which in
turn leads to a deterioration in the quality of production (defects
occur in the internal structure of the ingot and non-metallic
inclusions appear). The problem of maintaining the level of metal
in the mold can be solved in several ways, the most common of these
is the application of an automatic flow control system supplied
from the tundish through the stopper mechanism. The main purpose is
to reduce metal fluctuations in the mold during transient regime by
improving the system of automatic control. To achieve this purpose
it is required to develop a controller with integral windup
compensation for the automaticlevel control system of molten
metalin acontinuous castingmold. To maintain the level of metal in
the mold with high accuracy, it is reasonable to use the principle
of the cascade control. Inner control loop - control of the
stoppers position.The main requirement for this loop - high speed
and accuracy of the stoppers movement. External (main) control loop
is to compensate the deviation of the metal level due to
disturbances and to ensure the required accuracy of regulation. The
object of study is the external control loop for automatic metal
level control in the mold of slab continuous casting machine.
Control structure is based on the principle of feedback control.
The most accepted PI-controller was chosen as the most relevant
because of its simple construction, implementation and transparent
performance. The mathematical model of the cascade level control
using stopper mechanism in the mold was developed. PI control law
is applied as control law. Analysis of simulation results showed
that the developed mathematical model adequately reflects the
dynamic processes. The model enabled the studyof influence of
conditions of the effect of integral windup PI(D) controller in a
system with non-linearities. It isproposed to use the subsystem of
windup compensation. Westudied the influence of the values of the
loop transfer gain on the transitional processes in the system. The
coefficient variated within wide limits, whereby the optimum range
for the system has been experimentally chosen. The study revealed
that there is a limit, after which the change in this gain value
has no positive effect on the dynamics of the process. Keywords:
mold, metal level, integral windup, control system, mathematical
model, nonlinearity, PI-controller.
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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621.301
.. (. . , .) - - , .
E-mail: [email protected]
. . : , , .
. . [1] , , . , , . , , 2H - . , , . H - , . .
. .
.., 2013
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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[1]. ( )X t
1 2( ) ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( )
y p y T TX t V t F t V t F t V t V t F t V t S t
( ) ( ), ( ) T TU t F t U t .
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tdx
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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)(1 tW
: )(tV
)(tS , )(),( 21 tftf )(),( 21 tt : ),()()(1 tVtVt :
),()()(2 tStSt )(),( 43 tftf
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.)(),(),(),(),(),()( 2121TtUtFtZtZtttZ
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:
.)(),(),(),()( 2121T
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sW3 kz kw . swp ,
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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H .. -
jWjWtraceJpw
*maxmin .
H - . H - , , , , [8-9]. H 2H 2H H - . H - . , H - , , , , .
,
H - , , .. . , , , , H - .
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. (. 1) ), ), ) ) , (. 2) .
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)(tV , )(tV
)(tV , )(tS , .. . , .
,
. , . ,
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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, . , , , , , , .
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
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) )
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
26
1. ..
/ .. , .. , .. . : , 2005.511. 2. .. / .. ,
.. , .. . .: , 1994.232. 3. .. /
.. , .. , .. . : , 1996.282. 4. Khargonekar P. H ptimal control
with state feedback / P.Khargonekar, I. Petersen,
M. Rotea // IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., AC. 1988. 33. .783 786.
5. State space solutions to standard H2 and H control problems /
[J.Doyle,
K. Glover, P.Khargonekar, and B. Francis //IEEE Trans. Automat.
Contr., AC 34. 1989. - no 8. .831 847.
6. DoyleJ. Synthesis of Robust Controllers and Filters /J.C.
Doyle // Proc. IEEE Conf. On Decision and Control, (San Antonio,
TX, December 14 16), 1983.
7. SafonovM.G. H Control Synthesis for a Large Space Structure /
M.G. Safonov,R.Y. Chiang and H. Flashner//AIAAJ. Guidance, Control
and Dynamics. 1991. -. 513 520.
8. SteinG. Tutorial Workshop on H Control Theory / G. Stein. Los
Angeles, 1987. : : 22.02.2013 - . , . ..
.. - - . ' . . : , , . B.B. Kobilyanskiy Educational and
Scientific Professional Pedagogical Institute UPA Research of
sensitiveness of optimal and robust control by a three-mass winding
machine. To improve the quality of the coating process of winding
tape with sufficient accuracy to support the technological
parameters of the winding process at a given level. To improve the
accuracy of controlling the speed of the drive mechanism and
tension winding tape wrapping machines are equipped with modern
electromechanical systems of automatic maintenance of process
parameters at a given level. This article deals with the questions
of dynamic characteristics stabilization for winding machine
control system with the help of optimal and robust control for
winding machine with elastic elements as three masses system. The
example of dynamic characteristics for such systems is given. Use
of robust controllers possible to obtain acceptable quality for the
entire range of radii unwinding of winding machines and purges the
mug with winding tape. Due to the introduction of two integrating
links to robust control system is provided via astatism as
controlling the speed of the drive motor and the drive mechanism
and the canal winding tension control tape. The use of robust
controllers yielded quality that meet the technical requirements
for the control system, with one of the robust controller for three
radii unwinding, while the attempt to apply optimal controllers
synthesized for one - medium range unwinding, leading to loss of
stability of the system. Keywords: winding machine, robust
regulator, optimal regulator.
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
27
621.317.61:622.012.2
.. (. . , .) , .
. .. , E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
, , . : , , , , , , .
,
. : ( , ), (1140 660 ). , , .. , .. . .
(),
. ( ) [1]. , . , . , , - ( , ) [2]. ( ) ( .
.., 2013
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
28
,
, (.1). [2] - , .., () , . , , .., .
: CBA eee ,, -
; R; R L; L , , ; R1.1; R1.2 L1.1; L1.2 , , ..;
CvBvAv eee ,, - (); CBA iii 1,11 ,
CBA iii 2,22 , - , , ,
. ,
, . 2 ..: () . (R) (L) ( ) i i .. i:
aTt-
ei)t(Iiii 0sin2 (1) I . .; i0 . . ; = 2f ; . .; . .; . .; f
.
.. :
1 -
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
29
tseTt
eSjLLe
jpopo
r
)1(0 0)1(
(2)
0L ; rL ; s o .
, , :
,/)/( 00 rrrr RIKURLT (3)
U ; 11, (
) , ; I .
,
Ci1
Bi1
Ai1 Ai2
Bi2
Ci2
Cve
Ave
Bve
f=50
2 ..
..,
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
30
( CBA eee ,, ) ;
; , .
660 1140 .
, : -1000 -630; 370, 350, 335, 1 300 ; 3120 10 [3].
(. 3; . 4) .. di/dt : min < < max .
) ) 4 660 : ) -1000-6/0,69, )-630-6/0,69, (1 - 370, 2 -
350, 3 - 335)
) ) 3
1140 : ) -1000-6/1,2; )-630-6/1,2; (1 - 370, 2 - 350, 3 -
335)
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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, ( / ..). . 5 (/), .
..
, di/dt , . / .. .
.. , di/dt , . / .. .
.. - di/dt , , , . 6 . 7 [4]. , , (U4) (U3), . U4 U3 ( U5) di/dt
( U6, U5). di/dt U6 ( ) ..
di/dt , ( ) U1 U2 (. 7). U9 ( U7, , U2) U11 , U7 U1.
) ) 5 ..,
: ) -1000-6/1,2; ) -1000-6/0,69; (1 370; 2 350; 3 335)
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
32
6
) )
7
.. . di/dt . .
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
33
1. .2. / [.. , .. , ..
, .. ]; . . .. . [2- .]. : - Ltd., 2001. . 404-418.
2. : [ ] / [.. , .. , .. , .. ]; . .. - [3- .]. - . ; . , 2003.
- 548 .
3. .. / .. . - .: , 1977. - 206 .
4. : [ . .] / [.. , .. , .. .]. : , : , 2009. 371 .
5. : 50773 (UA), (2009) 023/00 / .. , .. . . 14.12.2009; .
25.06.2010, . 12.
: : 19.03.2013 - . , . .. .. . , , . : , , , , , , . K.N.
Marenych Donetsk National Technical University Estimation of the
Time of Current Travelling through Two Fixed Levels as a Way of
Accelerating the Functions of Overcurrent Protection. A modern mine
is an energy-intensive enterprise in which all the processes are
electrified. The modern protection against short circuits is based
on the method of measuring a parameter proportional to the electric
current in the consumers cable, comparing this value with the
maximum allowed and turning off the network, if the measured value
is higher than the maximum parameter. The short circuit in the
power supply has a high risk of fire or methane-air mixture
explosion in the atmosphere. Improvement of technological equipment
is a prerequisite for increasing cross sections of cables,
increasing the power transformers. Therefore, the properties of the
power to limit the short circuit current are reduced. The problem
of limiting the thermal overload in case of short circuit can be
solved by reducing the duration of identifying and disabling this
dangerous process. From here follows the need for high-speed
methods of detecting short circuits in electric power networks. An
analysis of electric system, based on the measurement of the phase
between the current and voltage, the speed of current increase in a
mine electrical system and the combination of these methods is
interesting. Keywords: mine; electrotechnical complex, electrical
short circuit, electrical current, parameter measurement. device of
protection.
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
34
622.532
.. (. . , ., . . .), .. (. . , .)
, . . ..
, . , . : , , , .
, - , , , , . . , , , . . , - . , .
, :
1) ;
2) ; .., .., 2013
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
35
3) , , .
,
. 1.
1, 2, 3, 4 5 . , , .
, , , . , (. . 1), , , :
Fdtdv
m , (1)
, :
n
1i i
nis
1sT
esW )( , (2)
Q(t)
Q(t)
Pa
II
II
II
00
h(t)
1.
III
III
1
Pa 23 4
IV
IV
Pa 5
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
36
: = l, ; , /3; l ( ), ; ( ), 2; v , /; F , ( ), ; , , ; s , -1;
; i ; i , i- ; i - i- , .
, , , . .
1. ,
, , , . : , , , . (. . 1), . , . , , ,
F
tQtQdt
tdh n , (3)
h(t) , ; F , 2; Qn(t), Q(t) , 3/.
Qn(t) Q(t) Q(t), (3) tQ
dttdh
F . (4)
sQshsF . (5)
s
sQ
shsW 1
1 , (6)
F
11
, -2.
, .
2.
.
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
37
, . , . 1, I-I, II-II, 0-0:
II-I2
222II
1
211I Hz
g2v
gP
zg2v
gP
, (7)
I II I-I II-II, ; v1 v2 () ( II-II), /; z1 z2 I-I II-II 0-0, ;
I-II , I-I II-II, ; 1 2 , .
, (7),
: v1 = 0; z1 = -H; z2 = 0; PI = Pa; PII = Pa+P; 2
222
III Qag2v
H
,
, ; , , ; Q , 3/; ,
2/5; Q2
, . (7)
2 QHgP . (8)
, (8), . (1).
, F
PF . (9) (1) (8), (9)
2 QHdtdQ
gl
. (10)
(10) Q. Q
2 Q0 = Q = const:
2120000202 nQnQaQQa2QQQa2QaQa ,
1 = 2Q; 22 Qan ; Q ; Q = f(t) t.
Q2 (10)
:
QHdtdQ
gl
1
, (11)
: = 2, , .
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
38
(11) 1
ssQsQsT 22 ,
s ; 2 : 1
2 1
, /2; 2
: 1
2 ng
l
, .
1sT
sH
sQsW
2
2
2
. (12)
, . (12) , , . .
3. ,
. . , , . , II-II, III-III (. .1) 0-0, .
gP
Hg
P IIIIIIII
II
, (13)
PII = P+ II-II; PIII = P+ III-III; ; ; ,
;
IIIII HHgP
H
,
F, :
gF , (14) , 2. ( = ); g , /2; , /3; , , 2.
, (1).
(1) F (14) ,
dtdQ
gl
, (15)
, ; .
: 2
0 BQQH ;
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
39
2QH , 0 , ( ); , ( ); Q ; ; .
(15) , (12):
11
3
sT
sHsQ
sW3
3 , (16)
1
3 Agl
T
, ; 1
1A
3 , 2/
AnA 31 ; QQBn 22 '3 ; 4'01 n ; HHH 0'0 ; 22 QQB )('4 ;
1 , ,
2''0 QBAQHH1 (17)
, , , .
4. ,
, , . . , . III-III IV-IV 0-0 (. . 1):
IV-IIIIVIII Hz
gv
g
Pz
g
v
gP
4244
3
233
22
, (18)
III = +1 III-III; IV = IV-IV; 1 , .3 (17); 3 = 4 ; v3 = v4 ; z3
z4 0-0: z3 = 0; z4 = ; III-IV III-III IV-IV: III-IV = Q2; ; Q , ;
.
(18)
2QHH 1 . (19) (19)
, , (17).
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
40
, :
20 CQAQHH , (20)
= + ; = + ; 0 = 0 . CQ2 Q
QHH '0 , (21)
2CQHH 0'0 ; = 2Q . (1), : F = g;
m = l. , (21)
ttQdt
tdQg
l4
'0
,
4Tgl
, ;
41
.
: sHsQssQT 4 '04 ,
1'0
4
s
sH
sQsW
4
4.. ,
14
s
esW4
4s , (22)
l
, ;
, / ( [1]: = 1300 /).
, .
1. .
2. , , .
3. .
4. .
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
41
1. .. : /
.. , .. . .: , 1987. 270 .
: : 30.04.2013 - . , . ..
.. , .. . , . , . : , , , .
E. Nikulin, S. Nyeyezhmakov Donetsk National Technical
University The Mathematical Description of the Main Components of
the System of Automatic Control of a Drainage Installation. We
defined the ranges of the process parameters of a sump installation
in the area of industrial use of the pump. This will allow using a
linear mathematical tool to describe the dynamic processes taking
place in the controlled system. A study was conducted to increase
the level of automation and improvement of technical and economic
parameters of the drainage. It was found that the creation of an
additional unit of pump installation in stationary mode will expand
the functionality of control equipment. Functionally complete
technological units for hydraulic circuit sump installation were
considered. We performed a graph-analytical analysis of mine
dewatering plants that are equipped with centrifugal superchargers.
The main functionally complete units, which have been identified,
and regulatory disturbances are considered. On the basis of the
boundaries we defined changes in the main technological parameters
of the control system. We have obtained previously unknown
mathematical relationships that tie together the input and output
actions. The effective methods of linearization and transformation
of the approximating functions were identified. On this basis, the
transfer functions were obtained. The research results do not
contradict the basic assumptions of the theory of turbomachinery
blade and control theory of objects of this class. Keywords: sump
installation, dynamic performance, calculated curves, transfer
functions.
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
42
622.412.13:681. 817
.. (. . , .) , .
. .. -mail: [email protected]
. , . . : , , , .
-
. , , . , , , . , . , . .
, .
, ().
, /1 6/, . , - . ( ) . , ( , ) . .
. .., 2013
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
43
, .
.
. ()
, , .
, ,
CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O (1) ,
, ( ), .
dtnnn
nAndtAndtnn
eSD
dNAOKOMO
MOMKMKMOMK
MMK
2)( , (2)
nMK, nMO , /3; nKO, nO , /3; S, l, V , ; ( ), , , 3/; DM ,
2/. (2) ,
. , dt r. , (1).
.
(2) V,
dtnVA
dtnnlV
SDdn MKMOMK
MMK )( (3)
, t = 0, nMK = 0
)1( Tt
MOMK eKnn
, (4)
K = AS1
1 (5)
() ;
AS
VST
1
(6)
, ;
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
44
SD
lS
M
(7)
, /3. (2.31) ,
1)(
)()(
K
PnPn
PW
MO
MK (8)
[1-3].
)1)(1()(*)(
)()(
)(
PTPT
KPWPW
PnPU
PW
MO
, (9)
= * (10)
.
(9) ,
,
W )( , (11) .
,
TT = 0 = = (12) .
=
)1)(1(
)1)(1()(
2
2
1
1
21
PKT
PKT
PTPTKPW
K
K
K
K
KKK (13)
1KT = , 2KT = r, 1 = 2 , 1KT , 2KT , 1, 2 ; .
, , .
, . (12)
= a
aT
U
U
(14)
aTU , aU
. ,
.
. , . . (9). , .
. (14)
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
45
)1(
)1(
(15)
. (15) ,
, . (14) (15).
SD
l
M
( ) (16)
U U
(4)
A
UU
11 '
'
UUUU
A
''
'
(17)
(15),
TT
T
TT
c SS
SS
K
U
UU
UUU
K
'
'
'
'
'
'
(18)
, ( , . ., ) (18).
= ( , , , ),
T
T
K
K
U
UU
UUU
'
'
'
'
. (19)
( = + ),
( = ) (19).
T
T
K
K
U
UU
UUU
'
'
'
'
)(
(20)
,
, .
(18) - . (16)
ATV
, (21)
ATV
'
'
(22)
(17),
TUTU
UUVA
''
'
. (23)
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
46
(23) (21) (22),
UTTV
TUTUT
)(
)('
''
, (24)
''
''''
)(
)(
UTTV
TUTUT
. (25)
(24) (25),
''
2'''
)(
)(
UUTTV
TUTU
(26)
(26) (18),
=
T
UUUUVU
UUVUTUTU
))(()(
)()()(''''
''2''
. (27)
= 0 ( ) = 0
= )(
)('2'
'2'
T
TT
UUVUU
UUUVTU
. (28)
, (V = VT + const), V V (27), (28) .
