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SloveniaEvolution and ProspectsEvolution and Prospects

of Relay Protection,of Relay Protection,Control and AutomationControl and Automation

S stemsS stems

Evolution and ProspectsEvolution and Prospects

of Relay Protection,of Relay Protection,Control and AutomationControl and Automation

S stemsS stems

Presented by: Janez Zakonjek

Actual Trends in Development of Power System

Protection and Automation

Russia, Yekaterinburg, 3 7 June 2013

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M.Sc. degree in Power Engineering 1977 fromUniversity in Ljubljana, Slovenia

15 years with ISKRA Slovenia on relay protection,substation automation and power line carrier eq.

From 1991 to 2005 in ABB Relays, Sweden as product

AboutAbout MyselfMyself

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manager an sen or app cat on spec a stFrom 2006 to 2009 responsible for business andtechnology development in ABS Holdings, Russia

Since Sept. 2009 founder and director of RELARTELtd. consulting company in Slovenia

All professional career with CIGRE

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A bit about relay history (and expressions used)

Why do we strive so strongly towards new

solutions in secondary power systems

Something about the possibility of going back to

What shall I Talk About?What shall I Talk About?

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t e utureCIGRE WG B5.24 on Current and Voltage Digital

Acquisition Chain

Some views on education of young specialists and

Something about modern developing and testing

methods

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Relay DevelopmentRelay Development Hardware and MethodsHardware and Methods

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Continuous development of relay protectionContinuous development of relay protection

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World COWorld CO22 ProducersProducers -- Burning of Fossil FuelsBurning of Fossil Fuels

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11- 29.888.121.000 metric tones of Carbon Dioxide in

2008

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COCO22 Development Through the HistoryDevelopment Through the History

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Future HVAC and HVDC Super GridFuture HVAC and HVDC Super Grid

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Wind Mills Against Wind FarmsWind Mills Against Wind Farms

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To Be Replaced by Renewable Resources?To Be Replaced by Renewable Resources?

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FunctionalFunctional andand HardwareHardware integrationintegration -- 19197575

1

2

10

1 - Distance protection

2 - Three-phase power swing unit

3 - Directional earth fault protection

4 - AC supervision circuits

5 - DC supervision circuits

6 - STUB protection

7 - Auxiliary relays

8 - Fault locator

-

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4 5

6 7

8

9

13 14

15

16

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10 - Disturbance recorder11 - Signaling unit

12 - Parts of event recorder

13 - Breaker failure protection - 1 CB

14 - Tripping relays

15 - Autoreclosing for one CB

16 - Synchrocheck for one CB

17 - Auxiliary transformers for

disturbance recorder

Two relay panels 600 mm x 650 mm x 2250 mm

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FunctionalFunctional andand HardwareHardware IIntegrationntegration -- 19199494

1

2

10






6 - STUB protection


8 - Fault locator

-

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4 5

6 7

8

9

13 14

15

16

17










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FunctionalFunctional andand HardwareHardware integrationintegration -- 19199494

1

2

10






6 - STUB protection


8 - Fault locator

-

++

SELF SUPERVISIONSELF SUPERVISION

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6 7

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13 14

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++

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION++++++++++

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THE DESIGN IS CHANGING

BUT

THE BASIC IDEA REMAINS

No Need to Invent the Wheel AgainNo Need to Invent the Wheel Again

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PERFORMANCESARE IN GENERAL

IMPROVED

1000 1993 ACBC 1000 0

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Modern Substation (Yesterday ?)Modern Substation (Yesterday ?)

RCC

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Modern Substation (Today)Modern Substation (Today)

RCC

IEC 61850

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Modern Substation (Today)Modern Substation (Today)

RCC

IEC 61850

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-22- GOOSE Messaging

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Modern Substation (Today ?)Modern Substation (Today ?)

RCC

IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging

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RCC


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RCC


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25- IEC 61850-9-SV

SAMU SAMUMU MU

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RCC


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SAMU SAMUMU MU

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Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)

RCC


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27- IEC 61850-9-SV

SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT

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RCC


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28- IEC 61850-9-SV


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RCC


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Intelligent Primary

Equipment

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RCC


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Intelligent Primary

Equipment

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RCC


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Intelligent Primary

Equipment

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RCC


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Intelligent Primary

Equipment

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RCC


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Intelligent Primary

Equipment

d b i ( ?)d b i ( ?)

