#4.0C# 4.0
TheCompleteReferenceHERBERT SCHILDT
Do more.Learn more.MHPROFESSIONAL.COM#4.0
- 2011 32.973.26-018.2.75 57 681.3.07 "". .. .. ""
:[email protected], http://www.williamspublishing.com,
.57 C# 4.0: . : . . . : ".. ", 2011. 1056 .: . . . .ISBN
978-5-8459-1684-6 (.)
32.973.26-018.2.75 . , , , McGrow-Hill Higher Ed.Authorized
translation from the English language edition published by
McGraw-Hill Companies, Copyright 2010All rights reserved. Except as
permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any
means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the
prior written permission of publisher, with the exception that the
program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer
system, but they may not be reproduced for publication.Russian
language edition published by Williams Publishing House according
to the Agreement with R&I Enterprises International, Copyright
2011- C# 4.0:
.. .. .. . 17.09.2010. 70x100/16. Times. .. . . 85,14. .-. .
51,55. 1500 . 24007. CtP " " . . . 197110, -, ., 15. ". . ",
127055, . , . , . 43, . 1ISBN 978-5-8459-1684-6 (.) "", 2011ISBN
0-07-174116- (.) by The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2010
2325. #29 1. C#31 2. C#41 3. , 67 4. 97 5. 121 6. , 147 7. 177
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100; // ivar 100dvar = 100.0; // dvar 100.0Console.WriteLine("
ivar: " + ivar);Console.WriteLine(" dvar: " +
dvar);Console.WriteLine(); // // 3. ivar = ivar / 3; dvar = dvar /
3.0; -Console.WriteLine(" ivar : " + ivar);Console.WriteLine(" dvar
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0;// , num . for(i=2; i class Comma {static void Main() { int i,
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num. j . num , 2. , , i j, . . , for, , bool. . for done.// bool,
using System;class forDemo {static void Main() {int i, j;bool done
= false;for(i=0, j=100; !done; i++, j){if(i*i >= j) done =
true;Console.WriteLine("i, j: " + i + " " + j);}}} .i, j: 0 100 i,
j: 1 99 i, j: 2 98 i, j: 3 97 i, j: 4 96 i, j: 5 95 i, j: 6 94 i,
j: 7 93 i, j: 8 92 i, j: 9 91 i, j: 10 90
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e;}Console.WriteLine ("2 " + i + " " + result);}}} .2 0 1 2 1 2 2 2
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Main() { int num; int nextdigit;num = 198;Console.WriteLine(": " +
num);Console.Write(" : "); do {nextdigit = num %
10;Console.Write(nextdigit); num = num / 10;} while(num > 0)
;Console.WriteLine() ;}} .: 198 : 891 . ( num) 10. . num 10. , . ,
num . f oreach f oreach , . C# , . f oreach 7, . break break , , .
break, , , . .// break .using System;class BreakDemo {static void
Main() {// break . for(int i=10; i 0) break; // , // i Console
.Write (i + " ") ;.}Console .-WriteLine (" ! ") ;} .-10 -9 -8 -7 -6
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 ! , for -10 10, , , break , i . break , #. ,
do-while.// break do-while, using System;*class BreakDemo2 { static
void Main() { int i;i = -10;do {if (i > 0) break;Console.Write(i
+ " ") ; i++ ;} while (i = numsl.Length) // , // nums2 for(i=0,
j=numsl.Length-1; i < numsl.Length; i++, j--) nums2[j] =
numsl[i];Console.Write(" : "); for(i=0; i < nums2.Length;
i++)Console.Write(nums2[i] + " ");Console.WriteLine();}} . :
0123456789 : 9876543210 Length . - , , . -, for, . , Length, , .
Length Length . , . , () , .// Length // .using System;class Jagged
{static void Main() {int[][] network_nodes = new int[4][];
network_nodes[0] = new int[3]; network_nodes[1] = new int[7];
network_nodes[2] = new int[2]; network_nodes[3] = new int[5];int i,
j;// . for(i=0; i < network_nodes.Length; i++)for(j=0; j <
network_nodes[i].Length; j++) network_nodes[i][j] = i * j +
70;Console.WriteLine(" : " + network_nodes.Length + "\n");for(i=0;
i < network_nodes.Length; i++){for(j=0; j <
network_nodes[i].Length; j++){Console.Write(" " + i +" " + j + ":
");Console.Write(network_nodes[i][j] + "% ");Console.WriteLine
();}Console.WriteLine();}} . :: 4
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, Length network_nodes. , . , network_nodes.Length ,
network_nodes ( ). , , .network_nodes[0].Length . 3, C# 3.0 var. ,
, . , . , . , , LINQ, 19. "" . #. var, [ ]. , - , . . .var vals =
new[]{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; int, . vals. , int , . , [ ]. , , . . ,
double.var vals = new[,] { {1.1, 2.2}, {3.3, 4.4}, { 5.5, 6.6} };
vals 2x3. . .// .using System;class Jagged {static void Main() {var
jagged = new[]{new [ ] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, new[] { 9, 8, 7 }, new[] {
11, 12, 13, 14, 15 }};for(int j =0; j < jagged.Length;
j++){for(int i-0; i < jagged[j].Length;
i++)Console.Write(jaggedfj][i] + " ");Console.WriteLine();}} .12 3
49 8 711 12 13 14 15 j agged.var jagged = new[]{new [ ] { 1, 2, 3,
4 }, new[]{ 9, 8, 7 },new [ ] { 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 }
# I. C#
# !. #
7. #}; , new [ ] . -, . -, , . , . , , . , LINQ- . . f oreach 5,
C# f oreach, . . f oreach , . C# , . foreach.foreach ( __ in ) ; __
, foreach. , . , . , var. , . , . , , . foreach . , . , . , . ,
foreach ., , , foreach . , , , . foreach. , , .// foreach.using
System;class ForeachDemo { static void Main() {int sum = 0;int[]
nums = new int [10];// nums. for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) nums[i]
= i;// foreach // , foreach(int in nums) {Console.WriteLine(" : " +
); sum += ;Console.WriteLine(" : " + sum); .:0
:1
:2
:3
:4
:5
:6
:7
:8
:9
: 45
, foreach . foreach , , , break. , nums.// break foreach.using
System;class ForeachDemo { static void Main() { int sum = 0;int[]
nums = new int [10];// nums. for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) nums[i]
= i;// foreach // .foreach(int in nums) {Console.WriteLine(" : " +
); sum += ;if( == 4) break; // , 4}Console.WriteLine(" 5 : " +
sum); . : : 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 5 : 10 , foreach . foreach . , .//
foreach .using System;class ForeachDemo2 { static void Main() { int
sum = 0;int[,] nums = new int*[3,5];// nums. for (int i = 0; i <
3; i++) for (int j=0; j < 5; j++) nums[i,j] = (i+l)*(j+l);//
foreach // , foreach(int in nums) {Console.WriteLine(" : " + ); sum
+= ;}Console.WriteLine(" : " + sum); . : 1 : 2 : 3 : 4:5
:2
:4
:6
:8
:10
:3
:6
:9
:12
:15
: 90
f reach : , , , . . , , . , f oreach . , .// foreach.using
System;class Search {static void Main() {int[] nums = new int[10];
int val;bool found = false;// nums. for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
nums[i] = i;val = 5;// foreach // nums. foreach(int in nums) { if(x
== val){found = true; break;if(found)Console.WriteLine(" !"); .
# !. #
# I. C#
7. # ! foreach , . foreach , , .. , foreach . string #. . . C# .
