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6,13-()
Studies on the Electrical Characteristics of 6,13-Bis
(triisopropylsilylethynyl) Pentacene Organic Thin Film
Transistors by Crystal-Grown Direction
( Yong-Zhi Lin )
Prof. Chin-Tsou Kuo
Department of Chemical Engineering Tatung University
Oct. 2012
1
n-Butyllithium 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)
pentacene (TIPS-PEN)
TIPS-PEN
TIPS-PEN
TIPS-PEN
TIPS-PEN
mobility
0.103 cm2/Vson/off current ratio() 1.85 105
-2.8 V
TIPSP-PEN
TIPSP-PEN 1.5 L
mobility 0.157 cm2/Vs on/off current ratio(
) 1.25 106
2
.... I
...... II
. VI
IX
1
1-1 1
1-2 .................................................................... 2
..................................................................................... 4
2-1 (Organic Thin Film TransistorOTFT)............ 4
2-2 ............................................ 5
2-3 ........................................ 7
2-3-1 (Mobility)........................................................... 7
2-3-2 (Threshold voltage, VT).......................................... 9
2-3-3 (Subthreshold slope)........................................ 9
2-3-4 (On/off current ratio)...................................... 10
2-4 .......................................................................... 10
2-5 (Ci)............................................................ 11
2-6 .......................................................................... 12
3
2-7 TIPS-PEN...................................................................................... 12
2-8 TIPS-PEN.......................................................... 13
2-9 ...................................................................................... 16
............................................................................................ 17
3-1................................................................................................ 17
3-2 ...................................................................................... 19
3-2-1 Synthesis of 6,13-pentacenequinone.................................. 19
3-2-2 Synthesis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene 19
3-2-3 OTFT :(Bottom-cotact) ......... 21
3-2-4 ........................................................................ 25
3-3 .................................................................. 26
................................................................................. 29
4-1 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene... 29
4-2 . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . 32
4-3 ................................. 53
............................................................................................. 57
................................................................................................... 59
4
Figure 1-1 The first transistor created by Bell Laboratories
in 1947 [1]. ................................................................................2
Figure 1-2 Organic thin film transistor applications on the flexible
OLED Display 4]. ............2
Figure 1-3 Chemical structure of soluble and insoluble organic
semiconductor materials. ..........................................................3
Figure 2-1 Schematic representations of field-effect transistor
architectures, (a) top-gate bottom-contact,
(b) top-gate top-contact, (c) bottom-gate
bottom-contact, and (d) bottom-gate top-contact [9]. ..............6
Figure 2-2 The operational mechanism of OTFT [8]. ................................6
Figure 2-3 (a) Molecular structure of TIPS and TES derivatives.
(b) Typical TIPS crystal. Molecular packing in (c) TIPS
and (d) TES crystals [14]. ....................................................14
Figure 2-4 The structure of OTFTs using TIPS-pentacene
semiconductor droplet which was dried under
Ar gas injection in a quartz tube [15]. .................................15
5
Figure 2-5 (a) Schematic diagram of the solution-shearing
method. (b) Cross-polarized optical microscope
images of solution-sheared TIPS-PEN thin films,
formed with shearing speeds of TIPS-PEN [12]. ....................15
Figure 3-1 Synthesis of 6,13-pentacenequinone. .........................................19
Figure 3-2 Synthesis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene.....20
Figure3-3 Architecture of TIPS-PEN OTFT: (a) sidelong glance
and (b) overlook......24
Figure 3-4 Fabrication process of TIPS thin film deposited on the
substrate.....................................................................................25
Figure 3-5 A plot of potential energy versus internuclear distance for
the Interaction between two atoms......28
Figure 3-6 Schematic assembly of an AFM..28
Figure 4.1 IR Spectrum of 6,13 -bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)
pentacene.....30
Figure 4.2 1H-NMR spectra of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)
pentacene30
Figure 4-3 A drying process of TIPS-PEN solution on deposition..33
6
Figure 4-4 Optical microscopic images of TIPS-PEN deposited with
(a) the nucleus in channel and the crystal grew
(b) parallel, (c) perpendicular, (d) diagonal,
(e) bevel-60 ,and (f) bevel-30 to the current flow
between source and drain electrodes...........33
Figure 4-5 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the
TIPS-PEN OTFT with the nucleation in the channel.35.
