INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDRENAND THE

FUTURECopyright 2010 - International Vaccine Institute. All rights reserved International Vaccine Institute Seoul National University Research Park San 4-8 Nakseongdae-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea 151-919 Tel : +82-2-872-2801 Fax : + 82-2-872-2803 Contact : iviinfo@ivi.int

www.ivi.int

www.ivi.int

INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDRENAND THE

FUTURE

INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDREN AND THE FUTURE

IVIs Vision: The effective control of poverty-related infectious diseases in developing countries through the accelerated and sustainable introduction of new-generation vaccines. IVIs Mission: To combat infectious diseases through innovations in vaccine design, development, and introduction, addressing the needs of people in developing countries.

CONTENTS04. LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR GENERAL 05. WHO WE ARE IVIs Bench to Field Approach Historical Milestones

08. IVIS ACHIEVEMENTS 09. WHAT WE DO Translational Research Laboratory Sciences Training and Technical Assistance

14. DONORS 15. PARTNERS 17. BOARD OF TRUSTEES 18. SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY GROUP 19. SIGNATORY COUNTRIES

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR GENERALDr. John D. Clemens, Director General of the IVI, is an international expert on vaccine evaluation in developing countries. Before joining the IVI in 1999, he held senior positions at the United States National Institutes of Health. He has also served as a long-term advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO) and served as a member of the GAVI Alliance Board.

Dear Friends, We live in an era of unprecedented gaps in health between rich countries and poor countries. Sometimes called the 90/10 gap, developing countries experience 90% of the worlds infectious disease mortality, yet only 10% of resources devoted to the control of infectious diseases find their way to the developing world. The good news is that vaccines have repeatedly been demonstrated to be the most cost-effective tools for preventing infectious diseases and recent advances in biotechnology offer the prospect of new vaccines against diseases for which no previous vaccines existed and of vastly improved versions of existing vaccines. As well, there are now unprecedented resources being made available from public sector entities such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, the GAVI Alliance, and OECD governments to develop and deploy new vaccines for the worlds poorest people. The International Vaccine Institute (IVI), located in Seoul, Republic of Korea, was established to assist efforts to close the gap in vaccines for the developing world versus those for the industrialized world by conducting research and delivering technical assistance. The IVI is the worlds only international research organization devoted solely to bringing new vaccines to the poor populations of the developing world. To date, 40 countries and the WHO have signed the IVI Establishment Agreement. During the years since the IVI was established in 1997, the Institute has become an important partner in global efforts to develop and deploy new vaccines for the poor. It has conducted major programs of field research on new vaccines against enteric infections, pneumonia, meningitis, dengue fever, and Japanese encephalitis in 29 countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It has also provided technical assistance in vaccine production, regulation, and evaluation to professionals in more than 20 countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The IVIs growth has been made possible by generous support from an increasing number of donors. In this respect, the Republic of Korea has played a pivotal role, providing a portion of the IVIs operating budget, as well as a headquarters building with state-of-the-art laboratories. On behalf of the IVI and the broader international community, I would like to extend profound gratitude to the government of Korea for its continuous support and generosity since the inception of the IVI. The wonderful support of the government of Korea to the IVI is no better typified than by the generosity of Koreas First Lady, Madam Kim Yoon-ok, in serving as the Honorary President of the Korea Support Committee for the IVI. With the completion of the beautiful IVI headquarters building in 2003, the Institute has launched an exciting laboratory sciences program. The laboratory program has already made significant scientific advances, including the development of novel adjuvants that have the potential to significantly increase the effectiveness of oral vaccines; the discovery of a new common protein antigen that could serve as a simple and inexpensive vaccine against shigellosis, a disease that kills 1 million children annually; the development of new animal models for Shigella to evaluate future shigellosis vaccines; discovery of an entirely new way of administering vaccines without injections sublingually; and the completed development of three new vaccines, one against cholera and two against typhoid fever, which have been transferred to producers in developing countries. The recent completion of a new Biosafety Level 3+ laboratory in our headquarters will also allow the IVI to develop vaccines against dangerous pathogens, including avian influenza (H5N1). In closing, I would like to acknowledge the importance to our programs of the collaboration of many institutions and individuals, from both the private and public sectors and from both the industrialized and developing worlds. And I would like to thank especially the scientists, public health officials, and other collaborators in developing countries who have allowed us to join with them in their work to reduce morbidity and mortality in their countries. It has been an honor to have shared the hopes and aspirations of these dedicated persons.

WHO WE AREIVIs Current Disease PrioritiesDiarrheal and enteric diseases: Cholera Typhoid/paratyphoid fever Shigellosis (bacterial dysentery) Rotavirus Respiratory infections and meningitis: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Pneumococcal disease Influenza (seasonal and pandemic) Tuberculosis

World economic prosperity is dependent upon global development, particularly in the worlds leastdeveloped countries. This can only be accomplished by ensuring the health of children. In 2008 it was estimated that 8.8 million children who were under five years old died. Of these child deaths, 98% occurred in developing countries and the majority was caused by infectious diseases. The International Vaccine Institute (IVI) is an international organization exclusively devoted to developing and introducing vaccines for people, especially children, in the worlds poorest countries. Created by the United Nations Development Programme, the IVI began formal operations as an independent international organization in 1997. Hosted by the Republic of Korea, the IVI has 40 countries and the World Health Organization as signatories to its charter to date. The IVIs comprehensive research programs address vaccines against neglected diseases that mainly affect developing countries such as enteric infections, bacterial causes of pneumonia and meningitis, dengue, influenza, tuberculosis, and Japanese encephalitis. Complementing its research, the IVI is actively engaged in training and technical assistance to enhance the capacity of developing countries in the vaccine sciences. This work is made possible through the governance and guidance of the Institutes Board of Trustees and Scientific Advisory Group, dedication and skill of the Institutes staff and collaborators, and support from international organizations, national governments, foundations, companies, and private individuals. The Republic of Korea, in particular, contributes to the Institutes operating budget and provided its state-of-the-art headquarters building on the campus of Seoul National University.

Vector-borne viral diseases: Dengue fever Japanese encephalitis

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WHERE WE WORK

John D. Clemens, M.D.

MONGOLIA DEMOCRATIC PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF KOREA CHINA BANGLADESH LAOS INDIA MYANMAR THAILAND NIGER GHANA TANZANIA MOZAMBIQUE ETHIOPIA SRI LANKA INDONESIA VIETNAM CAMBODIA MALAYSIA PHILIPPINES PANAMA COLOMBIA TAIWAN GUATEMALA EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA VENEZUELA REPUBLIC OF KOREA

PAKISTAN EGYPT

INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDREN AND THE FUTURE

BRAZIL

Sincerely,

IVIS BENCH TO FIELD APPROACH

The IVIs goal is accelerated development and deployment of new vaccines for the poor in

IVIs in-house capabilities and activities along the bench to field continuum Laboratory process development Assays development (immuno-monitoring) Technology transfer for large-scale production Clinical trials

developing countries. To accomplish its goal, the Institute uses an innovative bench to field strategy in which it conducts and coordinates activities all along the full continuum of vaccine discovery, vaccine development, and vaccine deployment. This is greatly facilitated by the Institutes in-house scientific and technical capacity in disciplines all along the continuum, as well as the Institutes multi-disease focus. This broad range of skill and capacity allows the IVI to: Develop a new or improved vaccine; Develop immunological assays and molecular analyses for use in the field; Conduct clinical trials of experimental vaccines; Conduct vaccine process and scale-up research; Transfer the technology for vaccine production to high-quality manufacturers; and Conduct demonstration projects of existing vaccines, epidemiological studies, economic and policy analyses, and socio-behavioral studies to provide the evidence needed to make vaccine introduction rational and economically sustainable, and to make the case for its use to global and national level policymakers, donor agencies, and the international health community.Genotyping of pathogens Novel antigens Novel adjuvants New delivery mechanisms New routes of administration

VACCINE DISCOVERY & DESIGN

VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

RESEARCH TO GENERATE EVIDENCE FOR POLICY

Collection of epidemiological, economic & socio-behavioral data Studies of vaccine feasibility, acceptance & field effectiveness Data synthesis (cost-effectiveness and impact analyses) and dissemination

RATIONAL AND SUSTAINABLE VACCINE INTRODUCTION

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2010HISTORICAL MILESTONESAPR 2010

1990Dr. John D, Clemens, Director General of the IVI, receives the Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal from the Sabin Vaccine Institute in recognition of his contributions to public health in the developing world and efforts in vaccine diplomacy. Launch of the shigellosis vaccine development program (Pan-Shigella Surface Protein 1 Sublingual Vaccine Against Dysentery Program) with a $2.5 million grant from PATH. Launch of the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa Program (TSAP) with a $7 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Launch of additional field studies of IVIs oral killed whole cell cholera vaccine to determine optimal use of the vaccine with a $7.5 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Licensure of IVIs oral killed whole cell cholera vaccine in India, making it the first vaccine developed under support by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to achieve licensure. Designer: Include Shanchol vial pic Inauguration of state-of-the-art immune-monitoring laboratory in Kolkata, India, jointly run by IVI and the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED).JAN 2009

Launch of the Policy and Economic Research Unit with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). Madam Kim Yoon-ok, First Lady of Korea, becomes the third Honorary President of the Korea Support Committee for the IVI. Completion of BSL3+ laboratory. Launch of the Vi-based Vaccines for Asia (VIVA) Initiative with an $11.9 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Commemoration of the 10th Anniversary. Launch of project to introduce vaccines for children in the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK). Launch of the Cholera Vaccine Initiative (CHOVI) with a $22 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. IVI Board of Trustees elects Prof. Ragnar Norrby as its new Chairman. Eighth Anniversary ceremony held in the presence of Koreas First Lady Madam Kwon Yang-suk. IVI headquarters building is inaugurated by President Roh Moohyun of the Republic of Korea.

SEPT 2004

Madam Kwon Yang-suk, First Lady of Korea, becomes the second Honorary President of the Korea Support Committee for IVI. Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI) receives a $55 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Opening of the new headquarters building, generously donated by the government of Korea, and initiation of IVIs new Laboratory Sciences Division. The Board of Trustees meets with Mr. Kim Dae-jung, President of the Republic of Korea, at the presidential office of Cheong Wa Dae. Launch of the Diseases of the Most Impoverished (DOMI) Program, with a $40 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Madam Lee Hee-ho, First Lady of Korea, becomes the first Honorary President of the Korea Support Committee for the IVI. The Board of Trustees appoints Dr. John D. Clemens as the first Director General of IVI. Inaugural meetings of the governing Board of Trustees and the Institute Support Council convene in Seoul, with Prof. Barry Bloom as the Boards first Chairman.

MAY 1997

IVIs Establishment Agreement goes into effect after receiving three ratifications at the United Nations Headquarters in New York. The government of the Republic of Korea (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development) sets up a special task force at Seoul National University for the establishment of the IVI (chaired by Prof. Park Sang-dai). UNDP opens an interim office of the IVI on the campus of Seoul National University in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The Site Selection Committee, meeting at UNDP, recommends that the IVI be located in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and that the Institute carry out its activities through close partnerships with centers of excellence in other countries in the region. Six Asian countries submit proposals to UNDP to host the IVI. Based on a feasibility study, a formal proposal to establish the IVI as an outgrowth of the CVI in a developing country in Asia is adopted by UNDP. The World Summit on Children at the United Nations adopts a declaration calling for concerted international action to promote childrens health in developing countries, leading to the creation of the Childrens Vaccine Initiative (CVI).

