مدخل المبتدأ لبرمجة الألعاب باستخدام ال DirectX 9

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DirectX

:-:

-DirectX- (SDK)Microsoft Visual Studio.Net-

:-API-DirectX-HAL-DirectX-

:DirectX-DirectD-PresentParameters-Device-

:Onpaint-()Main-

:Microsoft VisualDirectX-

Studio.NetWindows Application-

DirectX-

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:- Vertexe

- Position Vertexes

- Transformed Vertexes:

TransformedVertexes-TransformedColored-

:PositionColoredVertexes-Camera-

:Translation-Rotation-

:Scaling-RotationTranslationMatrix-

Scaling:

Vertex Math-Vertex Buffer-

:Texture-Vertex-

:Lighting-Mesh-

Font-

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:

-

- - DirectX (SDK)- Microsoft Visual Studio.Net

:

,

,,

, )(

( .(

(

,,, OOP), .

,,,

.

C#,.

.

:

DirectX SDK (Software Development Kit)

Microsoft Visual Studio.Net

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SDKDirectX

:html.,news/de.winfuture.www://http

DirectX SDK (dxsdk.exe, KB, englisch).

Install... :

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Net.Microsoft Visual Studio

... (Next).

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:-- API

- DirectX - HAL- DirectX

----------------------------------------------

:

,

, ,(GraphicsCard, Video Card, Video Board, Video Display Board, Display AdapterVideo Adapter, Graphics Adapter),)(

((Mother Board,

, ,

dfx voodoo

,(Graphics Pressing Units (GPUs((Processor ,

, GPU.

:NVIDIAGeforce

ATI

-------------------------

)API(Application Programming Interface

. ((Operating System

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:((textbox, *****, font, color, button,(Createwindow, SetwindowText((Functions

ExitWindow, TextOut, Copyfile)

((User, Gdi.dll, Kernel ((FontData Structure

.

:: win Bit

: win Bit ((User, Gdi.dll, Kernel,

: win Bit win

, Window Serverwindows XP

: Winfix ) windows Vista) Garbage.Net

Collector System (GLR) )~( Destructor,

GUI Avalon ,),(

.,

------------------------------

DirectX

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(Graphics Language), DirectX OpenGl

GDI QuickDrow .

DirectXAPI, DirectX,DOS,

, ViewPoint ObjectTransformationLightingTexture (

( ,Low Level API

DirectX BitGamma Support, .Net C# VB.Net.

------------------------------

)HAL(Hardware Abstraction Layer

(DirectX) Hardware (

( Software ().

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....

DirectX.

, DirectX.

DirectX .

:

()

,((DirectX

.

---------------------------- DirectX

(Name Space) .,

DirectD : .(D()(

DirectDraw : DirectD.(D(

DirectSound :.DirectPlay :

Network.(Client - Server).DirectInput :

Joystick.AudioVideoPlayback : Multimedia

.

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:

- DirectX- DirectD

- PresentParameters- Device

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DirectX

: C++"You Game Programmer"

Coutiostreaminclude . iostream Cout.

C# DirectX,Microsoftusing

Namespace (DirectD, DirectPlay, DirectSound,..etc).:

, ,..

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using Microsoft DirectX Direct3D DirectSound .. Classes ( ) Properties ().

Direct3D

DirectX ,

:: DirectX Direct3D

:

using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;using Microsoft.DirectX;

: DirectX . Direct3D Class PresentParameters Class Device.

Class : PresentParameters

Class (Property) :Windowed : )( Windows Application , true. false fullscreen

SwapEffect : , :

Page Flipping: :SwapEffect.Flip ;

.((Tow Screen

x ) x x = )

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)((a(,((

,(b(.

Page Copying: :SwapEffect.Copy ;

)((a(,((

((Copy,(b(

.

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Discarding :SwapEffect.Discard;

,

. (, .(

(AutoDepthStencilFormat ,EnableAutoDepthStencil)

Depth Buffer Z Buffer W Buffer

:,

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(BackBufferCount, BackBufferFormat , BackBufferWidth,

BackBufferHeight )

) Buffer)

.

, DirectX Buffer RAM

,(a(

((Buffer ( ,(b (Buffer)(RAM) ....

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BackBufferCount Buffer , Buffer

. BackBufferCount

BackBufferFormat Buffer (Full screen)

Buffer BackBufferWidth BackBufferHeight

: Class Device.

