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..
-
2011
550.831 89
: - , , ..
, , ..
, .. 89 []: . / .. . :
, 2011. 193 . ISBN 978-5-87693-467-3 - ,
.. .
, , , , , , , , , .
.
, , ..
-
550.831
ISBN 978-5-87693-467-3 (), 2011
............................................................................................................... 5 1. ................................................................................ 7
1.1. ............................................................ 7 1.2.
................................................................................................................. 9 1.3. ..................................................................... 13 1.4. ................................................................................ 15 1.5. ........... 22
1.5.1. .............. 22 1.5.2. ................................................. 24 1.5.3. ............. 24 1.5.4.
.............................................. 25 1.5.5. .................................................. 26
2. ............................................................................. 28 2.1. ................................................................ 34 2.2. ...................................................................... 37 2.3. ....................................................................... 38 2.4. ............................................................................ 38 2.5. ...................................................................... 39 2.6. .......................................................................... 41 2.7. ........................................................................ 41 2.8. ......................................................... 42
3. ..................................................... 45 3.1.
................................................................................................ 46 3.1.1. ............................................. 48 3.1.2. ............................................. 52 3.1.3. .............................................. 52
3.2. ................... 53 3.3. ............................. 57 3.4. - .. 57
3.4.1. ................................................................. 58 3.4.2. ..................................................................... 58
3.5. ........................................................................................... 59
3.6. .................................................................................................. 61
3.7. .................................................. 62
3.8. ( ) ..................................................................................................... 62
3.9. .............. 63
3.10. .......... 63 4. ............................................................... 65
4.1. ...................................................... 65 4.2. ........................................................ 68 4.3. .................. 69 4.4. ...................................... 70
4.4.1. .................................................. 70 4.4.2. ................................................................................... 73
4.5. ............................................................................................... 76
....................................................................................... 78 1 ................................................................................. 78 2 ................................................................................. 89 3 ................................................................................. 94 4 ............................................................................... 101 5 ............................................................................... 107 6 ............................................................................... 111 7 ............................................................................... 121 8 ............................................................................... 127 ........................................................................... 134 1 .................................................................................................. 136 2 .................................................................................................. 137 3 .................................................................................................. 138 4 .................................................................................................. 139 5 .................................................................................................. 141 6 .................................................................................................. 142 7 .................................................................................................. 145 8 .................................................................................................. 152 9 .................................................................................................. 155 10 ................................................................................................ 157 11 ................................................................................................. 158 12 ................................................................................................ 190 13 ................................................................................................ 192
, , . , , .
, , , .
, .
, , . .
, . .
, , , , , , 6101 , , .
, . : , .
(, , .).
, , ,
, , , . .
- .
.. .. .
1.
1.1.
[12, 33, 35].
, : [4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 25, 27, 31, 38].
.
(15641642), 1590 . , , , 10 /.
(16421717), :
221
r
mmfF
= , , (1.1)
1m 2m , ; r , ; f ,
, /( ).
. f 1789 . . (17311810) . (17241793).
f (6,673 0,003) 10-11/( ). f (6,67259 0,00085) 10-11/( ).
, , , . , .
, . M R :
2R
fMF = . (1.2)
F . ,
(. 1.1), C nF . :
C 2=C , (1.3) N ; ;
G . (m = 1) . G . , , , . .
2dim = TMLG , L (),
(), (). 1 = 1 /. , ,
, g, . :
2dim = TLg , L (); (). /c. .
g = 9,81 /c. 1
. : 1 = 110-2 /c ; 1 = 110-5 /c ; 1 = 110-8 /c . g
: ZYX g,g,g , g , . . Xg, ; Yg, ; Zg, .
. 1.1. ,
1773 . . (17361813) W(x,y,z), g :
zyx gZ
Wg
Y
Wg
X
W ==
=
;; .
. (17771855), , :
W = f ( )222
2YX
w
r
dm ++ (1.4)
V, Q:
W = V + Q.
:
,,cos
=
SgSgW s 2/2. (1.5)
, : 0,90cos == dWdSgdW s , . . W = const. 1873 . , , (18081882) .
, ,
dSgdWdSgdW ss == ,0cos ,
sg
dWdhdS == .
dS . sg : sg ,
. =sg ,
dndS = , nW
= , . . ( )
.
1.2.
1743 . (17131765). :
( )Bgg e 2sin1 += , (1.6)
eg ; ;
= 90 pg ;
, ;
e
eP qg
gg
25 =
= ,
:
2
5 = q ; (1.7)
(1.8)
; ;
M ; , ;
e . (1.6) .
, , 1929 . . . [14]:
BbBa
BgbBgag Pe
2222
22
sincos
sincos
+
+= . (1.9)
(1.9) (1.8), :
( )BBgg e 2sinsin1 212 += , (1.10)
1417
25
= qq ,
qq =+ 1417
25
, (1.11)
( )
( ) ( ) ( ),cos
;,,
;2
,2
;31
;
2
222222
2
2
232
Ba
dmyxfCdmzxfBdmzyfA
MBA
CKa
Kn
qna
Mfg
g
ga
Mfa
q
e
e
e
e
e
=+=+=+=
+==
+
=
==
=
21 8
1
85
= q . (1.12)
(1.10) (1.11) . 1 .
eg , 1 1909 . (18431917). 1901 1909 . 1 603 0 :
( )BB 2sin0000071,0sin005302,01030978 220 += . (1.13) 2,5 0 == eP , 0,53 %
0 = 981 . a = 6,387 106 , = 7,292 10-5/c = 15,04 /c,
8,14,32,5 0 == eC 0,18 % 0 . (1.13)
, , , :
4,2961
25
=
=
eP
e
e
g
gg
g
C.
1930 . : K0 ( )BB 2sin0000059,0sin0052884,01049978 22 += , (1.14)
. . K0
0 :
( )BK 2sin2,130,19 200 = . (1.15) , (1.13) (1.14) 0
, +13,87 . , 14 .
1971 . XV :
( )BB 2sin1059sin10024,531031,85978 27240 += , (1.16) 1967 .
( ), :
23 603398 = Mf ; = 6 378 160 ;
2J = 10 82710-7 ;
= 5,9761024 ; = 7, 292115146710-5 /c ; 2J , :
.249,298/123
22
2 =+=MfaW
J (1.17)
)1930(0 )1971(0 :
B2)1930(0)1971(0 sin6,132,17 += . (1.18) 0 , 1971 .,
, . , 5,11018 .
1980 . 0 : ( )BB 2sin1059sin10024,53168,978032 27240 += . (1.19)
:
; ; ; ; . ,
. 1.2.
. 1.2.
,
(2 900 ) 0 .
1.3.
.
() g
= gg .
HH
+=
0 ,
0 , ;
3086,0
=H
/
;
15
10
5
0
, /
, ().
. 2 500
980 . 1 000 ,
0
(1.20)
:
(1.21)
,
/
, .
.
3 000 6 000
1 500
1 000
500
g,
3
H,
g
g
, ,
500 -
:
, , .
1. ( ..BCg ): Hgg BC += 3086,0 0.. , (1.22)
0,3086 . 2. ( g ):
))(0419,03086,0( 0 gHHgg += , (1.23) 0,0419 ()
= 2,67 /3, ( ).
g .
, : , , . , .. , .. , .. , , .. , .. .. [11, 18, 19, 30].
: [12, 25, 35], . . , , .
CBg . 0 .
, . CBg . CBg [12], , .
:
2HfdWdS
== . (1.24)
= 1 = 2,5 /3:
6980
105,21067,614,3 108 =
dS (5,7 ).
g .
0 . , .
2
2 aHfdWdS
== . (1.25)
= 1 R = 100 = 2,5 /3
10980
10105,21067,614,32 758 =
dS .
( , ). g . , , .
.
42,4 . +660 (. ), 380 - ( ).
1.4.
(. 1.3) , Ng . W = C, . (), [12, 28, 35]. W = C . nn . nNM , (
g ) . - () . 11nn -
N n1 n
g n1 n
M
vg
v v
W=C
. 1.3.
. 1NMn - ( ):
vvg = , v ( )
, ( B L ) -. , .
g () ( ). (. 1.4). . 1.4:
; g M; n ;
1n -; ;
Z ;
Z ;
1Z ;
PZ ;
PZ ;
2ZZ A ;
BPZ = 90 90; = 90PZ 90;
nBPZ = 901 90; B, , Bn : ,
; L= ;
ZZ1 , A ZZ ( g ) - ( ) , ;
21ZZ g B ;
2ZZ ,
2ZZ A g g .
. 1.4 , - g :
Bg += , BBB n = ;
( )BPZ 902 += .
PZZ A2 :
( ) ( ) ( )[ ] ( )( ) ( ) ( )
==+=+==
.sincossin90sinsin
;ctgtg90tg90ctgcoscos
LL
BBL
. , :
;
;
B
B ==
( ) .cos;sec
BL
L
==
(1.26)
3 . -. . -. g
ONg, NOg = g (. 1.5):
Sg
gtg = . (1.27)
Z
Z1 Z2
Z
v
v
vg
n1 n
g
. 1.4.
. 1.5.
g ( ), tg
, :
sg
g= , (1.28)
sg : S . , W :
S
Wgs
= . (1.29)
U :
TUW += . (1.30) (1.29) (1.30) (1.28) :
+
=
ST
SU
g 1
. (1.31)
, :
0=
S
U;
(1.32)
S
Tg
=
1 ;
=T , ST / .
(1.32), :
SSg
=
=
1
. (1.33)
.
