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2 15

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11 49

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13 74

14 79

15 81

16 84

17 86

18 87

19 90

20 93

21 95

22 97

23 98

24 100

25 102

26 105

27 108

28 110

29 116

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31 / 121

32 123

33 125

34 127

35 / 130

36 130

37 130

38 134

39 137

40 139

309

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165

183

199

223

243

261

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1 1101

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1999

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1 240 35

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5

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13 13 * BF03 < >{<}

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1999 44 628-33

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181

18 14 2 25 9

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?// < >

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12

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?

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33 1

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10 10 * SM01

2

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3

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33

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5

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9 9 * OM011 12 < >{<}

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3

5.

TUFS D

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20 161 YM07 BF01

116

1 BF01 20 YM07 20

[<####>{<},,

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19 18 * YM07

20 19 * BF01 < >{<}21 20 * YM07 < >{>}22 21 * YM0723 22 * YM07

1 1-1 ⁄ BF01

24 23 * YM0725 24 * BF01 26 25 * YM0727 26 * BF01 28 27 * YM07

D

2 3 1 2 3

23

2 YM09 10 YM10 10 2

211 201 * YM10212 202 * YM09 ?213 203 * YM10214 204 * YM09

,,216 206 * YM09217 205-2 * YM10

218 207 * YM09

219 208 * YM10 ?220 209 * YM09 < >221 210 * YM10 ##222 211 * YM09 < >223 212 * YM10 ?

224 213 * YM09 <YM10 >

225 214 * YM10 < >226 215 * YM09

227 216 * YM10

228 217 * YM09

215 205-1 ⁄ YM10

229 218 * YM10 MM230 219 * YM09 MM231 220 * YM10 ?232 221 * YM09

3 YM09 10 YM10 10 2

318 298 * YM09319 299 * YM10 =320 300 * YM10 =321 301 * YM09322 302 * YM10323 303 * YM09324 304 * YM10325 305 * YM09 < >326 306 * YM10 ##327 307 * YM09328 308 * YM10 < >329 309 * YM09 < > < >330 310 * YM10 < > <YM09 >331 311 * YM09 ?332 312 * YM10333 313 * YM09 <YM10 >334 314 * YM10 < > [ ]

BTS 2

4 4 14

4 BM12 OM45 2

1 1 * BM12

2 2 * OM45 ?3 3 * BM124 4 * BM12

D

4

BTS 2

D

1994 1994

1994 7 4-9.1994

7 10-18.

6.40

BTS 2

10 3

1 72

10 9 12 4

3

1 3

1 BF06 OM17 14 OM17 BF06

1 BF06 20 OM17 20

1 1-1 ⁄ BF06 5 ,,2 2 * OM173 1-2 * BF064 3 * OM17

5 4-1 ⁄ BF061 2

,,

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17 11 * BF06/ 5 / 5

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22 16 * BF06< >{>}

1 2

2 23 44 ?

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2 BM12 20 YM46 20

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2 BM12 YM46BM12 YM46

YM46 BM12YM46

22

7.40

BTS 2

41

41 2 1

1 BF08BF08 YF27

1 BF08 20 YF27 20

1 1 * BF08 ?2 2 * YF273 3 * BF08 ?4 4 * YF275 5 * BF08 ?6 6 * YF277 7 * YF278 8 * BF08 ?

9 9 * BF08 ?

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2 SF42 BF42

3 BF18 20 OM52 20

1 1 * BF18?

2 2 * OM523 3 * BF184 4 * BF185 5 * OM526 6 * BF187 7 * BF18

8 8 * OM52

9 9 * BF18

2 SF42 20 BF 20

27 25 * SF42 528 26 * BF1929 27 * SF42 ?30 28 * SF4231 29 * BF1932 30 * SF4233 31-1 ⁄ BF19 5 6 ,,34 32 * SF42 635 31-2 * BF19 < >{<}36 33 * SF42 < >{>}37 34 * BF19 < >{<}38 35 * SF42 < >{>}39 36 * SF42 < >{<}40 37 * BF19 < >{>}

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3 BF18 OF52BF18 OM52

8.

11 08 20 08 20

1 1 * 082 2 * 08 ?3 3 * 084 4 * 085 5 * 08 ?6 6 * 08 ?7 7 * 088 8 * 089 9 * 08 4

10 10 * 0811 11 * 0812 12 * 08 ?13 13 * 08 2 414 14 * 08 ?15 15 * 0816 16 * 08 ?17 17 * 08

18 18 * 0819 19 * 08

111

2 20

2 113 13 13

1

1 2 20

3 1 2

12 13 20 13 20

1 1 * 13 [ ]2 2 * 13 !?3 3 * 13 504 4 * 13 50 ?5 5 * 13 50 106 6 * 13 13 4

1 23 OF9 OF 10

333 324 * OF10334 325 * OF9 ?335 326 * OF10 S336 327 * OF9 < >{<}337 328 * OF10 < ?>{>}338 329 * OF9 339 330 * OF10 <## >{<}340 331 * OF9 < >{>}341 332 * OF10342 333 * OF9 ?343 334 * OF10344 335 * OF10345 336 * OF10346 337 * OF9 347 338 * OF10348 339 * OF10 < >{<}349 340 * OF9 < >{>} ? [ ]350 341 * OF10

3 1 2 OF10?

342 1 21 349

2

12

9.40

1 BF03YF01 BF03 YF01

YF011

11 BF03 YF01

48 46 * BF03

49 47 * YF01<

>{<}

50 49 * BF03

< >{>}

51 48 * YF01

52 50 * BF03

53 51 * YF0154 52 * BF03 ?55 53 * BF03 ?56 54-1 ⁄ YF01 2 3 ,,57 55 * BF0358 54-2 * YF01

59 56 * YF01?

<2 >

60 57 * BF03

2119

3 4

12 BF08 SM03

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13 BM02 SM01

50 49 * JBM02 ?

51 50 * SM01

52 51 * JBM02 53 52 * SM01

54 53 * JBM02 [

]

55 54 * SM01

56 55 * JBM02

57 56 1 ⁄ JBM02 ,,58 57 * SM0159 56 2 ⁄ JBM02 < >,,60 58 1 ⁄ SM01 < >{<},,61 56 3 * JBM02 < >{>}

1

4 YM1YM2 YM1 35

4

15 YM7 YM8

77 73 * YM7

78 74 * YM8 ? <YM7

>

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14 YM1 YM2

33 31 * YM1 ?34 32-1 ⁄ YM2 ,,35 33 * YM136 32-2 ⁄ YM2 < >{<},,37 34 * YM1 < >{>} ?38 32 * YM2

90 86 * YM7 91 87 * YM7 < >{<}

92 88 * YM8 < >{>}

93 89 * YM7 < > < >{<}

4 86 YM8YM7

1 52 3

4 5

1

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38 37 * SM01

39 38 * BF03 40 39 * SM01 < >{<}< >

41 40-1 ⁄ BF03< > < >{>}

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42 41 * SM01 ?43 40-2 * BF03 ?

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7 YF016 BF03

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76 71 * BF08 / /

?

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84 77 * BF08 < >{>}

85 78 * SM03 < >{>}

86 79 * BF08

87 80 * BF08 ' ' ?88 81-1 ⁄ SM03 ### < >{<},,

89 82 * BF08 < >{>}

90 81-2 * SM03 ?

91 83-1 ⁄ BF08 #### ,,

92 84 * SM0393 83-2 * BF08 94 85 * SM0395 86 * SM03 ?96 87 * BF08

97 88-1 ⁄ BF08 ?,,

98 89 * SM0399 88-2 * BF08 ?100 90 * SM03 < >{<}101 91 * BF08 < ?>{>}

102 92 * SM03< >{<}

< >

103 93 * BF08 <### >{>}

104 94 * SM03

105 95 * BF08

106 96 * BF08 < ?>{<}107 97 * SM03 < >{>} ?108 98 * BF08 < >{<}

109 99 * SM03< >{>} ?<

>

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118 107 * SM03 BF08

8 BF08107 109

BF08

29 BF11 30 OM04 40

64 57 * OM04

65 58 * OM04/ / < >

66 59 * BF11 ?

67 60 * OM04

68 61 * OM04

69 62 * BF11 < >{<}70 63 * OM04 < >{>}

9 OM0466

OM04

210 BF11 30 OM04 40

93 85 * BF11

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10 101 BF11102 OM04

211 BF11 30 YF01 20

9 9 * YF01?

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13 13 * BF11 / /<2 >

< >{<}

14 14 * BF11 < >{>}15 15 * YF01 ?

16 16 * BF11 < >{<}

17 17 * YF01 < >{>} ?18 18 * BF11

11 10 14

15

98 90 * OM04

99 91 * BF11 < >100 92 * BF11 < >

101 93 * BF11/ 3 /

< ?>{<}

102 94 * OM04< >{>} 2< >{<}

103 95 * BF11 < >{>}< >

2

212

79 78 * JI2 ?80 79 * JB281 80 * JB2 ?82 81 * JI2 <2 >83 82 * JB2 < >84 83 * JB2 / / ?85 84 * JI2 <2 >

86 85-1 ⁄ JI2

CM CM

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87 86 * JB2 < >{>}88 85-2 * JI2

89 87 * JI2

90 88 * JB2

12 2 ? JB2

12

213

123 119 * JB2

124 120 * JB2 ?

125 121 * JI2 2 <

>

126 122 * JI2 < >{<}

127 123 * JB2 < >{>}128 124 * JI2

129 125 * JI2 < >{<}

130 126 * JB2 < >{>}

131 127 * JI2

132 128 * JB2

133 129 * JI2

134 130 * JI2 CM

135 131-1 ⁄ JB2 ,,136 132 * JI2 < >{<}137 131-2 * JB2 < >{>}138 133 * JB2 139 134 * JB2 ?140 135 * JI2 141 136 * JI2

13 12 ? ?? ?

12

214 M6 M1

393 341 * M6 ?394 342-a ⁄ M1 //,,395 342-b ⁄ M1 N //,,396 342-c * M1 N NN

397 343 * M6

398 344 * M6

399 345 * M1

14 M62

215 F2 F3

181 143 * F2 ?182 144 * F3 183 145-a ⁄ F2 //,,184 145-b * F2 ?185 146-1 ⁄ F3 ,,186 147 * F2 N ?

187 146-2 * F3 N

15 15? F3

F2 F315 ?

216 F3 F4

4 4 * F3F4

N?

5 5 * F4 6 6 * F3 ?7 7 * F4

8 8 * F3 ?9 9 * F4

16

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217 YF7 YF8

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276 256 * YF7 [?]

277 257 * YF8 < > ?278 258 * YF7 =

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17 YF7YF8

279

1 5/172 12/17

10.

TUFS D- BTS2

D-

1 1 * 2 2 * 3 3 * ?4 4 *5 5 * 6 6 * ?7 7 *8 8 * 9 9 *

D-

3 ?4

17 6

1D-

11 2

31

10 — 1YF3 YF4

188 181-1 ⁄ YF3 < >{>}

30 ,,

189 182 * YF4 < >{<}190 181-2 * YF3 < >{>} < >{<}191 183 * YF4 < >{>} ?192 184 * YF3

193 185 * YF4 ?

