預官甄試輔導 英文科 Dr. Jia-Yeuan Lee

李家遠 老師

九十三年大專程度義務役預備軍官預備士官考試試題範例介紹

題型 92 93 1. Vocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Reading

12 16

14 12

14 10

答題訣竅 單字從文章閱讀中來記憶

1100 Words you should know—Longman 504 Words

文法記住基本之架構 閱讀常問的問題， 不外乎 1. It can be inferred from the passa

ge that …

2. Which is NOT the feature mentioned by the author about the …

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned …?

4. The main idea of this passage is ….

答題訣竅 1. 相信第一選擇 2. 選長的選項 3. 猜 C 4. 先讀完再答， 或邊讀邊找 ，隨個人喜好

Five Basic Forms of Sentences:

1. S + V2. S + V + C3. S + V + O4. S + V + O + OC5. S + V + Oi + Od

Five Kinds of Sentences ( Classified by Use)

1. Declarative sentences2. Interrogative sentences3. Imperative sentences4. Exclamatory sentences5. Optative sentences

Four Kinds of Sentences (Classified by Structure)

1.      Simple sentences2.      Compound sentences3.      Complex sentences4.      Compound and Complex

sentences.

  The Elements of Sentences 

1.     Subject2.     Predicate3.    Object4.  Complement5.    Modifier6.     Connective7.    Independent elements

  Parts of Speech:

Noun, Adjective, Adverb, Verb,

Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection,

Pronoun.

  Phrases:

1.  Noun Phrase: how to swim, to study a language, speaking slowly,

2. Pronoun Phrase: each other, one another

3. Verb Phrase: take place, look forward to… have been working

4. Adjective Phrase: A bird in the hand, The pen on the table…5. Adverbial Phrase: The meeting began at 5.6. Prepositional Phrase: ( Used as adjective or adverb)

1. 介系詞片語 The pen on the table is mine. I put the book on the table. 2. 片語介系詞 because of, owing to, due to, as for, in spite of, in front of, by means of, with a view to, for the purpose of…

7. Conjunction Phrase: as soon as, as well as, as if,

He talks as if he knew the secret.

8. Interjection Phrase: By heaven! My God!

Clauses

1. Noun clause: A. That + S +V B. Wh + S + V C. Whether, if +S+V That he is a good man is a fact. I am not what I was ten years ago. I don’t know whether he will come or no

t. Just because you know him does not mea

n you can abuse your power.

2. Adjective clause: Those who live in a glass house should not

throw stones. Mr. Jones, whose father was a decent man,

helped a lot of poor people. 3. Adverbial clause: You may go where you like. When I was ten, I knew how to cook.

Forms

1.  Noun: Noun, Noun phrase, Noun clause, Infinitive, Gerund, The + Adjective

2.  Adjective: Adjective, Adjective Phrase, Adjective Clause, Infinitive, Present Participle, Past Participle

3.  Adverb: Adverb, Adverb Phrase, Adverb Clause,

 

What can be used as S, O, C. S: N, Pronoun, The adjective, To + V,

Gerund (V+ing), N Phrase, N ClauseO: N, Pronoun, The adjective, To + V,

Gerund (V+ing), N Phrase, N Clause

C: (A) SC: N, Pronoun, Adjective, Adverb, To + V, Gerund (V+ing), Present Participle, Adjective phrase, N Phrase, N Clause (B) OC: N, Adjective, To + V, Present Participle, Past Participle ,Adj. phrase

S + V

Birds fly. John usually sleeps only 5 hours a

day. It is raining heavily. Mary came in. This machine does not work well.

Birds fly in the sky. You cannot just depend on other

people.

S + V + C

You look beautiful. She feels good.

(be, seem look, appear, feel, smell, taste, keep, remain, prove, become, get, grow, turn, come, go, fall, run)

He acted as the manager of the company.

This word functions as the subject.