, string . string C# , , . string , 2, , . . , :Console.WriteLine("
C# ."); " C# #. , string . , . . , str .string str = " C# ."; str "
C# .". string char. :char[] charray = {'t',' ','s',' t'};string str
= new string(charray); string , , , . , string WriteLine ().//
.using System;class StringDemo { static void Main() {char[] charray
={'','1,'o','','',' t',1 p','o','','a',1 1} ;string strl = new
string(charray); string str2 = "
.";Console.WriteLine(strl);Console.WriteLine(str2);}} . . . string
. . 7.1. , StringComparison. , , . ( 12, StringComparison .) , . ,
, . . , , . qpedu. ( .) , . Compare (), Equals (), IndexOf () Last
IndexOf (), , , , . . , (.. ) StringComparison . CurrentCulture. ,
StringComparison . Ordinal, : StringComparison .
CurrentCulturelgnoreCase StringComparison . OrdinallgnoreCase. , (
22). , Compare () . 7.1 static. static 8, , : Compare ()
= string.Compare(strl, str2, ); . , , 22, . ToUpper () ToLower
(), . , . 7.1, Culture Inf , , , . , , (.. ). Culturelnf .
CurrentCulture. Culturelnf System. Globalization. , , , Culturelnf
. CurrentCulture . string Length, . 7.1.
static int Compare(string strA, string strB, StringComparison
comparisonType)bool Equals(string value, StringComparison
comparisonType)int IndexOf(char value)int IndexOf(string value,
StringComparison comparisonType)
# I. #
, . , Compare () :# I. #
7. # , strA strB; , strA strB; , . comparisonType true, , value.
comparisonType , value. . -1, , value. -1, . comparisonType ,
value. . -1, , value. -1, . comparisonType
int LastlndexOf(char value)int LastlndexOf(string value,
StringComparison comparisonType)string ToLower(Culturelnfo.
CurrentCulture culture)string ToUpper(Culturelnfo. CurrentCulture
culture) . culture . - culture , .string str =
"";Console.WriteLine(str [0] ) ; "", "". , . , , , . . ==. , == , ,
. string. == , . ! =. . Equals (), StringComparison .
CurrentCulture. , Compare () , . , Equals () . .// , using
System;using System.Globalization;
class StrOps {static void Main() {string strl = " .NET #.";
string str2 = " .NET #."; string str3 = " C# ."; string strUp,
strLow; int result, idx;Console.WriteLine("strl: " +
strl);Console.WriteLine(" strl: " + strl.Length);// strl, //
.strLow = strl.ToLower(Cirlturelnf.CurrentCulture); strUp =
strl.ToUpper(Culturelnfo.CurrentCulture) ;Console.WriteLine(" strl,
" +" :\n " + strLow); Console.WriteLine(" strl, " +" :\n " +
strUp);Console.WriteLine();// strl .Console.WriteLine(" strl .") ;
for (int i=0; i < strl.Length;
i++)Console.Write(strl[i]);Console.WriteLine("\n");// , if (strl ==
str2)Console.WriteLine("strl == str2"); elseConsole.WriteLine("strl
!= str2"); if (strl == str3)Console.WriteLine("strl == str3");
elseConsole.WriteLine("strl != str3");// .result =
string.Compare(str3, strl, StringComparison.CurrentCulture);
if(result == 0)Console.WriteLine(" strl str3 "); else if (result
< 0)Console.WriteLine(" strl- str3"); elseConsole.WriteLine("
strl str3");Console.WriteLine();// str2. str2 = " ";// .idx =
str2.IndexOf("", StringComparison.Ordinal);Console.WriteLine(" : "
+ idx)idx = str2.LastlndexOf("",
StringComparison.Ordinal);Console.WriteLine(" : " + idx) ;}} .strl:
.NET #. strl: 41 strl, : .net #. strl, : .net #. strl . .NET #.strl
== str2 strl != str3 strl str3 : : 13 , , Compare () .result =
string.Compare(strl, str3, StringComparison.CurrentCulture); ,
Compare () static, , . + (.. ) . , :string strl = "";string str2 =
"";string str3 = "";string str4 = strl + str2 + str3; str4 "". :
string System. String, .NET Framework, .. . , , string, System.
String, . System. String II . , . .// .
. 7.1 7. #
# I. C#
7. #using System;class StringArrays { static void Main()
{string[] str = { "", "", "", "." };Console.WriteLine(" : ");
for(int i=0; i < str.Length; i++)Console.Write(str[i] + "
");Console.WriteLine("\n");// .str[l] = "";str[3] = "
!";Console.WriteLine(" : "); for(int i=0; i < str.Length;
i++)Console.Write(str[i] + " ");}} . : . : ! . . , 19 " ".// ,
using System;class ConvertDigitsToWords { static void Main() { int
num; int nextdigit; int numdigits; int[] n = new int[20];string[]
digits = { "", "", "","", "", "","", "", "","" };num
=1908;Console.WriteLine(": " + num);Console.Write(" : ");nextdigit
= 0; numdigits = 0;// .// , do {nextdigit = num % 10; n[numdigits]
= nextdigit; numdigits++; num = num / 10;} while(num > 0);
numdigits--;// .for( ; numdigits >= 0;
numdigits--)Console.Write(digits[n[numdigits]] + "
");Console.WriteLine() ; .: 1908 : digits 0 9. . , int. . , , . ,
string . , . . , , . , , , . "", ., , , (.. string) , , . string .
, , : Substring (). , . , , , , . Substring ():string Substring(int
_, int ) _ , . , Substring().// Substring().using System;class
SubStr {static void Main() {string orgstr = "B C# .";// string
substr = orgstr.Substring(5, 20);Console.WriteLine("orgstr: " +
orgstr);Console.WriteLine("substr: " + substr); .orgstr: C# ,
substr: , orgstr , substr. : , , #, . # StringBuilder, System.Text.
, . , , C# string, StringBuilder. switch string switch. , switch. ,
. , , "", "" "".// switch .using System;class StringSwitch { static
void Main() {string[] strs = { "", "", "", "", "" };foreach(string
s in strs) { switch (s){case "":Console.Write (1);break;case
"":Console.Write (2); break; case "":Console.Write (3);
break;Console.WriteLine (); .
# !. #
# I. C#
7. #12321
# !. #
8. #
. . , , , Main (), static. . -, . , 6. -, . , . #, , : , . , . .
, . . - , . , , , , . . , . , " ", , . C# : public, private,
protected internal. public private. protected , , 11. internal , C#
, 16. public, , , . private, . , (private) . 6, , . private . . , .
.public string errMsg; private double bal;private bool isError(byte
status) { // ... public private, .// public private , using System;
class MyClass {private int alpha; // , int beta;// . public int
gamma; // // , alpha beta .// .public void SetAlpha(int ) { alpha =
;public int GetAlphaO { return alpha;public void-SetBeta(int a) {
beta = a;public int GetBetaO { return beta;}class AccessDemo {
static void Main() {MyClass ob = new MyClassO;// alpha beta // ,
ob.SetAlpha(-99) ; ob.SetBeta(19) ;Console.WriteLine("ob.alpha " +
ob.GetAlpha()); Console.WriteLine("ob.beta " + ob.GetBeta());//
alpha beta // .// ob.alpha =10; // ! alpha - !// ob.beta =9;// !
beta - !// gamma , // , ob.gamma = 99; , MyClass alpha private,
beta private , gamma public. , alpha beta , . , AccessDemo.
(public) , SetAlpha () GetAlpha (). , :// ob.alpha =10; // ! alpha
- ! - . , alpha MyClass, , MyClass, SetAlpha () GetAlpha (). beta.