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RCC


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Intelligent Primary

Equipment

M d S b i (T !)M d S b i (T !)

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Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)

RCC


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Intelligent Primary

Equipment

M d S b t ti (T !)M d S b t ti (T !)

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Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)

RCC


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Intelligent Primary

Equipment

IEC 61850-9-xy

I It Di t ib t d C t li dI It Di t ib t d C t li d

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Is It Distributed or CentralizedIs It Distributed or Centralized

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Modern Integrated Substation (Tomorrow !)Modern Integrated Substation (Tomorrow !)

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Modern Integrated Substation (Tomorrow !)Modern Integrated Substation (Tomorrow !)

RCC


RCC


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Intelligent Primary

Equipment

IEC 61850-9-xyIEC 61850-9-xy


Intelligent Primary

Equipment

IEC 61850-9-xy

But! Is It Really So Simple?But! Is It Really So Simple?

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CIGRE WG B5.24 is working on different protection

requirements related to Transient Response of

Voltage and Current Digital Acquisition Chain


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WhatWhat AreAre WeWe ReallyReally DoingDoing in Iin I andand UU CircuitsCircuits

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WhatWhat AreAre WeWe ReallyReally DoingDoing in Iin I andand UU CircuitsCircuits

Digitalsignal

processing

ignal

ent

Logicand

communication

PrimaryCo

nductor

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Ethernetswitchp

rocessbusIEC61850-9-2D

igital

adjust

Digitalsignal

adjustment

D

igitalsignal

adjustment


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CIGRE WG B5.24 is working on different protection

requirements related to Transient Response of

Voltage and Current Digital Acquisition Chain


2,0

2,5

3,0

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-2,0

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Time [ms]

Secondary

curren

t[A]

TPX Ts = 3000 ms

TPZ Ts = 60 ms

Diff current

Primary time constant

Tp = 120 ms

GeneratorGenerator ReverseReverse PowerPower ProtectionProtection

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GeneratorGenerator ReverseReverse PowerPower ProtectionProtection

Q/SN

P/SN

-1 +1

z.B: -0,005

The angle error influence is

larger at sensitive settings.

For generator protectionapplication the assumed

angle error of 0.5 - 1 is

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too high. The angle errormust be lower than 0.1.

EarthEarth FaultsFaults IsolatedIsolated oror CompensatedCompensated SystemsSystems

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Minimum primary earth fault currents in dependence of system

voltage

Voltage level 6 kV 10 kV 20 kV

Primary fault current 0,69 A 1,15 A 2,31 A


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The healthy line

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pera on

IC Phase angle errorcan cause unwantedoperation

Imeas.

Earth Fault Normal Operating Condition

Necessary to Present a Bode Diagram for MUNecessary to Present a Bode Diagram for MU

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Necessary to Present a Bode Diagram for MUNecessary to Present a Bode Diagram for MU

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1 .103

1 .104

15

10

5

0

Magnitude

dB

3

HdB f( )

f

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H 50( ) 1=

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1 .103

1 .104

50

0

Phase

in Hz

degree Ph f( )

f

Ph 50( ) 3.624=

Educate young Protection EngineersEducate young Protection Engineers

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Why transformer can nottransform DC current?

Y, Z and Delta connected CTs

Investigate distance


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What is mutual coupling?

How is defined DC timeconstant of short circuitcurrent

Etc

EducateEducate YoungYoung ProtectionProtection EngineersEngineers

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EducateEducate YoungYoung ProtectionProtection EngineersEngineers

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Young Engineer should have deep knowledge on powersystem and its elements updated according to theirdevelopment

His knowledge should be excellent from the abnormalconditions point of view

He should know what is a power and what is a point whatis a ower s stem and what a tool screw driver or

ducate you g otect o g ee sducate you g otect o g ee s

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computer)

Must be able to judge what computer is telling him

HW and SW play the same role as moving discs, coils,transistors and logic circuits long ago

Vendors should stop training them pressing buttons

They should be paid according to their responsibility

We, teachers and mentors must change our approach

TestingTesting AccordingAccording toto SystemSystem RequirementsRequirements (1994)(1994)

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gg gg yy qq ( )( )

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Modern TechnologiesModern Technologies Modern Testing MethodsModern Testing Methods

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gg gg

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50- Multi Modular Converters

ConclusionConclusion ??

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Documents

Семинар Cigre SC B5 -4