Class DirectX :

: , ,

(ID Number),

DirectX .:

:Device (0, , , , )

:, : Software (

( (CPU). Hardware (GPU). Reference Debugging SDK DirectX

Hardware CPU.

:

Device (0, DeviceType.Hardware ,, , )

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: DirectX ,

(this) . :

Device (0, DeviceType.Hardware , this, , )

: Vectors ( ) :

SoftwareVertexProcessing Vectors Central Processing Unite (CPU). HardwareVertexProcessing Vectors (GPU), .

MixedVertexProcessing : CPU GPU.

HardwareVertexProcessing MixedVertexProcessing , Vectors , SoftwareVertexProcessing .

:Device (0, DeviceType.Hardware , this, SoftwareVertexProcessing , )

: Class PresentParameters Class Device PresentParameters Device ( OOP).

:Device (0, DeviceType.Hardware , this, SoftwareVertexProcessing ,

Object- PresentParameters )

------------ --- ------------------------ --- ------------

:

:public void ondevice()

{

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PresentParameters pp = new

PresentParameters();

pp.Windowed=true;

pp.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;

pp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;

pp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = DepthFormat.D16;

device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware,

this, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, pp);

}

... ..

((function ondevice() PresentParameters device

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:

Onpaint-()Main-

()OnPaint

:, ,

, ((Scan

. ,

Buffer SwapEffect ClassPresentParameters.()

OnPaint() ClassWindows Form(Built In).

,(Event) PaintEventArgs

::

protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs

e)

{

....

....

}

:

.. ((OnPaint((parameter Buffer

.:

)) seconds .. ... .., ....

seconds..,

(Function)(OnPaint) .

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.......)(

...).. ( , Clear.

.

((Clear Buffer :

:device.Clear (.. , .., ..,..)

Clear((function(parameter) :

((Clear:

:device.Clear (ClearFlags.Target , .., ..,..)

ClearFlags.Target : Back Buffer( SwapEffect

(((Back Buffer((Front Buffer

ClearFlags.ZBuffer: Z Buffer (.(

ClearFlags.Stencil : Z Buffer ((

((Effects Pixel.

,: Buffer

Color,.(...,,,(

:device.Clear (ClearFlags.Target ,Color.Red , ..,..)

: Buffer

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:device.Clear (ClearFlags.Target ,Color.Red , ,..)

: Pixels

:device.Clear (ClearFlags.Target ,Color.Red , )

,,, :

:protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs

e)

{

device.Clear (ClearFlags.Target ,Color.Red , )

}

((Draft() Present((Function

:

:protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs

e)

{

device.Clear (ClearFlags.Target ,Color.Red , )device.Present ();

}

device ((object Device DirectX. ().

-----------

()Main

.... (AccessPoint) (Entry Point),

.

:static void Main()

{

}

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((Object((function,

ondevice Device DirectX.

()OnPaint . ((Built In

:

:static void Main()

{

Form xx = new Form();

{

xx.ondeivce (); }

}

,

Object(xx),

:Application.Run (xx);

:

:static void Main()

{

Form xx = new Form();

{

xx.ondeivce ();

Application.Run (xx);}

}

------------------------------

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:

- DirectX Microsoft Visual Studio.NetWindows Application-

- DirectX DirectX Net.sual StudioMicrosoft Vi

Microsoft Visual Studio.Net New Project,

Visual C# Projects

Windows ApplicationDirectX Ok

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AddProject,Reference

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, DirectX,Select

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DirectXSelect

Components,, Ok

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DirectX

Solution Explorer

DirectX

Windows Application

((Right Click .((View Code,

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, (On,Self Generated).

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: (, )

:using System;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Collections;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Data;

,

:using System.Drawing;

.

:using System.Windows.Forms;

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paint

:

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form

(Inheritance) (Form1) Form,

.

:

private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

public Form1()

{

//

// Required for Windows Form Designer support

//

InitializeComponent();

//

// TODO: Add any constructor code after

InitializeComponent call

//

}

///

/// Clean up any resources being used.

///

protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )

{

if( disposing )

{

if (components != null)

{

components.Dispose();

}

}

base.Dispose( disposing );

}

, ( .,)

.

:static void Main()

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{

Application.Run(new Form1());

}

... )( .