. (16)
=
T
TV (29)
(15),
TT
TT KV
KV
VTV
2
2
(30)
V = const
K
K
VTV
(31)
(24), V (31).
T
K
K
UUU
UU
)()(
)('''
'2
(32)
= 0 = 0
K
K
UU
UU '
' )(
(33)
= (
). = (29) =
TV
(15)
TT
T K
K
VTV
VTV
)(
)(
(34)
V S = const
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
47
K
K
VT
VT
)
(35)
, (16) S = 0 = T
V,
U
UUTV
'
.
(35),
K
K
U
UUU
'
' )( (36)
, const.
(21) = T
V,
T
VK
KV
)(
)(2
2
(37)
, , .
, = ST - ST (21) (32)
)( ''
'''
T TUU
UUTUU
(38)
= 0 = 0
'
T UU
UU (39)
, . , , , . . . . , .
: , - . , . . .; , , . . . , . , . , , . , .
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
48
(10) = . .
(5)
1AI
IK
(40)
)( 21
'
AAII
K
(41)
1, 2 .
,
11 AI
nU
; AAI
nU 2
2
)( 211
'
AAI
nU
;
)( 212
'
AAI
nU
U1, U2, U1, U
2
. (15),
, . , , . .
2
2
2'
1'
1
1'
11
T
TT
K
UUU
UUU
K
(42)
T
TT
TTT
K
UUUUU
UUUUU
K
1
1
21'
1'
21
2'
21
21'
1
)()(
(43)
1.
. 2.
. 3.
. 4.
.
1. . .
/ .. , .. // : . .. . 1977. - . 157. . 111 115.
2. .. / .. , .. // , . : . . . . 1976. . 12. . 63 66.
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
49
3. .. / .. , .. // . : . . . . 1978. . 2. . 78 84.
4. .. / .. // . . . . 1979.
5. .. / .. , .. , .. . .: , 1984. 285 .
6. .. / .. , .. . .: , 1994. 335 .
7. .. / .. // . 2001. .2.
8. .. [ ] / .. , .. . :
http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/natural/nvngu/2009_12/golinko.pdf.
: :
15.04.2013 - . , . ..
.. . . . . . . : , , , .
Ye.N. Novikov Donetsk National Technical University Improving
Metrology Descriptions of a Thermocatalytic Methane Sensor. Among
all types of failures the explosions of methane and coal dust
mixtures are of particular danger. They result in group accidents
with lethality and great damage of equipment. Exploitation of the
existing gas control facilities is connected with considerable
running expenses conditioned by the necessity of periodic technical
service and testing of measuring accuracy. The problems of gas
control facilities automatic diagnostics have not been practically
solved. Therefore diagnostics of catalytic methane sensor in the
automatic mode requires practical realization. The analysis of
dynamic processes in a methane sensor was performed. We considered
the parameters influencing the constant of time transients and the
methods of its reduction. The paper provides the methods of
diagnostics of metrology descriptions of a catalytic methane sensor
as well as the methods of diagnostics of dynamic and static
parameters of thermocatalytic methane sensors. The new methods of
control and indentification of dynamic errors of catalytic sensors
are offered. The new methods of methane sensor sensitivity control
by changing gas-exchange resistance are described. Keywords:
thermocatalytic methane control, transient processes, diagnostics
methods, metrological characteristics.
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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621.647.1
.. (. . ) , .
. .. E-mail: [email protected]
-4
-4 . : , , , , , , .
(), . . ()315 ( ), 1140 660 500/1500 / ( ) . , , -26 ( 255/160
), 27 (2-365/200), 29 (2120/360) . , . , [1]. ( ), , , . , .
, ,
. , [2] -355L12/4: , (
1f =1650 , 1mU =100 ) ( 2f =143 , 2mU =142 ) .
.. 2013
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
51
. [3], , , . , , .
,
, .
(. 1), () , QF -4, , 1 2, 1 2 W1 ( ) W2 ( ), , R. ( R ) ( C )
.
, 1t ,
QF 1 , 2
1
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
52
. 1t 2 W2 . -4 2, W1 W2. 1 2 W1 W2. -4 : -4 , 1, 1, W1 , 1 W1, 2
W2, 2, , , -4.
(. 1) , . 2. : 1
2
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
53
(1-1 , RL1-RL3 ); 2 - 1 ; 3 W1 (2-2 , RL4-RL6 ); 4 -4, - RTa,
LTa - RTc, LTc, Uop R5; 5 - W2 (3-3, 4-4 , RL7-RL9 ); 6 - - 2 ; 7
(Rv , Breaker ); 8 , . ( 5), :
)2sin()2sin( 2211 tfUtfUu mm . (1) 8
1f ( RMS1650) 2f ( RMS142) . QF, 1 2 (. 1), (. 2) . : 1u ( u1);
2u (u2); i (
1); 1 2 W1 W2 (i0); 5Ru ( R5) -4 (uR5); q (q) . : -355L12/4; 1
1C =1 ;
1 1R =1 ; 2 2C =1 ;
2 2R =1 ; 0,1 ,
1 ; 1f =1650 , 1mU =100 ,
2f =143 , 2mU =142 ; 1 .
: 1t =0,1 ; 110-3 ; 0,1%.
(. 3) , 1t , , (. 3, ), , - (. 3, ), 5Ru =0,9
-4 ( limu =2,4 ), . 1t (. 3, ), , , , , 0,2 . 0,2 . -5 2t =0,118
,
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
54
-4 12 tt =0,018. , (1 ), . 1140 -4 0,07. , 17,6 , (50 ). -4
.
(. 4),
0,07 ,
3 , : ; ;
; 1 2 W1 W2 ;
( R5) -4
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
55
0,1 1 500 ( 1), 1 ( 2) 2 ( 3). -4 .
-4 . . -4 0,1 1 . .
1. / [.. , ..
, .. , .. ]. : , 2003. 151 . 2. ..
: / .. , .. . : , 2012. 125 .
3. / [ .., .., .. .] // . "-". 2008. - 16(142). . 132-140.