194 186 * YF4 < >{<}195 187 * YF3 < >{>} ?< >196 188 * YF4 ? ?197 189 * YF3198 190 * YF3199 191 * YF4 ?200 192 * YF3 < >201 193 * YF4 < >{<}202 194 * YF3 < >{>}203 195 * YF4 < >

204 196 * YF3 < > ? < >{<}205 197 * YF4 <YF3>{>}

198 YF3YF4 ? 200

YF3

202200

YF3< > < >

< >

2

10 — 2YF9 YF10

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10 10 * YM1011 11 * YM9 < >12 12 * YM9 ?13 13 * YM10

1 ? YM9 6 8YM10 ?

1 6 7

?

11.40

11 BF11 YM03

1 1 * BF112 2 * YM033 3 * BF11 BF114 4 * YM03 YM035 5 * YM036 6 * BF11 <2 >

7 7 * YM03 < >

8 8 * BF11?

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1 BF11 YM038 ?

1

2 BF11 YM03

48 48 * BF11 < >

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50 50 * BF11 < >{<}

51 51 * YM03 < ?>{>}52 52 * BF11

53 53 * BF11 ??" "

54 54 * YM0355 55 * BF11 56 56 * YM03 ?57 57 * BF11

58 58 * BF11

59 59 * YM0360 60 * BF11

TUFS D-2 D-

2 BF11YM03 BF101

56? 2

3 BF03 30 YM01 20

3 3 * BF03 BF03

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9 9 * BF03

10 10 * YM0211 11 * BF03 ?12 12 * YM02 213 13 * BF0314 14 * YM02

YM02BF03 11

?

4 JBM01 30 SM01 30

55 52 * JBM01 < ?>{<}

56 53 * SM01< >{>}

57 54 * JBM01 [ ]

58 55 * SM0159 56 * JBM01 < >{<}

60 57-1 ⁄ SM01

< >{>}

<>,,

61 58 * JBM01

62 57-2 * SM01

63 59 * JBM01?

64 60 * SM01/ 3 /

< >

65 61 * JBM01 < >66 62 * SM01 [ ]

67 63 * SM0150 1

< >{<}

68 64 * JBM01 < >{>}69 65 * SM01

JBM01 SM01

63

5 JBM02 30 YM01 20

27 26 * JBM02 /5 / ?

28 27 * YM01< >

?< >

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32 31 * YM01

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34 33 * YM01## ### 1

[]

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10 20

37 36 * JBM02 38 37 * YM01

39 38 * YM01

2 34

[]

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48 47 * JBM02

2030 ## <2

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< >

5YM01

JBM02 45 YM01?

6 JFB 20 JFS 20

42 40 * JFS

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60 57 * JFS

61 49

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82 75 * BF11

< >

83 76 * OM04 ?84 77 * BF1185 78 * OM0486 79 * BF11 < >

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28 BF11 SF11

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829

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2

29 BF11 YF01

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9 75YF01 ? BF11

75

75

210 BF03 30 OF01 40

27 26 * OF01

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29 28-1 ⁄ OF01< >{>}

,,

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35 33 * OF01

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38 36-1 ⁄ OF01 < >,,

39 37 * BF03

40 36-2 * OF01 < >

41 38 * OF01 BF03 ?

42 39 * BF03

43 40 * OF01 ? [ ]44 41 * BF03 45 42 * OF0146 43 * OF01 ?

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>

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37 34-1 ⁄ BF03 ,,

38 35 * SF01 39 34-2 * BF03

11 30 SF01

2

212 BF03 30 SM01 30

1 1 * SM01 ?

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8 8 * SM01 SM01

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13 13 * BF03 < >{<}

14 14 * SM01<

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21 21 * SM01 4

1219 ?

2

1 6/122 6/12 2

78 12

2 1

12.40

11

53 53 * JB2 ?54 54 * J2 55 55 * JB2 ?56 56 * J2 9657 57 * JB2 96

1 55?

2 M1 F1

98 73 * M1 ?99 74 * F1 ? N100 75 * M1 ? < >101 76 * M1

2 ?1

3 M1 M6

1 1 * M1 2 2 * M6 ?< > ?3 3 * M6 4 4 * M6 ? 10 ?

5 5-a ⁄ M1 10 10

//,,

6 5-b * M1 N

10 45

7 6 * M6 N

3 2

4 M1 M6

29 21 * M1 ?30 22 * M6 7

31 23 * M1 732 24 * M6

4 29 ?

5 M3 M4

9 7 * M3

10 8 * M3 11 9 * M4 ?12 10 * M3 13 11 * M4 ?14 12 * M3

5 M3 M4

1

6 M3 M4

9 7 * M3

10 8 * M3 11 9 * M4 ?12 10 * M3 13 11 * M4 ?14 12 * M3 15 13 * M4 ?16 14 * M3 17 15 * M4 18 16 * M3 2

19 17 * M4 < > < >

20 18 * M3

21 19 * M4 ?22 20 * M3 3 3 10 5 10 223 21 * M4 ?24 22 * M3

6 5 M321

?

7 M3 M4

133 121 * M4 ?134 122 * M3 6135 123 * M4 N?136 124 * M3

7 M3 M4

1

8 F2 F3

1 1 * F3 < > ? 92 2-a ⁄ F2 9 //,,

3 2-b * F2 171819 ' '

81

9 YM1 YM2

151 134 * YM1 152 135 * YM2 153 136 * YM1 6

154 137 * YM2 < > ?155 138 * YM1 ?156 139 * YM2 ?157 140-1 ⁄ YM2 ,,158 141 * YM1 159 140-2 * YM2 160 142 * YM1 161 143 * YM2 ?162 144 * YM1 163 145 * YM2 ? < >164 146 * YM1

9 6YM1 6 YM2

YM2 153 6YM2 156

?1

10 YM5 YM6

40 39 * YM6 ?41 40 * YM5 42 41 * YM6 43 42 * YM5 < >{<}44 43 * YM6 < >{>}45 44 * YM5 46 45 * YM6 47 46 * YM6 48 47 * YM5 49 48 * YM6

50 49 * YM5 ?

51 50 * YM6 ? < >{<}52 51 * YM5 < >{>} <YM6 >53 52 * YM5 54 53-1 ⁄ YM6 ,,

55 54 * YM5 2 <22 >{<}

56 53-2 * YM6 < 2 >{>} 2 22 ?

10YM5

?

55YM6 YM5 50

1

11 YM9 YM10

310 290 * YM10311 291 * YM10312 292 * YM9 313 293 * YM10 [ ]314 294 * YM9 315 295 * YM10 ?316 296 * YM9 2 33317 297 * YM10

11

315 ?1

12

1 1 * 14 ?2 2 * 14 7 6 50 < >{<}3 3 * 14 < >{>}

121

13 BF02 SF2

1 1-1 ⁄ JBF02 < > 1 ,,2 2 * JSF23 1-2 ⁄ JBF02 ,,4 3 * JSF25 1-3 * JBF02 ?6 4 * JSF2 ?7 5 * JBF028 6 * JSF2 < >9 7 * JBF02

10 8 * JSF2 < ?>{<}11 9 * JBF02 < >{>}12 10 * JBF0213 11 * JSF2 ?14 12 * JSF2 ?15 13 * JBF0216 14 * JBF02 ?17 15 * JBF02 ?18 16 * JSF219 17 * JBF0220 18 * JBF0221 19 * JBF0222 20 * JSF2

13 JBF02 JSF0213 16

14 BF06 OM17

1 1-1 ⁄ JBF06 5 ,,2 2 * JOM17

3 1-2 * JBF064 3 * JOM17

5 4-1 ⁄ JBF061 2

,,

6 5 * JOM17 7 4-2 ⁄ JBF06 1 2 ,,8 6 * JOM17 9 4-3 ⁄ JBF06 ,,10 7 * JOM17 11 4-4 ⁄ JBF06 ,,12 8 * JOM17 13 4-5 * JBF0614 9 * JOM17 15 10 * JOM17 ?

17 12 * JBF06/ 5 / 5

18 13 * JOM17 519 14 * JBF0620 15 * JOM17

14JBF06 JOM17

15

1

15 BM07 YM59

1 1 * JBM07 2

2 2 * JYM59

3 3 * JBM07 ?

4 4 * JYM59 5 5 * JBM07 6 6 * JYM59 ?7 7 * JBM07

8 8 * JYM59 ?

10 10 * JBM07

11 11 * JYM59 < >{<}12 12 * JBM07 < >{>}13 13 * JYM59 14 14 * JBM07

15 14

1

16 BM11 SF22

1 1 * JBM11

2 2 * JSF22 / 1 /3 3 * JBM11 4 4 * JBM11 ?5 5-1 ⁄ JSF22 ,,6 6 * JBM11 7 5-2 * JSF228 7 * JBM11 9 8 * JSF22 < >

10 9 * JBM11 < >11 10 * JBM11 12 11 * JBM11 ?13 12 * JSF2214 13 * JBM11 15 14 * JSF22

16 14 151

17 BF14 OF37

1 1 * JBF142 2 * JOF373 3 * JBF14 1 ?4 4 * JOF37

5 5 * JBF14

6 6 * JOF377 7 * JOF37 ?8 8-1 ⁄ JBF14 ,,9 9 * JOF37

10 8-2 * JBF1411 10 * JOF3712 11 * JBF14 ?13 12 * JOF3714 13 * JBF14

17

18 BF14 SF38

20 20 * JBF14 ?21 21 * JSF3822 22 * JBF14 ?23 23 * JSF3824 24 * JBF14

25 25-1 ⁄ JSF38 <###>{<},,

26 26 * JBF14 < >{>}27 25-2 * JSF3828 26 * JSF3829 27 * JBF1430 28 * JSF3831 29 * JBF14

32 30 * JSF38 ?32 31 * JBF14 < >{<}33 32 * JSF38 < ' '>{>}34 33 * JBF14

18

19 BF16 SF32

1 1 * JBF162 2 * JSF32 ?

3 3 * JBF16

4 4 * JSF32 ?5 5 * JBF166 6 * JSF327 7 * JSF32 ?8 8 * JBF16 89 9 * JSF32

10 10-1 ⁄ JSF32 ,,11 11 * JBF1612 10-2 * JSF3213 12 * JBF16 ?14 13 * JSF3215 14 * JBF1616 15 * JSF3217 16 * JBF1618 17 * JSF3219 18 * JBF16

19 13 1813 18

13 JBF16JSF32 ?

20 BF17 YF19

1 1 * JBF17 ?

2 2 * JYF19

3 3 * JYF19 24 4 * JBF175 5-1 ⁄ JBF17 ,,6 6 * JYF197 5-2 ⁄ JBF17 ,,8 7 * JYF199 5-3 * JBF17 ?

10 8 * JYF1911 9 * JYF19 ?12 10 * JBF17 ' '13 11 * JYF19

20 JBF17 JYF19

1

21 BF18 OM52

1 1 * JBF18?

2 2 * JOM52 3 3 * JBF184 4 * JBF185 5 * JOM52 6 6 * JBF187 7 * JBF18

8 8 * JOM52

9 9 * JBF18

10 10 * JOM52 11 11 * JBF1812 12 * JBF18

21

22 BM18 SM53

1 1 * JBM18 ?