: , . - . , , . , , . , , , . , , .. , , . , , , . , . , , . , , .,
, , . , , , . , . - , , , " ". , . . - , . , , , , . , . : . , . ,
: , . Stack, . . Stack. , " ". , Stack , .// , using System; class
Stack {// , char[] stck; // , int tos;// // Stack , public
Stack(int size) {stck = new char[size]; // tos = 0;// , public void
Push(char ch) { if(tos==stck.Length) {Console.WriteLine(M - .");
return;stck[tos] = ch; tos++;// , public char
Pop(){if(tos==0){Console.WriteLine(" - ."); return (char) 0;tos
;return stck[tos];// true, , public bool IsFullO { return
tos==stck.Length;}// true, , public bool IsEmptyO { return
tos==0;// , public int Capacity(){return stek.Length;// , , public
int GetNum() { return tos;} Stack . .// , char[] stek; // , int
tos;// stek ( ). , . Stack. tos . , tosnstek, , " ". stek, . , tos
, , tos , Stack, , . stekntos Stack , . Stack.// Stack , public
Stack(int size) {stek = new char[size]; // tos = 0; . tos . , tos ,
. Push () , .// , public void Push(char ch) { if (tos==stck.Length)
{Console.WriteLine(" - ."); return;}
# I. C#
# I. #
8. #stek[tos] = ch; tos++;
}, , ch. , , : tos stck. stck , , tos, . , tos stck. Pop (), .//
, public char () { if(tos==0){Console.WriteLine (" - ."); return
(char) 0;tos ;return stck[tos]; tos. , , . tos , . Push () Pop (),
. Stack : IsFull (), IsEmpty (), Capacity () GetNum (). .// true, ,
public bool IsFull(){return tos==stck.Length;}// true, , public
bool IsEmpty(){return tos==0;}// , public int Capacity(){return
stck.Length;}// , , public int GetNum(){return tos;
8. #
# !. #
8. IsFull () true, , false. IsEmpty () true, , false. (.. ,
)
} Capacity (), , , GetNum (). , , , tos. , . Stack .// Stack,
using System;// , class Stack {// , char[] stek; // , int tos;// //
Stack , public Stack(int size) {stek = new char[size]; // tos =
0;// , public void Push(char ch) { if(tos==stck.Length)
{Console.WriteLine (" - ."); return;}stek[tos] = ch; tos++;// ,
public char Pop(){if(tos==0){Console.WriteLine(" - ."); return
(char) 0;tos ;return stck[tos];// true, , public bool IsFullO {
return tos==stck.Length;}// true, - , public bool IsEmptyO {return
tos==0;}// , public int Capacity(){return stck.Length;// , , public
int GetNumO { return tos;}
{Stack(10); Stack(10); Stack(10);class StackDemo { static void
Main() Stack stkl = new Stack stk2 = new Stack stk3 = new char ch;
int i;// stkl.Console.WriteLine(" A-J stkl."); for(i=0;
!stkl.IsFull(); i++) stkl.Push((char)('A' + i)) ;if(stkl.IsFull())
Console.WriteLine(" stkl .");// stkl.Console.Write(" stkl: ");
while( !stkl.IsEmpty()){ch =
stkl.Pop();Console.Write(ch);Console.WriteLine();if(stkl.IsEmpty())
Console.WriteLine(" stkl .\");// stkl.Console.WriteLine(" A-J
stkl."); for(i=0; !stkl.IsFull(); i++) stkl.Push((char)('A' +
i));// stkl stk2. // stk2 . Console.WriteLine(" stkl\n" +" stk2.");
while( !stkl.IsEmpty()){ch = stkl.Pop(); stk2.Push(ch);
# I. #
# I. #
8. #
}
Console.Write(" stk2: ") ; while( !stk2.IsEmpty() ){ch =
stk2.Pop();Console.Write(ch);Console.WriteLine("\n");// 5
.Console.WriteLine(" 5 stk3.M); for(i=0; i < 5;
i++)stk3.Push((char) ('A' + i) ) ;Console.WriteLine(" stk3: " +
stk3.Capacity()) ; Console.WriteLine(" stk3: " + stk3.GetNum());} .
A-J stkl. stkl . stkl: JIHGFEDCBA stkl . A-J stkl. stkl stk2. stk2:
ABCDEFGHIJ 5 stk3. stk3: 10 stk3: 5 , , , int double. , , . . .//
.using System;class MyClass { int alpha, beta;public MyClass(int i,
int j) { alpha = i; beta = j;// true, ob // , , public bool
SameAs(MyClass ob) {if ((ob.alpha == alpha) & (ob.beta ==
beta)) return true; else return false;}// ob. public void
Copy(MyClass ob) { alpha = ob.alpha; beta = ob.beta;public void
Show() {Console.WriteLine("alpha: {0}, beta: {1}", alpha,
beta);class PassOb {static void Main() {MyClass obi = new
MyClass(4, 5) ;MyClass ob2 = new MyClass (6, 7);Console.Write("obi:
"); obi.Show ();Console.Write("ob2: ");
ob2.Show();if(obi.SameAs(ob2))Console.WriteLine("obi ob2 .");
elseConsole.WriteLine("obi ob2 ."); Console.WriteLine() ;// obi
ob2. obi.Copy(ob2);Console.Write("obi : ");
obi.Show();if(obi.SameAs(ob2) )Console.WriteLine("obi ob2 .");
elseConsole.WriteLine("obi ob2 .");}} .obi: alpha: 4, beta: 5 ob2:
alpha: 6, beta: 7obi 2 . : alpha: 6, beta: 7 2 . Same As () ()
MyClass . Same As () alpha beta , ob. true , . () alpha beta , ob,
alpha beta . , , . , . . , . . . . , , , , . . , . , . , , , , . C#
, , . , , int double, , , , . .// , using System; class Test {/* ,
. */ public void NoChange(int i, int j) { i = i + j; j = -j;}}
class CallByValue {
8. #
#!. #
8. #
}static void Main() {Test ob = new Test();int a = 15, b =
20;Console.WriteLine(" b : " + a + " " + b) ;ob.NoChange(a,
b);Console.WriteLine(" b : " + a + " " + b) ;} . b : 15 20 b : 15
20 , , NoChange (), , . , i j , b i j. , i . . - . , , , , . (, , ,
.) , , , , , . ., . , . , , , , . , , . .// , using System;class
Test {public int a, b;public Test(int i, int j) { a = i; b = j;
/* . ob.a ob.b , , . */ public void Change(Test ob) { ob.a =
ob.a + ob.b; ob.b = -ob.b;}}class CallByRef {static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("ob. ob.b ob.a + " " + : ob.b);" +Test ob =
new Test(15, 20);ob.Change(ob);
: " + ob.b);Console.WriteLine("ob. ob.b ob.a + " " +} .ob.a ob.b
: 15 20 ob.a ob.b : 35 -20 , Change () , ., . , , , . - , . , . ref
out , , int char, . , , , , , . , ref out . , . ref out, , . , : .
. , , . Swap (), . , , C# , , , int. ref. , return. . , , , ? ,
out. ref ref , . , . . Sqr (), . ref.// ref , using System; class
RefTest {// . // ref. public void Sqr(ref int i) { i = i *
i;}}class RefDemo {static void Main() {RefTest ob = new
RefTest();int a = 10;Console.WriteLine(" : " + a); ob.Sqr(ref a);
// ref Console.WriteLine(" : " + );} , ref . , , Sqr (). : 10 :
100, ref, , . , Swap () , .// , using System; class ValueSwap {// ,
public void Swap(ref int a, ref int b) { int t; t = a; a = b; b =
t;}}class ValueSwapDemo { static void Main() {ValueSwap ob = new
ValueSwap();int x = 10, = 20;Console.WriteLine("x : " + + " " + );
ob.Swap (ref , ref );Console.WriteLine(" : " + + " " + );} . : 10
20 : 20 10 ref . , , . , , , , . , ref . out , . , , , , . , . ,
ref . , ref, . , C# out. out ref, : . , out, ( ) - . , out , .. , .
, . , out . out. GetParts () Decompose. , .// out.using System;
class Decompose {/* . */ public int GetParts(double n, out double
frac) { int whole;whole = (int) n;frac = n - whole; // frac return
whole;// }class UseOut {static void Main() {Decompose ob = new
Decompose(); int i; double f;i = ob.GetParts(10.125, out
f);Console.WriteLine(" " + i); Console.WriteLine(" " + f); . 10
0.125 Get Parts () . -, return. -, f out. , out, ., out . . out.
HasComFactor () . -, ( 1) , true, , false. -,. out , .// out. using
System; class Num {/* , v . , * out. */ public bool
HasComFactor(int x, int y,out int least, out int greatest) {int
i;int max = x < ? x : y;bool first = true;least = 1;greatest =
1;// .for(i=2; i . using System;// , class ThreeD {int , , z; //
public ThreeD(){ = = z = 0; }
k; }opl.z) < op2.z))opl.z) > op2.z))public ThreeD(int i,
int j, int k) { x = i; = j; z = // .public static bool operator
>(ThreeD opl, ThreeD
op2){if(Math.Sqrt(opl.x*opl.x+opl.*opl.+opl.z*Math.Sqrt(op2.x*op2.x+op2.*op2.y+op2.z*return
true; elsereturn false;}// X, Y, Z. public void
Show(){Console.WriteLine(x + ", " + + ", " + z) ;}class ThreeDDemo
{ static void Main() {ThreeD a = new ThreeD(5, 6, 7);ThreeD b = new
ThreeD(10, 10, 10); ThreeD c = new ThreeD(l, 2, 3);ThreeD d = new
ThreeD(6, 7, 5);Console.Write(" a: ");a. Show();Console.Write(" b:
") ;b. Show();Console.Write(" : ");c. Show();Console.Write(" d:
");d. Show();Console.WriteLine();
if( > ) Console.WriteLine(" > "); if( < )
Console.WriteLine(" < "); if( > b) Console.WriteLine(" > b
"); if ( < b)-Console.WriteLine(" < b ");if( > d)
Console.WriteLine(" > d "); else if( < d)
Console.WriteLine("a < d ");else Console.WriteLine(" and " +"
"); . : 5, 6, 7 : 10, 10, 10 : 1, 2, 3 d: , 7, 5 > < b and :
. , , . .==I =
=
: == ! =, Object. EqualsO Object. GetHashCode (). 11. true false
true false . true false . if, while, for do-while ?. true false , .
.public static bool operator true(_ ){
# I. C#
# I. #
9. #// true false.}public static bool operator false(_ ){// true
false.} , bool. , true false ThreeD. : ThreeD , , , . .// true
false ThreeD. using System;// , class ThreeD {int , , z; // public
ThreeD(){ = = z = 0;}public ThreeD(int i, int j, int k) { x = i; =
j; z = k; }// true.public static bool operator true(ThreeD op) {
if((op.x != 0) M (op. != 0)|| (op.z != 0))return true; //
elsereturn false;}// false.public static bool operator false(ThreeD
op) { if((op.x == 0) && (op. == 0) && (op.z == 0))
return true; // elsereturn false;// . public static ThreeD operator
(ThreeD op){ThreeD result = new ThreeD();// , result.x = op.x - 1;
result. = op. - 1; result.z = op.z - 1;return result;}// X, Y, Z.
public void Show (){Console.WriteLine( + ", + + "," + z);}class
TrueFalseDemo { static void Main() {ThreeD a = new ThreeD(5, 6,
7);ThreeD b = new ThreeD(10, 10, 10);ThreeD c = new ThreeD(0, 0,
0);Console.Write(" a: ") ;a. Show();Console.Write(" b: ");b.
Show();Console.Write(" : ");c. Show() ;Console.WriteLine();if(a)
Console.WriteLine(" ."); else Console.WriteLine(" .");if(b)
Console.WriteLine(" b ."); else Console.WriteLine(" b .");if(c)
Console.WriteLine(" ."); else Console.WriteLine("
.");Console.WriteLine();Console.WriteLine(" ThreeD.") ; do {b.
Show(); b;} while(b); . : 5, 6, 7 : 10, 10, 10 : 0, 0, 0 b
ThreeD.10, 10, 109, 9, 9 8, 8, 8 7, 1, 7 , 6, 5, 5, 5 4, 4, 4 3, 3,
3 2, 2, 2 1, 1, 1 , ThreeD if do-while. , if ThreeD true. , i f .
do-while b . , , b , .. . , b , true . , # : &, |, !, &
& | |. , , &, [ !. , , & & | |. . . , & | ,
bool. , , !. , !, & | ThreeD. , ThreeD , . , .// // !,| &
ThreeD.using System;// . class ThreeD {int , , z; // public
ThreeD(){ = = z = 0; }public ThreeD(int i, int j, int k) { x = i; =
j; z = k; } // |.public static bool operator |(ThreeD opl, ThreeD
op2){if( ( (opl.x != 0) M (opl. != 0) M (opl.z != 0)) | ( (op2 .-x
!= 0) || (op2. != 0) || (op2.z != 0)) ) return true; elsereturn
false;// &.public static bool operator &(ThreeD opl, ThreeD
op2){if ( ((opl.x != 0) && (opl. != 0) && (opl.z !=
0)) & ((op2.x != 0) && (op2.y != 0) && (op2.z
!= 0)) ) return true; elsereturn false;// !. public static bool
operator ! (ThreeD op){if ( (op.x != 0)|| (op. != 0)|| (op.z !=
0))return false;else return true;}// X, Y, Z. public void
Show(){Console.WriteLine(x + ", " + + ", " + z);}class
TrueFalseDemo { static void Main() {ThreeD a = new ThreeD(5, 6,
7);ThreeD b = new ThreeD(10, 10, 10); ThreeD c = new ThreeD (0, 0,
0) ;Console.Write(" a: ");a. Show ();Console.Write(" b: ");b.
Show();Console.Write(" : ");c. Show();Console.WriteLine();if(!a)
Console.WriteLine(" ."); if(!b) Console.WriteLine(" b ."); if(!c)
Console.WriteLine(" .");
# I. C#
# !. #
9. #Console.WriteLine();if( & b) Console.WriteLine(" & b
."); else Console.WriteLine(" & b .");if( & )
Console.WriteLine(" & ."); else Console.WriteLine(" &
.");if( | b) Console.WriteLine(" | b ."); else Console.WriteLine("
| b .");if( | ) Console.WriteLine(" | ."); else Console.WriteLine("
| .");}} . : 5, 6, 1 : 10, 10, 10 : 0, 0, 0 . & b , & . | b
, | . &, | ! bool. , , .. , bool. , C# bool. bool . , , , .
& & | | , . -, & |. -, & | , , . -, , . -, true
false. , . , & | ThreeD, & & | |./* !,| & ThreeD.
&& || . */using System;// , class ThreeD {int , , z; //
public ThreeD(){ = = z = 0;}public ThreeD(int i, int j, int k) { x
= i; = j; z = k; }// | , public static ThreeD operator |(ThreeD
opl, ThreeD op2){if( ((opl.x != 0) || (opl. != 0) || (opl.z != 0))
|( (op2.x != 0) || (op2. != 0) || (op2.z != 0)) ) return new
ThreeD(1,1, 1) ;elsereturn new ThreeD(0, 0, 0) ;// & , public
static ThreeD operator & (ThreeD opl, ThreeD op2){if( ((opl.x
!= 0) && (opl. != 0) && (opl.z != 0)) &((op2.x
!= 0) && (op2.y != 0) && (op2.z != 0)) ) return new
ThreeD(1, 1, 1); elsereturn new ThreeD(0, 0, 0);}// !. public
static bool operator !(ThreeD op){if(op) return false; else return
true;}// true.public static bool operator true(ThreeD op) {
if((op.x != 0)|| (op. != 0)|| (op.z != 0))return true; //
elsereturn false;}// false.public static bool operator false(ThreeD
op) { if((op.x == 0) && (op. == 0) && (op.z == 0))
return true; // elsereturn false;}// X, Y, Z. public void
Show(){Console.WriteLine(x + ", " + + ", " + z) ;}class
TrueFalseDemo { static void Main() {ThreeD a = new ThreeD(5, 6,
7);ThreeD b = new ThreeD(10, 10, 10);ThreeD c = new ThreeD(0, 0, 0)
;Console.Write(" a: ");a. Show();Console.Write(" b: ");b.