Figure 4-6 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrograph images of the
TIPS-PEN thin film with the nucleation in the channel..36
Figure 4-7 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the
TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew perpendicular
to the current flow between source and drain electrodes....37
Figure 4-8 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the
TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew perpendicular
to the current flow between source and drain electrodes........38
Figure 4-9 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the
TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew parallel
to the current flow between source and drain electrodes......40
7
Figure 4-10 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the
TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew parallel to
the current flow between source and drain electrodes..41
Figure 4-11 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the
TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew diagonal
to the current flow between source and drain electrodes.42.
Figure 4-12 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the
TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew diagonal
to the current flow between source and drain electrodes.43
Figure 4-13 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the
TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew bevel (60)
to the current flow between source and drain electrodes..45
Figure 4-14 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the
TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew bevel (60)
to the current flow between source and drain electrodes46
Figure 4-15 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the
TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew bevel (30)
to the current flow between source and drain electrodes47
8
Figure 4-16 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the
TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew bevel (30)
to the current flow between source and drain electrodes......48
Figure 4-17 Histograms of saturation mobility of TIPS-PEN OTFT for
nucleation in channel (5 devices), perpendicular (10 devices),
parallel (10 devices), diagonal (5 devices), bevel 30 (5 devices)
and bevel 60 (5 devices)..52
Figure 4-18 Histograms of on/off current ratio of TIPS-PEN OTFT for
nucleation in channel (5 devices),perpendicular (10 devices),
parallel (10 devices), diagonal (5 devices), bevel 30(5 devices)
and bevel 60(5 devices)...52
9
Table 4.1 Elemental analysis of
6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene...31
Table 4-2 Electrical parameters of TIPS-PEN OTFT....51
Table 4-3 Electrical parameters of TIPS-PEN OTFT55
Table 4-4 Electrical parameters of TIPS-PEN OTFT56
10
1-1
BellBardeenBrattain [1]1947
(transistor)(Figure 1-1)silicon
gallium arsenide()
(Organic Materials)
1970 [2]
(organic thin film transistorOTFT)
[3]
(Figure 1-2)[4]
11
Figure 1-1The first transistor created by Bell Laboratories in 1947 [1].
Figure 1-2 Organic thin film transistor applications on the flexible OLED
Display [4].
1-2
(organic field effect transistor OFET)
(OTFT)
12
(MOSFETmetal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor)
1986 Tsumura
(polythiophene)[3] Garnier
[5] sexithiophene
(a-Si:H) thiophene
(Figure 1-3)
(spin
coating)(inkjet printing)
Figure 1-3 Chemical structure of soluble and insoluble organic
semiconductor materials.
13
2-1 (Organic Thin Film TransistorOTFT)
(FETs)1930Lilienfeld [6]
1947[1]
1986(polythiophene)
[4](Organic Field-effect transistors,
OFETs) Koezuka [7]
(Organic thin-film
transistors, OTFTs)
Si-
-(MOSFET)MOSFET
MOSFET (Active
Area)
(spin-coating)(vacuum deposition)
(electronic paper) (sensor)RFID
(radio frequency identification card)LCD
14
(mobility)(on/off current ratio)
2-2
OTFT Figure 2-1 [8]
(top-gate)(bottom-gate)
(top-contact)
(bottom contact) Figure 2-1 (a) -
(top-gate bottom contact) bipolar junction transistor (BJT)
OTFT (on)(off)
(gate electrode) Figure 2-2n-OTFT
p-OTFT
[9]
15
Figure 2-1 Schematic representations of field-effect transistor architectures,
(a) top-gate bottom-contact, (b) top-gate top-contact, (c) bottom-gate
bottom-contact, and (d) bottom-gate top-contact [8].
Figure 2-2 The operational mechanism of OTFT [9].