2 2 * JSM533 3 * JBM18 ?4 4 * JSM535 5 * JBM18 ?6 6 * JSM53 ' '7 7 * JBM18 ?8 8 * JSM539 9 * JBM18 ?

10 10 * JSM5311 11 * JBM1812 12 * JSM53 ?13 13 * JBM1814 14 * JSM53 < >{<}

22 5 ?9 ?

1

23 BF19 OF50

1 1 * JBF19 < >

2 2 * JBF191

?

3 3 * JOF50 ?< >

4 4 * JBF195 5 * JOF506 6 * JBF197 7 * JBF19 ?8 8-1 ⁄ JOF50 2 ,,9 9 * JBF19

10 8-2 * JOF5011 10 * JBF19

13 11-1 ⁄ JBF19 1,,

14 12 * JOF5015 11-2 * JBF19 ?16 13 * JOF5017 14 * JBF19 ?

18 15-1 ⁄ JOF50 2,,

19 16 * JBF1920 15-2 * JOF5021 17 * JBF19

1

24 BF20 YF49

1 1 * JBF202 2 * JYF49

3 3 * JBF20 ?

4 4 * JYF49

5 5 * JBF20

6 6 * JYF497 7 * JBF208 8 * JBF20

9 9 * JYF4910 10 * JBF20 ?11 11 * JYF4912 12 * JBF2013 13 * JYF4914 14 * JBF2015 15 * JYF4916 16 * JBF2017 17 * JYF4918 18 * JBF2019 19 * JYF49

24 11

1

2

225 JBM01 30 SF01 20

104 100 * SF01105 101 * JBM01 2106 102 * SF01 2107 103 * JBM01 < >{<}

108 104 * SF01

< >{>}' '

< >

25 12 25

104

JBM01 2 SF01

1 24/252 1/25

2 1

13.40

? /

11

38 38 * 11 ?39 39 * 11 A4 70 < ??>{<}40 40 * 11 < >{>}41 41 * 1142 42 * 1143 43 * 11

1 38?

A4 70 381

2

1 1 * 15 ?

2 2-1 / 15 190,,3 3 * 15 ?4 2-2 / 15 190,,5 4 * 15 ?6 2-3 * 15 1937 5 * 15 < ?>{<}8 6 * 15 < >{>}9 7 * 15

10 8 * 1511 9 * 1512 10 * 15 ?13 11-1 / 15 190,,14 12-1 / 15 < >{<},,15 11-2 * 15 < >{>}16 12-2 * 1517 13 * 15 < >{<}18 14 * 15 < >{>} 3

21 12

1

3

81 78 * JB1 82 79 * JB1 < >83 80 * JI1 ?84 81 * JB1 <4 >{<}85 82 * JI1 <4 >{>} ?

3

JI1

4

17 14 * F5 C

18 15 * F5" F6 A

"

19 16 * F6 < >20 17 * F521 18 * F622 19 * F623 20 * F524 21 * F6 2025 22 * F5

4 1 31

5

44 30 * F1 45 32 * M1 N46 33-1 / F1 N < >{<},,47 34 * M1 < >{>} N48 33-2 * F1 NNN49 35 * M1 50 36 * F1 N51 37 * M1 N52 38 * F1 53 39 * M1 ?54 40 * F1 3 N55 41 * M1 3 N N56 42 * M1 ?57 43 * F1 SSSS < >

F153 ?

1

6

217 179 * F5

218 180 * F5< > M2

219 181 * M2 8' '220 182 * F5 2221 183 * M2

6 1 F5M2

7

51 47 * F6 ?52 48 * F6 ?53 49 * M2 654 50 * F6

7 ? F6 M2F6 ?

511

8

55 51 * F6 ?56 52 * F6 7' '?57 53 * M2 858 54 * F6

8 71

9

314 242-a / M2 //,,

315 242-b / M2 NN //,,

316 242-c * M2NNN

317 243 * F6318 244 * F6 ?319 245 * M2 3320 246 * F6 NN

9 7 8 ?1

10

385 300 * F6 ?386 301 * M2 2387 302 * F6 388 303 * M2 < > N

101 385

?

11

16 15 * YM7 ?17 16 * YM8 18 17 * YM7 < > ?

19 18 * YM8 ? <YM7 >20 19 * YM7

11

YM7 ?

1

12

56 56 * YM03 ?57 57 * BF11

58 58 * BF11

121

1 12/122 0/17

3

14.

1 TUFS

1

60 58 * OF04

61 59 * BF12

62 60 * OF04

63 61 * OF04

64 62 * BF12 < >{<}

65 63 * OF04

< >{>}

< >

66 64 * BF12

OF04 BF12

2

156 151 * JB1 < ?>{>}157 152 * JB1158 153 * JI1 ?159 154 * JB1

160 155 * JB1

161 156 * JI1 ?162 157 * JB1 < >{<}163 158 * JI1 < >{>} ?164 159 * JB1

157 160163

15

/TUFS D- BTS

2

D-

1 1 * ?2 2 * 3 3 * ?4 4 *

5 5 *

6 6 * 7 7 * 10 ?8 8 * 9 9 *

D-3

14

7 1

3 57

1

1 2 1

1

41 39-1 / OF01 ,,42 40 * JBM01 < >{<} ?

43 39-2 * OF01< >{>} < >< >

44 41 * JBM01 < > ?45 42 * OF01 5

46 43 * JBM01?

< >

47 44 * OF01 < >{<}

48 45 * JBM01 < >{>}

1 7

8 9

OF01 46 JBM01?

1

2

2

11 11 * 0912 12 * 0913 13 * 09

14 14 * 09 1

15 15 * 09 3<2 >

16 16 * 09 < >17 17 * 09 < >

0914 09 1

1

2

1 12 1309 14

16.

1 26 224 3 15

1 2

1 1

1

5 5 * OM016 6-1 / JBM02 ,,7 7 * OM01 < >{<}8 6-2 * JBM02 < >{>}9 8 * OM01

2 2

2

15 15 * JBM02 / /16 16 * YF0117 17 * YF0118 18 * JBM02 [ ]19 19 * YF01

YF01 1915 JBM02

?

3 3

3

3 3 * YF01 YF014 4 * YF01 < >{<}5 5 * BF03 < >{>}6 6 * BF03 ?7 7 * YF018 8 * BF03 ?9 9 * YF01

10 10 * BF03

4 3

4

1 1 * P03 S052 2 * S05 ?< >3 3 * P03 < >{<}4 4 * S05 < ? >{>} < ? ?>{<}

5 5 * P03 < ? >{>}?

S05

1992 792

1992

1992

17.

? … ?1 30

1 11 BF03 30 SF01 30 2

50 45 * SF01 ?

51 46 * BF03

52 47 * BF03 < >

12

2 BF12 30 OM04 40 2

7 7 * OM04 ?8 8 * BF12 < >{<}9 9 * OM04 < >{>} ?

10 10 * BF12

11 11 * BF12 / 4 /

…< >

12 12 * OM04 ?13 13 * BF12 14 14 * OM0415 15 * BF12 < >{<}

16 16 * OM04 < >{>} ?

17 17 * BF12

18 18 * BF12 < >

19 19 * OM04 <>

20 20 * BF12 21 21 * OM0422 22-1 / BF12 < >{<},,23 23 * OM04 < >{>} < >{<}24 22-2 * BF12 < >{>} ?25 24 * OM0426 25 * BF12

27 26 * OM04

28 27 * BF12 29 28 * OM04

30 29 * BF12 / /< >{<}

31 30 * OM04 < >{>}32 31 * BF12

33 32 * BF12 / 3 / <

>{<}

34 33 * OM04 < >{>}35 34 * BF12

2 3

18

21 1 2

1 1

BTS 2 120 2 26 3 1

20034

3

1

1

32 30 * BF12 ?

33 31 * SF05

34 32 * SF05 < >

35 33 * BF12

36 34 * SF05

37 35 * BF12

38 36 * SF05

BF12 SF05BF12 33

33 34 SF05

2

2

28 27 * BF03 ? < ?>{<}

29 28-1 / OF01< >{>}

,,

30 29 * BF03 ?31 28-2 * OF0132 30 * BF03

33 31 * OF0134 32 * OF01 3

OF01 BF03

20037 2003 10 11

19.

25 928 14

TIJ

N. // / /

15

151 18 2 1

3 1

1 1

1

46 45 * BF03 < ?>{<}47 46 * OM01 < >{>}

48 47 * OM01

49 48 * BF0350 49 * OM01 < >{<}

BF03 OM112

2

59 53 * JBM03 ?

< >{<}

60 54 * YF01 < >{>}61 55 * YF0162 56 * JBM03 < >

63 57 * YF01

64 58 * YF01

65 59 * JBM03 [ ]

3 23 02 20 02 20 2

1 1 * 02

2 2 * 02 < >3 3 * 02 < > ?

4 4 * 02

5 5 * 02

4 34 15 20 15 20 2

1 1 * 15

2 2-1 / 15 < >{<},,3 3 * 15 < >{>}

4 2-2 * 15

5 4 * 156 5 * 157 6 * 15 < ?>{<}

8 7 * 15 < >{>}

19981994

1996 1TIJ

20.

V. /N. / / / /

1 15

1 1

1

10 10 * SM04 / 3 / ?11 11 * BF11 < >12 12 * BF11 ?

13 13 * SM04

14 14 * BF11 ?< >15 15 * SM0416 16 * BF11 < >{<}17 17 * SM04 < >{>}

18 18 * SM04

19 19 * BF11 20 20 * SM0421 21 * BF11

22 22 * BF11 ?

23 23 * SM04 < >

V.

2

2

25 24 * YM9 ?26 25 * YM1027 26 * YM9 < >28 27 * YM10 < >29 28 * YM9 30 29 * YM1031 30 * YM932 31 * YM10 < >{<}33 32 * YM9 < >{>}34 33 * YM9 35 34 * YM1036 35 * YM937 36 * YM10 <2 >

N V14

9 N38 38 V

VV

V.1 2 V

19981994

21.

2

1

1

168 126-a / F1 N NNN //,,169 126-b * F1 NNN170 127 * M1 ?171 128 * F1 < >

2 OM01

2

60 56 2 / OM015

,,

61 57 * JBM0362 58 * OM0163 56-3 * OM01 4

64 59 * JBM03<##

>{<}

65 60-1 / OM01< >{>}

2 ,,

66 61 * JBM03 < >{<}67 60-2 * OM01 < >{>}68 62 * JBM03

3 3

3

39 30 * OF3 < >{>} =40 31 * OF3 = =

41 32 * OF3=

< >{<}

42 33 * OF4 < >{>}

43 34-1 / OF3 ,,

44 35 * OF4 45 34-2 / OF3 ,,46 36 * OF4

OF03

22.40

BTS2

4

1 41 2 1

1 3

1 BM04 OM24

72 70 * BM04

73 71 * OM24 7 ?74 72 * BM0475 73 * OM24

76 74 * BM04

77 75 * OM24 #78 76 * BM04

1 BM04 7 OM24BM04

OM24 OM24BM04

?

2 09 09

1 1 * 09 TOEIC2 2 * 09 ?3 3 * 09

2 TOEIC 09TOEIC 09 ?

0909 ? ?

?