:
=
0
2
0
4
gR
( ) sin dAdS , (1.34)
( )S ;
( )S = 1 + cosec
+2
2sin2
sinlncos3cos5
2
sin6
2
ec , (1.35)
( 00 , ) N ( , ) (. 1.6);
. 1.6.
N;
g . ( )
( ) (1.33) 0 0 .
=S R 0 , =S R 00 cos ,
0 0 , ;
R . :
.
cos
1;
1
000
=
=
RR (1.36)
(1.35) (1.36), :
( )
( )
=
=
0
2
0 0
0
0
2
0 0
sin
cos4
1
sin
4
1
dAdS
g
dAdS
g
. (1.37)
(. 1.6)sin,, d , (1.37) 0 0
, [12]:
g=
41
0
2
0
( )
dAdA
ASg
sinsin
cos
. (1.38)
, (1.38) :
( ) ( )sin
2
Q
S=
-. (1.39)
- , 0 = . Q :
( )
+++
=2
sin13
2
2sin322
sin12
2
cos
2
2cos2
ecQ
.2
2sin2
sinln
2
2sin12
+ (1.40)
( )Q .. [15]. ( )Q . 1.1, . 1.7.
1.1. -
0 1 10 20 30 72 80 180
( )Q +12,370 +1,591 +1,02 +0,79 0 0,15 0
. 1.7. -
. 1.1 . 1.7 , - 0 20, 20 180 .
: 0 10 .
0 10, Q , . , Q1 -:
++
= 3
1242
2
2
1Q . (1.41)
r :
3602
== RRr .
:
R
r
2
360 = . (1.42)
(1.42) (1.41), :
++
= 32
36012491
3604
2
1 r
RrR
Q .
, 626520 = , 000981 = , 3716=R , , , :
CrBr
AQ ++=1 , (1.43)
= 1 339,6; = 61066 , = 0,315. (1.43) r
. 0 r0 , Q1 :
rQ
13401 = .
, :
( )
+=
=
,2
1,
;sin
cos
2
1
sin
cos
2
1340
10
1
0
0
0
2
00
2
0
2
01
0
2
0
rr
r
r
r
dAdrrFgdAdrg
dAdrA
AgQ
RdAdr
A
A
r
g
R
(1.44)
.2B
r ln A F(r) 2 rcr ++= ,
g = g . . 23.
(1.44) ("). 0 20 ( 0 2 000 ).
1.5.
10-410-5 (1 100 ), . .
10-510-6 , , ( 1.8).
, . , .
, . , : W = C. .
, , 10-6 . Z ( ). (, , ) .
1.5.1.
, ( ) , ( ).
.1.8.
. 1.8.
(. 1.9), S , n . S Z. , g , gZ ; v ; MQ
Q. () QZg .
gZ , ZQ. 1
QZg .
gZ ZQ. v
v A = ZQ KZv gA =+90 .
. 1.9.
nQZ g :
( ) aZA ctgtgv90cos 901 = + , (1.45) aZ Q.
v, , :
aZv A ctg 901 = + . (1.46)
AAv sincos += , (1.47) :
AAv A sincos 90 =+ . (1.48)
Z
Q
K
S
M n
gZ
1 v
v
v+90
Za
Zg
(1.48) (1.46) 1 :
( )AA += cossin ctg aZ . (1.49) ,v
, , , Z - [4].
, 3040. ctgZ 0,580,84, : 4020 ,, .
1.5.2.
QKZg (. 1.9)
: ( ) QKvZ Aa coscoscos 90 = + .
v , ( ) 1cos 90 =+Av , QK Q: ( QZZ = ) Av : AvZQK = . :
Aa vZZ += . (1.50)
, , , Z v , . . Zm 1 .
1.5.3.
. 1.10 .
.1.10.
gg
B
Z Z
S
D
C b
h v
. 1.10: S ; hBC = ; g ; v , ().
= b. , , ( . 1.10 AZ BZ). - b , :
vhb tg = . (1.51) v
, : vhb = .
, , v . :
= ihvb , (1.52) ih i- .
1.5.4.
. 1.11.
. 1.11.
. 1.11: S M N; g
( ); MZ
L
N
M W=C
K
S
Z
n
b
h
H
g
v
v -v
M N (); LMN ,
. 1.11 , ( )vSH == sin
vSH cossin =
v ( :
cossin = vSH
H . bS = cos
bvhH = . ,
1.5.5.
MN = S. , 1.12).
. 1.12.
, W = C; H W =
, h ;b
MN; v Z
( )vtgb = tg( v ),
vS sincos . (1.53) ) vvv == sin,1cos .
cos Sv .
hS sin = , (1.54)
0, 5 .
M N, MN . H
. 1.12.
= C,
M N, S
; N.
(1.53) .
5 , 2 .
, H
MN (.
M N M0 N0, Mg Ng M2 N2 ().
22 NM A , . Mn Nn ,
S ( 00 NM ). 22 NM M1 N1 .
10MM 10 NN 1v 2v + 90:
( )( ) ,
;
19010
19010
HvNN
HvMM
NA
MA
=
=
+
+ (1.55)
+=+=
AAv
AAv
cossin
cossin
222
111 ;
tg( )
0
12
11
1010S
Hvv
NM
MMNNAtg
=
= . (1.56)
v , , :
( )0
cossinS
HAAA = . (1.57)
, M N , , M2 N2 .
2.
. , , , .
. ,
, .
. , .
. -3 1953 . , .. . -, -7, -7 . -7. 0,030,06 .
1301783 . 557886 [9], . 2.1.
2.1.
, -
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
-, -4,
1953 1958
0,05 0,030,05
0,050,4 0,050,2
100150 80120
3 000 3 000
200 200
488 465
188 175
8,5 7,5
- .
-,
1960 0,030,05
0,050,2
100150
5 000
250
480 180
7,5
- ,
-1, 1961 0,01
0,020,08 70100 3 000
800 390
133 4,2
. 1967 1973 . 1301767 -2; 1973 . 1301773 -2, -7 . 1973 . 1301773 -1
-7, -7, -7,
1963 1963 1963
0,02 0,030,05 0,010,05
0,030,06 0,040,05 0,030,06
80120 80120 80100 1 000
5 000 3 000
200 200 200
425470 425 425
210 210 210
5,0 5,0 5,0
-2, ,
1966 1971
0,005 0,01
0,10,15 0,06
5 000 80
5 000
15 600
450 550
350 250 250
25 5,0
--1, , ,
1972 1948
0,01 0,01 0,01
0,03 0,020,08 0,020,08
80
80100
5 000
400 600
425470 290 400
210 120 140
5,0 2,3 4,5
, . , .
- [11, 27, 28, 36].
. 4 0,03 , 0,006 . 4,5 .
. 2.1 . , , .
. 2.1. : ) ; ) ; )
,
(. 2.2) 1,
132 .
) ) )
. 2.2.
2,
3, 5. 4, . , , , .
, , 120, . , .
, . d , , 120 . , (. 2.3).
1 2
3 4 5
. 2.3.
16
27, .
43, 33 . . 10. : 20,
14
6
14
5
4
3
2 1
. 2.3.
. 2.4. ,
26.
.
. ,
31. 2 .
. ,
,
5 11 45
(. 2.4) ,
.
7
10
9
8
14
11
12
13
28,
29. .
(. 2.8), .
3
:
5 ,
44.
. 2.4.
(. . 2.3)
, , . 13 .
42 16
45
(. . 2.3). : 2, 3, 9, 12, 8, 7 10 11, 6 0,5 , 5.
: , , , , , , .
2.1.
, ( ), . 2.5. : , , ( 1, 2 3), 1015,17.
16, 29 30.
- 16 9, 8 25. 4 : 66 99.
, 9 1. 25, 5, 4, 26 (- ) 20. 5 24. 7. . 0,03 .
. 2.5. -
10 (
), ( ) 11 16. 10 12, 16. 10 17, 14, 13.
1 4 , 14.
: 5 , , 9, . , , . , 1 100 (, ). , ,
. . . , , . . , , . .
, , . ( ), . ( ) . ( ), . , , , , . 20 , ( 1015 ). 19, 23 18. , , . . , , . , , , . , () . , , . 9, 8. - 2 22, . , .
2.2.
(. . 2.3) 14 7 10, . , , 120. , , . , .
, , . . .
30. 11. , . , .
( . 3.3, ) 32 . 100 . , , 0,1 , 0,1,29. 1 , 0,01 .
0,75 . , , 20, . . 20. 0,01 , 0,2 12.
4 , 5 , 3 6 . 35:
= C tg 30 = 20 1,73 = 35. 0,01 ,
0,35 2 = 30.
, 3 , 1 . .
2.3.
, , .
-5 10 -, 4,5 . - , .
2,5 3,5 0,150,25 . ( ). . 8 (. . 2.4).
50100 .
2.4.
(. 2.6) 2, 1, 3, 180, 4 30 5 20 , 6 7.
2.6.
,
. 0,1 , , 20 , 2 . : 0, 10, 20, 30.
2.5.
.
11 (. 2.3), 38, 7. 14. 42.
2 (. 2.5) 20, 38.
. , (. 2.7).
. 2.7.
3- . 1 ,
. 5. , , 7 8, . 15 .
() 3, 4, 100 . . 0 90. . . , 2. . 10 . . 19 . -, . . , 90 91 , 90 . . 2.7: 7,909 .
( ) 0,5 . , , 10 (1 = 1 106 ).
, , 0,5 , 68 . 7,5 (15 ), 90120 .
