解讀奧林匹克精神解讀奧林匹克精神

““Doping in Sport”Doping in Sport”

運動違規用藥運動違規用藥

Drug Race Workshop Drug Race Workshop

List 7-10 reasons on ‘Why drugs-List 7-10 reasons on ‘Why drugs-taking is wrong? (5 min)taking is wrong? (5 min)

Race starts! Race starts!

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Q: Can you counter those reasons?Q: Can you counter those reasons?

1. Because drugs enhance 1. Because drugs enhance performanceperformance

增進表現增進表現

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1. Because drugs enhance 1. Because drugs enhance performanceperformance

not all drugs enhancenot all drugs enhance new technology (fiber glass, new technology (fiber glass,

shoes...)shoes...) resources distributionresources distribution weight trainingweight training

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Q: Can you counter those reasons?Q: Can you counter those reasons?

2. Because (some) drugs allow 2. Because (some) drugs allow athletes to train harderathletes to train harder

訓練更加努力訓練更加努力

Review Parry’s paperReview Parry’s paper2. Because (some) drugs allow 2. Because (some) drugs allow

athletes to train harderathletes to train harder

job of sports medicjob of sports medic athletes’ wish- to train harderathletes’ wish- to train harder

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Q: Can you counter those reasons?Q: Can you counter those reasons?

3. Because drugs are unnatural3. Because drugs are unnatural

不自然不自然

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3. Because drugs are unnatural3. Because drugs are unnatural

steroids: derivatives of the hormone steroids: derivatives of the hormone testosterone - occur naturally in the testosterone - occur naturally in the bodybody

weight training is ‘unnatural’?weight training is ‘unnatural’? Many legitimate medications- not natureMany legitimate medications- not nature sport itself is unnaturalsport itself is unnatural ‘‘nature’ is too vaguenature’ is too vague

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Q: Can you counter those reasons?Q: Can you counter those reasons?

4. Because their use forces others to 4. Because their use forces others to use themuse them

群起效應群起效應

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4. Because their use forces others to 4. Because their use forces others to use themuse them

No one is forced to become a pro No one is forced to become a pro (Bob)(Bob)

too broad - e.g. study hardertoo broad - e.g. study harder top A knows what they want top A knows what they want

(intensive training)(intensive training)

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Q: Can you counter those reasons?Q: Can you counter those reasons?

5. Because they are harmful5. Because they are harmful

有害有害

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5. Because they are harmful5. Because they are harmful

some adventure sports could also some adventure sports could also be harmful (mountain climbing, be harmful (mountain climbing, hand-gliding)hand-gliding)

no real evidence shows steroids no real evidence shows steroids harmfulharmful

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Q: Can you counter those reasons?Q: Can you counter those reasons?

6. Because they are illegal 6. Because they are illegal

不合法不合法

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6. Because they are illegal 6. Because they are illegal

alcohol is a killer, but it is legalalcohol is a killer, but it is legal tobacco is a killer too - more than tobacco is a killer too - more than

steroids.steroids.

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Another approach: Another approach:

What are the dangers of introducing What are the dangers of introducing a ban a ban

1. Loss of medical benefits 1. Loss of medical benefits

2. Paternalism2. Paternalism

3. Infringement of liberties3. Infringement of liberties

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1. Loss of medical benefits 1. Loss of medical benefits

(( 失去醫療效果失去醫療效果 ) )

recreational drugsrecreational drugs recovered drugsrecovered drugs purpose and intentionpurpose and intention

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2. Paternalism (2. Paternalism (父權主義父權主義 ))Mill’s harm principleMill’s harm principle: :

““that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized exercised over any member of a civilized communities, against his will, is to prevent harm to communities, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant.”a sufficient warrant.”

smoke, drink to death - personal choice smoke, drink to death - personal choice sports chiefs have no right to interfere sports chiefs have no right to interfere

with adultswith adults

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3. Infringement of liberties (3. Infringement of liberties ( 自由侵犯自由侵犯 ))

individual free choiceindividual free choice any ban would require any ban would require

enforcement, which entails the enforcement, which entails the introduction of apparatus, introduction of apparatus, procedures & timetable of testing.procedures & timetable of testing.

Critique on Parry’s Critique on Parry’s paperpaper

Unethical: ‘obvious’ unethical vs. Unethical: ‘obvious’ unethical vs. ‘hidden’ unethical issues/reasons‘hidden’ unethical issues/reasons

Combination of the above reasonsCombination of the above reasons

Humanism and sport Humanism and sport

問題討論問題討論 Group project:Group project:

1. What is performance-enhancing drug?1. What is performance-enhancing drug?

2. Why should such substances not be 2. Why should such substances not be allowed, particularly in a noble mutually allowed, particularly in a noble mutually quest for excellence?quest for excellence?

問題討論問題討論

3. In terms of the consistancy argument, 3. In terms of the consistancy argument, why is taking drugs different than other why is taking drugs different than other practices that may be dangerous, practices that may be dangerous, coercive, constraining, unfair biologically, coercive, constraining, unfair biologically, or dehumanizing?or dehumanizing?

4. Is paternalistic interference justified?4. Is paternalistic interference justified?

5. Are privacy-invasive testing procedures 5. Are privacy-invasive testing procedures justifiable?justifiable?