Show();Console.Write(" : ");c. Show();Console.WriteLine() ;if (a)
Console.WriteLine(" ."); if(b) Console.WriteLine(" b ."); if(c)
Console.WriteLine(" .");if(!a) Console.WriteLine(" ."); if(!b)
Console.WriteLine(" b ."); if(!c) Console.WriteLine("
.");Console.WriteLine ();Console.WriteLine(" & |") if( & b)
Console.WriteLine(" & b ."); else Console.WriteLine(" & b
.");if( & ) Console.WriteLine(" & ."); else
Console.WriteLine(" & .");if( | b) Console.WriteLine(" | b .");
else Console.WriteLine(" | b .");if( | ) Console.WriteLine(" | .");
else Console.WriteLine(" | .");Console.WriteLine();// .
Console.WriteLine(" " +" && "); if( && b)
Console.WriteLine(" && b ."); else Console.WriteLine("
&& b .");if( && ) Console.WriteLine(" &&
."); else Console.WriteLine(" && .");if( b)
Console.WriteLine (" || b ."); else- Console.WriteLine(" || b
.");if ( | | ) Console.WriteLine(" | | ."); else
Console.WriteLine(" || ."); .:5,6, 7
:,,
:0,0, 0
b . & | & b , & , | b , | . && || &&
b , && , , . , & |. .// | , public static ThreeD
operator | (ThreeD opl, ThreeD op2){if ((
(opl.x!=0)M(opl.!=0)||(opl.z!=0))|(
(op2.x!=0)||(op2.!=0)||(op2.z!=0)))return new ThreeD(1,1, 1)
;elsereturn new ThreeD(0, 0, 0);}// & , public static ThreeD
operator & (ThreeD opl, ThreeD op2){if
(((opl.x!=0)&&(opl.!=0)&&(opl.z!=0))&((op2.x!=0)&&(op2.y!=0)&&(op2.z!=0)))return
new ThreeD(1, 1,1); elsereturn new ThreeD (0, 0, 0);
# I. C#
# !. #
9. #} , ThreeD. , . , ThreeD, . , . , & b :if( & b)
Console.WriteLine(" & b ."); else Console.WriteLine(" & b
."); ThreeD, . true false , ThreeD true bool. true, , if . ,
ThreeD. . operator true ( | |) operator false ( &&). ,
(& |) . (& | ) . , & & | |, & | , . .if( )
Console.WriteLine(" || ."); true . , | . :if( a) Console.WriteLine
(" || ."); true , . , |. , , , , . true false , . . , & | , , ,
. , . , . C# , . . #, , , . : . :public static explicit operator
_{_ v) {return ;} public static implicit operator _(_ v) {return ;}
_ , ; - _ , ; , . , _, . (implicit), , , , . (explicit), , . .
ThreeD, . , ThreeD , . , , . .public static implicit operator
int(ThreeD opl){return opl.x * opl. * opl.z; , .// , using
System;// , class ThreeD {int , , z; // public ThreeD(){ = = z =
0;}public ThreeD(int i, int j, int k) { x = i; = j; z = k; }//
+.public static ThreeD operator +(ThreeD opl, ThreeD op2){ThreeD
result = new ThreeD();result.x = opl.x + op2.x; result. = opl.y +
op2.y; result.z = opl.z + op2.z;return result;// ThreeD int. public
static implicit operator int(ThreeD opl){return opl.x * opl.y *
opl.z;// X, Y, Z. public void Show(){Console.WriteLine(x + ", " + +
"," + z) ;class ThreeDDemo { static void Main() {ThreeD a = new
ThreeD(1, 2, 3);ThreeD b = new ThreeD(10, 10, 10);ThreeD c = new
ThreeD(); int i;Console.Write(" a: ") ;a.
Show();Console.WriteLine() ;Console.Write(" b: ");b.
Show();Console.WriteLine();c = a + b; // b Console.Write(" a + b:
");c. Show ();Console.WriteLine(); i = a; // intConsole.WriteLine("
i = a: " + i) ;Console.WriteLine();i=a*2-b; //
intConsole.WriteLine(" a*2-b: " + i}} . : 1, 2, 3 : 10, 10, 10 +:
11, 12, 13 i = : 6 * 2 - : -988 , ThreeD , i = , . 6, , . int , .
operator int() = + . . , ThreeD double . . : ; ; . , , , . . ,
int.// , using System;// , class ThreeD {int , , z; // public
ThreeD(){ = = z = 0; }public ThreeD(int i, int j, int k) { x = i; =
j; z = k; }// +.public static ThreeD operator +(ThreeD opl, ThreeD
op2){ThreeD result = new ThreeD();result.x = opl.x + op2.x; result.
= opl. + op2.y; result.z = opl.z + op2.z;return result;}// , public
static explicit operator int(ThreeD opl){return opl.x * opl. *
opl.z;// X, Y, Z. public void Show (){Console.WriteLine( + "," + +
"," + z) ;}class ThreeDDemo { static void Main() {ThreeD a = new
ThreeD(l, 2, 3) ;ThreeD b = new ThreeD(10, 10, 10);ThreeD c = new
ThreeD(); int i;Console.Write(" a: ");a. Show();Console.WriteLine()
;Console.Write(" b: ");b. Show() ;Console.WriteLine() ;c = a + b;
// b Console.Write(" a + b: ");c. Show();Console.WriteLine() ;i =
(int) a; // int ,// Console.WriteLine(" i = : " + i)
;Console.WriteLine();i = (int)a * 2 - (int)b; //
Console.WriteLine(" * 2 - b: " + i);} , int. , , .i = (int) ; //
int ,// . , . , int, double. object . . . ( 11.) . ( 12.) , , . , ,
. , . -, , , , . - , . , . , , C# . , , . , + ThreeD . , , + , /, .
: , , . . , , , . , , . , , , , , +=. , . , .&&09
? ?[]11=
=>->aschecked
defaultisnewsizeof
typeofunchecked
# I. #
# I. C#
9. # () , , ., , , +=, , . , , . , += opera tor + (). ,
operator+ () ThreeD, b 11,12,13.ThreeD = new ThreeD(1, 2, 3)
;ThreeD b = new ThreeD(10, 10, 10);b += a; // b : , [ ] , , . , ,
ThreeD, . , . , , , . 4- . , , , 4- , , , , ! , - #. . Nybble. int,
0 15. Nybble . Nybble. int Nybble. Nybble int. : (>) (.public
static bool operator >(Nybble opl, Nybble op2){if(opl.val >
op2.val) return true; else return false;}// = 0 & index <
Length) return true; return false;// , class FSDemo {static void
Main() {FailSoftArray fs = new FailSoftArray(5);// fs. for(int i=0;
i < fs.Length; i++) fs[i] = i;// // int double
.Console.WriteLine("fs[1]: " + fs[1]);Console.WriteLine("fs[2]: " +
fs[2]);Console.WriteLine("fs[1.1]: " +
fs[l.l]);Console.WriteLine("fs[1.6]: " + fs[1.6]);} .fs [1] : 1 fs
[2] : 2 fs[1.1 ] : 1 f s [ 1.6 ] : 2 , double . , 1.1 1, 1.6 2.