: 01.04.2013 - . , . ..
4
500 ( 1), 1 ( 2) 2 ( 3)
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
56
.. -4 . -4 . : , , , , , , .
S.A. Russijan Donetsk National Technical University Mathematical
Model of Safety Function of Apparatus AZUR-4 during Tripping of
Damaged Cable Connection of Double-Speed Induction Motor
Disconnected Winding. Today in coal mining two-speed induction
motors are widely used. The main feature of these motors - two
independent stator windings with different numbers of poles. This
allows the motor to operate at two different speeds. Disabled state
of one winding leads to induction to the other winding transformer
EMF, which causes a voltage applied to cable connection of
disconnected winding. Insulation damage of such cable connection
can lead to current leakage, in particular, through the resistance
of the human body. This can lead to a fatal electrocution. Despite
the presence of network-wide protection device AZUR-4 cable
connection of disconnected winding does not fall under its
protective effect. The cause is that there are no electrical
connection between the network and disconnected winding. To improve
the operational safety of the mine section network it is actual to
research into the process of current leakage in the cable
connection of double-speed induction motor disconnected winding. To
identify by AZUR-4 the current leakage to earth in the cable
connection of disconnected winding it is proposed to interconnect
the zero points of both motor windings. This will provide the
electrical connection between the windings and allow using DC
control device to control the insulation resistance to earth of
cable connection of disconnected motor winding. To calculate the
leakage current through the resistance of the human body in a power
network with two-speed motor according to the equivalent circuit
the computer model is composed. The model includes the secondary
winding of section transformer, to which by flexible cable the
nominal speed winding of two-speed motor is connected. To the
disconnected winding the second flexible cable is connected, in
which a leakage current appears. The model allows to calculate
instantaneous values of leakage current and the amount of
electricity which got through resistance of human body. Also the
model contains measuring part of AZUR-4. There is a possibility to
track the change of voltage on the reactive organ of AZUR-4. By a
computer simulation the possibility of protective function
distribution of AZUR-4 on the cable joining of disconnected winding
of two-speed asynchronous motor was ascertained due to connection
of both windings zero points of winding motor. Keywords: mine,
section, power network, current leakage, two-speed induction motor,
electrical shock, protective device.
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
57
681.513.7
.. 1, .. (. . , .)2, .. (. . , .)1
, . 1) . ..
2) E-mail: [email protected]
, . . : , , , , , , .
, . .
. , [1].
. , , .
, , [2]. , , , .
, . , 10-15% [3].
, , , )(q , )(td , .
.., .., .., 2013
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
58
, .
, [4]. , [5].
gB , vB , dt , pmt ;
dB , vpt ;
ost . :
.)k(CdVdBg
Qpot-)t-td(FFmqQnrBgt
rt
osd d
1
: , :
);(Qpot-)t-)(td(FFm)(q
)k()(tdCdVd)(BgQnr)(Bgd
dtCdV
nosnn
rnt
nnn
dtkam
dd
1
(1)
:
);(Bv)(Bg)(Bd
)(dBTn nnnd
n
nd
:
)].(t)(t[Fd
dtCM nklnd
n
kltklkl
kl
.
:
.)k(CdVdBg
Qpot-)t-td(FFmqQnrBgt
rt
osd d
1
: , :
);t-)((tdF-Fm)(q-)k-(1)(dtCdVd)(Bg
)(QpotQnr)(Bg)(dtCd)(Bdddt
CdV
osvrvtd
v
vvndt
nv
ddtkam
(2)
:
);(Bv)(Bg)(B)(Bd
)(dBTv vvndvd
v
vd
:
)].(t)(t[Fddt
CM vklvdv
kltklklkl
.
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
59
:
),(Bvp)(Bvp)(Bvr)(Bvr vnvn ),(Bdr)(Bdp nn
)],(t)(t[CB)](t)(t[Cd
dB
)](t)(t[CB)](t)(t[Cd
dB
nvpnvrt
rvnvpnvrt
v
rv
ndrndpt
dpndrndpt
n
dp
vrvr
dpdp
),(B)(B vrdv
pd
)].(t)(t[CB)](t)(t[Cd
dB
)](t)(t[CB)](t)(t[Cd
dB
vvpvvrt
rvvvpvvrt
v
rv
vdrvdpt
dpvdrvdpt
v
dp
vrvr
dpdp
, (1)
, , n [1]:
.Fm
tCdV)k(tdCdVdBg
Fm-)t-td(FQpotQnrBg
q
n
nkamnr
n
nosnn
1 (3)
(2), :
,Fm
tdCdV)kr(tdCdVdBg
Fm-)t-td(FQpotQnrBgdtCdBd
q
v
kamv
vosvvn
1 (4)
t , , .
(1) (2) , (3) (4) . , d.
Qpot td t . . , . ttd .
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
60
, :
tdCdVdBg
tvCvVvkr
td
tv
,
tv , .
tv .
[1]:
pmd tt
q
,
pmt ,
d.
.
. [6]. . , , , , [1].
. , , 30-35% 15-20 %.
. , , , , , .
(. 1) (.2), (. 3).
. , .
, ().
.
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
61
1 -
2
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
62
3
, ,
. , )(q , .
, . , , , .
, .
1. .. :
/ . . . : ( ), 2012. - 248 . 2. : ..
1723157 C21D11/00. - . 30.03.92, 12. 3. Evaluation of thermal
characteristics of oscillating combustion // International Journal
of
Engineering, Science and Technology. - 2010. - Vol. 2, No. 2. .
165-173. 4. ..
/ .. , .. // . : . 2012. - 22(200). 35-40 .
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
63
5. . / . ; . . . . .: , 1984. 541 ., .
6. .. / .. , .. , .. // . : . 2011. 21(183). 48-54 .
: : 30.04.2013 - . , . ..
.. , .. , .. . , . . : , , , , , , .