S + V + O Everybody loves me. The car knocked the boy down. (1) (to + V) attempt, begin, cease,

decide, endeavor, expect, fear, forget, help, hope, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, start, try, undertake, want, wish,

(2) be, seem, appear, prove, turn out, happen, chance, care, long, agree, hesitate, fail, come, go, run, stop, etc.

I don’t know where to go.

V+ing(Gerund) (1) admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up, cannot help, mind, miss, practice, regret, cannot stand, stop, suggest, etc. (2) (both gerund and infinitive) cannot bear, begin, endure, forget, hate, intend, like, love, mean, need, prefer, remember, start, try, want, etc. (3) V+ing (participle) come, remain, stand, etc. We stopped smoking.

They came running.

That clause: acknowledge, admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, demonstrate, deny, doubt, expect, explain, fear, feel, hear, hope, imagine, know, mean, notice, perceive, prefer, propose, report, request, say, see, show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, urge, wish, etc.

He suggested that we should leave right now.

We complained that the place was too noisy.

It seems that Jane is very smart.

Wh clause: ask, discover, discuss, doubt, find out, imagine, know, reveal, say, show, suggest, tell, understand, wonder, care, marvel, mind, etc. Do you know who he is? I wonder whether he will come or not.

prep + O (pron. or n): buy, cash, choose, cook, get, leave, make, order, play, reach, save, spare, etc.

I explained the problems to my boss. The police accused him of theft. Thank you for your kind letter. She gave the book to that boy.

S + V + Oi + Od A. O + O : accord, afford, allow, ask,

bring, buy, cash, cause, choose, cook, deny, do, fetch, get, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, order, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, reach, read, refuse, render, save, sell, send, show, sing, spare, teach, tell, wish, write, etc.

She gave them the drinks. He offered me a ride. Will you do me a

favor?

B. O + that clause: (1) tell, show, teach, promise (2) assure, convince, inform, persuade, remind, warn.

I told him that he was wrong. She promised me that she would

finish the project by 10. They informed us that they would be

late.

C. O + wh clause: ask, show, teach, tell, inform: I asked him when the tower had been destroyed.

Could you tell me how long you are going to stay?

D. O+ wh + to V: My father told me how to assemble the bike.

S + V + O + OC A. O + C: keep, leave, find, make,

render, elect, appoint, call, name, think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, know, judge, report, declare, paint, dye, boil, cut, push, throw, etc.

She keeps her house clean. Everybody considers him a good man.

He pushed the door open.

B. O+ as + C: accept, acknowledge, characterize, choose, describe, know, interpret, rank, recognize, regard, represent, take, treat, view, etc.

We regard him as the leader. She described her son as really clever.

C. O+ p.p. : feel, find, hear, make, see, want, wish, etc. She heard her name called.

O+ Ving: (1) see, hear, feel, find, behold, watch, observe, perceive, notice, catch, keep, leave, have, set, send. (2) understand, remember, recollect, imagine, fancy, hear of, like, hate, mind, object to, etc.

Someone saw the man running away. I don’t like the boys playing about here. I cannot understand my daughter saying so.

O+ to V: (1) advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, compel, encourage, entreat, expect, force, get, help, impel, implore, instruct, invite, lead, leave, like, mean, oblige, order, permit, persuade, promise, require, teach, tell, tempt, urge, want, wish, etc. (2) believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, judge, know, prove, report, see, suppose, think.

We cannot allow the man to drink wine here. He declared himself to be a Republican.

O+ V root: (1) make, let, bid, have, help (2) see, hear, feel, find, know, behold, watch, observe, perceive, notice, etc.

Let me come in. I saw the boy steal the box.

The Expansion of a Sentence

A poor girl was crying. A poor girl was crying because she

had nothing to eat for three days. A poor girl who was in tatters was

crying because she had nothing to eat for three days.