OCT 2008

JUL 2003

DEC 1995

JUN 2003

NOV 2009

OCT 2007

JAN 1995

MAR 2002

JUN 1994

INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDREN AND THE FUTURE

OCT 2009

MAY 2007

JAN 2000

FEB 2009

OCT 2006

APR 1999

MAR 1994

APR 2006

APR 1999

SEPT 1993

OCT 2005

OCT 1997

SEPT 1990

OCT 2004

IVIS ACHIEVEMENTS

Since its establishment in 1997, the IVI has: Established major research programs that address vaccines against enteric infections, bacterial causes of pneumonia and meningitis, dengue, influenza, tuberculosis, and Japanese encephalitis in 29 countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Established laboratory research dedicated to vaccine development, production, and technology transfer that is conducted at state-of-the-art laboratories at the IVI headquarters in Seoul, Korea. Developed an oral killed whole cell cholera vaccine that was licensed in India as Shanchol, making it the first vaccine developed under support by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to achieve licensure. Developed or co-developed two vaccines against typhoid fever, and successfully transferred the technology to developing country producers. Developed an innovative needle-free vaccine delivery route-under the tongue. Enhanced the capacity of developing country professionals in the vaccine sciences through training and technical assistance and through directly working with colleagues in developing countries on research collaborations. Organized and conducted for the past ten years a heavily subscribed annual course on vaccinology for professionals from developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Established a group of affiliated laboratories in Korea and a network of collaborating laboratories in Europe and the United States. Established a post-doctoral training program with IVIs collaborating laboratories network.

WHAT WE DO

In order to achieve rational adoption of new vaccines by developing countries in a timely and appropriate manner, the IVI has deployed a strategy that involves a full range of activities from the upstream (vaccine discovery and development) to the downstream (translational field research to generate evidence for policy) to make this happen. The IVIs in-house capacity in these areas is made possible through its programs in Translational Research and Laboratory Sciences, and state-ofthe-art laboratories including a Bio Safety Level 3+ (BSL3+) high-containment facility. A tight programmatic linkage exists between Laboratory Sciences and Translational Research, and is an integral part of IVIs success.

PROGRAMS OF THE IVI

Translational ResearchIVIs Translational Research programs conduct the diverse types of research needed to provide the evidence required by policymakers to introduce new vaccines into public health programs in developing countries. These studies include assessments of the disease burden and risk factors for specific diseases in different populations; clinical trials and demonstration projects of vaccines; economic analyses of the cost-effectiveness of introducing new vaccines; assessments of the public demand and willingness to pay for new vaccines; and policy assessments of the feasibility and financial sustainability of introducing new vaccines. The multi-disciplinary group of scientists in this division includes experts in epidemiology, clinical trials, computer science, biostatistics, economics, behavioral sciences, and policy analysis.

OUR PARTNERS

The IVIs global network of partnerships extends from the WHO to leading research centers and biotechnology and vaccine production companies both in industrialized and developing countries; national governments; and public and private health facilities.

08 / 09

IVI and the UN Millennium Development GoalsAt the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000, world leaders placed development at the heart of the global agenda by adopting the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which constitute an ambitious agenda to significantly improve the human condition. The MDGs set clear targets for reducing poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women by 2015. The IVI is actively working to make a valuable contribution to achieving the following four MDGs: MDG 1 : Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger By preventing unnecessary deaths and allowing people, especially children, to lead healthy lives, the IVI contributes to alleviating poverty and strengthening economies. MDG 4 : Reduce child mortality and MDG 6 : Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases The research programs at the IVI contribute to the target of reducing by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate by accelerating the introduction of new-generation vaccines against diarrhea and respiratory infections, and against Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever. Together these diseases claim the lives of over four million persons each year, most of whom are children living in impoverished conditions in developing countries. MDG 8 : Develop a global partnership for development The mission of the IVI is to develop and accelerate the introduction of new vaccines at affordable prices into the public health programs of developing countries. The IVI facilitates the transfer of vaccine technology to pharmaceutical companies in developing countries to create cost-effective vaccines for the worlds poor. The Institute also provides training and technical assistance for the clinical evaluation of vaccines and vaccine production and regulation to professionals in developing countries.Cholera Vaccine ProgramSupport from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Government of the Republic of Korea, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), and LG Electronics. This program focuses on the field testing of new or modified oral cholera vaccines under the Cholera Vaccine Initiative (CHOVI) funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; and on gathering and synthesizing evidence for policymakers on the incidence and economic burden of cholera, and the feasibility, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and population demand for new-generation oral cholera vaccines to control endemic cholera and cholera outbreaks. CHOVI conducts field trials-including an efficacy study in Kolkata, India involving 67,000 children and adults-for a low-cost two-dose killed whole cell oral cholera vaccine modified by the IVI, which was transferred to a producer in India and was licensed in 2009 as Shanchol. CHOVI also coordinates the clinical development of a one-dose liveattenuated oral cholera vaccine candidate, Peru-15. The Cholera Vaccine Program also conducts policy and advocacy-related activities, including developing a global cholera vaccine investment case, co-organizing international and national level meetings for policymakers, and providing support to countries that have decided to test the introduction of cholera vaccines in high-risk areas.

INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDREN AND THE FUTURE

Typhoid Vaccine ProgramSupport from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sida, Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), sanofi pasteur, Crucell, Shantha Biotechnics, GlaxoSmithKline, and Bharat Biotech. This programs goal is to accelerate the development and introduction of new and under-utilized new-generation vaccines against typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in countries where these diseases are endemic. The program manages the Vi-based Vaccines for Asia (VIVA) Initiative, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which coordinates the technology transfer and clinical development of a newer-generation Vi conjugate vaccine, conducts the pilot introduction of Vi vaccine in Pakistan and Nepal, and is preparing an investment case for typhoid vaccination for the international health community, donors, and country policymakers. VIVA is a follow-up to IVIs Diseases of the Most Impoverished (DOMI) Program, which created a body of new evidence on the magnitude and economic burden of typhoid fever in Asian countries and on the effectiveness, feasibility, costeffectiveness, and population demand for vaccination using the Vi polysaccharide vaccine-evidence that played a critical role in the development of new WHO recommendations for typhoid immunization in endemic countries issued in 2008. The Typhoid Vaccine Program also coordinates surveillance studies in several sites in Africa to determine the extent to

which typhoid fever is a public health problem, and it recently launched the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa Program (TSAP), with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, to conduct sentinel site surveillance of typhoid fever in up to 15 African countries.

LABORATORY SCIENCES

Rotavirus Diarrhea Vaccine ProgramSupport from Merck, the Rotavirus Vaccine Program at PATH, US National Institutes of Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, US CDC Foundation, World Health Organization, Sida, Shinhan Bank of Korea, and the Government of the Republic of Korea. The program conducts research on the disease incidence and epidemiological patterns of rotavirus diarrhea in several Asian countries, and assists with the field evaluation of rotavirus vaccines-including an efficacy trial of the RotaTeq vaccine in Vietnam.

The Laboratory Sciences programs have more than 50 scientific staff and over 10 senior scientists trained in areas spanning from molecular biology to microbiology, bioinformatics, mucosal immunology, clinical immunology, and vaccine production. Equipped with stateof-the-art equipment, the IVIs laboratories also include a combined (animal/clinical) high security (BSL3+) laboratory for conducting studies on dangerous pathogens. The Laboratory Sciences programs conduct quality-controlled assays and procedures for typing microbes from field isolates and conduct technology transfer activities to affiliated laboratories in developing countries. Extensive efforts are being devoted to designing novel cost-effective vaccine formulations amenable to large-scale production, as well as novel adjuvant molecules for enhancing vaccine potency.

Vaccine Product Development and Technology Transfer DepartmentPediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI)Support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sida, and the Government of the Republic of Korea, and the Rockefeller Foundation. PDVI is a product development partnership (PDP) designed to accelerate the introduction of safe and effective dengue vaccines in dengue-endemic countries. The Initiative, which operates in several countries in Asia and Latin America, supports: a) the development of dengue vaccine candidates, dengue diagnostic tests, and assays; b) the development of field sites for dengue vaccine trials and the conduct of disease surveillance, socio-behavioral studies and other activities to support these trials; and c) laboratory research into the mechanisms of immunity against dengue to inform the development of dengue vaccines and improved diagnostic and immunological assays. The Initiative also conducts research and advocacy activities to ensure that developing countries have access to dengue vaccines once they become available. These activities include establishing regional Dengue Prevention Boards in Asia and the Americas; working with regulators to facilitate approval of dengue clinical trials and dengue vaccines; compiling evidence needed by policymakers to make decisions about the use of dengue vaccines; and coordinating plans with partners regarding the future production, procurement, distribution and financing of dengue vaccines.

Support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea, LG Corporation, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), and UBS Optimus Foundation. The goal of Vaccine Product Development and Technology Transfer is to develop new or improve existing vaccines and vaccine manufacturing technology, and to make them available to qualified producers in developing countries. The program works to maximize the yield of vaccine antigens and to optimize the purification of these antigens to help keep manufacturing costs low, thereby making vaccines more affordable for use in developing countries. The program also develops quality control assays for vaccines to ensure that the final product meets quality standards. Finally, the program works with developing country producers and national regulatory authorities to ensure a smooth technology transfer process, and conducts capacity-building and training activities as well.

US CDC

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Specific vaccines the Vaccine Product Development and Technology Transfer Department is working onModified killed whole cell oral cholera vaccine - The IVI modified a vaccine that was produced and used only in Vietnam so that it complies with WHO guidelines for quality production standards. The new vaccine formulation was found in Phase II clinical trials in Vietnam and India to be safe and to elicit a stronger immune response in adults and children than the previous vaccine. A vaccine producer in India was selected to be the first producer for the technology transfer of this vaccine, which is now licensed in India under the trade name ShancholTM and is being evaluated in a Phase III clinical trial in Kolkata, India. This work is being conducted under the Cholera Vaccine Initiative (CHOVI). Vi-DT conjugate typhoid fever vaccine - In collaboration with the US National Institutes of Health, the IVI developed a Vi conjugate vaccine using diphtheria toxoid (DT) as the carrier protein. This work, including the technology transfer of the vaccine to a producer in India and clinical testing in India, is being conducted through the Vi-based Vaccines for Asia (VIVA) Initiative. High-yield Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever - The IVI optimized the production, yield, purification, and testing of this vaccine. These improvements have resulted in a purer, more uniform product that produces three times the amount of Vi over standard batch culture methods. These improved technologies, which will help to keep manufacturing costs to a minimum while also meeting GMP requirements, were transferred to selected developing country vaccine producers. Paratyphoid A-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine - In response to the emergence of paratyphoid A fever in China and other Asian countries, the IVI is developing a conjugate vaccine using diphtheria toxoid (DT) as the carrier protein. The eventual goal is to develop a bivalent Vi-DT and paratyphoid A-DT conjugate vaccine against enteric fever that will be available for technology transfer to developing country manufacturers.

Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK) ProgramSupport from the Ministry of Unification of the Republic of Korea and Sida. The DPRK Program provides technical assistance and training to North Korean scientists and public health professionals to strengthen the countrys capacity to conduct laboratory diagnosis and surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) and Japanese encephalitis, and to accelerate control of these infections through vaccination.

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Vaccine ProgramSupport from Sida, the Government of the Republic of Korea, SK Telecom, Goldwin Korea, and the Community Chest of Korea. The JE Vaccine Program undertakes JE disease burden studies, JE vaccine demonstration projects, and assessments of vaccine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in order to support the introduction of JE vaccines into JE-affected countries in Asia and to improve existing JE immunization programs.

Respiratory Pathogens Vaccine Program INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDREN AND THE FUTURESupport from the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), Pfizer, sanofi pasteur, Sida, the World Health Organization, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This program generates evidence of the disease and economic burden of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia-caused by Hib, meningococcal disease, and pneumococcal disease (Streptococcus pneumoniae )-and of influenza to inform policy decisions regarding the use of vaccines against these pathogens. It also assists public health programs in implementing vaccination programs to combat these diseases.

Department of ImmunologySupport from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sida, Korea Foundation for International Scientific Cooperation and Technology (KICOS), Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Research Foundation of Korea, Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Indian Council of Medical Research.

Supporting Independent Immunization and Vaccine Advisory Committees (SIVAC) InitiativeSupport from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. SIVAC is a seven-year project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through a grant to Agence de Mdecine Prventive (AMP) in France in partnership with the IVI. The Initiative assists countries in Africa and Asia to establish or strengthen national technical advisory committees in order to improve their ability to make evidence-based decisions regarding the introduction of new vaccines and other immunization program improvements.

Mucosal Immunology Program The Mucosal Immunology Program studies the mechanisms of induction and expression of immune responses in mucosal tissues and develops needle-free vaccines against enteric and respiratory pathogens with a focus on vaccines delivered sublingually (under the tongue). The program will also initiate Phase I studies of sublingual vaccination using an influenza and a cholera vaccine in healthy adult volunteers, which will be among the first studies of sublingual vaccination in humans. The program has also embarked on research on why live oral vaccines have lower effectiveness in children in developing countries and the role of micronutrient deficiencies in immune responses to oral vaccines.

Clinical Immunology Program The Clinical Immunology Program develops and evaluates assays and diagnostic tests for enteric and respiratory infections to diagnose these diseases and to measure immune responses to vaccines (immune-monitoring). A state-of-the-art clinical testing laboratory, which was inaugurated in Kolkata, India, will serve as a unique resource for developing and testing vaccines against diseases endemic in developing countries. This laboratory, established jointly by the IVI and the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) and funded by Sida, the Republic of Korean, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, will also serve as a resource for research and training of scientists from India and other developing countries.US CDC

TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Support from the Government of the Republic of Korea, AusAID, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rockefeller Foundation, Sartorius AG, Government of Kuwait, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Merck Vaccines, and Korea Exchange Bank (KEB) Foundation.A feature frequently overlooked in vaccine efforts for the developing world is the importance of training and capacity-building. The IVI recognizes the significance of training and capacity-building for its developing country partners, which is crucial for enhancing the sustainability of vaccination programs. Thus a key element of IVIs strategy to accelerating the deployment of vaccines in developing countries is a strong focus on training and technical assistance. IVIs training and technical assistance activities range from formal didactic workshops to informal hands-on training. The IVI provides training on modern methods and standards for vaccine production and evaluation, as well as on research methods needed to generate evidence to inform vaccine policy. The Institute also provides technical assistance to vaccine producers in developing countries for the production of new vaccines and participates as a trainer in the Global Training Network of the World Health Organization. The aim of all of these activities is to increase the capacity of developing country professionals in the vaccine sciences.

Neonatal Immunology Program The Neonatal Immunology Program studies how the immune system develops early in life and learns to recognize and respond to vaccines administered at birth or during early infancy. The program focuses on mucosal vaccines against respiratory pathogens such as tuberculosis and diarrhea-causing pathogens such as Shigella and rotavirus.

Department of MicrobiologyUS CDC

Support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Korea Foundation for International Scientific Cooperation and Technology (KICOS), Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Research Council of Fundamental Science and Technology, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Research Foundation of Korea, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), PATH, and Woongji Corporation.

Molecular Vaccinology Program The Molecular Vaccinology Program uses molecular biology tools to discover new vaccine antigens, novel adjuvants to enhance vaccine potency, and new vectors for delivering vaccines such as adenoviruses. The program has focused on the development of a universal shigellosis (bacterial dysentery) vaccine that provides protection across the four Shigella species and 37 serotypes of the disease, utilizing PSSP-1, a new protein antigen common in Shigella that the IVI discovered. The PSSP-1 protein has been engineered, purified, and tested in animals with promising results, and there are plans to begin testing of the PSSP-1 common protein-based vaccine against shigellosis, including Phase I/II trials, with funding from PATH. In addition, work has focused on the development of a novel adjuvant for mucosal vaccines made from a cholera toxin that has been engineered to be non-toxic, and the development of novel experimental common protein vaccines that provide cross-protection against pandemic and seasonal influenza.

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Pathogen Discovery and Molecular Epidemiology Program This program conducts genotyping of pathogens causing enteric and respiratory diseases and studies at the molecular level the mechanisms that cause disease of certain infections with the aim of identifying targets for new vaccines. Work has focused on tracing the evolution of Vibrio cholerae , which led to discoveries on how new cholera strains emerged, including the new hybrid El Tor strains currently circulating in Asia and Africa, and on a global epidemiological analysis of Shigella .