2.6.
, 100 200 . 3 (. . 2.5), 26, 21. 5080 . , 0,5 ( ) 200300 . 57 . , 2 0003 000 . , . , () , , . . , .
30 (. . 2.4), , , , . . 12 .
2.7.
, , , . (. 2.8).
. 2.8.
. : 5, 3, , 6. , 10 , 1, 4 . 3. 13 . .
2.8.
, .
, .
(
: 4 3. 5 2
, 8. 3
7, . 9 3
4 5. 3
. 4 3.
. . (133,3399,9 ).
.
,
. .
(. 2.9) -2 , ,
.
)
,
4 1
8. 3 ,
. 3
3 5
,
.
, -,
,
, 2.10).
. 2.9.
1 , 4
, ,
5103 5101 . .,
-
0,8 .
. 2.9.
; 2 ; 3 , 5 ; 6
7
. 2.10.
,
.
. . ,
.
.
(.
; 3 ;
. 0,950,97.
.
,
, .
, , (. . 2.2). . . 0,5 .
3.
, , , . , .
, : , , , , , , .
: , -, , , .
, .
, - , , . 3.1 1301783 [9].
3.1. .
-
(I) (II) (III) , d 80
, D 6 000
, t 3 - , 0,5 2,0 2,0
q, ./, 7,0 5,0 2,5
bK , 10-5 /, 1,1 1,3 1,6
, (10-3 / . .),
1,5 1,7 2,1
C , /1, C 0,5
3.1.
() . 3.1 .
. 3.1. :
1 ; 2 ; 3, 4 ,
,
. , .
( , ).
( ) 221
iii gSCg == ; iSSiS = 0 , (3.1)
ig , , ;
0S , iS , = 0 0, , .;
g = 0,981106, ;
C , /; ,
.
(. 3.2, ), , .
2
3
4 1
. 3.2.
. 3.2, : 1 ; 2 ; 3
. . 3.2, . (3.1) :
( ) ( ) ( )2
2
00+
=+==g
SSCSSCg iii ;
000 SSS = , (3.2) 0S ,
= . (3.2) :
22 21
21
++= gggg i .
0SC 221 g ,
:
02
0 21
ggSC == . (3.3)
(3.3) (3.2), :
21
20 += gggg . (3.4)
(3.4) , , (. . 3.2, ).
: ( )
2
2
20
=g
gSC, . (3.5)
, (3.1) g = 0,01; g = 980 ; = , :
0
g
1
2
3
+
-
S0
S S0
0S S
S
- + 0 -
) )
98,0
02 ==
g
g
104,1 4 ==
,
3.1.1.
2 (. 3.3, ), 4 , ( 4
1.
. 2.
, .
)
. 3.3.
46
104,11098
02,0 =
.
03526206 = . , 30
= 30 0,010
.
, ), 11 3 1
(). 6.
9 . 6
11 : ,
)
: ) ;)
30, .
0,025 .
,
11, 7
10 5.
-
-
. 3.3, : 1,6 ; 2 ; 3
; 4 ; 5 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 11 : , .
. 3.3, :1 , 2 , 3 , 4 .
, - .
,
00 =Tn . 00
Tn .
.
1. (. 2) .
10 . 0,1 , 2 ( ).
(n = 6), n = 2 .
. 2 1 3 ( 4 . 3.3, ).
(+), ().
, () (. 2, . .2.1, 2):
9876543210;6,0;4,0;2,0;0;2,0;4,0;6,0;0 +++Tn .
2.
1S , 7. 1t 5 ..2.1, . 2.
3. 6,0+=Tn 2S 2t .
, 2 , ( 2 . .2.1, . 2).
4. 00 =Tn
.
5. ,0 =n -
)
0
0;
3,0
3,0;0
321
+
+Tn
.
6.
S
S t
. 3.4.
7.
= min2i , i 8.
iS :
(i
i SSS +=
9.
1 2
S,
S1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
1, . .
( :
,0
,0;
2,0
2,0;
1,0
1,0;0;
1,0
1,0;
2,0
2,0876543
+
+
+
+
,
, (3.5).
- .
iS it , t (. 3.4).
- S
R
( )iS0 R. ( ) iS
) i . iS
-:
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t,
R
S3
S2 6
9 1
2
3
0;3,
3,.
, ( ),
,
S :
00 =Tn ,
.
( iS ),
3
( ) ( )2
i
i
iSS
S+
= ,
.
(S), . , (. 3.5).
. 3.5. S - 44
n: 1) ; 2)
10. n , :
0 += nn . 11. .
00 =n -, n .
12. -. , .
13. . n
nS + nS . 14.
.,020,0 SSS nn = + .
S,
+n, -n,
S0
S0
+
1 2
0 -2 -4 -6 2 4 6
4,2
4,0
3,8
3,6
3,4
3.1.2.
1. () .
2. , . , (), , .
, .
, . , , .
3. (). , ( ) . , . , . , ( ) () .
4. . .
3.1.3.
. .
1. +1n
( +1S ).
2. ( 2n )
( 2S ), + = 21 nn .
3. ( +1S ) (2S ) 20 ,
.
4. : ( ) ( )
221+ += SSS .
5. S . 6. ,
, (0) . 7. -.
8. . ( +1S 2S )
20 .
3.2.
( .S )
C, / .
. . 3 .
1. :
S
gC
= , /., (3.6)
12 ggg = ; 12 SSS = ; 21 , gg 21, SS
, .
-, ( g ) 13017-83 [9] 80 . g
H : 3086,0
HH
Hg == ,
(5,2 /10 ), .
( gm )
0,01 . g
m g
=
(1,7; 2,6 5,0)10-4 A, B C, .
. ( g ).
:
=
=
=n
ii
n
iii
g
gC
C
10,
10,
, (3.7)
i , 0,ig (0) i- .
C :
( )
( )1
2
1
2
=
=
nnC
CCn
ii
C , (3.8)
n . 2. 1S ,
, (, 200 ) 2S ,
( )12200
SSC
= .
, GS 11.
3.
, (3.1):
221
gg = .
0S ( 0 = ) (. 3.6), iS 0 , :
0SCg = 0 = ; (3.9)
ii SCg = cos 0 . (3.10)
. 3.6. C
(3.10) (3.9), :
( ) ( )ii SSCg = 0cos1 . (3.11)
( )2
sin2cos1 2
ii = , (3.12)
(3.12) (3.11) :
( )ii
SSCg = 022
sin2 . (3.13)
i , (3.13) , :
( ) iii
SCSSCg 2
0
2
== . (3.14)
, , ii SSS = 0 , :
i
ii
S
gC
2
2= . (3.15)
. :
Ti n= ,
/ da= ; 75,0=a () ;
125=d -. (3.15) :
( ) 222
Tii n
g = .
Kd
ag =
2
2
2
1, :
g
( )i
Ti
iS
nKC
2
= . (3.16)
, . . , , . , .
() (-3), ( ) -02 5,0 =m .
, :
( )iiSi SfSCg += , (3.17) Sig , ; , /.
iS , .; ( )iSf ,
. -
: 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . :
=
2
1
i
i
S
gC , /., (3.18)
SSii ggg 1 = ;
0009812
cos i
=
+iS
ig ;
1SSS ii = , ( ) ( ) iii laCSf = ;
ii SSa = ;
n
SS i
= ;
iii aCll = ; Si
S ggl = ; [ ][ ]aa
alC = ;
; n .
[23].
3.3.
. , (). . 12 , ( ). , , , . :
n
gC d
2= , /, (3.19)
g ; , ; n .
3.4. -
- g g , T, :
( )iT t
T
SCK
T
gg
== , (3.20)
TK -; Ki
Hi SSS =
HK TTT = () () ;
1TTt i = ;
C . TK :
.
3.4.1.
, :
111 v= TKS T ; 222 v= TKS T ;
(3.21)
------------------------
iiTi TKS v= : iv , ,
, .
[vv] = min:
( ) ( ) = = 2iTiT TKSKf + 222 2 iTiiTi TKTSKS . (3.22)
( )TKf TK , ( )( )
0=T
T
Kd
Kdf,
( ) =+= 022 2iTiiT TKTSKf . (3.23)
( )
( ) =
2i
iiT
T
TSK . (3.24)
1301783 - B C 2 [9].
3.4.2.
, - g .
. 1. . 2.
- , (. 3.7).
4'
3'
1
1' 1
1' 2 2
3 3
4 4
4'
3'
g.. 4 g.. 1
R
A
g2, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t,
. 3.7. -
3. t ,
- . 4. (A). 5. R [vv] = min, v
R. 6. - ( ) ig R
, .
3.5.
.
, . , . . .
, , -.
, : 0 0S , 10 0 10S , 10 0 10+S ,
0S . .
.
1. (.): 0101001010010100 ,,,,,,,,, SSSSSSSSSS +++ . 2. (h, m): 10987654321 ,,,,,,,,, tttttttttt . g ,
: ( ) ii tKg = , (3.25)
( )
( )
=
=
=n
ii
n
iii
T
TS
K
1
2
1 ;
( ) ( ) 100 += iii SSS ; ( ) ( )iii ttT 010 = + ; 1ttt ii = .
- , :
( ) ii
i gSS .. += . (3.26)
(+10) (10):
3
.. =
i SS . (3.27)
, , :
( ) /5,2
.10
.10
=+ SSC
nq ,
() , 2201,0 == , (0,1
; 20 ); n . .
15 % g 500 . ( )
() . :
2 312
SSSi
+= , (3.29)
321 ,, SSS ;
i . :
nC
n
ii
== 12
. (3.30)
3.6.
. (), . , . .
20 0,2 10 . , 20 1 . g :
ii SCg = , (), (3.31) 0SSS ii = (.). g t (. 3.8).
. 3.8.
1301783 [9]. g .
1, mt .
1 g , cmt . cmt 3 min.
cmt , .
3.7.
. , .
1. 0,000 .
2. ( ). 3. ( ,
) , 12 .
4. ( minS ).
5. 15 .
6. ( ). 7. ,
, 12 .
8. ( maxS ):
( ) 100minmax = CSSg . (3.32)
.
3.8. ( )
, . . . .
C
c
T
v
3.9.
( C ) (). 3- T = 10. , T = 10, 20, 30 . , - C . C, , T, (. 3.9).
Ci, /
C0 1C
2C
3C
0 10 20 30 T,C
. 3.9.
R iC -
[vv] = min. R C
0C T = 0 C. C , TC
C = tan
, /( ).
iT :
iCt TCC 0 += , (3.33) ( ) CTTT ii = 0 . 1301783 C 0,5 /1 C [9].
3.10.
(. 3.10). .
C R
. 3.10.
1. (2) 6 1
. 2.
1S 1P . .
3. 4, 3.
4. 7, 300400 . .
5. 8, P2 .
6. , , S2.
7. : ( )
..
21
21
PP
SSCK B
= . (3.34)
1301783 BK 1,6 / . . [9].
4.
, , , , .
.
4.1.
, : , , , , , ( ), , , . , .
(. 4.1).
, (g), (t), (0) (i). .
1. , :
2
2
00gt
tHH ++= . (4.1)
2. , () :
gl
T 2= , (4.2)
l . 3. ,
, , :
2
gmlf
= , (4.3)
f , ; l , ; m , ;
, /. ,
, . :
0=+ FMg , (4.4) Mg ; F . F ,
, . , .
(g) .
g [ -2], . mg = 110-8 /2 . 110-9.
(g) g:
ggg .. += . ,
.
. 4.1.
22
21
12T
Tgg =
-
,
ggg = 0
2
00
002
+=f
fg
f
fgg
ggg = 0
22
t
lg =
2
24
T
lg =
ag :
980 000, 00
gt
tlll2
2
00 ++=
gl
T 2=
21 mg
lf =
M g + F = 0
4.2.
, .
, .
1. 1 : 1 000 000 1 : 500 000. , , . , , .
2. , - . 1 : 200 000 1 : 50 000 , .
3. 1 : 25 000 , .
- : , , , (, , ), .
. 1. , ()
() 5. = , . .
2. , > 5. . ( ) .
3. , .
4. , .
, . , ( ), .
4.3.
.
. 1. . 2. ()
() . :
, . . , .
3. . - , , (. . 13).
. (1.23) . :
( ) 2222
0 23086,0
HBg mfmB
m +
= , (4.5)
B
0 , /;
f , 6.6710-11 3/2 ; , /3 ;
2Bm
2Hm
, ; = 2,67 /, R = 6,371 g = 5 200 :
( ) ( ) .2,000052,0 2222 HBBg mmm += (4.6) , , g 0,1
, 40 , 0,3 [16].
. , : , , , .
4.4.
, , , : () , , . 3, , . - (. . 3.4). , .
4.4.1.
, - , , .
1,52,0 , . , .
, , . [16].
.
, .
1. (. 4.1) , [16].
. 4.1.
:
N
= , (4.7)
;
nN
NN-n
== ;
2
, (4.8)
N ; n ;
i ig ; gg ii = ; (4.9)
k
gg i
= ; (4.10)
k g , . 2. (. 4.2) ()
(). . ().
. 4.2.
, , 1-2-3-4-1, g
1-2, 1-4, 1-3. 1-2-3-4-2-1 g 2-1, 2-3 2-4 , , 1-4-3-4-1, 4-1 4-3.
:
22
nn
n
++= , (4.11)
n , n , , , (4.1).
3. , --.
( g ) :
mM
= ,
m
SN =
2 ,
S ,
4
4. . (. 4.3)
. 4.3.
,
( ) ( )iIIiIi ggg = . ig
. id
(4.12)
;
g
(4.13)
g
--.
4 ,
. 4.3)
[8,11].
,
. ,
. ig (I, II, III) :
(4.14)
,
:
;
.
, [17,28].
-
-
-. .
. .
(I, II, III) i-
,
n
dn
ii
d 2 1
2== , (4.15)
n (). , -
- . - , . , - , , .
, , 2-3 , g .
4.4.2.
. , -, .
. . , , . , , .
. .
-, , .
. 1. 12
. .
2. .
3. : .
4. , , , , , , .
5. . .
6. .
7. . . . 5 . 8 /, 0,004 . .
8. 1 0,5 . , , , , (, . .).
. 1. ,
, (. 4.4).
. 4.4.
-
:
( ) ( )12
02010201
tt
ggggK
SS
= , (4.16)
Sg01 Sg02
-1 -2;
01g 02g -1 -2,
;
1t 2t -1 -2.
2. , (. 4.5).
. 4.5.
-
:
( ) ( )HK
KS
HS
tt
ggK
= 11 , (4.17)
( )H
Sg1 ( )KSg1 -1 , .
3. , (. 4.6). , .
. 4.6.
, ,
20 %. - :
( )
=
=
=m
ii
m
ii
Si
T
Tg
K
1
2
1 , (4.18)
3 1
4
1 2
Sig iT () () ;
( ) ( )
Si
Si
Si ggg = ;
( ) ( )iii
ttT = . (4.19)
4.5.
: () ().
.
1. . 2.
Si, . 3. ,
i .
4. ig .
5. - .
6. .
7. .
:
222 ug ++= , (4.20)
u ,
,
, .
510 % . 50.
,
0 ,
.
ng , g > 3.
ng = 2 023 , g . 2 % .
:
1. , ;
2. ;
3. ; 4.
; 5. .
1
- : -
. :
[28, . 4], [14, . 7,8], [33] [9], . 3.1 .
1. . . . .
2. .
3. . , . 2.
4. .
5. .
6. . 7. - . 8. .
1.
, . 2 , [7, 11, 14, 27, 28, 39].
: ; ; . 2.
, , . 1, . 3.1.1 .
.
:
1. , ;
2. () , . 2: nt n , , 2 3 ;
3. nt= 0 1S 1t 7 5 . 2, . .2.1;
4. ;
5. 2S 2t . .2.1., . 2;
6. 3S 3t ;
7. , n, ;
8. - (nt= 0) 9S 9t .
iS : nT= 0 0S , .
, .
, ( ).
, . 1. . 2. (.
. 2). 3. (nT= 0)
1S 1t 7 5 . 4. ,
. 5. ( 2S ) ( 2t )
. 6. ,
.
7. 3S ( 3t ). 8. , . 6 7
( ) . 9. 8S 8t 8 6
9S 9t , , , . .
10. , .
11. 10S 10t , 8 6 . . 2.1 (. 2).
12. , . 10 11 ( ) .
13. 15S 15t : n, nT= 0.
14. ( 16S ) ( 16t ). .
( )ii nfS = . , :
2
iii
SSS
+= . (5.1)
, .
.
n, . -. -.
, n .
( ) ( ) 20+ nSnS , .
( ) , . , . .
3. , . 2:
) nS n: n , nS ;
) , , = 00;
) n () n () n nnn = , Si :
,)(
0
2
ii
SS
nk
= (5.2)
S0 = 0; Si i ;
n ; k , ;
( ) 2dag5,0k = , (5.3) ; d ; g ; ) C
Ci, i :
n
CC i
= ,
n Ci. 4. g
: ) (0 )
(15 ) , . , . , S1 , S2 ;
) :
( ) ,21 SSd = (5.4)
S1 S2 .
80 [8]. 5. : ) ; ) ()
, +N N S+N S-N, N ;
) S +N S -N :
3
3
1,
=
+ =i
i
NN
s
S ; (5.5)
) ( , ) :
( )NN SSL
q+
=
, (5.6)
, ;2201,0 ==
L N+ N . :
nC
n
ii
==1
2
,
2
312SS
Si+
= ;
S1, S2,S3 ; n (n = 3).
1301783 [9]. 6. : ) ,
, ;
) 10 220 05,02,0 , ;
) 20 : , , , ;
) ig : ( ); 0SSg ii = (5.7)
Si ; ; ) ( )ii tfg = . c
, . c: , t = 20 ; , , :
)( 00 ddk += , (5.8) d
, ;
00 ,, d , . 1301783 [9, . 2].
( )ii tfg = , , t . 1301783 [9].
7. -: )
10 ;
) . c iT , . ;
) , - ;
) - : ( )
t
SSk n
1= , (5.9)
; Sn S1 ; t Sn S1;
1TTt n = . (5.10) -
, 1301783 [8].
.
- 474 1. . .
. , , . .
2. : .
. 5.1 . 5.1 - 474.
5.1.
n ,. n ,. s ,. n ,. n ,. s ,.
+0,6 0,3 7,828 -0,1 1,0 7,349 +0,5 0,4 7,702 -0,2 0,1 7,400 +0,4 0,5 7,608 -0,3 0,2 7,475 +0,3 0,6 7,502 -0,4 0,3 7,552 +0,2 0,7 7,408 -0,5 0,4 7,651 +0,1 0,8 7,367 -0,6 0,5 7,766 0,0 0,9 7,349
. 5.1. -
474
: - 474 . .