參考書目 1100 Words you should know—

Longman 504 Words TOEFL Structure and Reading

去年考題 範例介紹

(B) 17. European settlers wasted no time in (A)

importing many of their technology to North America and (B)

applying it to the forests around them. (C) (D)

(C) 18. In seventeenth century Amsterdam,

the house facades were not only harmonious (A) but also distinct, unlikely the uniformity of

Parisian (B) (C) (D) and English squares.

(D) 19.When volcanoes are born in the

sea, the eruptions may be more violent than (A) those on land because the contact between (B) (C)

molten rock and seawater produce steam. (D)

(D) 20.Because carbon monoxide has (A) no odor or color, people breathing it usually (B) fall asleep without realizing they are be (C)

poisoned. (D)

(C) 21. The training manager must estimate (A) the expense for the program, including costs for his (B) (C) development, delivery, and evaluation. (D)

(B) 22. Evaporation is the process (A)that a liquid turns into a vapor at a (B) (C)temperature below its boiling point.

(D)

(C) 23. In paintings of cut flowers, (A)the artist has in most cases devoted (B)

just as much care to the vase than (C)

to the blooms, and sometimes the

vase is the most effective part of (D)

the picture.

(B) 24.Many machines use the inertia (A) force generating by a sudden (B) movement to activate catches and (C) (D)

ratchets.

(A) 25. Despite the bear's vision is poor, its (A) (B) sense of smell is keen, enabling the (C) remarkable bruin to smell food as (D) far away as a mile.

(B) 26. If a stone thrown into a pond, (A) (B) the ripples will spread out from the (C) point where the stone hits the water. (D)

(A)27, When taking in small (A)amounts, caffeine increases the

circulation and is considered (B)

harmless for most people. (C) (D)

An increasing percentage of newcomers to the U. S. workforce comes from populations that have been underserved in the past because of racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural differences. Social trends indicate that today's minority groups are more likely than those of previous generations to celebrate their own uniqueness and to demand respect and equal treatment from mainstream institutions.

Organizations must manage and train this increasingly diverse workforce. Good management depends on working effectively with other people by understanding and appreciating differences in values and perspectives. Individuals who can function in diverse situations tend to develop cross-cultural communication skills and stronger leadership abilities.

The primary goal of all training and development programs is to provide workers at all levels of an organization with the knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform their jobs and help the organization meet its business goals. Thus, for most organizations, the decision to provide diversity training is a business rather than a moral decision. Effective diversity training targets not only individuals but also the core values, traditions, structure, and culture of an organization. Diversity programs strive to identify and eliminate barriers that prevent individuals and the organization from achieving their goals.

Race, ethnicity, and gender problems in the workplace are increasingly viewed by management as a significant barrier to productivity. Organizations that do not respond to diversity experience lawsuits, high turnover, low morale and productivity, loss of talent to competitors, additional recruitment and training costs, and negative publicity.

(B) 29. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?

(A) Diversity in the U. S. workforce (B) Responding to diversity in the workplace

(C) Demands of minority groups in the workplace

(D) Techniques of good management

(C) 30. The word "those" in line 2 refers to

(A) cultural differences (B) social trends (C) minority groups (D) mainstream institutions

(A) 31.What does the author mean by the statement in lines 8-9,”…for most organizations, the decision to provide diversity training is a business rather than a moral decision.”?

(A) Diversity training is profitable for organizations.

(B) Effective workers are trained in an organization's core values.

(C) The culture of some organizations is immoral.

(D) Diversity training is a growing business.

(B) 32.The word "targets" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) looks for (B) aims at (C) objects to (D) consists of

(D) 33.The word "barrier" in lines 1O and 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) tradition (B) idea (C) solution (D) obstruction

(C) 34.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of disregarding diversity?

(A)Low productivity (B) Lawsuits (C) Violence (D) Additional costs

(D) 35.With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?

(A) Diversity training does not have to be costly to an organization.

(B) Members of minority groups should be trained in good management.

(C) Communication skills should be the main goal of diversity programs.

(D) Managing diversity benefits both individuals and organizations.

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