บทที่ 9 ระบบต่อมไร้ท่อ (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM)

* 9 (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM)

* (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM)

* (endocrine gland) extracellular fluid 9 (exocrine gland) (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM)

* (endocrine cell) chemical control chemical messenger molecular messenger

*(co-ordinating system)

* 3 (growth)

*Chemical messengermolecular messenger 5 1. Paracrine (local regulator) 2. Neurotransmitter 3. Neurohormone4. Hormone 5. Pheromone

* 4 1. (Polypeptide hormone)2. (Steroid hormone)3. (Amine hormone)4. (Fatty acid hormone)

*chemical messenger -(receptor) 1. (a b&c)2. (bc)

* 2 1.(cell membrane receptor)

*2. , , Vitamin D3, NO- (hormone-receptor complex) transcription factor-

* 3 1. * (adrenal cortex) (ovary) (testis)2. * - (thyroid gland)- (hypophysis pituitary)- (adrenal medulla)

*1. (essential endocrine gland) (thyroid gland)(parathyriod gland) (adrenal cortex)2. (non-essential endocrine gland) (pituitary)(pineal gland) (adrenal medulla) (ovary)(testis)

* negative feedback

* homeostasis PTH Calcitonin(antagonistic) 2

*1.Brain hormone(BH) neurosecretory cells corpus cardiacum2.BHprothoracic gl. ecdysone3.ecdysone 4.Juvenile hormone(JH) corpus allatum metamorphosis JH

*()- 9 -Tropic hormones:

*()- -(neurosecretory cell) (releasing homrone) (inhibiting hormone)

*pituitary (Anterior pituitary)2. (intermidiate )3. (Posterior pituitary) 3

*(anterior pituitary gland or adenohypophysis)- releasing/inhibiting portal vessel

* (Growth hormone,GH)

(Growth hormone,GH)

dwarfismgiantism acromegalysimmons disease

*giantism GH (giantism)

*13 years old18 years old18 years old High School Graduation21 years oldEntering his car, front seat had to be removedhttp://www.altonweb.com/history/wadlow/

*dwarfism GH

*acromegaly GH

*simmons disease

* (follicle stimulating hormone,FSH) (glycoprotein) - - (LH) - FSH (germinal epithelium) (spermatogenesis) (gonadotrophin gonadotrophic hormone,Gn )

* LH - (testosterone)

* (prolactin) (lactogenic hormone)

*

*

(adrenocorticotrophin hormone) ACTH

*ACTH GH ACTH (MSH)

* TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

*

* GH (GH releasing hormone,GHRH) GH (GH inhibiting hormone,GHIH)(prolactin releasing hormone,PRH) (thyroid releasing hormone,TRH) TSH Gn (gonadotrophin releasing hormone,GnRH) FSH LH

*- (Melanocyte stimulating hormone) MSH

*(Posterior pituitary gland or neurohypophysis)- - axon

*

* ADH (Vasopressin)

*ADH ADH (diabetes insipidus) 20

*

(Oxytocin)

* (pancreas)-endocrine gland (islets of Langerhans) exocrine gland()-Islet of Langerhans alpha cells( glucagon) beta cells ( insulin)

*-insulin glucagon (antagonistic):insulin (), , :glucagon Diabetes mellitus () ( = 90mg/100ml) insulin insulin

* (adrenal gland)- 2 adrenal cortex()adrenal medulla()- fatty acid-cardiovascular respiratory system -autonomic nervous system (sympathetic)-glucocorticoid noncarbohydrate source -mineralocorticoid aldosterone Na+

* (adrenal gland) 2 1. (adrenal cortex) 2. (adrenal medulla) 2

*1. (Glucocorticoid hormone) 2. (mineralocorticoid) (aldosterone) (adrenal cortex)

* (adrenal medulla) 1. (adrenalin) 2. (noradrenalin)

* (Thyroid gland)- 2 - triiodothyronine (T3) thyroxine (T4)- - TSH

* (parathormone,PTH)

(Parathyriod gland)

*

* (androgens) (testosteron)

* - (estrogens) - (progesterone)

* (melatonin) (pineal gland)

*- MSH- melatonin- Thymus gland Biological clock- pineal gland

*

*

*

*. Labial glands.. Auricular glands.. Perianal glands.. Vulva Preputial glands.. Interdigitous glands.

**