23.40

BTS2

BTS2

1

172 160 * M4<2

>

173 161-a / M4 //,,

174 161-b / M4 //,,175 161-c / M4 //,,

176 161-d / M4 N N //,,

177 161-e * M4178 162 * M4179 163 * M3 ?180 164 * M4181 165 * M3

1172 M4

M4

2

13 11-1 / BF19,,

14 12 * OF5015 11-2 * BF19 ?16 13 * OF50

2 13BF19 OF50

23

3

72 71 * BF12

73 72 * OM04

74 73 * BF1275 74 * OM04

373 OM04

…

24.BTS 2

2… …

5919 40

1 59 5650

3 3 50

1 5619 37

…

1 1 …

25 23 * J1<

>{<}

26 24 * JB1 < >{>}

27 25 * JB1

28 26 * J1

29 27 * JB1 < >{<}

30 28 * J1 < >{>}31 29 * J132 30 * JB1

2 1

4 4 * 05

5 5 * 05

6 6 * 05

…… 3 3

3

383 286 * M3< >{>}

384 287 * M2

385 288 * M2386 289 * M2387 290 * M3 N

388 291 * M2

389 292 * M3 N390 293 * M2391 294 * M3

M2… …

BTS 2

1 …… …

25BTS 2

37

[ ] ? [ ] ?

51

3 602 2 40

1 3 [ ] ? [ ] ?3? NN

< >{<} 3

2 2

N5

1 1 2 2

1 1

232 210 * M3

233 211 * M4234 212-a / M3 2 3 //,,235 212-b * M3 10236 213-a / M3 NN //,,237 213-b / M3 =//,,238 213-c * M3 =239 214-a / M3 NN =//,,240 214-b * M3 =241 215 * M3 N242 216 * M3 M4243 217 * M4 ?244 218 * M3245 219 * M3246 220 * M4247 221 * M3248 222 * M4

249 223 * M3

250 224 * M4251 225 * M4 ?

252 226 * M3

253 227 * M4 ?254 228 * M3 NN255 229 * M4 ?256 230 * M3 S

257 231 * M4 ?

258 232 * M3 259 233 * M4 260 234 * M3 N

2 2

366 332 * M4367 333 * M3368 334 * M4 ?369 335 * M3370 336 * M4

371 337 * M3

372 338 * M4 N

373 339 * M4N

374 340 * M3375 341 * M4376 342 * M4377 343 * M3

378 344 * M4

379 345 * M3 ####

380 346-1 / M4 „

381 347 * M3 < >382 346-2 * M4383 348 * M3

BTS 2

[ ] ? [ ] ?[ ]

2640

BTS 2

20 14

1 63

20 14 61 13 1

3

1 34

7

1 1 BF03 30 OF01 40 2

56 53-1 / OF011

,,

57 54 * BF0358 53-2 * OF01

59 55 * OF01

60 56 * OF0161 57 * BF03 < >{<}

62 58-1 / OF01< >{>}

,,

63 59 * BF03 64 58-2 * OF0165 60 * OF01

1 OF01BF03 OF01

BF 031

1OF01 BF03

1 2 BF03 30 SM01 30 2

54 52 * SM01

55 53 * BF03

56 54 * BF03

57 55 * BF03 < >

58 56 * BF03

59 57 * BF03

60 58 * SM0161 59 * BF03

2 SE01

BF03

21

3 3

2?

3

3 3 BM12 20 SM44 20 2

1 1 * BM12 ?

2 2 * SM44 < >{<}3 3 * BM12 < >{>} ?4 4 * SM445 5 * BM12 ?6 6 * SM447 7 * BM128 8 * SM449 9 * SM44

10 10 * BM1211 11 * BM1212 12 * SM4413 13 * BM12

3 BM12 SM44SM44

BM12

27BTS 2

[ ] ? [ ]? [ ]

6060 [ ] ? [ ] ? [ ]

1 60 56 93%2 60 4 7%

1 21 BF20

1

1 1-a / BF20 SF47 //,,2 1-b * BF203 2 * SF47

4 3 * BF20 ?

5 4 * SF47 < >{<}

6 5 * BF20 < >{>} ?

7 6 * SF478 7 * BF20 ?

9 8 * SF4710 9-1 / BF20 ,,

11 10 * SF4712 9-2 / BF20 ,,

13 11 * SF4714 12 * SF47 < >{<}

15 9-3 * BF20 < >{>}

16 13 * SF47

1 15 BF20 < >{>}16 SF47

SF47 BF20 <>{>}1 [ ] ?

22 BF02 SF02

2

1 1-a / BF02 < > //,,2 1-b / BF02 1 ,,3 2 * SF02 4 1-c / BF02 1 //,,5 3 * SF02 6 1-d * BF02 SF02 ?7 4 * SF02 ?8 5 * BF02 9 6 * SF02 < >

10 7 * BF02 11 8 * SF02 < ? >{<}12 9 * BF02 < >{>}

2 11 SF02 ?SF02

BF02[ ] ? [ ] ? [ ]

41 6

SF02 SF022004 1

p.327

4 3 75 SF02?

p.327 Hearer Orientation

4 4 1004

[ ] ? [ ] ? [ ]

2004 TUFSBTS 2

3 121 COE

323-341.

28

… … … …BTS

2 1 3

1

BTS 21

1. 1. …1 BF03 SM01

22 22 * SM01 ?23 23 * BF0324 24 * SM01

25 25 * BF03 < >

26 26 * SM0127 27-1 SM01 < >{<},,28 28 * BF03 < >{>}29 27-2 * SM01 ?

30 29 * BF03

<>

31 30 * SM0132 31 * BF03

1. 2. …2 JBM03 OF01

37 33-1 / OF01< >{<},,

38 34 * JBM03 < >{>}39 35 * JBM03 < >{<}40 36 * OF01 < >{>} [ ]

41 33-2 * OF01' '

< >{<}

42 37 * JBM03 < >{>}43 38 * OF0144 39 * JBM03

1. 3. …3 F2 F3

147 121-a / F3 N //,,

148 121-b * F3 N

149 122-a / F3 ?? N //,,150 122-b / F3 N //,,151 122-c / F3 N //,,

152 122-d * F3 N

153 123 * F3

154 124 * F2 F3 ?

1. 4. …4 BF12 OF04

65 63 * OF04/ /< >

66 64 * BF12 67 65 * OF0468 66 * BF12 69 67 * OF0470 68 * BF12

71 69-1 / OF04 ,,

72 70 * BF12

73 69-2 * OF04

74 71 * BF12 < >{<}

2. …5 BF11 OM04

101 93 * BF11 / 3 /

< ?>{<}

102 94 * OM04< >{>}< >{<}

103 95 * BF11 < >{>}< >

104 96 * OM04

105 97 * OM04 < >{<}

106 98 * BF11 < >{>}

107 99-1 / OM04 < >{<},,108 100 * BF11 < >{>}< >{<}109 99-2 / OM04 < >{>} ,,

110 101 * BF11 < >{<} OM04

111 99-3 * OM04< >{>}

112 102 * BF11 < >{<}

3. …6 BF11 SF04

65 62 * SF04 < >

?

66 63-1 / BF11 ,,

67 64 * SF04 68 65 * BF11 =69 63-2 * BF11 =

4. …7 BF11 OF04

15 15 * OF04

16 16 * BF11 < >17 17-1 / OF04 < >{<},,18 18-1 / BF11 <####>{>},,19 17-2 * OF04 < >{<}20 18-2 * BF11 < >{>}< >{<}

21 19-1 / OF04< >{>}

< >{<}< >,,

22 20 * BF11 < >{>}<

>#####

23 19-2 * OF04

24 21 * BF11 25 22 * OF0426 23 * BF11

5. …8 BF12 YF03

17 17-1 / BF12 ,,

18 18 * YF0319 17-2 * BF12 < >{<}

20 19 * YF03

< >{>}

< >

21 20 * BF12

22 21-1 / BF12 ,,

23 22 * YF0324 21-2 * BF12 < >25 23 * YF03

2BTS 2

2

9 BF12 YM03

60 57 * YM03

61 58 * YM0362 59 * YM03

63 60 * BF12 ? <2

>

64 61 * BF12 ?65 62 * YM03

66 63 * YM03

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174 148-1 / OF5 ,,

175 149 * OF6 176 148 * OF5 =

177 150 * OF5 =

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179 152 * OF5

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181 154-1 / OF6 ,,182 153-2 * OF5 < >{<}183 154-2 * OF6 < ?>{>} [ ]184 155 * OF6 < >{<}

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14 14 * BF12 <>

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2

388

1982

32.40

BTS 2 TUFSD-

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1 1

160 154-1 / YM10 ,,161 155 * YM9162 154-2 * YM10

163 156 * YM9

164 157 * YM10 ?165 158 * YM9 < >166 159 * YM9167 160-1 / YM10 ,,168 161 * YM9

1YM10 ? YM9

1 YM9

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351 321 * YM6352 322 * YM5 < >

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33.BTS 2

[ ] [ ]

141

7 503 7

501 7

77 5 72 2 18

1992 223

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161 155 * YF3 < >162 156 * YF4 < >{<}=163 157 * YF3 < >{>}< >{<}164 158 * YF4 =< >{>}165 159 * YF4 ?<YF3 >

3 7 3

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2 3

110 97-1 / YM1 < >{>}

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111 99 * YM2

112 97-2 * YM1

113 100 * YM1 [ ]114 101 * YM2 ?

115 102 * YM1

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120 105-2 * YM1 < >{>}

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34.

?

10

1 5 502 4 40%

3 1 101 7 ?

1 1

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17 15 * JBM03JBM03

1

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26 19-2 * JBM03

22

34 / /[ ]

1 JBM03YM01

2 2

2 2

74 55 * M4 M3 <2 >75 56 * M4

76 57 * M2 M3

77 58 * M4 78 59 * M2 79 60 * M4 N N

80 61 * M4M2 <2

>

81 62 * M2

82 63 * M4

83 64 * M4M3

84 65 * M2 85 66 * M4

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M3M2 M3

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33

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290 200 * M2

291 201-a / M3 S S "

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37.advice Brown and Levinson 1987

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A Brown and Levinson, 1987: 66

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25

[ ] /[ ] [ ] /[ ] /

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BTS 2BTSJ

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1 1 20 J220 JB2 4

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211 202 * J2

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213 204 * J2 ?214 205 * JB2

215 206 * JB2

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216 207 * J2

217 208 * JB2 <>{<}

218 209 * J2 < >{>}219 210 * J2 <2 >

JB2 J2

12 2 20 JFB 5

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65 64 * JMO

66 65 * JFB

67 66 * JMO

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71 70 * JFB < >{<}72 71 * JMO < >{>}73 72 * JFB < >

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Brown and Levinson 1987FTA TUFS

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1

Brown, P. ,& Levinson, S.C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

38.

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1 4 903

1 101 4 1 25

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43 38 * F344 39 * F2

1 2

1

2

241 219 * YM5 < >{>}242 220 * YM6 243 221 * YM5 244 222 * YM6 245 223 * YM6 246 224 * YM5247 225 * YM6 < > ?248 226-1 / YM5 [ ] ,,249 227 * YM6 250 226-2 * YM5 251 228 * YM6 252 229 * YM5 253 230 * YM6

2 YM05

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138 125 * OF04139 126 * BF11 < >

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23 39

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160 154 * YF4 < >{>}161 155 * YF3 < >162 156 * YF4 < >{<}=163 157 * YF3 < >{>}< >{<}164 158 * YF4 =< >{>}

1YF4 YF3 161 163

11

2 PO1 SO1

1 1 * PO1 < >2 2 * SO1 < >

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5 5 * PO1

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2000 2136-143.