16
2-3
(mobilitycm2/Vs)/(on/off current ratio)
/(W/L)
/
W/L10
/
2-3-1 (Mobility)
()(mobility)p
(1) VD () ID VD
(2-1)
2
2D
DTGi
DVVVV
LWCI .(2-1)
ID WL
17
Ci VG VT VD
ID VG gm (transconductance)(2-2)
Di
constVG
Dm VL
WCVIg
D
.(2-2)
ID-VG
(2)VG ID-VG (
constVD
D
GVI
)VG(
constV
G
constVD
D
D
G
V
VI
)(WCi/L)
(3)VD(ID):
22 TG
iD VVL
WCI
.(2-3)
18
TGiD VVLWCI
2/12/1
2
..(2-4)
(ID)1/2VG
2-3-2 (Threshold voltage, VT)
(VG)(
)
(1)ID-VGgm
ID-VGgmVGy = 0
VG = VT + VD/2
(2)(2-3)
(2-4)VG
2-3-3 (Subthreshold slope)
VGVT
19
SS
1
log
D
G
IVSS ..(2-5)
2-3-4 (On/off current ratio)
Ion/Ioff ratio
On current
off current Ion/Ioff
0.1
cm2/Vs 106 Ion/Ioff
2-4
OTFT Figure 2-2 gate
TFT -
(drain) (source-drain) (i.e. ID vs. -VDS)
(2-1) ~
(2-3) (gate)
ID
20
(field-effect mobility)
2-5 (Ci)
capacitance Cfarad
F(F/cm2)
dCi
(2-6)
iC d
(2-7)
Farad/meter
F/m
21
8.854 10-14 F/cm
= 3.9 300 nm:
28514
2 1015.1103
9.310854.8,
cmF
cmcmF
CSiO i
2-6
(polymer)
2001Anthony [11]
pentacene613
-* stacking
2-7 TIPS-PEN
TIPS-PEN6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene
TIPS-PEN
2011
22
Bao [12]4.59
cm2/VsNature2003Kelley [10]
pentacene5 cm2/Vs
(amorphous silicon)
2-8 TIPS-PEN
2001 Anthony [11] TIPS-PEN
TIPS-PEN
(1) 2006Ostroverkhova[13]TIPS-PENTES-PEN
(6,13-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) pentacene)
(Figure 2-3)TIPS-PEN
TES-PENa-b(XY)
(2) 2007Cho[14](flow casting)
TIPS-PEN
mobility 0.3 cm2/Vs
(3) 2011Song[15]
TIPS-PENFigure 2-4
TIPS-PEN
23
mobility 0.53 cm2/Vs
(4) 2011Bao
[12]solution-shearingTIPS-PEN
TIPS-PENFigure 2-5
mobility4.59 cm2/Vs
mobility
Figure 2-3 (a) Molecular structure of TIPS and TES derivatives. (b) Typical
TIPS crystal. Molecular packing in (c) TIPS and (d) TES crystals [14].
24
Figure 2-4 The structure of OTFTs using TIPS-pentacene semiconductor
droplet which was dried under Ar gas injection in a quartz tube [15].
Figure 2-5 (a) Schematic diagram of the solution-shearing method. (b)
Cross-polarized optical microscope images of solution-sheared TIPS-PEN
thin films [12].
25
2-9
TIPS-PENP
TIPS-PEN
(pipette)
TIPS-PEN
TIPS-PEN
AFM
26
3-1
A.
11,4-CyclohexanedioneC6H8O2, 98%, Acros.
2ortho-PhthalaldehydeC8H6O2, 95%, Acros.
3Triisopropylsilyl acetyleneC11H22Si, 98%, Aldrich.
4n-ButyllithiumC4H9Li, in 2.5 M tetrahydrofuran, Aldrich.
5Tin(II) chloride anhydrousSnCl2, 98%, Showa.
6Magnesium Sulfate MgSO4, Anhyd,98%,YAKURI.
B.
1EthanolC2H6O , anhydrous, 99.5%, Aldrich.
2Sodium hydroxide NaOH,99% ,Shmakyu.
3TertrahydrofuranC4H8O, anhydrous, 99.5%, Acros.