10. #
# I. C#
10. # , . , , , - .
public int Length; // , . , . , , 2 0 15. , . .// .using
System;class PwrOfTwo {/* , 2 0 15. */ public int this[int index]
{// 2. get {if((index >= 0)&& (index < 16)) return
pwr(index);else return -1;// set .}int pwr(int p) { int result =
1;for(int i=0; i < p; i++) result *= 2;return result;}class
UsePwrOfTwo { static void Main() {PwrOfTwo pwr = new
PwrOfTwo();Console.Write(" 8 2: "); for(int i=0; i < 8;
i++)Console.Write(pwr[i] + " ");Console.WriteLine();Console.Write("
: "); Console.Write(pwr[-1] + " " + pwr[17]);
# I. #
# I. C#
10. #Console.WriteLine();
. 8 2: 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 : -1 -1 , PwrOf Two - get, set. , .
, PwrOf Two , . , .pwr[0] =11; // , set. . -, , , ref out, . -,
static. . . .// .using System;class FailSoftArray2D {int[,] a; //
int rows, cols; // public int Length; // public bool ErrFlag; // //
, public FailSoftArray2D(int , int ) { rows = ; cols = ; = new
int[rows, cols];Length = rows * cols;// FailSoftArray2D. public int
this[int indexl, int index2] {// get.get {if(ok(indexl, index2)) {
ErrFlag = false; return a[indexl, index2]; } else {ErrFlag = true;
return 0;// set. set {if(ok(indexl, index2)){a[indexl, index2] =
value; ErrFlag = false;}else ErrFlag = true;// true, // , private
bool ok(int indexl, int index2) {if (indexl >= 0 & indexl
< rows & index2 >= 0 & index2 < cols) return
true;return false;}// , class TwoDIndexerDemo { static void Main()
{FailSoftArray2D fs = new FailSoftArray2D(3, 5); int x;//
.Console.WriteLine(" ."); for (int i=0; i < 6; i++) fs[i,
i]=i*10;for(int i=0; i < 6; i++){x = f s [ i, i ] ;if(x != -1)
Console.Write (x + " ") ;}Console.WriteLine ();//
.Console.WriteLine("\ ."); for(int i=0; i < 6; i++){f s [ i, i ]
= i * 10 ; if(fs.ErrFlag)Console.WriteLine ("fs[" + i + ", " + i +
"] ")for(int i=0; i < 6; i++){x = f s [ i, i ] ;if(!fs.ErrFlag)
Console.Write(x + " ");elseConsole.WriteLine("fs[" + i + ", " + i +
"] "); : .0 10 20 0 0 0 .fs[3, 3] fs[4, 4] fs[5, 5] 0 10 20 fs[3,
3] fs[4, 4] fs[5, 5] . , . , , , , , , , . , , , , . . , get set. .
, , get set. get set . : {*get {// }set {// , int, . , . , set
value, , ., , , , . , , . ( , .) , Prop, prop. .// , using System;
class SimpProp {int prop; // , MyProp public SimpProp(){ prop =0;
}/* prop. . */ public int MyProp { get {return prop;}set {if(value
>= 0) prop = value;}// , class PropertyDemo { static void Main()
{SimpProp ob = new SimpProp();Console.WriteLine(" ob.MyProp: " +
ob.MyProp);ob.MyProp = 100; // Console.WriteLine(" ob.MyProp: " +
ob.MyProp);// prop .Console.WriteLine(" " +"-10 ob.MyProp");ob.Prop
= -10;Console.WriteLine(" ob.MyProp: " + ob.MyProp); . ob.MyProp: 0
ob.MyProp: 100 -10 ob.MyProp ob.MyProp: 100 . prop , prop. , , . ,
prop , , . public, , . , prop, . get prop, set prop , . , , prop. ,
, . , , . . , , , get. , , set. . , (Length). FailSoftArray Length.
, , . (, , , .) , Length " ", , FailSoftArray.// Length
FailSoftArray.using System;class FailSoftArray {int[] a; // int
len; // Lengthpublic bool ErrFlag; // // , public FailSoftArray(int
size) { a = new int[size]; len = size;// Length , public int Length
{ get {return len;}}
// FailSoftArray. public int this[int index] {// get. get
{if(ok(index)){ErrFlag = false; return a[index];} else {ErrFlag =
true; return 0;}}// set. set {if(ok(index)){a[index] =
value;ErrFlag = false;}else ErrFlag = true;}}// true, // , private
bool ok(int index) {if(index >= 0 & index < Length)
return true;return false;// // , class ImprovedFSDemo { static void
Main() {FailSoftArray fs =newFailSoftArray(5);int x;// Length, for
(int i=0; i < fs.Length; i++) fs[i] = i*10;for (int i=0; i <
fs.Length; i++){x = f s [ i ] ;if(x != -1) Console.Write(x + "
");}Console.WriteLine ();// fs.Length = 10; // , !}
Length , 1. -}
get, . , Length , . , .// fs.Length =10; // , ! , , Length , .
Length Fail Soft Array . , , ErrFlag, . Fail So f tArray, Error,
ErrFlag, .// ErrFlag .using System;class FailSoftArray {int[] a; //
int len; // bool ErrFlag; // ,// // , public FailSoftArray(int
size) { a = new int[size]; len = size;}// Length , public int
Length { get {return len;// Error , public bool Error { get {return
ErrFlag;// FailSoftArray. public int this[int index] {// get.get
{if(ok(index)){ErrFlag = false; return a[index];} else {ErrFlag =
true; return 0;}}// set. set {if(ok(index)){a[index] = value;
ErrFlag = false;}else ErrFlag = true;// true, // , private bool
ok(int index) {if(index >= 0 & index < Length) return
true; return false;}// , class FinalFSDemo { static void Main()
{FailSoftArray fs = new FailSoftArray(5);// Error. for(int i=0; i
< fs.Length + 1; i++){fs[i] = i * 10;
if(fs.Error)Console.WriteLine(" " + i);} Error FailSoftArray. -,
ErrFlag , Error, , . -, Error " ". Error , . Main (), , Error.
# I. #
# I. C#
10. # C# 3.0, _ , , . . : { get; set; } , . , get set , . , , .
. . , UserCount.public int UserCount { get; set; } , . , , .
UserCount . . get set. (.. - ) , private ( " "). , , . , . , , , .
, , . , , . 8, . , . , . 8, . , 8 , , Count Str . .// .using
System;class MyClass {// , public int Count { get; set; } public
string Str { get; set; }class ObjlnitDemo { static void Main() {//
MyClass .MyClass obj =new MyClass { Count = 100, Str = ""
};Console.WriteLine(obj.Cougt + " " + obj.Str);}} , Count Str . ,
8, :100 8, , LINQ-. ., . -, , ref out. -, . , , , , . , get. , .
get . set get , , . , public, set get (public). set get , private.