3. - 474. . 5.2 . 5.2.
5.2. - 474
n , n ,. /
s . ns ,
. nss 0
,.
, /.
+0,6 0,7/0,1 8,467 8,577 8,522 -0,746 -8,526 +0,4 0,6/0,2 8,121 8,115 8,118 -0,342 -8,265 +0,2 0,5/0,3 7,859 7,851 7,855 -0,079 -8,945 0,0 0,4/0,4 7,786 7,765 7,776 0 0 -0,2 0,3/0,5 7,880 7,849 7,864 -0,088 -8,030 -0,4 0,2/0,6 8,119 8,102 8,110 -0,334 -8,463 -0,6 0,1/0,7 8,534 8,534 8,534 -0,758 -8,391
437,8 = /.
. 5.2. -
474
- 474, , 8,437 /.
(5.2) (5.3). S0 = 7,776 , = 0,75 , d = 125 , g = 981 460 .
: - 474 . .
4. g :
S1 = 12,898 ., S2 = 0,065 ., = 8,437 /; ( ) 272,108 21 SSg == .
- 474 1301783 [9].
5. . (5.6), L = 20 , = 2 .
.NS +
.NS
8,736 6,908 8,735 6,910
8,737 6,909
S 8,736 6,909
q 595,2827,1437,8
40 =
= /.
- 474
1301783 [9]. 6. - 474. C =
8,437 /. ( . 5.3 . 5.3).
5.3.
smt , 10m00s 10m30s 11m00s 12m00s 13m00s 14m00s
s.
7,724 7,742 7,750 7,770 7,775 7,777
s 65,167 65,319 65,387 65,555 65,598 65,615
smt , 15m00s 17m00s 19m00s 21m00s 25m00s 30m00s
s.
7,777 7,777 7,777 7,777 7,777 7,777
s 65,615 65,615 65,615 65,615 65,615 65,615
. 5.3. - 474
(5.8), . 2 [9] :
( )[ ] 031,0100272,108101503,0 5 += . 2 , 13017
83 [9]. 7. - - 474: C = 8,437 /. ( . 5.4 . 5.4).
5.4.
h m
,. S ,
. gr,
1S 2S 3S
8 9 15 7,764 7,765 7,762 7,764 65,505 1998 . 10 15 7,758 7,760 7,756 7,758 65,454
11 15 7,743 7,748 7,745 7,745 65,345 12 15 7,737 7,732 7,730 7,733 65,243 13 15 7,721 7,724 7,720 7,722 65,151 14 15 7,715 7,712 7,710 7,712 65,066
15 15 7,709 7,705 7,702 7,705 65,007 16 15 7,693 7,695 7,691 7,693 64,906
17 15 7,680 7,676 7,682 7,679 64,788 18 15 7,668 7,665 7,668 7,667 64,686 19 15 7,652 7,656 7,651 7,653 64,568 20 15 7,640 7,643 7,639 7,641 64,467
. 5.4.
:
. 1301783 [9].
1. 2. 3.
. 4. 5. 6.
-
-65,5
-65,0
-64,5
-
- - 474 = 2,3 /,
.
-. g (t), (
. .
- 474
474
(),
-.
2
:
. :
[39, . 1, 7, 8], [28, . 1, 4, 7], [27, . 1, 6, 8], [9, 23, 17, 14].
ig , , (, , ), .
. 4. . . .4.1. . .4.2 f (s). . .4.3.4.5. , 13, . .4.3 ( ); 46 . .4.4 ( ); 710 . .4.5 ( ).
( ) , - .
- , , .
(), 0g .
ig :
ii ggg += 0 , (5.11) ig
, , . 5.11 ig :
( ) , 0 iii gggg ss += (5.12) sig
sg 0 , ;
( ) ig - , .
:
( ) ( )sisi sfgg ++= g (5.13) )( sig , .
sig
( ) iisi sg = , (5.14) iT
iT , /,
( )00 TTCC iT i += , (5.15) 0C 0 = 0 C,
/;
C , /( );
is i- , :
n
s
s
n
i
i
= 1 ; (5.16)
n si i- , ;
( )sf , , ;
g , , g = g + g. cC ,0 ( )sf
, [6]. . g , [1, 2, 7]. g .
- : ( ) ,; . 0iii ttttkg i == (5.17) k () -
, /;
it 0t , .
.
1. .
2. . 3. . 1. ,
, k :
k = ( ) ( )
,tt
gg
12
0201CSS
0201 (5.18)
01
S 02
S
-1 -2; ;
01g 02g -1 -2, ;
1t 2t -1 -2.
2. , ( ) ( )
,tt
ggk
ks1
s1
= (5.19)
( )sg1 ( )ksg1 ;
t t .
3. , , - :
,
1
2
1
=
=
=m
ii
m
ii
si
T
Tg
k (5.20)
sig iT () () ;
m sig iT , . . .)()(;)()( ' iii
si
si
si ttTggg == (5.21)
. 1. (. 2.1)
, it
iS .
2. sig (5.13) (5.15).
3. - (5.17) (5.18), (5.19) (5.20).
4. ig (5.12).
5. (5.11).
981 245,000 981 217,500 .
- 111 0001,70 =C / 41017,13 = /( ) (. . 4, . .4.1).
( iS it ( ), i- , ) 14 (. 5.1).
f (s) . .4.2. .
f (s) f (s) . . 5.5.
, . 5, . 5.1.
5.5.
.
,it
,T
,is.
( ) ,sig
( ),isf
, g
,sig
, it
,)( . ig
, ig
,ig
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 9,00 12,0 4,500 31,572 6 - 31,566 0,00 0,000 0,000 981 245,000
1 9,20 12,0 5,200 36,483 11 - 36,494 0,20 0,009 4,937 240,063 2 9,30 12,0 6,400 44,402 28 - 44,930 0,30 0,014 13,378 231,622 3 9,70 12,5 2,000 14,033 32 - 14,011 0,70 0,032 17,533 262,533 4 9,90 12,5 6,200 43,503 33 - 43,536 0,90 0,040 12,010 232,990 5 10,00 12,5 5,100 35,784 8 - 35,792 1,00 0,045 4,451 240,549
2 11,00 13,0 8,400 58,945 31 - 58,976 2,00 0,090 27,500 981 217,500
. 5.5. ( )sf - 111 ( . .4.2. . 4)
.
1. - ?
2. f(s) ?
3. .
4. ?
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
f(s),
s,
3
: .
: [28, 9] [39, 6365], [27, . 6366]. 3 .
, g
nD .
- . 0,165 , 0,076 . 0,241 .
110-9 -2 (0,1 ) [5].
, , , -2, - , g.
g , [26, 25, 37, 26]:
g = (g + g)k, (5.22) g g
; k . 1,14,
1,16, 1,17, (-) 1,238.
,
,1031
2cos2
,1031
2cos2
5
5
+=
+=
czR
Dcg
z
R
D
g
c
(5.23)
z z ; R , R 0243716= ;
D D . :
,
,sin
43
,sin
43
23
34
23
34
=
=
a
pRgD
a
pRgD
ccc
(5.24)
, m m M , . .
,
=M
m ;
=M
m (5.25)
a , ; pC p , ; g .
:
, 22
=R
fMg , (5.26)
f , 23 . ,
, () [2].
:
cra
cp =sin , ,479,8
cR
p
= ,sin
ra
p = (5.27)
r r ;
R - , (. .). [2].
(, , ) [34]. , . 1.
:
,coscoscossinsincos tz += (5.28) ; t .
0 vh += , (5.29) 0 0
h () (TDT). , ;
v ; h .
( ) ,TDT TUTh h +== (5.30) UT ( );
T , . , .
UT : ( )knDUT n += , (5.31)
nD n ;
k . k = 2, k = 1.
v :
,48
0 h
h Dhvv
+= ,
01 vvD = (5.32)
0
v 1
v
. , . : t ,mE += (5.33) E 12 , . .
;12 hE += (5.34) m . E :
,0 EhvEE += (5.35) 0E
+ 12 ;
Ev . :
;480 h
Eh
EE
Dhvv += 01 EEE vvD = , (5.36)
0Ev 1Ev
. ( ).
: ,+= UTm (5.37)
. + , .
: t s = (5.38) s ; . :
,0 +++= UTUTSs (5.39) 0S .
, ;
, 0027379,0 = . ,
:
( ) ( ) ,0=
=n
iii xTAxf (5.40)
( )xf ( ); x . :
,12 = hx (5.41)
h (. (5.30)); 24h;
( )xTi . : ( ) ( ) ( )nixixTi ,,2,1,0,arccoscos == , (5.42)
iA . . .
, iA , . iA , , .
(5.28) z z, (5.24) D D (5.23) (5.22) g, g g.
5,240431 0 = smh 1,10189 =
g, g g smh
nD 4,36576= 13 1988 . (.
5.6)
1. g.
5.6.
( )
1 nD smh 4,36576 2 1+n h10 ,9=n n ( )f= 3 UT smh 4,365720 (5.31) 4 T s0,57 , 1988 ., . 609. 5 TDT smh 4,335820 UTD 6 ( )hh TDT= h97594,20 12 1988 .