DirectX:

(

.( : DirectX :

:using Microsoft.DirectX;

using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;

: Device Direct3d

Device device3d;

: ondevice() Device PresentParameters

:public void ondevice()

{

PresentParameters pp = new PresentParameters();

pp.Windowed = true;


device3d = new Device (0,DeviceType.Hardware

,this,CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing ,pp);

}

: OnPaint() :

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:protected override void OnPaint (System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs

e)

{

device3d.Clear (ClearFlags.Target ,Color.Red

,1,0);device3d.Present ();

}

: :

:

static void Main()

{using (Form1 xx = new Form1 ())

{

xx.ondevice ();

Application.Run(xx);

}

}

DirectXRUN (F ),

,

DirectX, .

:

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:using System;




using System.Windows.Forms;using System.Data;

using Microsoft.DirectX;


namespace DirectX9

{

///

/// Summary description for Form1.

///


{

Device device3d;

///

/// Required designer variable.

///

private System.ComponentModel.Container components =

null;

public Form1()

{

//


//


//



//

}

public void ondevice()

{

PresentParameters pp = new PresentParameters

();

pp.Windowed = true;




}

protected override void OnPaint

(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{


,1,0);

device3d.Present ();

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}

///


///


{

if( disposing )

{


{


}

}

base.Dispose( disposing );

}

#region Windows Form Designer generated code

///

/// Required method for Designer support - do notmodify

/// the contents of this method with the code editor.

///

private void InitializeComponent()

{

this.components = new

System.ComponentModel.Container();

this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(300,300);

this.Text = "Form1";

}

#endregion

/// /// The main entry point for the application.

///

[STAThread]

static void Main()

{

using (Form1 xx = new Form1 ())

{

xx.ondevice ();


}

}

}}

DirectX (Full Screen) windowed :

:Format current = Manager.Adapters[0].CurrentDisplayMode.Format;

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pp.Windowed = false;

pp.BackBufferFormat = current;

pp.BackBufferCount = 1;

pp.BackBufferWidth = 800;

pp.BackBufferHeight = 600

Class Manager IDNumber Adapters[0] , (Format) ScreenResolution ( x769) Color Quality ( Bit).. CurrentDisplayMode.Format

:

:

using System;




using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Data;

using Microsoft.DirectX;


namespace DirectX9

{

///

/// Summary description for Form1.

///


{

Device device3d;

///

/// Required designer variable.

///

private System.ComponentModel.Container components =

null;

public Form1()

{

//


//


//



//

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}

public void ondevice()

{

PresentParameters pp = new PresentParameters

();


Format current =

Manager.Adapters[0].CurrentDisplayMode.Format;

pp.Windowed = false;

pp.BackBufferFormat = current;

pp.BackBufferCount = 1;

pp.BackBufferWidth = 800;

pp.BackBufferHeight = 600;



}

protected override void OnPaint

(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{


,1,0);

device3d.Present ();

}

///


///


{

if( disposing )

{


{


}

}

base.Dispose( disposing );}

#region Windows Form Designer generated code

///

/// Required method for Designer support - do not

modify

/// the contents of this method with the code editor.

///

private void InitializeComponent()

{

this.components = new

System.ComponentModel.Container();

this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(300,300);

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this.Text = "Form1";

}

#endregion

///

/// The main entry point for the application.

///

[STAThread]

static void Main()

{

using (Form1 xx = new Form1 ())

{

xx.ondevice ();


}

}

}

}

------

... (On SelfGenerated), ... :

:

using System.Drawing;using System.Windows.Forms;


public class DX: Form

{

Device device;

public void ondeivce()

{

PresentParameters pp = new PresentParameters ();

pp.Windowed = true;


pp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;

pp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = DepthFormat.D16 ;

device = new Device (0,DeviceType.Hardware


}

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protected override void

OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{

device.Clear (ClearFlags.Target ,Color.SkyBlue

,1,1);

device.Present ();

}

static void Main()

{

using (DX xx = new DX ())

{

xx.ondeivce ();

Application.Run (xx);

}}

}

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:

- Vertexes- Position Vertexes

- Transformed Vertexes

Vertexes

( xyz), ((Object object Vertexes, Vertexes

DirectX . DirectX(Rectangle)

...

DirectX Namespace DirectD ClassCustomVertex

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Vertex Position Vertexes TransformedVertexes

------------------------

:Position Vertexes

(Vertex)(x,y,z)((

:

Position Vertexes:

PositionOnly:.PositionColored:.PositionTextured:.

PositionNormal:.

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Transformed Vertexes:

Transformed :.TransformedColored:.

TransformedTextured:. TransformedColoredTextured:.

------------------------

((Color/ .,((Texture/

.

Vertex

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مدخل المبتدأ لبرمجة الألعاب باستخدام ال DirectX 9