Key activities: The Annual International Advanced Course on Vaccinology in the Asia-Pacific Region, a six-day vaccinology course held at the IVI headquarters in Seoul, which provides an overview of the vaccine sciences from the principles of vaccine design to policy issues. Running for 10 years, the course has successfully trained countless scientists, public health officials, and decision makers from developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Major international symposia hosted by the IVI have included the first symposium on human papillomavirus vaccination in the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions, pneumococcal vaccination in the Asia-Pacific region, and hepatitis E. Training on Good Clinical Laboratory Practices (GCLP) at the IVI/National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) immune-monitoring laboratory in Kolkata, India in collaboration with WHO Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). Training of North Korean scientists in laboratory-based methods for diagnosis of Hib and Japanese encephalitis and in epidemiology, surveillance and vaccine evaluation. Training on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in vaccine production (China, Vietnam). Training on production and lot release testing of killed, oral cholera and Vi polysaccharide vaccines (China, Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Pakistan). Training on Good Clinical Practice (GCP) standards and methods for trials of vaccines in humans (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam). Post-doctoral training in vaccine sciences (France, Republic of Korea, Sweden, United States, Japan, Vietnam, Mongolia). Workshops on data management methods, microbiological techniques, and social science methods for field studies of vaccines (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Mozambique, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam). The Scholars in Residence Program, in which world-renowned scientists are invited to the IVI on a regular basis to give lectures and to share their expertise with IVI scientists and the Korean scientific community. Clinical trials training course for the Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network (DCVMN) (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, South Africa, Vietnam).

INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDREN AND THE FUTURE

DONORS

Core funding to the IVI is provided by the governments of the Republic of Korea, Kuwait, and Sweden. In addition, publicand private-sector donors provide support for the Institutes research and programs. Countless individuals also provide support to the IVI. While there are too many individuals to list, their generosity is deeply appreciated.MAJOR DONORS Government & foundations & non-profit organizations :Arizona State University, USA AusAID Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation European Union Government of Kuwait The GAVI Alliance Indian Council of Medical Research, India Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Johns Hopkins University (PneumoADIP) Korean Government & organizations - Community Chest of Korea - Korea Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University - Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Korea Exchange Bank (KEB) Foundation - Korea Health Industry Development Institute - Korea Institute of Tuberculosis - Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) - Korea Research Council of Fundamental Science and Technology (KRCF) - Korea Research Foundation - Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology - Korea Rural Development Administration - Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology - Ministry of Health and Welfare - Ministry of Unification - Seoul National University - Yanghyun Foundation Nagasaki University, Japan Netherlands Vaccine Institute, The Netherlands

Korea Support Committee (KSC)A large number of prominent Korean citizens have joined together to form the Korea Support Committee (KSC) for the IVI. The Committee is a vehicle for mobilizing resources within Korea and is under the leadership of Koreas First Lady, Madam Kim Yoon-ok.

PATH (Program for Appropriate Technology in Health) PneumoADIP/Johns Hopkins University, USA Portland State University, USA Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), USA Rockefeller Foundation, USA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Sweden U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) U.S. National Institutes of Health (USNIH) U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) UBS Optimus Foundation, Switzerland United Nations (UNDESA) United Nations Development Program (UNDP) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA US CDC Foundation, USA US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Wellcome Trust World Health Organization (WHO)

PARTNERS

Cuba : Instituto of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea : Academy of Medical Sciences; Ministry of Public Health France : Agence de Mdecine Prventive (AMP); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Epicentre; LInstitut National de la Rcherche Agronomique (INRA); Institut National de la Sant et de Recherche Mdicale (INSERM); Institut Pasteur; sanofi pasteur Germany : Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine; Sartorius AG Ghana : Agogo Presbytarian Hospital; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine; School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (KNUST) Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong India : Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS); Bharat Biotech; Biological E; Christian Medical College; Indian Academy of Paediatrics; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health; Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences; Malankara Orthodox Syrian Christian Medical College Hospital; Ministry of Health; MOSC Medical College Hospital; National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases (NICED); National Rotavirus Reference Laboratory (Vellore); National Rural Health Mission of India, Kochi; Panacea Biotec; Regional Medical Research Center (Bhubaneswar, Orissa); Shantha Biotechnics; Society for Applied Studies; Vani Vilas Hospital Indonesia : BioFarma; Centers for Disease Control & Environmental Health, Ministry of Health; RS Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya; RS Hasan Sadirin Hospital, Bandung; National Institute of Health Research & Development; Provincial Center for Disease Control, Bali; Sanglah Hospital, Bali; Udayana University

Nepal : Ministry of Health; Patan Hospital (Kathmandu) Niger : Maradi Regional Health Department; Ministry of Health; Tillaberi Regional Health Department Nicaragua : Ministry of Health Pakistan : Aga Khan University; Amson Pharmaceuticals; Karachi City District Government; Ministry of Education, Sindh Province; Ministry of Health; Ministry of Health, Sindh Province Panama : PAHO Regional Office Peoples Republic of China : Changchun Institute of Genetic Engineering Pharmaceuticals; Chinese Centers for Disease Control; Dr. Du Yuping; Fudan University; Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hechi City Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Jiangsu Provincial Anti-Epidemic Center; Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products; Sinovac Biotech; Wuhan Institute of Biological Products; Xiamen University Philippines : Cebu Institute of Medicine; Philippine Childrens Medical Center; Philippine General Hospital; Philippine Health Insurance Corporation; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine Republic of Korea : Ansan Hospital, Korea University; Asan Medical Center; Chonbuk National University School of Medicine; Celltrion; Chonnam National University; CJ Corporation; Edelman Korea; Green Cross Vaccines; Institut Pasteur Korea; Jeju City hospitals (Halla, HanKook, Hanmeun, Jeju JungAng); Jeju National University Hospital; Jeju Public Health Center; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Korea Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University; Korea Biotechnology Commercialization Center (KBCC); Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA); Korea Science and Engineering Foundation; Korea Center for Disease Control; Korea Foundation for International Cooperation of Science and Technology; Korea Institute of Tuberculosis; Korea National Institutes of Health; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Kyungpook National University; LG Sciences; Mogam Institute; National Health Insurance Research Institute, National Health Insurance Corporation; National Research Foundation of Korea; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Seoul National University; Standard Diagnostics; Sungkyunkwan University; Yonsei University Singapore : K.K. Womens and Childrens Hospital; Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases; Pharm-Olam International; Quintilex East Asia Ptd. Ltd. Sri Lanka : Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health; Institut Pasteur Sri Lanka; Lady Ridgeway Hospital; Sengee Gantuya Sweden: Crucell/SBL; Mabtech; University of Gothenburg Switzerland : Crucell/Berna Biotech; Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Medecins sans Frontieres; Novartis; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Anna Wang Taiwan : National Health Research Institute