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40.BTS 2

23

1.

1999a1999b

1997

2.Brown & Levinson 1987

2. 1. Brown and Levinson 1987Brown and Levinson 1987

FTA FaceThreatening Acts FTA FT P

Power D Social DistanceRx x rating of imposition

3 FTFT

2. 2.

1974

p.44

p.34 1988

1999

1998

FTA FaceThreatening Acts

1998 47 Boxer and Cortes-Conde 1997

RID: Relational Identity Display

p.282 1985

3.

20

4.

4. 2. FT FT

4Cohen’s Kappa Bakeman and Gottman 1986

1

1 8 1 6 1

n.d. 0.72003

4. 1.

BTSJ Basic Transcription System for Japanese2003 F Female M Male

4. 2. 1. 2 1

1: M2 M1M01

369

366 M01 367 M02

368 M01 < > < >

369 M02 < > < >

4. 2. 2. FTFT

FT FTAlbert 1992 Albert et. al 1996 Boxer and Cortes-Conde 1997

Hay 2000 Straehl 1993 1999 FT

1997p.89

FT

FTFT FT

2 BTSJ

2003

2: FT M12 M11 11

565 M12 566 M11 567 M11 568 M12 569 M12 < >570 M12 ,,571 M11 572 M12 < >

4. 2. 3. FTFT FT

FT

s FTFT

iFT

3: FT FT M03 M04M04 FT

429 M03 < > M04

430 M03 431 M04 432 M04 [M04 ]< >

433 M03 < > s

434 M03

4: FTM06 FT 3

M05 M05503

498 M06 < > i

499 M05

500 M06 501 M06 < >{<},,

502 M05 < >{>}

503 M06 ?504 M05 ?505 M06 ?= [ ]

4. 2. 4.

2002

3 2002FTA FTA FT

FTA FT

3 FT

5

m 6n 7

p m 8

5:M09 M10

263 M10 < >{>} 5

264 M09< > < ><2 > p

265 M09 < > < > p

266 M09< >

<2 > p

267 M09 ' '

268 M09 < >{<}

269 M10 < >{>} < >{<}

6: 06 05M05

M05

498 M06 < > m

499 M05 500 M06 501 M06 < >{<},,

502 M05 < >{>}

7:M05 M06

132 M06

""

" "

133 M05 < > n134 M06 135 M05 136 M06

8:M01

M02 M02

205 M01< >

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]

4. 3. 9

3 3

9:

263 M10 < >{>}5

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265 M09 < > < > s p

266 M09<

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267 M09 ' '

268 M09 < >{<}

269 M10 < >{>} <

>{<}

5.5.1. 5.2.

5. 1. 10 20 10 20 1

4 18 261 5

1. 1

10 10 20 230 236 466

1 23.6 24.3 23.9 7125 7917 15042

1 712.5 791.7 752.1

28 40 28 3320 20 21 38 6 1052

528

5. 2. 2 =0.72

1 1

2.

97 39.6% 148 60.4% 245 100.0% 4.9 7.4 6.1

5.28 7.37 6.88

09 29 04 170

= 1.26 0.05

4 M025

6 20

10 11 M10 10 M1011 10

M10269 271

275 M1011 M10

M09

10: M10243 269 271

246275

243 M10 30 < > [ M09

]

244 M09 5245 M10 246 M10 45247 M09 248 M10 249 M09 < >{<}250 M10 < >{>} ####251 M09 252 M09 253 M10 [ ]254 M10 < >{<}

13

267 M09 ' '

268 M09 < >{<}269 M10 < >{>} < >{<}270 M09 < >{>}

271 M10 272 M09 < >273 M09274 M09 =

275 M10 =

11: M09 M10

436 M10 6

437 M09 438 M10 < >{<}439 M09 < >{>}440 M10 < >{<}441 M09 < >{>}442 M10 [ ]443 M09 444 M10 445 M09 446 M10 447 M09 448 M09

1994 1997

5. 3. FTFT =0.80 3

FT

3. FT FT

218 89.0% 245 100.0%5.45 6.15.92 6.88

3 89 FT4

1 1

4. FT

FT FT

94 96.9% 97 100.0% 124 84.4% 148 100.0% 4.7 4.9 6.2 7.4

5.31 5.28 6.52 7.37

4 FT 96.984.4 FT

FTFT

5. FT

FT FT

4 4.1% 97 100.0% 24 16.2% 148 100.0% 0.2 4.9 1.2 7.4

0.52 5.28 1.91 7.37

FTM10 66.7 M8 FT

FT

570 M10 ,,

[ ]

571 M09 ,,572 M10 < >{<}< >573 M09 < >{>} < > c s 574 M09 < > c

575 M09 " "

13:M06

703 M06

" M06

"

704 M05 c

705 M06

""

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FT12 13

12:M10

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706 M06 ,,707 M05 < >{<} c708 M06 < >{>}709 M06

FTFT

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FTFT

5. 4. FTFT 6 1

=0.80 FT

6. FT

i i FT

151 69.3% 51 23.4% 16 7.3% 218 100.0% 3.8 1.3 0.4 5.5

4.17 1.91 0.96 5.92 FT

1. FT FT

FTFT 6 1

94 FT s6 1 FT 69.3

FTi FT

FT 6 1 i30.7

30.7 FT i7.3%

6 7 8 FT

7. FT

i iFT

64 68.1% 25 26.6% 5 5.3% 94 100.0% 3.2 1.3 0.3 4.7

3.40 1.94 0.55 5.31

8. FT

i iFT

87 70.2% 26 21.0% 11 8.9% 124 100.0% 4.4 1.3 0.6 6.2

4.85 1.92 1.23 6.52

7 8²=1,676 > , 0.05, 2 =5.99 FT

FT

FT14 M01 205

M02 M01 M02212 FT

FTFT 14 FT

5. 5. 9

=0.80 9 2

14: FT

205 M01 < > <> <2 >

s,i

206 M01 < >{<}< >

207 M02 < >{>}

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209 M02 [

M01 ]

210 M01 <

>

211 M02

212 M01 [

]

214 M02 =215 M02 = < >216 M01 < >

217 M01 ""

218 M02

9.

p n m n m

73 29.8% 159 64.9% 4 1.6% 8 3.3% 1 0.4%

3.5 5.1 2 2.7 1.0

2.44 4.53 0 1.15

n p n m m p m

0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 245 100.0%

6.1

6.88

929.8 9 2

2 5

109

10. p n p n m p m

73 29.8% 167 68.2% 5 2.0% 245 100.0% 3.5 5.4 3 6.1

2.44 4.81 6.88

1029.8 68.2

2.011 12

11.

p np n

mp m

32 33.0% 62 63.9% 3 3.1% 97 100.0% 4.9 4.4 3.0 4.9

2.43 2.95 5.28

12.

p np n

mp m

41 27.7% 105 70.9% 2 1.4% 148 100.0% 4.1 6.2 2.0 7.4

2.42 5.91 7.37

11 12

=2.16 < , 0.05, 2 = 5.99

15:M01373 M02

373 M01

374 M02

375 M01

376 M02 [

]

377 M02< >

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378 M01

16:F01 F02 F02

531 534

530 F02 10 3531 F01 / / = s p532 F02 = <2 >533 F02 3 < >

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535 F02 < >2

17 M02251 M01 M02

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255 M01 ?

256 M02 ,,257 M01 7258 M02

6.

1 6.1

7

1995

7 2002 2002

1986

1

7.

1994 21 1-17.

2001 79-58

————— 2002 4 6 31 1012

————— 2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese:BTSJ

13 14 C 24-21

19971997

32 84-1091998

TOKAI REVIEW 2343-56

————— 1999 Swear words Positive politeness TOKAI REVIEW 24 1-141995

163-187————— 1997

509-5212003

1314 C 2

87-98n.d. Cohen’s Kappa

http://japanese.human.metro-u.ac.jp/kokubun/jirom/kaiwa.html - 2k1988

22 77-931985 16-241974 2 3

29-52A 1986

Mehrabian.A. 1981 Silent Messages: Implicit Communication of Emotions and Attitudes. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

1999a103 49-58

———— 1999b FTA 954-611999 28 11 30-33

Alberts, J. K. 1992. An inferential / strategic explanation for the social organization of teases. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 11-3, 153-177.

Alberts, J. K., Kellar-Guenther, Y., & Corman, S. R. 1996. That’s Not Funny: Understanding Recipients’ Responses to Teasing. Western Journal of Communication, 60-4, 337-357.

Bakeman R. & Gottman J. M. 1986 Observing interaction: an introduction to sequential analysis. Cambridge University Press.

Boxer, D., & Cortes-Conde, F. 1997. Form bonding to biting: Conversational joking and identity display. Journal of Pragmatics, 27, 275-294.

Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press. Hay, J. 2000. Functions of humor in the conversations of men and women. Journal of Pragmatics,

32, 709-742. Straehle, C. A. 1993. “Samuel?” ”Yes, dear?” Teasing and Conversational Rapport. In D, Tannen

ed. , Framing in discourse, New York: Oxford University Press, 210-229.

1.

Brown and Levinson 19872001; 2002

Brown and Levinson 1987face

positive facenegative face

2

2001; 2002

Brown and Levinson 1987disagreement

Face Threatening Act FTABrown and Levinson, 1987: 66 1

Holtgraves 1997Rees-Miller 2000

2.Brown and Levinson

Rees-Millers 2000

S AP P

Rees-Miller, 2000: 1088

3.

3. 1. Brown and Levinson 1987 FTA

distance powerrank of imposition 3

1

1. Brown and Levinson 1987 FTD distanceP power 20 29R rank of imposition

1 12

24 48

15

Basic Transcription Systemfor Japanese BTSJ 1997b; 2003a

3. 2.

3

1

A antecedentD disagreement

1

3. 3.

3

3. 3. 1. Brown and Levinson 1987

FTAFTA

2

1IF16 IF15

675 598 * IF15 < >

676 599 * IF16 677 600 * IF15

678 601 * IF16 4A

679 602 * IF15 4D 680 603 * IF16 681 604 * IF15

2

249 229 * UF02 < >

250 230 * UF01

251 231-1 / UF02 ,,

252 232 * UF01

253 231-2 * UF02 <2 >

254 233 * UF01 3A-1

255 234 * UF01 3A-2

256 235 * UF02 < >

3D

257 236 * UF01

258 237 * UF02 < >{<}

259 238 * UF01 < >{>}

3. 3. 2. Rees-Miller 2000

2

3.IF17

41 32 * IF18=

1A-1

42 33 * IF18=

1A-2

43 34 * IF18 ? 1A-3

44 35 * IF17

45 36 * IF18< ' ' >

{<}

46 37 * IF17< >{>}

1D

47 38 * IF18 ?48 39 * IF17 < >49 40 * IF18 ?50 41 * IF17 < >{<}

4.IF20

730 672 * IF19

731 673 * IF19 < > 10A

732 674 * IF20 <2 > 10D-1

733 675 * IF20 <2 > 10D-2

734 676 * IF19 < >

735 677 * IF20

736 678 * IF20 10D-3

737 679 * IF19 738 680 * IF20

3. 3. 3. Searle 1975 directive

5.IF20

739 681 * IF20740 682 * IF19741 683 * IF20 < ?>{<}742 684 * IF19 < ?>{>}

743 685 * IF20?