4Hydrochloric acid HCl, 32% , Shmakyu.
5DichloromethaneCH2Cl2, HPLC Grade, Echo.
6Acetic acidC2H4O2, HPLC Grade, Echo.
7AcetoneC3H6O, HPLC Grade, Echo.
8n-HexanesC6H14, HPLC Grade, Echo.
27
9AnisoleC7H8O, 99 %, ACROS.
10Isopropyl alcohol C3H8O, 99.9%, Shmakyu.
C.
n-type silicon wafer (0.01-0.02 -cm, -axis, 570 m
thick), ELight Co.
D.
1Hydrofluoric acidHF, Acros.
2Photoresist () , s1813 , Rohm & Haas.
3Developer () ,MF-319, Rohm & Haas.
28
3-2
3-2-1 Synthesis of 6,13-pentacenequinone
Figure 3-1 500 mL4.24g
(0.031mol) o-phthaldehyde 1.76g (0.016mol) 1,4-cyclohexanedione
150 mL ethanol 5 mL 5 % NaOH12
DI-water Ethanol
4.60 g (92%)
Figure 3-1 Synthesis of 6,13-pentacenequinone.
3-2-2 Synthesis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene
Figure 3-2
30 mL Tertrahydrofuran
Acetone -78 2.097
mL ( 9.347 mmol ) triisopropylsilyl acetylene 3.739 mL
( 9.347 mmol ) n-butyllithiu -78
1.31 g ( 4.249 mmol)
29
6,13-pentacenequinone 20 mL tetrahydrofuran
-78 18
10% 15 mL HCl 2 CH2Cl2
DI-H2O
50 mL Acetone
1.772 g (9.347 mmol) tin(II) chloride dehydrate 50% acetic acid (15
mL)
24
HexaneHexanesilica gel
0.78 g (28.7%)
Si 1. n-ButylLithium
2.THF , -78 , 2 hr +O
O
RT,18 h
rSi
Si
Si
Si
HO
HO
+ SnCl2RT,24 hr
Figure 3-2 Synthesis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene
30
3-2-3 OTFT :(Bottom-cotact)
A.
(1) 4 n-type 570 m 0.01-0.02
-cm
(2) 1050 (wet oxidation)
3000 SiO2 Ellipsometer
(Rudolph Roseach/Auto EI)
B.
(1) Acetone Isopropyl alcohol
Hot-plate
(2) 2000 30
(3) 2/3
(4) HF DI-water HF
Acetone
Hot-plate
31
C.
(1) Hot plate
(2)
(3) uniformity 6
(4)
(5)
(6) DI-water
(7)
D.
(1)
(2)
(3) target holder
chamber
(4) 2 10-5 torr
(5) 100 mA 120
(6) 150 mA 120
32
(7)
(8) 100 mA 70
(9) 150 mA 70
(10)
E.
(1) Acetone
(2)
channel
(4) channel
(5) Acetone
(6)
(7)
(8)
F.
(drop-coating) 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)
pentacene (channel)
33
Figure 3-3
Figure 3-3 Architecture of TIPS-PEN OTFT: (a) sidelong glance and (b)
overlook.
34
3-2-4
Anisole (bp = 154 )1 wt%TIPS-PEN
(drop-coating)
1(nucleation)
(Pipette) 0.5 LTIPS-PEN
(1) (channel)
(2) channel(channel)
channel channel
Figure 3-4
channel
pipette
Figure 3-4 Fabrication process of TIPS thin film deposited on the substrate.
35
2(drop-coating)
(Pipette)(0.5 L, 1.0 L, 1.5L
2.0 L)TIPS-PEN
100Hot plate 20 min
3-3
1(Infrared spectrometerFT-IR)
Jasco FT-300E
KBr
2(Nuclear Meganetic Resonance spectrometer
NMR)
Bruker AV-500 MHz d-chloroform
5mm NMR tube 3cm
36
3
Hewlett Packard 4155ATIPS-PEN
OTFT-(I-V curve)
0 V-40
V10 V(VDS)0 V-50 V2.5 V
IDVDS
10 V-50 V1 VID
ID1/2Log(-ID);VG ID1/2
VG Log(-ID)
4
Digital instruments Multimode Nanoscope III instrument
2D3D
(Figure 3-5)
(vander Waals force)
AFM(Figure 3-6)AFM
37
Figure 3-5 A plot of potential energy versus internuclear distance for the
Interaction between two atoms.