( )
9 0v 844,23 , 1988 ., .10 ( 12.01)
8 1v 650,24 , 1988 ., .10 ( 13.01)
13 D 805,1 (5.32) 14 48 hD 246,0 8 0v 844,23
15 v 091,23 (5.32) 16 vh 23,218 9358,860:7534,501 =
7 0 30,2084210 , 1988 ., .10 ( 12.01)
17 17,5993210 (5.29) 25 0ct 0889696,271 ct 24 hct h12597972,18 ct 3 UT smh 4,365720 . 3
23 smh 1,10189 22 E smh 027,475111 (5.35)
10 0E smh 537,075211
, 1988 ., c. 10 ( 12.01)
21 evh s510,20 20 ev s9778,0 (5.36) 19 48hD E s0106,0 11
0Ev s9884,0
18 ED s0242,0 (5.36)
11 0E
v 0,9884 S , 1988 ., .10 ( 12.01)
12 1E
v 0,9642S
26 Z 99,6587790 (5.28)
18 ED s0242,0 (5.36) 27 D , D (5.24) 28 g 023,0 (5.23) 2. g. (5.41) x
( )xf :
747945,0124
97594,202=
=
h
hx .
(5.42) ( )xTi i = 0, 1, 2, ..., n; n = 5:
( )( )( )( )( )( ) .883643,0
;9716814,0
;5699827,0
;1189930,0
;747995,0
;1
5
4
3
2
1
0
===
===
xT
xT
xT
xT
xT
xT
(. 60) iA
12 1988 . f(x): c:
4669
3702160
697128785164
01883027,004833886,0
78101723,276290375,5
50206569,1121018570,201
5
4
3
2
1
0
00
00
00
A
A
A
A
A
A
(5.40), iA :
smhh 150,0642137017083,13525624,2050 === ;
77,504313580769,13 00 == . (5.39) ,
(. 6, ) 0S h0 TDT12 1988 .:
smhS 3050,522270 = ; s = 7h22m52,305s + 20h57m36,4s(1+0,0027379)+ 9h18m10,1s = = 7,381196h + 20,960111h1,0027379 + 9,32806h = 13,701500h = 13h42m05,4s.
(5.38): 099688,35925,59592315,0642134,054213 === smhsmhsmht
. (5.28) z: z= arccosz .2,155145254242,45 00 == (5.24, 5.23, 5.22) D g = 0,026
g = 0,003 : g = 1,16(0,026 0,023) = 0,003 .
1.
- . 2. ,
?
4
:
. :
: [28, 65], [39, 71], [3, 5]. 4 . 6. . 0 10.
nkg , n k .
. n k (), n 5, k 2, :
,1
1,1
2
=
==
nkm
nk
jiij
g (5.43)
ji jig g ( g );
n k jig .
g :
( ).
1
1,1
2
nk
m
nknkM
g
nk
jiij
g ==
==
(5.44)
n ( 5>n ) k (2>k ),
[5, 17].
, 321 ++++= gg nk (5.45) g ;
1 , 2 , 3 , : , .
g , n k . 5.7.
5.7. ig
, , j iog ,
0 i i 1 2 ... K
1 11g 12g ... kg 1 10g 10 2 21g 22g ... kg 2 20g 20 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
n 1 ng 2 ng ... nkg 0 ng 0 i
goj 01
g 02g ... kg 0 00g -
,
oj 01 02 ... k0 - -
. 5.7: ;
12111 ,,, nggg , i = 1 n;
kggg 11211 ,,, , j = 1 k;
gio ig k :
k
g
g
k
ji
io
= =1 ; (5.46)
ojg jg n :
n
g
g
n
ij
oj
= =1 ; (5.47)
00g g :
nk
g
g
n
i
k
jij
= = =1 100 . (5.48)
g : ) n g
k :
,1
1
20
2
==
n
n
ii
n (5.49)
0i 0ig 00g , ;0000 ggii = (5.50)
) k
kg0 n :
,1
1
20
2
==
k
k
jj
k (5.51)
j0 jg0 00g , .0000 gg jj = (5.52)
, ;
) 1 :
( )
( )( );
11
1 1
20000
21
+
== =
kn
ggggn
i
k
jjiij
(5.53)
) :
kn
2122
2
= . (5.54)
:
nk
2122
3
= ; (5.55)
) ( ):
; 2322
21
2 ++=g (5.56)
) , n k :
.
23
22
212
knnknkg++= (5.57)
:
.
21
222 nkkn
kn
g nk+= (5.58)
(0 22 < 0
23 < ).
:
( ),
1
1 1
200
21
== =
nk
ggn
i
k
jij
(5.59)
nknkg
212
23
22
,0,0 === .
(0 23 < , 0
22 > ),
:
( )
( )
.
;0;
,1
22
2122
3
2122
2
1 10
21
2
nnkn
kn
gg
n
n
i
k
jiij
+===
== =
(5.60)
(0 22 < , 0
23 > ),
:
( )
( )
.
;
;0
;1
23
212
2122
322
2
1 121
knkn
nk
gg
k
n
i
k
jojij
+===
== =
(5.61)
( 3=n , 8=k ) (. 5.8).
5.8. g
k n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0ig 0i 1 248,84 248,70 248,69 249,07 248,92 248,77 248,90 248,83 248,84 0,02 2 248,90 249,05 248,83 249,10 248,87 248,88 248,76 248,91 248,91 0,05 3 248,83 249,00 248,68 248,97 248,69 248,79 248,76 248,88 248,82 0,04
jg 0 248,86 248,92 248,73 249,05 248,83 248,81 248,80 248,87 248,86
j0 0,00 0,06 0,13 0,19 0,03 0,05 0,06 0,01
1. (5.46), (5.47) (5.48) nkg
( 0 ig ) ( jg 0 ),
nkg ( 00g ), 248,86. jg 0
0 ig jg 0 0 ig 00g , . .
jg 0 000 igg == ,
k
g
g
k
jj
j
=
=1
0
0
, n
g
g
n
ii
i
== 1
0
0
. (5.62)
2. (5.47) (5.49) 0ig jg 0
00g : 0i j0 . 3. (5.49) (5.51)
0ng k kg0 n : n k :
.095,0,047,0 == kn 4. (5.53) 1
, 0,091 . 5. (5.54), (5.55)
034,0 2 = ( ) 079,0 3 = ( ).
6. g ( ) g , n k , (5.56) (5.57) :
,125,0 =g .039,0 =g
7. g , (5.58),
0,039 .
1. g
. 2.
, ? 3.
? 4. 1 , 2 3 ?
5
: .
: [26, 25, 37, 15, 16, 6, 32, 27]. 5 . 6.
.
, :
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
g , ():
. = gg (5.63)
: ( )10.. ggg += ; (5.64)
( ) , 210 gggg ++= (5.65) 1g H , ,
( ) 1 2cos00071,0130855,0 HBg += , (5.66) H , ;
0 [14],
( ) ,142sin107sin10302,51030978 26230 += (5.67) . 0 , 14 , . 8.
(5.65) 2g , , , , ,
H . , , [16].
: 5
2 102 = Hfg (), (5.68) f , 1067,6 8 3 / ( 2); = 3,1416; = 2,67 /3 ( ). h
, .
, , , , , , , 3g , :
53 1022 = hfg (), (5.69)
, ;/c03,1 3
h (), .
g , , ch .
1 2, :
( ) .ggg 10.. += (5.70) 3 , 0 =H . ,
.. [21], : . 0.. = gg (5.71)
( 4) h , ..g :
( ) .gggg 310.. ++= (5.72) , 1g
H h .
5 H h , . .
hHH += . (5.73) ..g (5.8),
1g H H , (5.73).
6, ch , (5.72).
, 1g , :
chHH = . (5.74) 3g
, , ch .
ch . ..g . 5.9.
5.9. ..g
B ,0 ' H,
h**, ( )hH +
, g , , 0 , 1g
, , 3g
, ..g
1 52 13 5 0 5 981 274,8 981 248,6 1,5 981 247,4 27,7
2 36 48 384 0 384 979 851,0 979 870,4 118,5 979 751,9 99,1
3 4 22 0 0 0 978 072,8 978 045,9 0 979 045,9 26,9
4 25 45 0 125 125 979 069,3 978 990,5 38,6 979 029,1 10,8 51,0
5 67 17 143 500 643 982 192,2 982 424,7 198,2 982 226,3 34,3
6 48 50 125 40 85 980 924,7 980 947,9 26,2 980 921,4 8,9* 12,5 * 3g = 2,67 /
3. **
h . : 1. ; 2. . 1, 2, 5, 6, ,
: . 2ggg .. += (5.75)
3 4, , :
hfg = )(2 2 . (5.76)
(5.75)
2g , (5.76). g . 5.10.
5.10. g
H , h , .. g , , 2g , g
1 5 0 27,7 0,6 27,1 2 384 0 99,1 43,0 56,1 3 0 3 820 26,9 262,4 289,3 4 0 125 51,0 8,6 59,6 5 143 500 34,3 16,0 50,3 6 125 40 12,5 14,0 1,5
1. . 2. ? 3. . 4. H (5.66)
? 5. ?
6
: .
: [28, . VI, 47, 49, 50, 54], [27, . 2, 3], [14]. . 9.
25 , 2 2 03 , . 1 : 1 000 000 10 .
g :
, 00 == ggg (5.77) 0g
,
0 [15].
: ( ) ,142sin107sin10302,51030978 26230 += (5.78)
. : 1. :
( )10. ggg += ; (5.79) 2. :
( ) , 210 gggg ++= (5.80) 1g H , . :
( )2cos00071,0130855,0 1 Hg += ; (5.81) 2g , ,
H .
, ,0419,0 2 Hg = (5.82)
, 367,2 .
1. (5.78).
2. (5.79).
3. (5.80).
4. 1:1 000 000 10 .
. 5.115.14.