< >

744 686 * IF19 ? 11A

745 687-1 ⁄ IF20 < >,, 11D-1

746 688 * IF19 < >747 687-2 * IF20 11D-2748 689 * IF19

6.

46 36-2 * IF21 ??47 38-1 ⁄ IF21 ,,48 39 * IF22

49 38-2 ⁄ IF212

< >{<},,

50 40 * IF22 < >{>}51 38-3 * IF21 < >{<}

52 41 * IF22< >{>}

1A

53 42-1 ⁄ IF21,,

1D-1

54 43 * IF22

55 42-2 ⁄ IF21

1<

>{<},,

1D-2

56 44 * IF22 < >{>}

57 42-3 ⁄ IF21 < >{<},, 1D-3

58 45 * IF22 < >{>}

59 42-4 ⁄ IF21 ,, 1D-4

60 46 * IF22 < >{<}< >

61 42-5 * IF21< >{>}

<>{<}

1D-5

185 24 40Cohen's Kappa Bakeman and Gottman 1986

4.4.1

4.24.3

4. 1.

3-1.

1 1

12 240 20 6,691 557.6 12 262 22 6,517 543.1 24 502 21 12,711 550.3

12 240 120 27 12 4.86 12

262 1 22 31 15 5.8624 502 21 5.38

3-2.

1

12 94 7.83 4.0012 91 7.58 5.0224 185 7.26 4.54

12 94 1 7.83 18 34.00 12 91 1 7.58 19 3

5.02 24 185 7.714.54

4. 2. 4. 2. 1.

2-1.

12 84 89.4% 10 10.6% 947.00 0.83 4.08 1.34

2-2.

12 50 54.9% 41 45.1% 914.17 3.42 2.79 3.80

1.

89.4% 10.6%54.9%

45.1%

1

FTA distance

3.3.1 FTA

4. 2. 2.

Rees-Miller 2000 disagreementRees-Miller, 2000: 1098

distance

Brown and LevinsonClaim common ground Brown and Levinson, 1987:

103

distance

2.

3-1.

12 20 23.8% 64 76.2% 841.67 5.33 1.43 3.12

3-2.

12 18 36.0% 32 64.0% 501.50 2.67 1.12 2.09

4. 2. 3.

Searle 1975distance

3.

4-1.

12 52 61.9% 32 38.1% 844.33 2.67 2.62 2.53

4-2.

12 29 58.0% 21 42.0% 502.42 1.75 1.71 1.42

Grice 1989 1998 CooperativePrinciples

4.

5-1.

12 7 70.0% 3 30.0% 100.58 0.25 0.421.11 0.60 0.91

5-2.

12 27 73.0% 10 27.0% 372.45 0.91 1.68 3.23 1.44 2.62

2000

4. 3.

1

7 UF15 UF16 4

UF15 UF16

402 376-1 ⁄ UF15,,

403 377 * UF16 <2 >

404 376-2 * UF15

405 378 * UF15 < >{<}406 379 * UF16 < >{>}

407 380 * UF16 <>{<}

15A

408 381-1 ⁄ UF15< >

,, 15D-1

409 382 * UF16 ?=410 381-2 * UF15 = 15D-2

411 383-1 ⁄ UF15,,

15D-3

412 384 * UF16

413 383-2 * UF15 15D-4

414 385 * UF16

415 386 * UF15

UF16UF15 402 404

405 UF16407 UF15

408 410 411 413UF15

UF15 408UF16 ? 409 UF16

UF15

UF15

1993

11

8

339 321 * IF06 < >340 322 * IF06 < >{<}341 323 * IF05 < ?>{>}

342 324 * IF06343 325 * IF05 < >344 326 * IF06345 327 * IF05 < >

346 328 * IF05<2

> 12A

347 329 * IF06" "

12D

348 330 * IF05<2

>

IF05346 IF06

2IF05 346

343 345IF05

347 IF06

Zajdman 1995 FTAFTA FTA

8

5.

2

6.

4.2

1997 Basic Transcription System for Japanese: BTSJ

C 12-262001 7

49-58

2002 31(1)-31(5) 31(7)-31(13)2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese:

BTSJ

13-14 C (2)4-21

200030 27-33

P. 1998 Grice, P. 1989 Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press.

1995 12 (12) 4-10Bakeman, R. and Gottman, J. M. 1986. Observing interaction: an introduction to sequential

analysis. Cambridge University Press. Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness– Some universals in language usage. New York:

Cambridge University Press. Holtgraves, T. 1997 Yes, but… Positive politeness in conversation arguments. Journal of Language

and Social Psychology, 16 (2) , 222-239. Rees-Miller, J. 2000. Power, severity, and context in disagreement. Journal of pragmatics, 32,

1087-1111.Searle, J. R. 1975. Indirect speech acts. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics:

speech act. Academic Press. 59-82. Zajdman, A. 1995. Humorous face threatening acts: humor as strategy. Journal of Pragmatics, 23,

325-339.

1.

J.V. 1999 47

1999: 107

2.

3.3. 1.

3. 2.

122003 3 12

2003 6

3. 3. 3. 3. 1.

2003 Basic Transcription System for JapaneseBTSJ 3 1

10

3. 3. 2.

1 Cameron, D. 2001. Working with Spoken Discourse. Sage Publications. p32

2001b 7POL POL POL

3. 3. 2. 1. 2

PRO Pronoun 2

panpani

VOC Vocative

panie profesorzepani

PRO 2 VOCVOC VOC

2

QUE Question

43 41 * JTF01 QUE

44 42 * JSF05

2 1988

109 93 * PTF03

y, teraz, y-, czyli, czyli okazuje si (mhm), eten s ownik si sprawdza, <tak??>{<}

QUE

110 94 * PSF03 <tak>{>}

3. 3. 2. 2. 2001b 7

POLS Super-polite formP Polite-formN Non-polite formNM No-marker

POLP Polite-formN Non-polite formNM No-marker

POLF

CF FormalC Casual

3

DI Down-shift from Interlocutor F CUI Up-shift from Interlocutor C F

3 2001

4

IND IndicativeSUB Subjunctive

4 Nagórko 2001 89-91 113-114

POL POL POL

124 119 * JTF01 N N C

125 120 * JTF01 P P F

126 121 * JSF05 NM NM F

127 122 * JTF01 N N C DI

128 123 JSF05 NM NM F UI

129 124 * JTF01

JSF05

one of them

/ / VOC QUE P N C DI

IMP Imperative

HE Hearer 2 2

SP Speaker 1 1

SP HE Speaker Hearer 1

12 3

1. Czy przeczyta pan ju t ksi k ? HE

2. Zastanawiam si , czy ta ksi ka zosta a ju przeczytana SP

3. Czy ta ksi ka ju zosta a przeczytana

HE SPHE HE 4

4. Zastanawiam si , czy przeczyta pan ju t ksi k . HE

4 12

1 4 HE

HE SP SP HE HESP+HE SP

HE SP HE SP

5

1 1 * PSF08

A czy pan profesor ma ksi k , któr ,y-, w zesz ym tygodniu pan, nie chciami jej udost pni < miej c si lekko>, mówi < e komu po ycza >{<}

VOC QUE IND HE

2 2 * PTM03<o programach wyborczych>{>}

3 3 * PSF08O programach <wyborczych>{<}

4 4 * PTM03

<mam, prosz bardzo>{>}, czeka tutaj na pani

[ ]6 PRO IND SP

5

6 [ ]

HE Hearer 2 2

128 100 * PTF01<pani nie ma>{>} poczty elektronicznej?

PRO QUE IND HE

SP HE Speaker +Hearer 1

7 6 * PTF03

[g boki oddech] bo w a nie no, zastanówmy si y, o czym ta mapa < wiadczy>{<}

[ ]IMP

SP+

HE

SP Speaker 1 1

105 79 * PSF01w a nie tak my la am

IND SP

5 5 * PSF08

to, gdzie w niedziel , w przysz ymtygodniu bym panu (tak) odda a

PRO SUB SP

6 6 * PTM03rosz tam <zerkn >{<}

IMP

4.4. 1.

1

1.

JP 1354 1236 PL 1455 1238

2809 2474

4. 2. 4. 2. 1.

VOC PRO2

2 3

2.

T SVOC 3 0,24% 2 0,16%PRO 2 12 0,97% 0 0%

15 1,21% 2 0,16%

3.

T SVOC 7 0,57% 17 1,37%PRO 2 196 15,83% 2 0,16%

203 16,40% 19 1,53%

4. 2. 2. 4

4.

T SJP 129 10,4% 19 1,5%PL 151 12,2% 62 5,0%

4. 2. 3.

2 PROHE

3

4. 3. 4. 3. 1. 4. 3. 1. 1.

T SDI UI

DIUI

DI UI12 6

DI UI

DI UI 1-1

DIDI DI DI

UI UI UIUI

DI UI

DI

UI

T1 S2 T3 S5 T4 S6 DIUI UI DI

T1 S1T2 S3 T2 S4

4. 3. 2. 4. 3. 2. 1.

HESP SP+HE

HE

SPHE

SP

SP HE 1,6 0,4

Brown and Levinson 1987127 S H

1212 6

HE SP

HE HESP SP

HE SP

4. 3. 2. 2.

SUB10 7 3

5.5. 1.

5. 2. 1997 48

1997 45 46

1997: 56

1997: 57

HESP

6.

2

3

1998119-153

1995662 27-42

2001a7

9-582001b

6 1-29

2003a1 7 12

2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese BTSJ

13-14 24-21

199745-76

19982002

J.V. 1999

Brown, P., & Levinson, S.C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Comrie, B. 1976. Linguistic politeness axes: speaker-addressee, speaker-referent, speaker-bystander.Pragmatics Microfiche 1.7:A3. Dept of Linguistics, Univ. of Cambridge.

Ide, S. 1989. Formal forms and discernment: Two neglected aspects of universals of linguistic politeness. Multilingua, 8, 223-248.

Usami, Mayumi. 2002. Discourse Politeness in Japanese Conversation Some Implications for a Universal Theory of Politeness. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo

Grzegorczykowa, R. Laskowski, R. Wróbel, H. 1984. Gramatyka wspó czesnego j zyka polskiego. Morfologia. Warszawa

Grzegorczykowa, R. 2001. “Kategorie gramatyczne.” w: Wspó czesny j zyk polski pod red. J Bartmi skiego. Lublin: Wyd. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sk odowskiej 453-467

Huszcza, R. 1996. Honoryfikatywno : Gramatyka, Pragmatyka, Typologia. Warszawa:Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog

Jab o ski, A. 1998. “Japo ska grzeczno -nauczanie japo skich wyra e grzeczno ciowych z j zykiem polskim jako ród owym – zestaw postulatów.” w: Japonica(9). Warszawa: Zak adJaponistyki i Koreanistyki, Instytut Orientalistyczny, Uniwersytet Warszawski. 143-157

Nagórko, A. 2001. Zarys gramatyki polskiej (ze s owotwórstwem). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

1.

