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2008
10 ,
2
SPICE
,
. , ,
,
,
.
SPICE
breadboard, .
, ,
,
,
breadboards, , ,
.
, PSPICE,
,
.
-
.
SPICE, ,
.
, .
, .
, .
, ,
.
.
-,
.
3
1. ..............................................................................................5 2. ..............................................................................................................6 3. ........................................................................................9 3.1 Schematic Capture ........................................9 3.2 ...................................................................................10 3.3 ................................................11 3.4 .....................................................................12 3.5 ...........................................................................................13 3.6 Netlist..............................................................17 4. ...............................................................................21 4.1 ..........................................................................................................21 4.2 .....................................................................22 4.3 ..........................................................................26 4.4 ...............................................................................30 5. ......................................................................................................33
5.1 DC ................................................................................................33 5.2 ..........................................................................................................45
5.2.1 .........................................................................45 5.2.1.1 ...........................................46 5.2.1.2 .......................................48
5.2.2 ..............................................................................49 5.2.2.1 ............................................49 5.2.2.2 ...............................................50
5.3. p-n ......................................................................................51 5.3.1 -V p-n........................................................52 5.3.2 p-n .............................................................53 5.3.3 p-n .....................................................54
5.4 .................................................56 5.4.1 BJT...................................................................56
5.4.1.1 -V BJT ................................56 5.4.2 MOSFET..........................................58
5.4.2.1 -V MOSFET......................................................................................59 5.4.2.2 MOSFET ....61 5.4.2.3 MOSFET......................................................................................62
6. ........................................................................................................65
4
1. simulator SPICE
. 60
IBM ECAP,
Berkeley -
CANCER. 70
,
, -
. , ,
Berkeley
SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis),
CANCER. , simulator ,
.
SPICE,
. SPICE
,
, .
,
SPICE. 1984
MicroSim Corporation
, PSPICE. PSPICE
, 9.x.
SPICE, , ,
,
.
5
2. Orcad PSpice A/D 9.1 student version ,
internet. (.. http://www.electronics-
lab.com/downloads/schematic/013 ) ,
Orcad PSpice A/D . ,
, > Pspice Student > Pspice Design
Manager, 1:
1: PSpice.
, Design Manager ( 2),
schematics .
6
http://www.electronics-lab.com/downloads/schematic/013http://www.electronics-lab.com/downloads/schematic/013
2: Design Manager.
schematic capture, PSpice Schematics.
,
, Design Manager.
:
3: PSpice Schematics.
7
3
. ,
view CTRL+I
zoom in CTRL-O zoom out.
.
Schematics , ,
,
. , PSpice,
Netlist
. schematic
capture.
8
3. 3.1 Schematic Capture schematic capture
, ,
.
: Draw > Get New Part,
CTRL+G, 4:
4: .
, Part
Name. 4, r
,
,
.
Place and close
, ,
, .
9
, Esc
. PSpice
. , Libraries
,
,
.
1: PSPICE.
Pspice R Analog
C Analog L Analog
XFRM_LINEAR Analog AGND source D eval
n-channel mosfet MbreakN breakout p-channel mosfet MbreakP breakout
n-channel jfet JbreakN breakout NPN transistor Q2N* eval PNP transistor QbreakP Breakout
, (..
- VSIN)
(.. , ..).
.
,
.
3.2
,
.
:
10
:
Edit > Rotate CTRL+R. PSpice
.
5: .
: Edit > Copy CTRL+C
Edit > Paste CTRL+V.
:
.
: Del Edit > Delete
,
, ,
.
3.3
.
Draw > Wire CTRL+W
. ,
Wire.
,
.
,
PSpice
.
11
6: .
3.4
,
, : Edit > Attributes
.
,
, , .
, ,
, ,
: Edit > Attributes.
7: .
(Save Attr.).
,
,
.
12
3.5 , ,
,
:
2: PSPICE
PSPICE
VDC Source VAC Source E Analog F Analog G Analog H Analog VPULSE Source uA741 Eval Sw_topen Eval Sw_tclose Eval
,
:
: ,
. 8
.
8: .
13
: DC .
: DC
AC .
:
.
9: .
: 4 7 12V.
, 2 3,
6.
10: .
: /. PSpice
(Rclosed) (Ropen) ,
, ,
, .
14
11: .
.sch, :
12: .
, -
, 0.
, ,
PSpice.
: Get New Part > Analog Ground
, , -
.
15
13: .
. zoom out ,
.
Edit > Attributes,
.
16
14: .
15: .
3.6 Netlist Netlist
, ,
PSpice.