5.11. 1
103,0 103,5 104,0 104,5 105,0
44,0 g 980 301,5 980 312,4 980 292,9 980 289,1 980 231,0 H 630 600 750 820 1 080
43,5 g 980 219,9 980 217,0 980 203,5 980 205,5 980 175,0 H 800 850 1 000 1 000 1 130
43,0 g 980 174,1 980 141,4 980 131,6 980 113,8 980 093,0 H 930 1 010 1 070 1 150 1 200
42,5 g 980 116,2 980091,4 980 076,6 980 031,2 980 016,8 H 1 000 1 030 1 100 1 190 1 240
42,0 g 980 056,2 980 032,6 980 020,7 979 990,0 979 957,3 H 980 1 090 1 130 1 220 1 310
5.12.
42,0 42,5 43,0 43,5 44,0
, 980 511,4 980 465,2 980 421,1 980 376,0 980 331,0
5.13.
103,0 103,5 104,0 104,5 105,5
44,0 52,9 83,1 126,0 56,0 46,5 43,5 57,6 91,6 61,2 22,2 29,8 43,0 42,3 57,0 95,9 58,5 22,1 42,5 22,8 19,5 21,8 76,9 42,3 42,0 30,7 20,7 12,1 6,7 32,6
5.14.
103,0 103,5 104,0 104,5 105,5 44,0 67,9 85,9 97,8 102,9 118,0 43,5 68,8 72,9 80,9 128,9 138,1 43,0 92,0 82,9 66,4 106,0 148,0 42,5 116,0 126,0 126,0 91,0 120,0 42,0 115,9 135,9 147,9 149,9 133,0
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00' ", " ( ). 100 .
,
g . ( ) 100 , , , (), .
. , , , , .
g . 10.
: , 0 0r , 0r ir . 0r 5 , , , 5 100 . :
( )
+=
=
=
=
=
=mk
k
mk
k k
kk
gm
rg
r
A
Arg
1
00
00
10
2
2
sin
cos
8
, (5.83)
= 8 , : 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16;
kg g 0r ;
4= kAk 0r ;
k (1, 2, 3,, ); , 981 000 ,
0g . 4, 8, 12, 16 ( )= 270,180,90,0kA
0 0 :
=
=
4
11
0
0
sin
cos
k k
kk A
AgC , (5.84)
0263,08
1 =
=C .
2, 6, 10, 14 ( )= 315,225,135,45kA :
=
=
4
12
0
0
sin
cos
k k
kk A
AgC , (5.85)
0186,0707107,00263,0sin 112 === ACC . 0 :
=
=
=+=+=
8
10
1
00
00 .00032,000255,02
2
k
k
mk
kk gggm
rg
r (5.86)
5 100 :
drdAA
AQg
R
r
r
=
=
=
100
5
2
01
1005 0sin
cos
21
, (5.87)
1Q (1.43). 16 8
, 0,005. ( n= 16) 22,5.
, ,
A
Pr
A
Cr
A
Br
A
Cr
A
Brlrl kkkkknkn +++=
21
211 22
. (5.88)
( ) rCrBrArF ++= 22
ln , (5.89)
( ) ( )011 rFrFP = ; (5.90)
500,016
1 =
R
P. (5.91)
5.885.91 (5.87) :
= =
=
16
11005 sin
cos500,0
k
VIII
Ii i
iki A
Ag . (5.92)
5 100
( ) ( ) =
= =
100
5
2
01005
0
21
r
rM dAdrrFg . (5.93)
(5.93) :
( )
.1014910169
47322215
516
1
16
1
16
1
16
1
16
1
16
1
16
1
16
11005
++++
++++=
VIIIVIIVIV
IVIIIIIIIM
gggg
gggg
(5.94)
, 0100
, 1 : 1 000 000, , , . , , . 10, 11.
.
1. , ( . 12, 4 6).
2. , , , NS .
3. 0g ig , 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 4 .12 . 0g 6 (. 12) 00255,04 =C .
4. ig 2, 6, 10, 14 ( ). + , (5.83), (5.87). g .
5. g 1 (. 12, 4, 2).
6. 1 0186,01 =C 1 14 (. 12, 1).
7. g 2, 6, 10, 14 ( ).
8. g 2 ( 2, . 12, 1).
9. 2 018601 ,C = , 14.
10. g , 16, 8, 4, 12.
11. , , . , g .
12. 2 2 , 12.
13. 1 2 , 1 2 , 0-5 50 5 (. 12):
.
;
2150
2150
+=+=
(5.95)
14. g
3 . 15. 00032,03 =C
50 . 16. 0-5 50
5, 0 50 . 6. , , 5100 . 1 (. 12).
17. , 1 (. 12).
i = I VIII. k = 0 16. . g .
: 1, 7, 9, 15; 2, 6, 10, 14; 3, 5, 11, 13; 16, 8, 4, 12. , : 22,5, 45,0, 67,5, : 16 360, 8 180, 4 90 5 270.
18. , g I-VIII. , 9 . . .
19. , ig ( ) 1 .
20. g ( ) 3 .
21. ( 0 ) ( 3 ). :
( ) ( )30 = . (5.96) . 22. , 49. ,
iC . 1, 7, 9, 15:
=
=
9001,0
6004,0
5,22sin
5,22cos500,0
1C .
2, 6, 10, 14:
=
=
5003,0
5003,0
45sin
45cos500,0
2C .
3, 5, 11, 13:
=
=
6004,0
9001,0
5,67sin
5,67cos500,0
3C .
16, 8 ,4, 12:
=
=
0005,0
0005,0
90sin
360cos500,0
4C .
i i 1005 1005 :
.
43211005
43211005
+++=+++=
(5.97)
23. 1005 1005 5 (. 12), 5100 .
24. i ( 0,01 ). ig
510iK . 25. i
4 ( 0,1 ). 26. 1005 6 (. 12),
5100. 27. , :
10055001000
1005501000
1005501000
++=+=+=
().
(5.98)
1. 4
(. 11). 2. ,
, , ( ). , . .
3. , . .
4. .
5. .
1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. , ,
, . 6. ?
8
: .
: [28, . VI, 47, 48]. 5 . 8 . 7.
.
. NJ 00108,02 = ( N ).
1. 0 :
0 ( )BBe ,142sinsin1 212 += (5.99) e , , 1
; e ,978016 = ; 005302,0 = . 1 , . (8.1) 1 0,0000071. , (8.1) : e , . 0 . , e .
0
g : ( ) ( ) 14ggg14B2sinBsin1 1212e0 =+=
(5.100) ( )
,000978
B2sing000978gBsing 21e12e
++= e (5.101)
g ;
1g ; g . :
=
==
+=
==
.x
,000978x
,g
),B2sin000978g(l
,Bsinb
,1a
e2
e1
i
i2
1eiii
i2
i
i
1g (5.102)
iiii lxbxa ++= 21 , (5.103) i , i = 1, , n; n . :
,=+ LAx (5.104) (-)
,
2
1
=
n
,2
1
=
nl
l
l
L ,2
1
=x
xx (5.105)
.22
11
=
nn ba
ba
ba
A (5.106)
2. [ ] min = . :
,0=+ lNx (5.107)
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] ,
==bbab
abaaAAN T ; (5.108)
,...
...
21
21
=n
nT
bbb
aaaA (5.109)
[ ][ ] .
==bl
alLAl T (5.110)
3. , :
,1 QllNx == (5.111) Q N ;
.2212
12111
QQNQ (5.112)
4. :
.
;000),978(
e
2
1e
x
x
=
+= (5.113)
5. :
,25
= q (5.114)
e
2 aq
= ;
, = 7,29 10-5 /; a a = 6 378 245 . 6.
2J :
[ ]qJ += 2321
. (5.115)
7. :
[ ]
,
;;
;;
2
22
11
mm
m
mmQm
Qmkn
vv
e
e
e
e
=
==
=
=
(5.116)
11Q , 22Q QN =1 .
( ) . 5.15.
5.15.
/ B , ' ( 000978g ),
1 5213' 3 275 2 3648' 1 851 3 422' 73 4 2545' 1 069 5 6717' 4 193 6 4850' 2 925
1. . 1g , (5.66), .
5.9 5. ib , il , (5.1005.102), (. 5.16).
5.16. ib , il
/
B ,
( 000978g ),
1g ,
Be 2sin 21 ,
l ,
be ,
,
b ,
1 52 13 3 275 1,5 6 3 282 3 189 13 0,62463
2 36 48 1 851 118,5 6 1 976 1 832 62 0,35883
3 4 22 73 0 0 73 30 38 0,00580
4 25 45 1 069 38,6 4 1 034 964 0 0,18874
5 67 17 4 193 198,2 4 4 395 4 344 30 0,85087
6 48 50 2 925 26,2 7 2 958 2 894 8 0,56670
A :
,
56670,01
85087,01
18874,01
00580,01
35883,01
62463,01
=A
.