2.

1993 1992

Schegloff&Sacks 1973

3.3. 1.

210

3. 2.

1020

10 1020 10 10 40

80

3. 3.

45

5

15500

<Ring>R: Hello C: Hello Ida? R: Yeah C: Hi,= This is Carla R: Hi Carla C: How are you R: Okay C: Good.= R: =How about you. C: Fine. Don wants to know ….

Hopper 1992: 52

1 23

1

2

3 4

C:R:

3. 4. 106

Basic Transcription System for Japanese2003 2003 BTSJ

3. 5. 1993 1992 1992

1990 3

C:R:

C:R:C:

1 2 31 2

1

2

3. 5. 3. 5. 1. 3. 5. 1. 1.

Caller CReceiver R

1

1 1 * TMR06

3. 5. 1. 2. Hopper 1992 1994

19941994

1994

1994

2.

/

/ /?

?/ ?/?/ ?/

/ ?/?

? ? /? ? /

? ? /? ?

?? ? /

? ? /? ?

? ??

1994 1994

2 2 * TMC06 TMR06

TMR06 C

3 3 * TMR06 TMC06 =

TMC06 = R

1994

1994

2

1 1 * JMR04 2 2 * JMC04 JMR04 C3 3 * JMR04 4 4 * JMC04 JMC04 = C 5 5 * JMC04 = < >{<}6 6 * JMR04 < >{>}7 7 * JMR048 8 * JMC04 ?

4

1 1 * JFR10 ?2 2 * JFC10

3

1 1 * JMR06 2 2 * JMC06 3 3 * JMR06 4 4 * JMC06 < ?>{<}5 5 * JMR06 < >{>}6 6 * JMR06 7 7 * JMC06 =8 8 * JMR06 = =9 9 * JMC06 =< >{<}

3 3 * JFR104 4 * JFC10 =5 5 * JFC10 = ?6 6 * JFR10

5

1 1 * JFR06 2 2 * JFC06 JFR06 C3 3 * JFR06 4 4 * JFC06 ?5 5 * JFR06

6

1 1 * JFR04 2 2 * JFC04 3 3 * JFR04 4 4 * JFC04 JFR04 C5 5 * JFR04 < ?>{<}6 6 * JFC04 < JFC04 >{>} C 7 7 * JFC04 ?

8 8 * JFR04 #### [

]

9 9 * JFC04 ?

10 10 * JFR04

7

1 1 * JFR05 2 2 * JFC05 JFR05 C3 3 * JFR05 4 4 * JFC05 JFC05 C 5 5 * JFR05

6 6 * JFC05 7 7 * JFC05 ?8 8 * JFR05

81994a

3. 5. 2.

3. 5. 2. 1. 1994 1994

1994

1994

3.

A / / / / /ok

B / / /

C

D/

E

F

9 A

32 30 * JMC10 2 1 AC

33 31 * JMR10 34 32 * JMC10 < >{<} c 35 33 * JMR10 < >{>}36 34 * JMR10 37 35 * JMC10 38 36 * JMC10 39 37 * JMR10 40 38 * JMC10 41 39 * JMC10

10 B

66 65 * JMC04 AB67 66 * JMR04 < >{<}68 67 * JMC04 < >{>}69 68 * JMR04 70 69 * JMC04 71 70 * JMC04 =72 71 * JMR04 =

11 C

32 30 * JMC10 2 1 AC

13 E1991

14 F1998

33 31 * JMR10 34 32 * JMC10 < >{<} c 35 33 * JMR10 < >{>}36 34 * JMR10 37 35 * JMC10 38 36 * JMC10 39 37 * JMR10 40 38 * JMC10 41 39 * JMC10

12 D

59 58 * TMC08=

= AE

60 59-1 / TMC08 = < >{<},,

= < >{<},,

61 60 * TMR08 < >{>}

< >{>}

62 59-2 * TMC08 ##

## a

63 61 * TMR08 < >{<}

< >{<}

64 62 * TMC08 < byebye>{>}

< >{>}

65 63 * TMR08 < byeybye>{<}

< >{<}

66 64 * TMC08 < byebye>{>}

< >{>}

3. 5. 2. 2. 1991 1992 1998

1998

1998

15 a

50 49 * JFC07 A a51 50 * JFR07 52 51 * JFC07 53 52 * JFC07 54 53 * JFR07 55 54 * JFR07 < >{<}56 55 * JFC07 < >{>]

4.

a //

b

c / /

d

e

fgh

16 b

113 106 * JFC01 AB114 107 * JFR01 115 108 * JFC01 116 109 * JFR01 b117 110 * JFC01 118 111 * JFR01 < >{<}119 112 * JFC01 < >{>}

17 c

50 49 * JFC05 A51 50 * JFR05 =

52 51 * JFC05= < >{<}

53 52 * JFR05 < >{>}54 53 * JFC05 55 54 * JFR05

18 d

36 36 * JMC02 AC37 37 * JMR02 < >{<}38 38 * JMC02 < >{>}39 39 * JMR02 40 40 * JMC02

19 e

74 71 * TFC03

< >{>}

< >{>} AC

20 f

62 62 * JFC08 AB63 63 * JFR08 < >{<}64 64 * JFC08 < >{>}< >{<}65 65 * JFR08 < >{>}66 66 * JFC08 < >{<}

67 67 * JFR08< JFC08 >{>}

< >{<]

68 68 * JFC08 < >{>}69 69 * JFC08 < >{<}70 70 * JFR08 < >{>}71 71 * JFC08 72 72 * JFR08

75 72 * TFR03

76 73 * TFC03

< >

e

77 74 * TFR03

78 75 * TFC03 AB

79 76 * TFR03

80 77 * TFC03 <byebye>{<}

< >{<}

81 78 * TFR03 < >{>} byebye

< >{>}

82 79 * TFC03

22 h

171 165 * JFC0210 <

>{<} A h

172 166 * JFR02 < >{>} < >{<} b

173 167 * JFC02 < >{>}

bc

174 168 * JFR02 < >{<}175 169 * JFC02 < >{>}176 170 * JFC02 < >{<}177 171 * JFR02 < >{>} 10 A a 178 172 * JFC02 179 173 * JFR02 180 174 * JFC02 181 175 * JFR02 < >{<}182 176 * JFC02 < >{>}

21 g

137 133 * JMC06<

>{<}< > A g

138 134 * JMR06 < >{>}< >139 135 * JMR06 A a 140 136 * JMC06 c 141 137 * JMR06142 138-1 / JMC06 ,,143 139 * JMR06144 138-2 * JMC06 a 145 140 * JMR06146 141 * JMC06147 142 * JMR06 < >{<}148 143 * JMC06 < >{>}149 144 * JMR06150 145 * JMC06151 146 * JMC06 < >{<}152 147 * JMR06 < >{>}

4.

4. 1. 4. 1. 1.

4. 1. 1. 1.

4. 1. 1. 2.

Schegloffdistribution rule for first utterance

wei

wei

4. 1. 1. 3.

7

5.C CR RC CR R

C C C+ CC R C+ R

CR

C R2

4. 1. 1. 4.

1.

6.

1. 2. / 3. 4. 5.

1.5.

2.

4. 1. 1. 5.

20 90.0

60.0 70.0

4. 2. 4. 2. 1.

3.

4. 2. 1. 1.

4. 2. 1. 2.

hao

4. 2. 1. 3.

1

7.a c e gb d f h

1

C Caller R ReceiverC

RC

R C RC R

4.

5.

C R

20 85.0%

40.0% 50.0% 1992

hao80.0 hao hao

hao la 35.01994b

6.

4. 2. 1. 4.

4. 2. 2.

5 9 50.080.0 10 14 35.0

1 4 15.0

5 9 70.010 14 60.0

1 4

5 970.0 90.0

5.

7.

1992 11 9 65-722003

2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese: BTSJ

13-14 C 24-21

1990 72145-159

1991 44145-159

199211 10 26-38

1994

199211 10 14-25

1993

19982 pp1-15

2001 2022

78-911994a

1994b7 1-13

20014

20025

45-59Clark, H. H. & French, J. W. 1981. Telephone goodbyes. Language in Soceity, 10 1 1-1.Hopper, R. 1992. Telephone conversation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Shegloff, E. A. & Sacks, H.1973. Openings up Closings, Semiotica, 8, 289-327.

1.

1

DiscourseCompletion Test DCT 2

3

1 Brown Levinson 1987

FTAs Face Threatening ActsFTA

2 Discourse Completion Test: DCT

3 Liao 1994 Mandarin Chinese

2.

3.3. 1. 3. 1. 1.

52 13 39 5213 39 104

18-234 19-24

3. 1. 2.

5

6

7

4 1 1

15

6

7

2

2003 7 20038

39

8

9 Schegloff 1968

3. 2. 170 Basic Transcription

System for Japanese: BTSJ 2003

Second Coder 8

3. 2. 1.

3. 2. 1. 1. 1993

1

A9

10

B

11

1981

C1994

3. 2. 2. 2.

10 2001

11 pre-closing Okay closingBye Schegloff and Sacks,1973

111

1./

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

3: 15

14 * JBI04 JSK0415 * JSK04 < > 2

4: / 13

10 * TYK07?

?

JBI JOK JBI JSK JBIJYK JBI TBI TOK

TBI TSK TBI TYK TBI

1: 63

12

61 * TBI06?

?

62 * TYK06 < > [ ]

< > []

63 * TYK06< >

< > 1

2: 45

44 * JBI09 JSK09

< >

45 * JSK09< > JSK09 JSK09

<JBI092 >

1

7: 39

38 * JBI01 < >{<}

39 * JSK01< >{>}

5

8: 119

117 * JBI03 118 * JOK03119 * JOK03 3 6

11 * TBI079

9

12 * TBI07< >{<}

< >{<}

13 * TYK07< >{>}

< >{>} 2

5: 18

16 * JOK12 ?17 * JBI12 918 * JOK12 3

6: 15

14 * TBI09

15 * TOK09?

??

4

10: 17

16 * JBI03

17 * JSK03 8

11: 123

122 * JOK039

123 * JOK03/ 7 /< >{<} 9

13 ha2 ei4

1 2 3 4 0

9: 44

42 * TYK11

ha213(" " )

? 3

43 * TBI11ha2 ?

? ?

44 * TYK11 7

12: 18

17 * TBI14

9 3

9 3

18 * TSK14 10

3. 2. 4.

8 1Cohen’s Kappa

Bakeman and Gottman, 19860.85

0.7

13: 14-1 14-2

13 * JBI01 14-1 / JOK01 9 ,,15 * JBI01

14-2 * JOK01 < >{<} 11

14:53

52 * TBI01

53 * TOK01 MRT 11

3.Po Pc Kappa

0.993 0.913 0.9140.983 0.919 0.7941.000 0.648 1.0000.959 0.701 0.864

4.4. 1. 4. 1. 1.

4

4.

% %5 12.8 5 12.8

18 46.2 23 59.0 3 7.7 5 12.8 8 20.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 12.8

* 5 12.9 1 2.6 39 100.1 39 100.0

*

1.

4 1

2 1

2

5.

% %

2 5.1 7 17.9 2 5.1 6 15.4

31 79.5 18 46.2 0 0.0 3 7.7 2 5.1 0 0.0 2 5.2 5 12.8

39 100.0 39 100.0

5 2

2.