Figure 3-6 Schematic assembly of an AFM.
38
4-1 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene
6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene pentacnene
IR (Figure 4.1) 2150 cm-1
CC peak 1530~1740 cm-1 C=C peak 1020~1070cm-1
Si-C peak TIPS-pentacene 6,13-pentacenequinone CO
C triisopropylsilyl acetylene 1700 cm-1
CO peak 2150 cm-1 CC peak
(1H-NMR)
6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene 1H-NMR (Figure 4.2)
= 7.2 ppm CDCl3 = 7.4 ppm 9.3 ppm
H
= 1.4 ppm H = 7.4
ppm = 7.7 ppm 9.3 ppm 1 = 1.4 ppm
1.5 9 1111.59 4 444
636
39
Figure 4.1 IR Spectrum of 6,13 -bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene.
Figure 4.2 1H-NMR spectra of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene.
40
EA (Table 4.1) C
H EA C H
CH 1%
(4-1)
Table 4.1 Elemental analysis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene.
Theoretical Experimental Error
C% H% C% H% C% H%
TIPS-PEN 82.74 8.45 82.68 8.534 0.07% 0.99%
41
4-2
(drop-casting)
Figure 4-3
(nucleation)
pipette
TIPS-PEN (perpendicular)
(parallel) (45, diagonal) (60, bevel) (30,
bevel) (source electrode) (drain
electrode)
Figure 4-4 (a)(f) channel
60 30 (a) channel
TIPS-PEN
channel channel
(b) channel channel
(c) channel chanmel
(d)(f) channel channel
4560 30
42
Figure 4-3 A drying process of TIPS-PEN solution on deposition.
Figure 4-4 Optical microscopic images of TIPS-PEN deposited with (a) the
nucleus in channel and the crystal grew (b) parallel, (c) perpendicular, (d)
diagonal, (e) bevel-60, and (f) bevel-30 to the current flow between source
and drain electrodes.
(a) (d)
(b) (e)
(c) (f)
43
Figure 4-4 (a) channel
mobility 5.57
10-2 ~ 1.79 10-2 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.15 105 ~ 3.13 103
VT 3.1 ~ -9.4 V Figure 4-5
mobility 5.70 10-2 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.15 105VT
3.1V AFM 2D 3D (Figure 4-6) TIPS-PEN
100 nm
channel Figure 4-4
(b) channel TIPS-PEN
mobility 6.22 10-2 ~ 1.49 10-3 cm2/Vson/off current
ratio 5.42 105 ~ 8.39 103VT 9.0 ~ -6.7 V
Figure 4-7 mobility 5.70 10-2
cm2/Vson/off current ratio 9.23 104VT-3.6 V AFM 2D
3D (Figure 4-8) TIPS-PEN
44
Figure 4-5 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN OTFT
with the nucleation in the channel.
45
Figure 4-6 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrograph images of the
TIPS-PEN thin film with the nucleation in the channel.
46
Figure 4-7 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN OTFT
with the crystal grew perpendicular to the current flow between source and
drain electrodes.
47
Figure 4-8 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN
thin film with the crystal grew perpendicular to the current flow between
source and drain electrodes.
48
channel Figure 4-4(c)
TIPS-PEN channel
mobility 1.03 10-1 ~ 5.11 10-3 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.96
107 ~ 6.27 103VT-2.6 ~ -9.8 V mobility Figure
4-9 mobility 1.03 10-1 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1. 85
105VT-2.8 VAFM 2D 3D(Figure 4-10)TIPS-PEN
(45) Figure
4-4(d) TIPS-PEN
mobility 1.16 10-2 ~ 2.69 10-3
cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.89 103 ~ 6.60 102VT-3.0 ~ -12.1
V Figure 4-11 mobility
3.29 10-2 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.00 105VT-3.0 V
AFM 2D 3D (Figure 4-12) channel TIPS-PEN
49
Figure 4-9 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN OTFT
with the crystal grew parallel to the current flow between source and drain
electrodes.