9582
3954
0341
73
9761
2823
=L
:
.
vxx
vxx
vxx
vxx
vxx
vxx
621
521
421
321
221
121
=+=+=+
=+=+=+
95820,56670
39540,85087
04510,18874
730,00580
97610,35883
28230,62463
(5.117)
2. :
=59967,159577,2
59557,26N ;
;3708
71813
=l
.0370859967,159557,2
07181359557,26
21
21
=+=+
xx
xx
3. , . :
MathCad; . D [27]:
[ ][ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ][ ] .86105,2=== bbbbnbbb
bnD
1x 2x , :
D
Dx ii = ,
iD . :
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
;59967,13788
59557,2738131
=
=bbbl
blD x
;7,7611 == D
Dx
x
[ ][ ] [ ]
;370859557,2
7181362
=
=blb
lnD x
108522 == D
Dx
x;
[ ][ ]
[ ] 1,599671 === bbbb0
bD
1xP;
;5599,01 ==
D
D
P1x
1
P
x
[ ];6
1
0=== n
b
nD
2xP
2,097.1 ==
D
D
P2
2
x
x
P
MathCad:
;10108,5
668,76
3708
71813
097,2907,0
907,0559,03
=
== Qlx
.1085
7,76=x
4. :
;077978000978 1 =+= xe
.005222,0
2 ==e
x
5. , 003468,0=q :
,25
= q
003448,0 = , 2901
= .
6. 2J :
.297
1;0033623,0;003468,0 ===q
7. :
[ ]40
==
kn,
n ( )6=n ; k ( )2=k .
;30
11
1
=== QP
mx
e
58
22
2
=== QP
mx
e;
000059,0
==
e
em
m ;
.5 2
==
mm
1. e , ,
. , [26, 16, 4648].
2. ? 3.
, ?
1. .. . .: - . .. , 1996. 188 .
2. 1988 . .:, 1988. 690 .
3. .. .. // . , . 1960. 6. . 4551.
4. .. . .: , 1983. 112 .
5. .. , // . . . . 1956. 7. . 755764.
6. .., .. , , 1981 // . . . . 1983. 3. . 4351.
7. .., .. . .: , 1968. 512 .
8. .. . .: , 1967. 320 .
9. 1301783. . . .: - , 1984. 36 .
10. 523342005. . . .: , 2005. 28 .
11. : / . .. , .. . 2- ., . . .: , 1990. 607 .
12. .. . .: , 1976. 512 . 13. .., .. . .: ,
1978. 176 . 14. .., .. : .
. 4- . .: , 1988. 364 . 15. ..
// . . . 121. ., 1935. . 4375.
16. . . . 5. .: , 1980. 80 .
17. ( I ). .: , 1988. 253 .
18. .., .. . : , 1981. 171 .
19. .. // . . 11. : , 2006. . 98100.
20. .., .. : . . : , 2000. 34 .
21. .., .. : . . : , 2001. 56 .
22. .., .. : . . : , 2005. 39 .
23. .. : . . : , 1996. 30 .
24. . / . . .: , 1983. 520 .
25. .. . .: , 1968. 408 . 26. . / . . .: ,
1975. . 1. 568 . 27. .. [] / .. .: ,
1972. 512 . 28. .., .., .. [] /
.: , 1978. 325 . 29. .., .. ,
1 [] / .: , 1983. 30 .
30. .. . . III. : . .: , 2006. 384 .
31. .. ( ). .: , 1978. 264 .
32. .. , , // . . . . 1980. 12. . 75 89.
33. .. . : , 1981. 33 .
34. .. : . . . .: , 1984. 239 .
35. . / . . .: , 1999. 429 . 36. .. . : , 1968. 332 . 37. . / . . .: , 1982. 288
. 38. .. . .: , 1973. 432 . 39. .., .. : . . .:
, 1980. 320 .
1
a = 6 378,245 b = 6 356,777 032,3716=R 25,298:1 = 2710973,5 =M 80665,9=g /2 111067,6 =f 3/ 2 1110496,1 =A 67,2 = /3 03,1 = /
3
251035,7 =m 623,1=g /2 1401384 =r 61,513 =D 350,3 = /
3
16,275 = 4,4743=D
( ) 3210002,09904,1 = = 1, 410 /
3 DC = 3159, 26'' gC = 273, 80 /
2 C = 8, 794'' r = 149 599 300 DC= 1 392 000
2
.2.1.
: ; - 1039
, .
h,m
S,
.
,
/. Tn n
n
iS iS ( )2Tin ( )2TnK iC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
0 in 1t 1S
+0,6 6in 2t 2S
+0,4 4in 3t 3S
+0,2 2in 4t 4S
0 in 5t 5S
-0,2 2+in 6t 6S
-0,4 4+in 7t 7S
-0,6 6+in 8t 8S
0 9t 9S
0 in jn 1t 16t 1S 16S 1S 15 SS 0 +0,6 3+in 3jn 2t 15t 2S 15S 2S 25 SS 1C
+0,4 2+in 2jn 3t 14t 3S 14S 3S 35 SS 2C
+0,2 1+in 1jn 4t 13t 4S 13S 4S 45 SS 3C
0 in jn 5t 12t 5S 12S 5S 55 SS 0 -0,2 1in 1+jn 6t 11t 6S 11S 6S 65 SS 4C
-0,4 2in 2+jn 7t 10t 7S 10S 7S 75 SS 5C
-0,6 3in 3+jn 8t 9t 8S 9S 8S 85 SS 6C
:
( ),,
21
,,2
,
, 20
21
da
gKSSSSS
SS
nKC
n
C
C ii
i
i
ii
Ti
i
n
i
===+
=
==
.125,75,0,000981 === dag
3
4
2
.4.1.
0 ,
,10 4
,10 4
.
,10 4
.
2g ,
1 111 7,0001 16,74 13,17 1,97 981 448,420
2 401 7,6854 9,22 7,60 1,72 981 447,489
3 413 6,8691 11,12 10,42 1,45 981 448,716
4 44 7,8001 15,04 40,59 2,01 981 447,178
5 73 7,0956 16,53 12,30 1,63 981 448,259
6 76 7,1321 12,47 10,31 1,99 981 448,208
7 116 8,0758 7,43 24,17 1,43 981 446,868
8 650 8,1515 13,91 2,70 1,13 981 446,581
9 1 172 6,6769 4,90 1,45 0,82 981 449,018
10 (0) 375 7,1081 6,58 2,16 1,10 981 448,279
.4.2. f (s),
-
M (f), 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
111 32 22 17 5 37 15 39 18 36 2 0 36 36 20 27
401 16 6 6 7 2 21 18 30 13 22 0 44 24 5 24
413 1 1 0 4 1 1 0 6 2 5 5 10 0 3 17
44 0 11 20 31 17 18 8 51 95 79 5 13 0 6 31
73 0 5 3 13 10 27 3 22 0 17 12 14 24 10 13
76 0 21 10 7 10 18 26 17 19 37 17 0 43 15 16
116 2 12 2 0 13 8 18 2 22 8 6 14 36 0 10
650 28 6 0 4 17 16 7 18 17 10 13 20 23 5 13
1 172 0 3 2 0 0 2 1 2 3 1 1 0 2 2 7
375 13 3 2 0 4 7 8 3 2 5 0 7 1 3 8
,
.
.4.3. 1. -1 -2
, h
S , .
t,
T, h
S , .
t,
-1 9 15 6,589 20,0 8 1033 11,998 1 9 23 5,327 9 10 42 12,252 2 9 34 3,152 10 10 54 13,508 21,0 3 9 44 2,008 11 11 03 14,643 4 9 53 4,298 12 11 12 10,828 5 10 06 7,456 20,5 13 11 24 9,777 6 10 15 9,701 14 11 32 8,915 7 10 25 10,825 -2 11 51 8,125 21,5
.4.4. 2. -1
, h
S , .
t,
T, h
S , .
t,
-1 700 4,021 11,0 6 901 6,400 11,5 1 7 21 5,250 7 9 20 8,602 2 7 43 4,032 8 9 42 7,000 3 8 00 3,500 9 10 03 5,254 4 8 22 2,200 10 10 22 6,301 5 8 40 4,040 -1 10 41 4,109 12,0
.4.5. 3.
, h
S,.
t,
T, h
S , .
t,
-1 946 5,443 21,0 4 1301 9,532 20,5 1 10 32 6,265 3 13 40 10,168 2 10 55 7,850 6 14 14 4,100 3 11 35 10,032 2 14 51 8,111 4 12 18 9,453 1 15 16 6,636 5 12 37 3,574 20,5 -1 15 51 5,555 20,0
5
.5.1
____ ____________________________________ - ____111__ _ _______ , tC __7,001__ /. () _______________________________ ____ ..________________ () () ___08.08.2008_______________ ____ ..________________
() ()
Ti, Ti,
t, C
iS,.
Sig
Gi,
sif
,
gi,
ti, gi,
gi, ig
,
gi,
gi,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
:
gi igg += ; 1ggg ii = ; 2)()( ii
igg
g+
= ; is
ii
Sii gfggg +++= ; it
Si SCg = ; ii tkg = ;
1TTt ii = ;
=2
)(
i
ii
T
TGk ; )()( Si
Sii ggG = ;
iii TTT = . g
i = g + g
gi g , 3.
6
4
1
k n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 248,78 248,62 248,84 248,69 248,88 248,60 248,91 2 248,56 248,72 248,68 248,91 248,59 248,59 248,84 3 249,02 249,00 248,85 248,78 248,59 248,59 249,10 4 249,07 248,92 248,77 248,90 248,89 248,89 249,03
2
k n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 248,71 248,69 248,57 248,94 248,94 248,72 248,95 248,80 2 248,76 248,97 248,65 248,78 248,84 248,83 249,03 248,97 3 248,80 248,76 248,62 248,78 248,92 249,00 248,83 248,87
3
k n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 248,94 248,78 248,78 248,90 248,84 248,92 248,72 248,72 2 249,00 248,95 249,03 248,83 248,80 248,97 248,97 248,87 3 248,91 248,95 248,96 248,72 248,68 248,71 248,