, , , , . , . , , . private. Prop, set private.// . using System;
class PropAccess {int prop; // , MyProp public PropAccess(){ prop =
0; }/* prop. prop , . */ public int MyProp { get {return
prop;private set { // prop = value;// MyProp. public void IncrPropO
{MyProp++; // . .}// , class PropAccessDemo { static void Main()
{PropAccess ob = new PropAccess();Console.WriteLine(" ob.MyProp: "
+ ob.MyProp);// ob.MyProp = 100; //
ob.IncrProp();Console.WriteLine(" ob.MyProp : " + ob.MyProp);
PropAccess set private. , , IncrProp (), PropAccess. ob. Prop
PropAccessDemo ., . , , , get set, . , private. Length Fail So ft
Array, .public int Length { get; private set; } Length , set
private. Length . , , , . Error, .public bool Error { get; private
set; } Error , Fail So ft Array. Length Error FailSof tArray 1
ErrFlag, , 1 ErrFlag Length Error FailSof tArray. FailSof tArray
Main(), .// ' // Length Error.using System;class FailSoftArray
{int[] a; // // , public FailSoftArray(int size) { a = new int
[size];Length = size;// Length, public int Length { get; private
set; }// Error, public bool Error { get; private set; }//
FailSoftArray. public int this[int index] {// aKceccop get. get
{if(ok(index) ){Error = false; return a[index];} else {Error "=
true; return 0;}}// set.set {if(ok(index)){a[index] = value; Error
= false;}else Error = true;// true, // , private bool ok(int index)
{if(index >= 0 & index < Length) return true; return
false;}// // , class FinalFSDemo { static void Main()
{FailSoftArray fs = new FailSoftArray(5);// Error. for(int i=0; i
< fs.Length + 1; i++){fs[i] = i * 10;
if(fs.Error)Console.WriteLine(" " + i);}} FailSoftArray , , , .
# !. #
10. # . -, : set get, . -, , . , , . ( 12.) , . RangeArray, , .
, C# . : 1 , -5 5. RangeArray , . RangeArray, .RangeArray = new
RangeArray(-5, 10); // -5 10 for(int i=-5; i csc SeriesDemo.cs
ISeries.cs ByTwos.cs Visual Studio #. , ( ) . .2
4
6
8
10
.
2
4
6
8
10
100. 102 104 106 108 110 , , . ByTwos, GetPrevious (), .//
ISeries // ByTwos GetPrevious().class ByTwos : ISeries { int start;
int val; int prev;public ByTwos(){start = 0; val = 0; prev =
-2;public int GetNextO { prev = val; val += 2; return val;}public
void Reset(){val = start; prev = start - 2;public void SetStart(int
x) { start = x; val = start; prev = val - 2;}// , ISeries.public
int GetPrevious(){return prev;}
# I. C#
# I. #
12. , # , GetPrevious (), , ISeries. , . . , . Primes, . ,
ISeries , ByTwos.// ISeries // , class Primes : ISeries { int
start; int val;public Primes(){start = 2; val = 2;public int
GetNextO { int i, j; bool isprime;val++;for(i = val; i <
1000000; i++){isprime = true; for(j = 2; j , Console . In Console .
Out . , .using System;class Test {static void Main()
{Console.WriteLine(" ."); Test > log " ." log. . , "". <
>, , #, . -, , , Windows, , . , . Setln (), SetOut () SetError
(), Console.static void Setln(TextReader __) static void
SetOut(TextWriter __)static void SetError(TextWriter ____) , Setln
() . , , TextReader. SetOut () , TextReader. , FileStream,
StreamWriter. .// Console.Out.using System; using System.10;class
Redirect {static void Main() {StreamWriter log_out = null;try
{log_out = new StreamWriter("logfile.txt");// logfile.txt.
Console.SetOut(log_out);Console.WriteLine(" .");for(int i=0; i
count + 2;// - incr.Console.WriteLine(" - incr: "); int x = -10;
while(x n % 2 == 0;// - isEven.Console.WriteLine(" - isEven: ");
for (int i=l; i count +2;IsEven isEven = n => n % 2 == 0; incr
-, 2 count. Incr, . , incr, count, -. isEven , true, , false. , -
IsEven. : , - , , int count -, incr? : . , - . , -. . incr.Incr
incr = (int count) => count + 2; , count int. . . ( , , .) - , -
, . - , . - , .(low, high, val) => val >= low && val
val >= low && val {int = 1;for(int i=l; i
{Console.WriteLine(" ."); return s.Replace('};%// .StrMod
RemoveSpaces = s => { string temp = ""; int
i;Console.WriteLine(" ."); for(i=0; i < s.Length; i++) if(s[i]
!= '') temp += s[i];return temp;};// .StrMod Reverse = s =>
{string temp = ""; int i, j;Console.WriteLine(" ."); for(j=0,
i=s.Length-1; i >= 0; i, j++) temp += s[i];return temp;lustring
str;// - . StrMod strOp = ReplaceSpaces;str = strOp("
.");Console.WriteLine(" : " + str); Console.WriteLine() ;strOp =
RemoveSpaces;str = strOp(" .");Console.WriteLine(" : " + str);
Console.WriteLine();strOp = Reverse;str = strOp("
.");Console.WriteLine(" : " + str);}} , . . : --. . : . . :. #, , .
, , , . : , , . , . . event. :event _ _; _ , , _ . .// , , using
System;// , delegate void MyEventHandler();// , , class MyEvent
{public event MyEventHandler SomeEvent;// , public void
OnSomeEvent(){if (SomeEvent != null)SomeEvent();class EventDemo {//
, static void Handler (){Console.WriteLine(" ");}static void Main()
{MyEvent evt = new MyEvent ();// Handler() , evt.SomeEvent +=
Handler;// , evt.OnSomeEvent();} . , , . , .delegate void
MyEventHandler(); . . , . MyEvent. SomeEvent .public event
MyEventHandler SomeEvent; . event , . , MyEvent OnSomeEvent (), . ,
, . OnSomeEvent () SomeEvent.if(SomeEvent != null)SomeEvent();
# I. #
# I. #
15. , - # , , SomeEvent . , , OnSomeEvent () .
} , , . Event Demo Handler (). , . Main () MyEvent, a Handler ()
, .MyEvent evt = new MyEvent ();// Handler() , evt.SomeEvent +=
Handler; , +=. += -=. Handler () , . , , .// , evt.OnSomeEvent();
OnSomeEvent () , . , , . , . . .// , using System;// , delegate
void MyEventHandler() ;// , , class MyEvent {public event
MyEventHandler SomeEvent;// , public void
OnSomeEvent(){if(SomeEvent != null)SomeEvent();}class X {public
void XhandlerO {Console.WriteLine(" X);}class Y {public void
YhandlerO {Console.WriteLine(" Y");}class EventDemo2 {static void
Handler (){Console.WriteLine(" EventDemo");static void Main()
{MyEvent evt = new MyEvent ();X xOb = new X();Y yOb = new Y();//
.evt.SomeEvent += Handler;evt.SomeEvent +=
xOb.Xhandler;evt.SomeEvent += yOb.Yhandler;// , evt.OnSomeEvent()
;Console.WriteLine() ;// .evt.SomeEvent -=
xOb.Xhandler;evt.OnSomeEvent() ; . EventDemo X Y EventDemo Y , X Y,
, MyEventHandler. . , X Y . , , , . . , . , . , . , , , . , , , . .
X, . , X , . X./* , . */using System;// , delegate void
MyEventHandler() ;// , , class MyEvent {public event MyEventHandler
SomeEvent;// , public void OnSomeEvent(){if(SomeEvent !=
null)SomeEvent() ;}class X { int id;public X(int x) { id = x; }// ,
public void Xhandler() {Console.WriteLine(" " + id);}class
EventDemo3 { static void Main() {MyEvent evt = new MyEvent();X ol =
new X(1);X o2 = new X(2);
# !. #
# I. C#
15. , - #X o3 = new X(3); evt.SomeEvent += ol.Xhandler;
evt.SomeEvent += o2.Xhandler; evt.SomeEvent += o3.Xhandler;
}// , evt.OnSomeEvent() ;} . 1 2 3 , , . , , - , ./* , . */using
System;// , delegate void MyEventHandler();// , , class MyEvent
{public event MyEventHandler SomeEvent;// , public void
OnSomeEvent(){if (SomeEvent != null)SomeEvent() ;class X {/* . */
public static void Xhandler() {Console.WriteLine(" .");class
EventDemo4 { static void Main() {MyEvent evt = new MyEvent
();evt.SomeEvent += X.Xhandler;// , evt.OnSomeEvent(); . . , X .