50
Figure 4-10 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN
thin film with the crystal grew parallel to the current flow between source
and drain electrodes.
51
Figure 4-11 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN
OTFT with the crystal grew diagonal to the current flow between source and
drain electrodes.
52
Figure 4-12 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN
thin film with the crystal grew diagonal to the current flow between source
and drain electrodes.
53
channel (30)
60 Figure 4-4(e) TIPS-PEN
60
mobility 5.45 10-2 ~ 3.68 10-2 cm2/Vson/off current
ratio 8.68 104 ~ 1.83 104VT-10.8 ~ -19.0 V mobility
Figure 4-13 mobility 5.45 10-2 cm2/Vson/off
current ratio 6.63 104VT-19.0 V AFM 2D 3D (Figure
4-14) TIPS-PEN
channel
(60) 30 Figure 4-4(f)
TIPS-PEN
30 mobility 9.84 10-3 ~ 1.18 10-3 cm2/Vs
on/off current ratio 9.31 104 ~ 8.32 103VT-10.5 ~ -14.5 V
mobility Figure 4-15 mobility 9.84 10-3
cm2/Vson/off current ratio 9. 31 104VT-14.5 V AFM
2D 3D (Figure 4-16) TIPS-PEN
54
Figure 4-13 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN
OTFT with the crystal grew bevel (60) to the current flow between source
and drain electrodes.
55
Figure 4-14 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN
thin film with the crystal grew bevel (60) to the current flow between
source and drain electrodes.
56
Figure 4-15 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN
OTFT with the crystal grew bevel (30) to the current flow between source
and drain electrodes.
57
Figure 4-16 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN
thin film with the crystal grew bevel (30) to the current flow between
source and drain electrodes.
58
Table 4-2
mobility on/off current
ratio
on/off current ratio
channel
TIPS-PEN
60 mobility
channel
mobility
Figure 4-17
mobility
mobility
channel mobility
mobility channel
Figure 4-18
on/off current ratio
59
106 5 102 on/off current
ratio 1.96 107 on/off current ratio 106
on/off current ratio
channel
mobility on/off current ratio
channel
channel TIPS-PEN
channel
channel
channel
mobility on/off current ratio
60
61
Figure 4-17 Histograms of saturation mobility of TIPS-PEN OTFT for nucleation
in channel (5 devices), perpendicular (10 devices), parallel (10 devices), diagonal
(5 devices), bevel of 30 (5 devices) and bevel of 60 (5 devices).
Figure 4-18 Histograms of on/off current ratio of TIPS-PEN OTFT for nucleation
in channel (5 devices),perpendicular (10 devices), parallel (10 devices), diagonal
(5 devices), bevel of 30(5 devices), and bevel of 60(5 devices).
62
4-3
TIPS-PEN1.0L1.5 L 2.0L
Table 4-3
Table 4-4
1.5 L
mobility Vt0.5 1.5 L mobility
on/off current ratio Vt
mobility channel TIPS-PEN
channel
hot-place
on/off current ratio off
current
1.0 L
mobility 1.5 L on/off current ratio
63
1.01.5 L
mobilitychannelTIPS-PEN
64
65
66
1 n-Butyllithium 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene
28.7%
2 TIPS-PEN
3
0.5 L
mobility on/off current ratio
1.03 10-1 cm2/Vs1. 85 105 5.70 10-2
cm2/Vs9.23 104
4
channel
channel
mobility on/off current ratio
5
channel
mobility on/off current ratio
67
channel
channelTIPS-PEN
channel
6
1.5 L
mobility 1.57 10-1 cm2/Vs
1.5 L on/off current ratio 1.25 106
7 TIPS-PEN
1.0 1.5 L mobility on/off current ratio
channel
hot-place
8 1.0 1.5 L mobility on/off current
ratio Vt
68
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