Private-sector organizations & individualsAce Membership Transaction Co., Amway Korea, Cartier Korea, Bioland Ltd., Brand New Clinic, British International Kindergarten, Contron Co., Daewon Housing Co., DALA Holdings Co., Ltd., Dongmoon Construction, Dongyang Construction, eB Co. Ltd., Emergent Europe, Genesis,, GlaxoSmithKline, Goldwin Korea, Green Cross, GS Caltex, Hanbak CNT, Hankook Ilbo Media Group, Hwasankikong,, High1 Resort, Hyundai Engineering & Construction, Hyundai Heavy Industries, J. Roseroco New York, His Way Church, Kihung Tour, Korea Kids Carnival, Korea Public., Korean Air., KTB Assets Management, KTRD, KTS&C, Kumho Asiana, Kyung Nong, Lee Kyung Min Foret, Lee Sang Hee & Friends, LG Electronics, LIG, Maiim, Membership magazine HEREN, Merck & Co., Mindalive, Mobileland, Molecular Biology Group, Mr.Kkang Company, New Kyunggi Tour, Nonghyup (SNU Branch), Orange Engineering, Orbis Intl Fashion, Pal-do Chung, Samyang Corp., Sang-bum Lee, sanofi pasteur, Sartorius AG, Sartorius Korea Biotech Co., td., SBL Vaccines, SC First Bank, Shin Han Bank, Shin Il Co., Shinpyung C&D, Sigong Tech, SK Telecom, SK, Sky72 Golf Club, Smile Future Dental Clinic, S-Oil, Solomon Mutual Saving Bank, St. Peters Hospital, STC, Wan-kyoo Cho, Wonbang Enterprises Co., Ltd, Woongin, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Young Joe E&C, Youngone Trade .

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Madam Lee Hee-ho, former First Lady of the Republic of Korea who served as the first Honorary President of the KSC for IVI, poses with IVI Board members, KSC members and IVI staff at the presidential office in August 1999.

Australia : Inverness Medical; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Panbio; Queensland Institute of Medical Research Bangladesh : Bangladesh Institute of Child Health; Children Health Research Foundation; Dhaka Shishu Hospital; Dhaka Shishu Shasthya Foundation Hospital; ICDDR,B; Kumudini Womens Hospital, Mirzapur Belgium : GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)

Japan : Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University; Life Sciences Division, Pentax New Ceramics Division of Hoya Corporation; Tokyo University; University of Ryukyus Kazakhstan : EZ Solution Agency Kenya : Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Kyrgyzstan : Ministry of Health

INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDREN AND THE FUTURE

Madam Kwon Yang-suk, former First Lady of the Republic of Korea who served as the second Honorary President of the KSC for the IVI, greets IVI Director-General Dr. John Clemens, at the presidential office.

Brazil : BioManguinhos; Butantan Institute; Ministry of Health Cambodia : Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur; Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health; National Dengue Control Program, Ministry of Health; National Pediatric Hospital; US Naval Medical Research Unit 2 Canada : University of Saskatchewan; University of Western Ontario Colombia : Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical CES; Ministry of HealthMadam Kim Yoon-ok, First Lady of the Republic of Korea, currently serves as the Honorary President of the KSC.

Lao PDR : Mahosot Hospital; National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia : Hospital University Sains Malaysia (HUSM); Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZII); Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan; Usains Tech Services SDN Mongolia : Maternal and Child Health Hospital; Ministry of Health; Sukhbaatar District Hospital Mozambique : CHAEMS, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Science and Technology Myanmar: Department of Medical Research

Tanzania : Health Sector Programme Support of Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA); National Institute of Medical Research; Public Health LaboratoryIvo de Carneri; Hospital Teule (Muheza); Zanzibar Malaria Research Unit of the Karolinska Institute (ZAMRUKI); Zanzibar Ministry of Health & Social Welfare Thailand : Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (AFRIMS); Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health; Center for Vaccine Development, Mahidol University; Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University; Kamphaeng Phet-AFRIMS Virology Research Unit (KAVRU); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University United Kingdom : Emergent Biosolutions, Inc; Health Protection Agency; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; National Institute of Biological Standards & Control; Oxford University; Robert Gordon University; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute United States : Applied Strategies; Arizona State University; Bio-Rad; Biodevelopments - International Institute; Brandeis University; Celldex Therapeutics; Colorado State University; Emmes Co., Ltd.; Family Health International; Focus Diagnostics; Food & Drug Administration; Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases; Harvard University; Hawaii Biotech, Inc.; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; InViragen LLC; Institute for Genomic Research; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Los Alamos Joint Genome Research Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Merck & Co; National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH; Pfizer, Inc.; Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH); Project Resource Group; Purdue University; Quest Diagnostics; Quintiles; Scripps Research Institute; University of California, Berkeley; University of