I. Skorobogatova, A. Biryukov, B.Gavrylenko Donetsk National
Technical University Diagnosis of Instant Heat Balances for the
Analysis of the Furnace Thermal Parameters Efficiency. We analyze
thermal parameters that affect the quality of billet heating in the
chamber furnace. Dynamic equations were obtained during primary
heating and during exposure of metal in the furnace. In the heat
treatment chamber furnaces blanks controlled variable to implement
diagnostics is the surface temperature of the material. It was
determined that the normalized measure of the quality of the
heating is heated by the thermal state of the billet At a certain
approach to the installation of the sensors is possible to study
the asymmetry of heat within the furnace. Measure the surface
temperature of heated bodies in the furnace chamber pyrometers is a
daunting technical challenge. A disadvantage of the known system of
automatic control is the absence of current information about the
actual heating of the metal. The use of a heat meter in the
automatic control system will evaluate the current heat absorption
of the metal and keep heating for a given temperature regime map.
Increasing the value of the fuel utilization factor and reduce gas
consumption can be achieved by lowering the temperature of flue
gases. The problem can be solved by increasing the convective heat
transfer coefficient or emissivity. It has been studied
experimentally. It has been found that the use of pulsed mode will
increase the heat transfer coefficient by 30-35% and to reduce the
heating time by 15-20%. The implementation of the requirements of
energy-saving technology to increase fuel efficiency requires a
change in the number of operations in the automation of the
furnace, and thus changes the functionality of the system being
developed. This in turn complicates the concept of separate blocks
and links and the use of additional control circuits. Enhanced
functionality, improving performance of the furnace requires a
change in the structure of the automation system thermal furnace.
Keywords: fuel, sensors, position, control, furnace, diagnostics,
efficiency.
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628.33
.. (. . , .), .. , .
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
' , , ( ) , . , ' . . , - , . : , , , .
,
. 1 / 1 3 , , . , , : , , , , : , , , , .
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: 1. ; 2. ; 3. ;
.., .., 2013
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.^3/
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 201.37
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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) )
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0 5 10 1511
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, .
2. , .
3. . , - , .
1) .. /
.. , .. . .: , 1980. 144 . 2) ..
/ .. , .. , .. // . . . 2010. .18(169). . 172-179.
3) [ ] . : http://www.ecoenergo.com.ua/articles-17.html.
: : 31.03.2013 - . , . ..
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.. , .. . , . ( ) , . , . . , - , . : , , , .
R.V. Fedyun, T.V. Naydyenova Donetsk National Technical
University Research of the Dynamics of Automatic Control System of
the Process of Biochemical Water Treatment. The control object is
an aerotank, where considerable power consumption takes place.
Water treatment in it is done by microorganisms (activated sludge)
and air sypplied by powerful compressors and pumps. An efficient
automated control system is impossible without a thorough study of
characteristics and processes which take place in the control
object. To analyze ACS dynamics we need to simulate the process of
biochemical water treatment in different modes. There was the
conducted design of the dynamic mode of object management - to the
aerotank without the serves of air and silt, but with the set
initial conditions, such that concentrations on an output will not
equal a zero. It is possible to draw conclusion coming from the got
results, that concentration of microorganisms in an aerotank in
default of serves to the silt and air, with initial values
approaches a zero, that right. It is tested as a change of
revolting factors influences on ACS and management object. The
design of the dynamic mode of ACS is for this purpose conducted
with the increase of stream of flow waters. The design of the
dynamic mode of ACS is conducted at diminishing volume of flow
waters in an aerator. A design result rotined that the change of
volume of flow waters in an aerator did not give large changes on
sizes which describe the state of object. The design of the dynamic
mode of ACS with the increase of concentration of contaminations in
an input stream rotined that a change the concentration of
contaminations in an input stream influenced on sizes which
describe the state of object: the concentration of microorganisms
in an aerotank was a bit increased; the concentration of
contaminations in an aerotank was increased, that is conditioned
the increase of concentration of contaminations in an input stream;
the concentration of oxygen did not change substantially, but a bit
diminished, that is conditioned the increase of amount of
microorganisms; clearly, if the concentration of microorganisms was
increased, speed of consumption of oxygen increased also; the mass
loading did not change on a silt. Thus, ACS bar to operating of
revolting factors on the object of management. The dynamics
analysis has shown that the system reacts adequately to the change
of initial conditions (all the variables are within the range of
their possible values, air and sludge are supplied as required).
Keywords: biochemical water treatment, aerotank, sewer waters,
concentration of microorganisms.
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681.5:661.2
.. (. . , .) , .
E-mail: [email protected]
. . . , . : , , , , , .
, , . . [1,2,3]:
- ; - ; - .
. - [4,5,6,7].
, , [7,8]:
- ; - ; - -; - ; - .
, , . [9,10].
.., 2013
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, , .
( ) .
(. 1) [2,5,12,13]. , , , , .
L Lu1 u2e2e1 h h- -
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: 1)
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.
. , , . , .
, .
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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(. 1).
[8,11,14]:
)(
2
2
thkdt
dh
dt
hdT , (1)
h , ; h , ; k , /; T , .
,
)()(
thkthdt
dhT , (2)
h , ; k , /; T= T , .
: 1) :
)()( 21
tQtQdt
dLS , (3)
Q1 , 3/; Q2
, 3/; S , 2.
2) : )()( 1 hftQ , (4)
, , .. )()( 1 thktQ , (5)
k , (3/)/.
3) : )()( 2 tVkStQ , (6)
V , /; k=1/60 , /.
, .
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)()(
k sW
sWsW
, (7)
W(s) ; W(s) .
, . (3), (5) (6), k W(s) - k. k W(s)
kkkk , (8)
k=1 W(s) ; k=1
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ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
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W(s) ; k W(s) .
k (3), (5) (6): -1 Skk , (9)
-1k )0( kSkW .
, MATLAB&SIMULINK (. 2, 3) [15]. .
k3
T2.s+1
-K-
h__ h_
E
EsU
h
h_min h_max1
V_
h_L
Signal 3Group 1
0.8
Metal level
0
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Add
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/
2 MATLAB&SIMULINK
)
)
3 () () MATLAB&SIMULINK
, . 4.