Netlist Schematics
: Analysis > Create Netlist.
17
: Analysis > Examine Netlist
text editor, *Schematics Netlist*
( 16-18).
16: Netlist.
17: Examine Netlist.
18: Edit Netlist.
18
*Schematics Netlist*
. 18
Schematics,
, .
Netlist :
:
[] [ ] [ ] [ ].
10, f: 10-15, p: 10-12, n: 10-9, u: 10-6, m: 10-3, k: 103,
Meg: 106, G: 109 T: 1012.
,
0.
* .
.END .end (-
PSPICE case sensitive).
; .
+ .
,
(.)
:
.OP ( ):
.
.DC (DC ):
.
.DC SRCname START STOP STEP
.DC V1 0 20 2
.TF ( H(s)=Vout/Vin):
.TF [ ] [ ]
.TF V(3,0) Vin
V(3,0) 3
0.
.TRAN (Transient Analysis):
.TRAN TSTEP TSTOP TSTART
19
.TRAN 0.02 20 0
.AC ( AC):
.AC LIN NP [Number of points Frequency Start] [Frequency top]
.AC DEC NP [Number of points per decade Frequency Start] [Frequency top]
.AC DEC 10 1000 1E6
, -
.
20
4. , -
, PSpice
.
(Simulate), , F11
, Pspice ( 19).
19: PSpice Simulator.
4.1. PSpice
. Markers
, ,
.
, :
.
: , (
20), .
21
:
, , .
20: .
, PSpice
.
: Markers > Mark Advanced.
4.2 ,
, : Analysis > Setup.
22
21: Setup .
22:
22: .
Transient:
.
,
. , Pspice
,
23
. ,
.
23: Transient .
DC Sweep: PSpice ,
,
.
,
.
, ,
. ,
,
.
24
24: DC Sweep .
AC Sweep:
, Bode
Nyquist
.
, ,
dB . ,
,
.
25: AC Sweep .
25
Parametric: , PSpice
.
4.3 ,
,
Simulate F11.
( 26).
26: PSpice Simulator.
default
x. , ,
,
: Plot > Axis Settings.
26
27: Axis Settings.
28: Axis Settings.
27
27 28,
,
. , PSpice .
,
. Axis Variable
( 29),
, .
29: X Axis Variable.
, x,
y,
: Trace > Add Trace
.
28
30: Add Trace.
31: Add Trace.
29
31
, ,
( 32).
32: R7.
4.4 ( 32),
,
, . , ,
,
: Trace > Cursor > Display ( 33).
30
33: .
,
. ,
34, ,
,
.
34: .
,
, .. Matlab to Excel, -
. , ,
.
35: .
31
, , Edit > Copy
. ,
(Paste) .
Format.
32
5. 5.1 DC ,
( 36) PSpice.
3,
PSpice Schematics.
36: .
, .
: Draw > Get New Part
Schematic ( 37).
33
37: .
, ,
.
,
CTRL+R .
, ,
: Draw > Get New Part. , ,
VDC. ,
Esc.
34
38: .
, ,
Schematic, : Draw > Wire.
,
, (.
3.3).
, ,
( 39).
35
39: .
,
: Edit > Attributes, .
, ,
0, AGND Get New Part.
,
,
.
. , ,
, ,
: Analysis > Display Results on Schematic > Enable
( 40).
36
40: .
41: .
37
PSpice
. ,
- 1.5 V.
, R7
R1, R7
. :
- R7 PSpice,
- , -
,
- ,
- ,
- Probe R7
-
R7 1.5 V.
,
.
, , R7
R1 ( 42).
38
42: R7.
PSpice
default , .. RVAL,
( 43).
43: R7 .
, ,
, Draw >
Get New Part, PARAM ( 44)
.
39
44: R1 .
, default
,
PARAMETERS,
45..
45: R7 default .
40
46, PSpice
default ,
.
46: R7 .
: Analysis > Setup >DC Sweep
.
10 , 10
, 0.1 10k.
41
47: DC SWEEP R7.
.sch
, Pspice
(Simulate) F11.
48.
48: PSpice Simulator.
42
R7, ,
. : Plot > Axis Settings
Axis Variable R7, ,
, R7
, V(R7:1)-V(R7:2).
, . ,
,
. Data Range, Auto Range,
User Define .
, R7
y , Add Trace,
, x. ,
, ,
x.
R7,
, y 49.
43
49: R7.
:
Trace > Cursor > Display .
, .
,
1.5 V,
R7 1.5 V.
44
50:
(.. 1.5V).