Hawaii; University of Maryland; University of Michigan; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; University of Rochester Medical Center; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; University of Wisconsin; US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR); Washington University; Wayne State University; Roy Widdus Venezuela : Epidemiological Surveillance Headquarters, Ministry of Health & Social Welfare Vietnam : Hai Phong Childrens Hospital; Hanoi Tuberculosis Hospital; Ha Tay Health Services; Khanh Hoa General Hospital; Khanh Hoa Health Services; Ha Tay Provincial Preventive Medicine Center; Institut Pasteur Nha Trang; Institute for Vaccines & Other Biological Substances (IVAC); Institut Pasteur Ho Chi Minh City; Khanh Hoa Tuberculosis Hospital; National Institute of Hygiene & Epidemiology (NIHE); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit; VaBiotech; Vinh Phuc Provincial Hospital; Vinh Phuc Provincial Preventive Medicine Center International : Asia-Pacific International Molecular Biology Network (A-IMBN); Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network (DCVMN); GAVI Alliance; PanAmerican Health Organization (PAHO); UNICEF-UNDPWorld Bank-WHO Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR); World Health Organization (WHO); WHO Developing Countries Vaccine Regulators Network; WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR); WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO); WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO); WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO)

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Prof. Ragnar Norrby Chairman Director General Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control Stockholm, Sweden Ms. Ji-ah Paik Director-General International Organizations Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Republic of Korea Dr. John D. Clemens Director-General International Vaccine Institute Seoul, Republic of Korea Dr. Young-soo Shin Regional Director WHO Western Pacific Regional Office(WPRO) Manila, Philippines Mr. Kidong Song Director-General International Cooperation Bureau Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, Republic of Korea Mr. George Bickerstaff Member, GAVI Alliances board Managing Director of CRT Capital Group, LLC, CT, USA Dr. Margaret Ann Liu ProTherimmune CA, USA Visiting professor Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden To be appointed The GAVI Alliance Geneva, Switzerland Romulo Garcia Director, Northeast Asia and Mekong Division, Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, UNDP, New York, USA

Dr. Margaret Chan (or her nominee) Director-General World Health Organization Avenue, Geneva, Switzerland Mr. Vijay B. Samant President and CEO Vical, Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA Dr. Roger Glass Director, Fogarty International Center Associate Director for International Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Dr. Francisco Songane Former Director Partnership for Maternal Newborn and Child Health (PMNCH) Geneva, Switzerland Dr. Nguyen Tran Hien Director, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology Faculty of Public Health, Hanoi Medical University Hanoi, Vietnam Dr. Juhani Eskola National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland Prof. Peter Martins Ndumbe Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Molyko-BueaSouth West Region, Cameroon Prof. Adel A.F. Mahmoud Department of Molecular Biology and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

Prof. Barry R. Bloom - Chairman Emeritus Former Dean, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts, USA

REPRESENTING MEMBER COUNTRIES Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch Director-General of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Secretary to Government of India, Department of Health Research New Delhi, India Prof. Claire J. P. Boog Scientific Director Netherlands Vaccine Institute AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands Dr. Carlos Segovia Deputy Director, International Research Programs and Institutional Relations Instituto de Salud Carlos III Ministry of Health and Consumption Madrid, Spain Dr. Ann-Mari Larsdotter Svennerholm Professor Department of Microbiology and Immunology Goteborg University Sweden Dr. Akira Homma Director, Institute of Technology for Immunologicals Bio-Manguinhos of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDREN AND THE FUTURE

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SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY GROUP

Prof. Robert E. Black (Chairman) Professor, International Health Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. Dr. Costante Ceccarini S.C. Catignano Siena, Italy Prof. Ian David Gust Emeritus Professor Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria Australia Prof. Jan Holmgren Professor Gothenburg University Vaccine Research Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology Gothenburg University Gothenburg, Sweden Dr. Marie-Paule Kieny Director Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR) World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, Switzerland Prof. Byoung S. Kwon Endowed Investigator Division of Cell and Immunobiology R&D Center for Cancer Therapeutics National Cancer Center Ilsan District, Goyang, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea

Prof. Ira M. Longini Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. Prof. Jacques Louis Professor Emeritus Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Director Emeritus, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Prof. Moon H. Nahm Professor, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology Director of the Clinical Immunology Laboratory University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A. Dr. G. Balakrish Nair Director National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) Kolkata, India Prof. Pearay L. Ogra John Sealy Distinguished Chair Professor and Chairman (Emeritus) Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Medical Branch: Professor of Pediatrics State University of New York at Buffalo Childrens Hospital Buffalo, New York, U.S.A.

Prof. Peter Smith Department of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, U.K. Dr. Yoshifumi Takeda Director Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) Kolkata, India

FACILITIES COMMITTEE Prof. Gordon Dougan Principal Research Scientist Member of the Board of Management The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Cambridge, U.K. Prof. Margaret A. Liu ProTherImmune Visiting Professor of Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Lafayette, California, U.S.A.

SIGNATORY COUNTRIES TO THE IVIS ESTABLISHMENT AGREEMENT(40 countries and WHO, as of October 2010)

Bangladesh

Bhutan

Brazil

China

Cote dlvoire

Ecuador

Egypt

India

Indonesia

Israel

Jamaica

Kazakhstan

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Lebanon

Liberia

Malta

Mongolia

Myanmar

Nepal

Netherlands

Oman

Pakistan

Panama

Papua New Guinea

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Peru

Philippines

Republic of Korea

Romania

Senegal

Slovak Republic

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sweden

Tajikistan

Thailand

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Uzbekistan

Vietnam

World Health Organization

INVESTING IN VACCINES CHILDREN AND THE FUTURE