4. 1. 2.

6.

% %6 3.8 2 1.2

15 9.4 10 5.8 31 19.5 63 36.6

8 5.0 28 16.3 75 47.2 23 13.4

5 3.1 24 14.0 2 1.3 8 4.7

10 6.3 1 0.6 3 1.9 0 0.0 3 1.9 8 4.7 1 0.6 5 2.9

159 100.0 172 100.0

3.

80%46.2% 15.4% 17.9%

5.1%

7.7%

6 3

2

7

7.

100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 100.0 20.0 0.0 83.9 90.5 16.1 9.5 12.5 39.3 87.5 60.7

2.7 4.3 97.3 95.7 80.0 75.0 20.0 25.0

100.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 80.0 100.0 20.0 0.0 33.3 66.7

100.0 87.5 0.0 12.5 100.0 60.0 0.0 40.0 41.5 66.3 58.5 33.7

74 6

7 3

4. 2

4. 2. 4. 2. 1.

1993

15 1615 JOK06

35-1 35-2 JOK0616 JBI09 JSK09

JSK09 45 48 50-1 50-2JBI09

30 44

15:

32 * JOK06 ?

33-1 / JBI06 < >{<},,

34 * JOK06<< >>{>} [

]

33-2 * JBI06

35-1 / JOK06 ,,

36 * JBI0635-2 * JOK06 337 * JBI06

38 * JOK06

39 * JBI06

15JOK06

1998

16:

28-2 * JBI09 JSK09

30 * JBI0931 * JSK09 ?

32 * JBI09

44 * JBI09JSK09

< >

45 * JSK09< > JSK09 JSK09

<JBI092 >

1

46 * JBI09 9 < >47 * JBI09 <9 >{<}< >48 * JSK09 < >{>} 349 * JBI09 < > 9

50-1 / JSK09 ,,51 * JBI09

50-2 * JSK09 3

52 * JBI09 < > ?

53 * JSK09< >

{<} 10

4. 2. 2. 14

DCT DCT

17 JYK08JBI08

18JBI01

JOK01

17:

5-2 * JBI08 JYK08 ?7 * JYK08 ?8 * JBI08 9 * JYK08 1 10 * JBI08 ?11 * JYK0812 * JBI08 ?13 * JYK0814 * JBI08 15 * JYK08

18:

1-6 * JBI01 ?<>

7 * JOK01= [

]

8 * JBI01 = < >9 * JOK0110 * JBI01

14 1993 /

/ /4

4. 2. 3. 1 11

8. %

89.3 91.9 10.7 8.1

100.0 100.0

5 /

5

1994

5.

11 * JOK01 2 12 * JBI01 < ><2 >13 * JBI01

14-1 / JOK01 9 ,,15 * JBI01

14-2 * JOK01 < >{<} 11

1994

5.

6.

1993 Politeness Politeness Theory14 20-29

————— 19981997 145-159

————— 2003 Basic Transcription System for JapaneseBTSJ

13 14 C 2

4-211998

101994 4

1993

20015 77-101

2002330 1-18

1994 451 43-54

198187-112

199642 2 540-545

Bakeman, R. & Gottman, J. M. 1986. Observing Interaction: an Introduction to Sequential Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Brown, P. & Levinson, S. 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge :Cambridge University Press.

Liao Chao-chih 1994. A Study on the Strategies, Maxims, and Development of Refusal in Mandarin Chinese. The Crane Publishing: Taipei.

Schegloff, Emanuel A. 1968. Sequencing in conversational openings. American anthropologist 70.6:1075-95.

Schegloff, Emanuel A. and H. Sacks. 1973. Opening up closing. Semiotica, 7.4:289-327.

1.

negotiation of meaningM.Long

1985negotiated conversation

2001

1999a

2002

NSNNS

2.2. 1.

2. 2.

1 NS NNS2

2. 3. 1

1.

NNS(NSM1 NNSM2) (NSF3 NNSF4) 20 16

NSM01 04NNSM01 04

NSF01 04NNSF01 04

NS5

NNS6

3 48

NSM05 08NNSM05 08

NSF05 08NNSF05 08

NSNNS 8

1 NSM Native Speaker Male2 NNSM Non Native Speaker Male3 NSF Native Speaker Female4 NNSF Non Native Speaker Female5

6 1

7

15

2003 BasicTranscription System For Japanaese:BTSJ

10 1 24Cohen’s Kappa Kappa=0.818

8

2. 4. 2

21993 1998 1999 1997

2.

ABCD

.

E F

GH

.

I

7 1

8 Cohen’s kappa 5 20

0.70.75

Bakeman & Gottman 1986 1997:3

2. 4. 1.

A.1

C P9 A T10 AD11 R12

223 208 * NSF04

“” A

224 209 * NNSF04

B.

2

C P A T AD R

391 366 * NNSF05

392 367 * NNSF05 B

393 368 * NSF05

9 C P10 A T11 AD12 R

C.? ?

3

C P A T AD R

328 320 * NSF08< >{>}< ?>{<}

C

329 321 * NNSF08 < >{>} ?330 322 * NSF08

D.

4

C P A T AD R

98 92-1 / NSM04 ,,

99 93 * NNSM04

100 92-2 * N S M 0 4?? < ??>{<}

D

101 94 * NNSM04 < ??>{>} [ ]

E.? ?

5

C P A T AD R

199 198 * NNSM07 < >

200 199 * NNSM07'2

??' < > '2'??

E

201 200 * NSM07 2

2. 4. 2.

G. ? ? ?

7

C P A T AD R

264 248 * NSF04

265 249 * NNSF04 ? G266 250 * N S F 0 4

267 251 * N S F 0 4

268 252 * NNSF04 ?

F.

6

C P A T AD R

104 96 * NNSF03

105 97 * N S F 0 3106 98 * NNSF03107 99 * N S F 0 3 F108 100 * NNSF03 =

I.

9

C P A T AD R

42 40 * NNSF01

43 41 * NSF01

44 42 * NNSF01/ /

45 43 * NSF01 ? I46 44 * NNSF0147 45 * NSF01 < >{<}

3.NS NNS NNS NNS

3. 1. NS NNSNS NNS 3

H.? ?

8

C P A T AD R

263 259 * NSM08 ?264 260-1 / NNSM08 < ?>{<},,265 261 * N S M 0 8 < >{>}266 260-2 * NNSM08 ? [ ] H267 262 * N S M 0 8268 263 * NNSM08

3. NS NNS. .

A B C D

/

E

/

F G H I

10 59 8 3 2 16 10 25 249 382 NS

3% 15% 2% 1% 1% 4% 3% 7% 65% 100% 123 41 7 39 11 0 12 29 87 349

NNS35% 12% 2% 11% 3% 0% 3% 8% 25% 100%

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4-211999

367-85

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————— 199381 19-29

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19993 1-15

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————— 2002112 1-14

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177-190————— 1999a

368-380————— 1999b

713-24

————— 200277-89

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1 119-136

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19988 67-79

Bakeman, R. & Gottman, J. M. 1986 Observing Interaction: an Introduction to Sequential Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Firth, A. & Wanger, J. 1997 On Discourse, Communication, and (Some) Fundamental Concepts in SLA Research. The Modern Language Journal, 81-3, 285-300.

Long, Michael. 1993. Native Speaker/Non-native Speaker Conversation and the Negotiation of comprehensible input. Applied Linguistics. 4/2, 126-141.

————— 1998. The role of implicit negative feedback in SLA : Models and recasts in Japanese and Spanish. The modern Language journal. 82 (3), 357-371.

Mariko,Moroishi Wei. 2002. Recasts, Noticing, and Error Type : Japanese Learners’Perception of Corrective Feedback. 5 24-41

Miyazaki Satoshi. 2000. Communicative Adjustment and Adjustment Marker : The point of Request for Clarification. 3 57-93

Pica, T., Holliday, L., Lewis, N., & Morgenthaler, L. (1989) Comprehensible Output as an Outcome of Linguistic Demands on the Learner. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 11, 63-90.

Varonis, E. and S. Gass. 1985. Non-native/Non-native conversations : A Model for Negotiation of Meaning. Applied Linguistics, 6, 71-90.

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15/7719.5%

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198969 61-68

199857-62

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2 1 62 6719951989 69 77-92

2003

Brown, P. & Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness– Some universals in language usage. New York : Cambridge University Press.

Usami, Mayumi. 2002. Discourse Politeness in Japanese Conversation Some Implications for a Universal Theory of Politeness. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo

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19901987

10 vol.6 93-1092003 Cohen’s Kappa

http://japanese.human.metro-u.ac.jp/kokubun/gaidai/cohen.html 2003. 10. 211988 2 6 vol.17

94-951996

61 135-1561991 92-107

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Albert,J.K.

Albert, J. K.,Keller-Guenther, Y., & Cormam,

S. R.

Bakeman, R. & Gottman, J. M.

Boxer,D. & Cortes-Conde, F.

Brown, P. & Levinson, S. C.

Grice, P.

Hay, J.

Holtgraves, T.

Hopper, R.

Liao Chao-chih

Long, M.

Nagórko, A.

Rees-Miller

Schegloff, Emanuel A

Schegloff, E. A. & Sacks, H.

Searle, J. R.

Straehl, C. A.

Zajdman, A.

21 COE11 26 18 15 20 15

103

Tsutomu Akamatsu, University of Leeds

21 COE11 8 16 30 18 00

226

On the cultural history of Europe Insights provided by the Atlas Linguarum Europae

Wolfgang Viereck, Otto-Friedrich University at Bamberg

21 COE6 1 16 30 18 00

419

Joseph F. Kess, University of Victoria, Canada

21 COE12 24 16 30 18 30

419

Yukiko Hatasa, University of Iowa

21 COE10 9 14 00 16 00

419The Linguistics of Choice

Florian Coulmas, University of Duisburg, Germany

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419

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1012 20 18 00 19 30

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912 1 18 00 19 30

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810 7 18 30 20 30

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419

BTS Basic Transcription System:

67 23 18 30 20 30

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Basic Transcription System for Japanese: BTSJBTS

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Basic Transcription System for Japanese:BTSJ

45 31 18 00 20 00

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54 21 18 00 19 30

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44 18 18 00 19 30

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33 19 17 00 20 00

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23 13 18 00 20 00

419

11 23 18 00 20 00

419

610 31

TUFS Language Module

D 50

510 30

TUFS Language Module 5

410 25

TUFS Language Module 4TUFS

TUFS P

39 25

TUFS Language Module 3

TUFS D

28 1

TUFS Language Module 2

D

16 26

TUFS Language Module 1TUFS P

D

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Linguistic Informatics

Edited by Yuji KAWAGUCHI, Susumu ZAIMA, Toshihiro TAKAGAKI, Kohji SHIBANO, Mayumi USAMI 2003 10

Corpus-Based Analyses on Sentence Structures

Edited by Toshihiro TAKAGAKI, Susumu ZAIMA, Yoichiro TSURUGA, Yuji KAWAGUCHI 2004 4

The First International Conference on Linguistic Informatics

Edited by Yuji KAWAGUCHI, Susumu ZAIMA, Toshihiro TAKAGAKI, Kohji SHIBANO, Mayumi USAMI 2004 10

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21 COE

183-8534 3-11-1