50
,
1.5041 V R7 714.035A
R7 :
R7(for 1.5V)=1.5041V/714.035=2106.5
5.2 5.2.1
,
. ,
,
.
45
5.2.1.1 , ,
,
.
, 51, PSpice,
AC Sweep .
51: .
, AC Sweep
, 52. , -
, .
52: AC SWEEP .
46
, ,
,
.
,
0.707
fco=39.714 Hz.
:
fco=R/(2L)=1k/2**4H=39,79 Hz
, transient ,
10Hz 100Hz.
.
53 54.
53: Transient 10Hz.
54: Transient 100Hz.
transient ,
10Hz ,
100Hz , ,
.
47
5.2.1.2 55 -
,
,
(), ().
55: .
56: AC Sweep .
,
,
56. , ,
48
16.286Hz.
:
fco=1/(2**R*C)=1/(2**1k*10uF)=15.92Hz
5.2.2
,
. ,
,
.
5.2.2.1 ,
, -
. 57
.
57: .
49
58: AC Sweep .
58 AC Sweep . , ,
, ,
fco=16.871Hz, :
fco=1/(2**R*C)=1/(2**1k*10uF)=15.92Hz
5.2.2.2
, 59,
,
,
(), ().
59: .
50
60: AC Sweep .
60,
0.707 fco=39.429
Hz. :
fco=R/(2L)=1k/2**4H=39,79 Hz
5.3. p-n p-n
, , ,
. , , p,
, n,
.
.
, , ,
() (OFF). ,
Vthreshold,
.
, ,
. ,
, Vthreshold 0.65 V,
. ,
51
,
. , , -
, .
5.3.1 -V p-n 61, ,
. -
,
, , -
. -
.
61: .
62,
DC Sweep
R2 61.
, R2
. x
, y ,
- .
52
62: - .
62 ,
.
5.3.2 p-n . -
, , ,
,
. 63 ,
. :
Vin=Vosin(2ft)
63: .
53
, 64 ,
(Transient)
20msec,
.
64: .
,
R4 V(R4:2) R(R4:1), 2 -
, (
). 64
. ,
,
. ,
, -
,
0.
5.3.3 p-n .
,
.
, ,
65.
54
65: .
65 66,
.
66: .
, , () -
. ,
,
,
. -
,
. , ,
,
55
. ,
,
.
5.4 ,
,
,
.
, .
.
5.4.1 BJT ,
, (
67). , ,
.
67: BJT .
5.4.1.1 -V BJT
68
.
56
68: BJT IC VCE.
VCE
DC Sweep VCE.
69.
69: IC VCE IB=1mA. B
,
nested sweep DC Sweep
70, -
, .
57
70: DC VCE.
,
70,
. -
.
5.4.2 MOSFET
, .
: ,
. MOSFET
,
VGS Vthreshold
,
. VGS Vthreshold
drain source (VDS)
VGS-Vthreshold,
() drain
source. -
. ,
58
VGS VDS. ,
VDS VGS-Vthreshold
VGS > Vthreshold, ,
.
5.4.2.1 -V MOSFET 71,
(MOSFET).
71: MOSFET ID-VDS.
DC Sweep VDS
VDS
.
72.
59
72: ID VDS VGS=5V.
, ,
nested sweep
DC Sweep , 73,
,
VGS.
73: DC VDS.
,
73,
60
VGS .
: ,
, ,
VDS, , .
MOSFET,
.
5.4.2.2 MOSFET MOSFET
, ,
. 74,
CMOS,
PMOS NMOS.
74: CMOS.
74
Transient , 75,
.
61
75: CMOS .
, 0V,
0, PMOS , NMOS ,
PMOS, 5V, 1. ,
1, NMOS ,
PMOS,
NMOS, 0.
5.4.2.3 MOSFET MOSFET , ,
. 76,
NOR
pseudo-NMOS.
62
76: NOR pseudo-NMOS.
76 -
Transient ,
77, NOR.
77: NOR.
, , PMOS
. 1 0,
63
NMOS , ,
NMOS,
0V, 0. ,
0, 0,
NMOS , PMOS, 1.
1, NMOS ,
0. , 76
NOR ( =(+) ).
64
6.
[1] OrCAD PSpice A/D Reference Manual Version 9.0.
[2] Gua Rpida de Pspice Versin 9.1, Escuela tcnica superior de ingenera departamento de electrotecnia y sistemas, Universidad Pontificia y comillas, Madrid.
[3] MicroSim PSpice & Basics Circuit Analysis Software Users Guide.
[4] CMOS VLSI, N.H. Weste, K.Eshrachian, .
[5] , Sedra/Smith, .
65