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0 50 100 1500.5
1
1.5
2
Time t, s
Pull
ing
spee
d, m
/min
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.
0 50 100 1500
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20
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per h
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m
Without compensatorWith compensator
5
,
3-4 , .
1.
( ) ( ).
2. .
3. , .
4. ,
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3-4 .
0 50 100 1500.68
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Without compensatorWith compensator
6
1. .. / .. , .. ,
.. . : , 2011. 482 . 2. : / [.. , .. ,
.. .]. : , 2012. 417 . 3. : / [.. , .. , ..
.]. : , 2002. 536 . 4. .. : / .. .
: , 2004. 361 . 5.
[ ] / [.. , .. , .. .] // . :
http://uas.su/conferences/2010/50let/32/00032.php.
6. Electrics/Automation for Continuous Casting [ ]. :
http://www.industry.siemens.com/verticals/metals-industry/en/metals/electrics-automation/
continuous-casting/Pages/home.aspx.
7. SIMETAL LevCon. Mold level control and stability with the
utmost precision [ ]. :
http://www.industry.siemens.com/datapool/industry/industrysolutions/metals/simetal/en/
SIMETAL-LevCon-en.pdf.
8. .. / .. ; . . .. // . - 2012. 65. . 195-202.
9. [ ]. :
http://www.tehnoinfa.ru/teorijasistempravlenija/50.html.
10. .. : / .. // . 2006. . 1, 4. . 66-74.
11. .. / .. // . . : . 2012 . 3, 2. . 74-78.
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12. .. : . / .. , . . , . . , .. . [2- ., . . ]. .: , 1986. 352
.
13. . [ ]. :
http://www.uralmash.ru/files/MNLZ_ru-03221131.pdf.
14. [ ] / . : http://www.mikuni.ru/qa/32.html.
15. .. Matlab 6.5 SP1/7.0 Simulink 5/6. / .. . .: -, 2005. 806
.
: : 31.03.2013 - . , . ..
.. . . . , . ' , . : , , , , , .
N.N. Chernyshev Donetsk National Technical University Combined
System of Automatic Control of Metal Level in the Mold.
Stabilization of metal in the mold during continuous casting of
steel is needed to produce a high quality ingot, to increase metal
yield, to reduce the time and improve the safety of the casting
process. Constant level is maintained by stopper mechanism for
steel coming from the tundish ladle. The main disturbance having
significant impact on the level is the speed of pulling the ingot
with a pulling crate, which is located in the area where metal
almost completely hardens. Pulling speed varies according to
certain laws in the casting process, and therefore its influence on
the level of metal can be pre-compensated. Thus, it is advisable to
use the principle of combined control based on compensation of
controlled perturbation (ingot pulling rate). A block diagram of
the combined system of metal control in the mold is provided. Based
on the principle of invariance we found a static compensator, which
has simple structure and physical implementation. Computer
simulation confirmed that the developed automatic control system
reduces deviation of metal level in the mold by 3-4 times compared
to the existing automatic control system. Keywords: metal level,
mold, control system, compensator, mathematical model,
nonlinearity.
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2
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621.396
.. (- . , .), .. , .
E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]
. , . . . , , . mai- . mai- SDR. . : ,Software Defined Radio
(SDR),CDMA, UMTS, LTE, WiMAX,mai-, .
[3]: , ; . '
, , . , . , , . Software Defined Radio (SDR)[6,7], [1]. , .
-
. - .
, , . :
.., ..,2013
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) , :
- , . , .
- mai- . .
) mai- SDR. . .
' .
3G , , 2 . , , CDMA[8] UMTS[9]. CDMA (Code Division Multiple
Access) - ', , . UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)
GSM , . 3- .
4G ' , - LTE Advanced[10] Mobile WiMAX 802.16e[11]. LTE (Long
Term Evolution) - 3GPP CDMA, UMTS. WiMAX (World wide
Interoperability for Microwave Access) - , ' .
, . , (Downlink). 1.
1
UMTS,CDMA,LTE WiMAX
(3
4
)
. Downlink,
. ,
( )
Uplink, /
Downlink, /
UMTS (W-CDMA)
3G 1958-2025 5 27 73,5
CDMA 3G 824-848 1,25 1,8 3,1 LTE 4G 2500-2540 20 172,8 326,4
WiMAX 4G 2600-2640 20 20 20
, , ' , . , .
( ' ) :
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1) . 2) . . ,
, . , - mai- (. multipleactivaiunctio - ), . mai-.
: - WiFi-Style, WiFi / CDMA / WiMAX / GSM[5]; - WiFi- LTE
TDD
Huawei[5]; - , CDMA / GSM / UMTS /
HSPA[5]; . ,
. , , mai- ( mai-) , . ' . SDR, mai- 3 (. .1).
1 mai- 1-
-
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4 , . ' LTE WiMAX , , . , UMTS. - , CDMA.
SDR-[4,12], . , , , [13].
, I, Q . . [14].
, , I Q, ' - . , .
. , , . . I Q , . ' I Q . , .
. -, , . -, 4- , . - 40 . LTE WiMAX. UMTS CDMA200. -, , , , ,
.
2 . . , . . UMTS, CDMA LTE / WiMAX ( 1, 2,3). , .
(1,2,3). 1, 2, 2 , . . (RF) (LO). (IF).
, . (1) - (3):
(1) (2)
- ; - ; - ; t .
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2 - 4
(3) , (3) ,
:
(4) .
, . (. . 1) (. . 2, . 3).
2 UMTS,CDMA,LTE WiMAX
(1,2,3) .
, . (4,5,6,7,8,9), (1,2,3) (4,5,6). (5,7,9) (4,5,6). (1,2,3)
(4,6,8) . I 1, Q 2.
, . (4)
:
,
,
,
,
,
,
CDMA 824 637 187 187 274 -87
848 637 211 211 274 -63 UMTS 1985 1700 285 285 338 -53
2025 1700 325 325 338 -13 LTE 2500 2090 410 410 400 10
2540 2090 450 450 400 50 WiMAX 2600 2040 560 560 500 60
2640 2040 600 600 500 100
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,
I Q . Q , .
3 -
,
. (4)
:
,
I Q . Q , .
, , . 2 4.
4 -
, , . ,
-
ISSN 2075-4272 . : 2 (25)2013
86
. mai- (Cognitive Radio, CR) [3].
' . . , 200, . (AD 9467-200) : - 16 ; MPLS - 200 .
1.
. 2. mai-. 3. mai- SDR. 4.
. 5. .
1. Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS): SDR Reference
Architecture for Mobile Device //ETSI
TR 102 680 V1.1.1 (2009-03). 2. Tafazolli, R. (ed) (2006):
Technologies for the Wireless Future, volume 2, Wireless
WorldResearch
Forum, (WWRF), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England. 3.
Software-defined radio: basics and evolution to cognitive radio,
EURASIP Journal on Wireless
Communications and Networking, Karlsruhe, Friedrich K. Jondral,
Germany, August 2005, pp. 275-283
4. J. Mitola, The software radio architecture, IEEE
Communications Magazine, pp. 2638, May 1995.
5. , [ ] : http://habrahabr.ru/, , . . . . .
6. SDR forum [ ]. : http://www.wirelessinnovation.org/. 7.
Tuttlebee W. Software Defined Radio Enabling technologies / Walter
Tuttlebee. John
Wiley & Sons, 2002. 428 pp 8. Diakoumis Gerakoulis,
Evaggelos Geraniotis CDMA: Access and Switching: For
Terrestrial
and Satellite Networks (Hardcover) Diakoumis Gerakoulis,
Evaggelos Geraniotis 2001 9. . UMTS. , , . , .
, . , . , . . .: , 2008 468 . 10. Moray Rumney. LTE and the
Evolution to 4G Wireless: Design and Measurement Challenges.
- Agilent Technologies. 557 p. 11. . - WiMAX
[ ] / "Computerworld", - :
http://www.rmt.ru/articles.html?article=101
12. Kenington P. B. RF and Baseband Techniques for Software
Defined Radio / P. B. Kenington // Artech House, 2005. 352 pp.
13. . . .. / .. . .: ., 1976. 487 c.
14. . / .: - 2000 300 .
: : 23.04.2013. - . , . ..
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.. , .. . . . . . - . . , , . , : CDMA, UMTS, LTE, WiMAX. (3G),
(4G). mai-, . mai- . mai- SDR. . : , Software Defined Radio (SDR),
CDMA, UMTS, LTE, WiMAX, mai-, . A.G. Vorontsov, A.I. Ostapenko
Donetsk National Technical University Improving the Structure and
Algorithms of a Multi-Standard Receiver for Heterogeneous Networks.
The analysis of the development of modern telecommunications was
carried out. We found two most significant negative factors and a
method of overcoming them based on reconfigurable subsystems. We
considered only the receiving part of the subsystem. The purpose of
the work is to extend the field of reconfigurable subsystems
application and to improve the efficiency of using the resourcesof
a heterogeneous network by improving the structure and algorithms
of a multistandard receiver. Improvement is done by means of
combining the structures of the heterodyne receiver and
software-defined radio. We reviewed existing technologies,
estimated the prospects of their joint application and discussed
the standards for the subsystem: CDMA, UMTS, LTE, WiMAX. The first
two belong to third-generation networks (3G), and the second two
belong to the fourth generation (4G). In the process of mai-SMEs
synthesis the functions of the developed device are divided into
hardware and software parts. The primary and secondary spectrum
transfer, the suppression of difference components, formation of
signals I and Q, as well as their integration and analog-to-digital
conversion are performed by hardware. Dual spectrumtransfer reduces
sampling frequency and thus reduces the requirementsto the speed of
ADC. Software performs the function of digital filtering (including
image rejection as a result of secondary spectrumtransfer),
baseband signaldecomposition and demodulation. We considered the
structure and algorithms of mai-SDR-based SMEs for particular
conditions and discussed the requirement to the receiver. The
possibility of combining different technologies in a single device
is demonstrated and thus the feasibility of the proposed concept is
confirmed. The bottleneck in the project is ADC. But due to the
chosen structure and algorithm, the spectrum of all signals is
reduced to the width of 200 MHz, with which modern conversion
devices can work. Based on the obtained data a specific type of ADC
- AD 9467-200 was selected. Keywords: reconfigurable subsystems,
Software-defined Radio (SDR), CDMA, UMTS, LTE, WiMAX,
mai-multi-standard, multi-standard receiver.
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004.62
.. , .
E-mail: [email protected]
(). , , , , , . : , , .
(), (), [1,2]. . . , [3,4] , .
C . , , , , . Mpi . , .
. 1. . 2. . 3. , . 4. ( ). 5. .
. , .
, .
, , .
.
.., 2013
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Q ,
}|{ ttTyqQt jj (1)
, , . , , . , .
, .
Mpi QtQt 1 , DROP TABLE, ALTER
TABLE DROP COLUMN, ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN. Mpi iq . Mpi
)1( QtqqTTTTTQsq jjTjjirqriri , (2)
irT - , iq , irj TT , , jq .
Mpi :
)1( QtqqTTfTTTfTTQsq jjTjjjjiririiqriri , (3)
irT , if - , iq , irj TT , jf -
, jq .
1 Mpi .
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, ,
. . , .
QtQt 2 , CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN.
1Qinv , :
}2|{1 QtqTTTTqQinv jjiriiri
2Qinv , :
}2|{2 QtqffTTTfTfTqTqQinv jjijirjjiriiiri
21 QinvQinvQinv (4)
2 .
,
, . .
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wdtmTyTtxq q ,,,,, ,
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w - ( , ). SELECT, . Qs .
, dw - . ,
}|{1 dii w
