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マスタ サブタイトルの書式設定Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved
EPE-PEMC-ECCE’12Keynote Speech
2012.9.5Corporate Chief Engineer
Rail Systems CompanyHitachi, Ltd.
Masato Iwataki
Present Status and Future Prospects ofHigh Speed / High PowerElectric Traction Systems
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved
1. In order to maintain its daily activities, it is essential to secure its means of transportation.
2. The railway system is a most effective solution for the large capacity and high speed transportation.
3. I will introduce the relationship between the railway system and power-electronics development, and explain my expectations for future of power-electronics.
1 . Abstract
2
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved
Application of Power Semiconductor Devices
3
(km/h)
ServiceSpeed
Year1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
300
200
100
140160
200
260
300320
110
210 220
270300320
Japan
Europe
2. History of Maximum Train Speed (Europe/Japan)
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved
1. Higher rigidity and lighter-weight carbody construction(wood → steel →reinforced plastic)
2. Development in bogie technology for stable running conditions
3. Higher traction performance(steam engine→ diesel engine → electric traction)
4. Higher reliability in traffic control systems(tablet → wayside signal → on-board signal)
5. Reinforcement of track and power supply feeder system
3. Key Technologies of High Speed Rail (HSR)
4
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved
1. Steam EngineRevolution limit due to reciprocation of piston
2. Diesel EnginePower limit due to volume and weight of on-board machine
3. Electric TractionIncrease in output based on development of power semiconductor devices and insulation technology
5
4. Transition of Traction Systems
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved6
5. Railway & Power Semiconductors
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
PowerSemi-conductor
DC PowerSupply
AC PowerSupply
TractionMotor
Diode Transistor Thyristor GTO IGBT
Rheostat Chopper Inverter
Rectifier Phase Control 4-quadrant
DC Motor 3 Phase AC Motor
Category
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved
1. Diode and TransistorAdopted for early traction control systems
2. Silicon Controlled Rectifier and GTOAdopted for DC chopper control and AC phase control
3. IGBTCurrent mainstream deviceContributing to the realization of higher speeds, higher voltage and larger current operation
6. Power Semiconductor Devices and HSR
7
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved8
7. Power Semiconductor Application in Railway
100 1k 10k 100k 1M
Power IC
OpticalThyristor
PowerMOS FET
SiC
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
IGBT
Current Status of Railway Application
Near Future
Operational Frequency (Hz)
Tran
sduc
ing
Pow
er (W
)(r
ated
vol
tage
x r
ated
cur
rent
) MainstreamDevices
3.3kV 1500A6.5kV 1000A
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved9
8. History of Power Semiconductor Traction
A
Chopper
FD
F
Motor
Pantograph
DC Power Line
Chopper Control + DC Motor
(DC Power Supply System 1)
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved10
9. Transition of Chopper Devices
Thyristor GTO IGBT
MThATh
CmL
CmC
MTh
Snubber Circuit
MTr
Smaller and Lighter Choppers with Simplified Circuits
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved11
10. History of Power Semiconductor Traction
Pantograph
DC Power Line
INV
Motor
M
Inverter
Inverter + AC Motor
(DC Power Supply System 2)
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved12
11. Transition of Inverter Devices
Thyristor GTO IGBT
Smaller and Lighter Inverters with Simplified Circuits
MTr
MTr
MThATh
CmL
CmC
MThATh
CmL
CmC
MTh
Snubber Circuit
MTh
Snubber Circuit
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved13
12. History of Power Semiconductor Traction
Pantograph
AC Power Line
TCG
AF
Motor
Tap Change Control + Si Diode Rectifier + DC Motor
(AC Power Supply System 1)
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13. Transition of Diode Rectifiers
Diode Rectifier Output : 1630 kW, 1600V
Diode : 1200V, 300A Diode : 2500V, 800A
10S – 4P – 4A 6S – 1P – 4A160 Diodes (Stud type)
24 Diodes(Flat type)
1650 × 780 × 650 1650 × 780 × 650× 2 Boxes × 1 Box
L H W L H W
(Example in Japan)
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved15
14. History of Power Semiconductor Traction
Pantograph
AC Power Line
AF
Motor
Thyristor Phase Control + DC Motor
(AC Power Supply System 2)
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15. History of Power Semiconductor Traction
(AC Power Supply System 3)
Pantograph
AC Power Line
AC Motor
CONV INV M
4 Quadrant Converter + AC Motor
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16. Transition of Converters and Inverters
Improvement of Equipment in Germany
DC LinkCapacitor
CommutationCircuit
With Thyristor With GTO Thyristor
P
N
R
P
N
R
Equipment Weight: 7.8 t 4.3 t(Same Power Output )
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved18
17. Weight Reduction of Traction Equipments
(Example in Japanese HSR )
Tap Change + Rectifier + DC motor
Thyristor Phase Control + DC motor
Weight / Output10 (kg / kW)5
3.5
11.5
GTO + AC motor
IGBT+ AC motor
①
②
③
④
5
8.5
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18. Effect of High Frequency Converters
19
Inverter
Conventional APS APS with High Frequency Converter
CommercialFrequencyTransformer
3 phaseAlternatingcurrent
Inverter
Weight : 600kg
3 Phasealternatingcurrent
High FrequencyTransformer
Weight : 150kg
DC Power Line
DC Power Line
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved20
19. Example of Converters for Japanese HSR
Duct
Electric BlowerIGBT Module
FinHeat PipeAir Filter
Detachable for maintenance
Rolling Stock
Converter
Converter for High Speed Train
Cross-section of Converter
Air Flow
(Containing Power Unit)
Power Unit
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved
High Speed railway is essential for maintaining
a sustainable global environment.
Expectations are high for electrical electronics systems and power semiconductor devices.
1. Larger Capacity (Voltage & Current)
2. Lower Loss (Higher Operation Frequency)
3. Higher EMC(Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)
4. Higher Performance (Reinforcement of Safety Measures)
5. Lower Costs
20. Future Prospects: Expectations for PE
21
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22
Thank You for Your Attention
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved