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6
:
/
( )
4
(Assembly)
0 1. .. 0000001010111100101000000010111111001000 / . / /. ( ) . / . ( /).
( ) (.. ADD). /. () . . . / . ( /).
, .. ( Pascal): readln (arithmos); for i:=1 to 10 do dinami := arithmos * arithmos;
/ . .
, FORTRAN, 1957 . FORTRAN . 1960 COBOL . ALGOL / . . , LISP PROLOG.
BASIC /. , , . PASCAL 1970 ALGOL. , . . .
C Unix. . C++ . JAVA. JAVA .
(event driven): (..: , ).
(visual programming): (, ).
: Visual Basic, Visual C++, Java.
: /. /. . . : Fortran, Cobol, Lisp, Prolog, Basic, Pascal, C, C++, Java, Algol, PL1, ..
4 . , ... SQL Select ename, job, sal from employes where deptno = 20 and sal > 1000
.
1. .
) ) ) , .. LISP ) ( ), .. PROLOG ) , .. SQL
.
2. ( ) ) , .. BASIC, PASCAL 1) , .. FORTRAN 2) , .. COBOL ) , .. C ) , .. LISP, PROLOG ) ( , , . .
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vs - .
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GOTO > 0 goto 1 = 0 goto 2 goto 41: 2: 4: !
GOTO. :
/ . . . . . , . (objects) . , .
/ . . .
GOTO > 0 goto 1 = 0 goto 2 goto 41: 2: 4: ! .
:) : 6: .117 137 1 11, . 141 ( )
) : : 2-7, 9, 11-14, . 59 60
) :
) (goto) : , . 134 : 1 & 2, . 58-59
(Editor)
(source)
(Compiler)
(Interpreter) .
sourceobjectH (Compiler)
(compiler)
:
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: H (Compiler)
(Linker Loader)
(Linker Loader) : , (libraries) (executable) .
:
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: H (Compiler)
H (Interpreter)
1
2
H . . .
H . . .
:
. .
. .
:) : 6: .137 141 12 14, . 141 ( )
) : : 1, 8, 10, . 59 60
) :.
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