Xhandler () X, SomeEvent OnSomeEvent(). , , . . . , , , . event, .
.event _ _ { add {// .remove {// .} : add remove. add , +=. remove
, -=. add remove, . , value. add remove, . , , . , . . , .// //
.using System;// .delegate void MyEventHandler();,
15. , - #
# I. C#
15. , - #
}
// , class MyEvent {MyEventHandler[] evnt = new
MyEventHandler[3];public event MyEventHandler SomeEvent {// , add {
int i;for(i=0; i < 3; i++) if(evnt[i] == null) { evnt[i] =
value; break;}if (i == 3) Console.WriteLine(" .");// , remove { int
i;for(i=0; i < 3; i++) if(evnt[i] == value) { evnt[i] = null;
break;}if (i == 3) Console.WriteLine(" .");// . , public void
OnSomeEvent(){for(int i=0; i < 3; i++)if(evnt[i] != null)
evnt[i]();// , MyEventHandler. class W {public void Whandler()
{Console.WriteLine(" W");class X {public void Xhandler()
{Console.WriteLine(" X);class Y {public void Yhandler()
{Console.WriteLine(" Y");}class Z {public void Zhandler()
{Console.WriteLine(" Z");}}class EventDemo5 { static void Main()
{MyEvent evt = new MyEvent();W wOb = new W () ;X xOb = new X();Y
yOb = new Y();Z zOb = new Z();// .Console.WriteLine(" . ") ;
evt.SomeEvent += wOb.Whandler; evt.SomeEvent += xOb.Xhandler;
evt.SomeEvent += yOb.Yhandler;// - , evt.SomeEvent +=
zOb.Zhandler;Console.WriteLine();// ,
evt.OnSomeEvent();Console.WriteLine();// .Console.WriteLine("
xOb.Xhandler.") ; evt.SomeEvent -= xOb.Xhandler;
evt.OnSomeEvent();Console.WriteLine();// .Console.WriteLine(" "
+"xOb.Xhandler ."); evt.SomeEvent -= xOb.Xhandler;
evt.OnSomeEvent();Console.WriteLine();//
Zhandler.Console.WriteLine(" zOb.Zhandler.") evt.SomeEvent +=
zOb.Zhandler; evt.OnSomeEvent(); : . . W X Y xOb.Xhandler. W Y
xOb.Xhandler . . W Y zOb.Zhandler. W X Y . MyEventHandler. MyEvent.
evnt, .MyEventHandler[] evnt = new MyEventHandler[3]; , . evnt
(null). SomeEvent. event.public event MyEventHandler SomeEvent {//
, add { int i;for(i=0; i < 3; i++) if(evnt[i] == null) { evnt[i]
= value; break;}if (i == 3) Console.WriteLine(" .");// , remove {
int i;for(i=0; i < 3; i++) if(evnt[i] == value) { evnt[i] =
null; break;}if (i == 3) Console.WriteLine(" .");
# I. #
# I. C#
15. , - #
, add, (.. ) evnt , value. , . (, .) evnt , . , remove evnt ,
value. , (null), , . OnSomeEvent (). evnt . , , . , event . event .
, , , , . - . 23. . , . (abstract). . . , (sealed). , , .. . - - ,
, . , , , . - . , - , . , - .// - , using System;// , delegate void
MyEventHandler(int n);// , , class MyEvent {public event
MyEventHandler SomeEvent;// , public void OnSomeEvent(int n) {
if(SomeEvent != null)SomeEvent(n);}class LambdaEventDemo {static
void Main() {MyEvent evt = new MyEvent();// - , evt.SomeEvent +=
(n) =>Console.WriteLine(" . " + );// , evt.OnSomeEvent(1);
evt.OnSomeEvent(2);} . . 1 . 2 , - .evt.SomeEvent += (n)
=>Console.WriteLine(" . " + ); - , . -, - . , .// ,
evt.SomeEvent += delegate(int n) {Console.WriteLine(" . " + n); , ,
. .NET Framework C# . .NET Framework , Microsoft. , , : . , ,
EventArgs, , . , .NET- .void (object , EventArgs ) {// ...} , ,
this. EventArgs , . EventArgs , . , EventArgs , , . EventArgs Empty
static, EventArgs . , .NET- .// .NET- , using System;// ,
EventArgs. class MyEventArgs : EventArgs { public int EventNum;}//
.delegate void MyEventHandler(object source, MyEventArgs arg);/ , ,
class MyEvent {static int count = 0;public event MyEventHandler
SomeEvent;// SomeEvent. public void OnSomeEvent(){MyEventArgs arg =
new MyEventArgs();if(SomeEvent != null) { arg.EventNum =
count++;SomeEvent(this, arg);}class X {public void Handler(object
source, MyEventArgs arg) { Console.WriteLine(" " + arg.EventNum +"
X."); Console.WriteLine(": " + source);Console.WriteLine();class Y
{public void Handler(object source, MyEventArgs arg) {
Console.WriteLine(" " + arg.EventNum +" Y."); Console.WriteLine(":
" + source);, Console.WriteLine();class EventDemo6 { static void
Main() {X obi = new X ();Y ob2 = new Y ();MyEvent evt - new*
MyEvent ();// Handler() , evt ..SomeEvent += obi. Handler;'
evt.SomeEvent += ob2.Handler;// , evt.OnSomeEvent();
evt.OnSomeEvent(); . 0 X : MyEvent 0 Y : MyEvent 1 X : MyEvent 1 Y
: MyEvent MyEventArgs, EventArgs. MyEventArgs : EventNum.
MyEventHandler, , .NET Framework. , , , EventArgs . Handler (), X
Y, . MyEvent SomeEvent MyEventHandler. On SomeEvent () SomeEvent,
this, MyEventArgs. , MyEventHandler .NET. EventHandler EventHandler
. , , .NET Framework EventHandler. ( 18.) TEventArgs , EventArgs .
, SomeEvent MyEvent .public event EventHandler SomeEvent; , , .
EventArgs . .NET Framework EventHandler. , . EventHandler.//
EventHandler. using System;// , , class MyEvent {public event
EventHandler SomeEvent; // EventHandler// .public void
OnSomeEvent(){if(SomeEvent != null)SomeEvent(this,
EventArgs.Empty);}}class EventDemo7 {static void Handler(object
source, EventArgs arg) { Console.WriteLine("
");Console.WriteLine(": " + source);static void Main() {MyEvent evt
= new MyEvent();// Handler() , evt.SomeEvent += Handler;// ,
evt.OnSomeEvent() ; EventArgs , - EventArgs . Empty. . : MyEvent ,
Windows. , , . #, . , LButtonClick. OnLButtonClick (), . Windows, ,
, , , , . , . , , KeyPress OnKeyPress (). , .NET- -.// , , using
System;// , EventArgs // .class KeyEventArgs : EventArgs { public
char ch;}// , , class KeyEvent {public event EventHandler
KeyPress;// , public void OnKeyPress(char key) {KeyEventArgs k =
new KeyEventArgs();if(KeyPress != null) { k.ch = key;KeyPress(this,
k) ;// KeyEvent. class KeyEventDemo { static void Main() {KeyEvent
kevt = new KeyEvent();ConsoleKeylnfo key; int count = 0;// - ,
kevt.KeyPress += (sender, ) =>Console.WriteLine(" : " + e.ch);//
- .kevt.KeyPress += (sender, ) =>count++; // count
Console.WriteLine(" . " +" .");do {key = Console.ReadKey();
kevt.OnKeyPress(key.KeyChar);} while(key.K
