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Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from primary rubber industries , , Warit Jawjit, Carolien Kroeze, Suwat Rattanapun กกกก กก กก กกก 1: 19-21 2553

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Page 1: ก ก ก ก ก ก ˘ˇˆ˙ ˝ ˛ ˚˜ ˚ - TGO · Final rubber products Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from primary rubber industries ก ก ... Diesel use in latex

Quantification of greenhouse gas

emissions from primary rubber industries

����� ������, �� ���� ������, ������ �������Warit Jawjit, Carolien Kroeze, Suwat Rattanapun

������ก��������ก �������ก���ก��ก������ก��������������������� ��

ก����������ก�� ����� ���ก�������ก� ��ก �������� 1: 19-21 ������ 2553

Page 2: ก ก ก ก ก ก ˘ˇˆ˙ ˝ ˛ ˚˜ ˚ - TGO · Final rubber products Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from primary rubber industries ก ก ... Diesel use in latex

Final rubber productsFinal rubber productsQuantification of greenhouse gas emissions

from primary rubber industries

������!����ก���"�#����

�"���ก���$��ก���ก��#����%��&��� (#&.)

WIMEK, Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research, The Netherlands

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Final rubber productsFinal rubber productsQuantification of greenhouse gas emissions from

primary rubber industries

���กก������- ������ ����F�������GH�G���G���I��JK���L���&��������M�NO�����P�ก

����%��Q 2546 �Nก������ก�H���P�ก��F���������ก �N$#���"���F���ก��R�S�� ��H���$���NO��F�����ก�!��O�%#����

- GH����ก�!ก��������ก������ ���N$#������������T����ก���NO���"����G���I��JK��ก���R�����F����$���NO��F�����ก�!��O�%#���� �&� ���$��U��ก��N�# (Green label), P$��ก�� CDM, Carbon footprint, Carbon label & Carbon reduction label

- V������H�������ก �������ก���ก�"����!G���I��JK���������� ��O�T �&� W�����%R��K W����������� ���R����������

- ��%�#�����$P�P��N������ก���ก������ก �������ก���ก

Page 4: ก ก ก ก ก ก ˘ˇˆ˙ ˝ ˛ ˚˜ ˚ - TGO · Final rubber products Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from primary rubber industries ก ก ... Diesel use in latex

���������ก����������������ก�������

:Goal definition:Goal definition

�R�O�$"��#�ก��������ก �������ก���ก�NO�กNO�#����ก�!�R�O�$"��#�ก��������ก �������ก���ก�NO�กNO�#����ก�!�!#�ก��G�����"�����!�!#�ก��G�����"�����! %��G���I��JK����������%��G���I��JK���������� 3 3 ����I�����I� �%ก �%ก ��"���������"�������,, ���%�����%�� STR20STR20, , %�����%G�%�����%G���$#����$#��

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System boundarySystem boundary

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System boundary

Rubber Trees

Fresh latex

Concentrated latex Block Rubber (STR) Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS)

Primary rubber products

Medical glovesCondoms

etc.

BeltsSolesetc.

Vehicle tiresIndustrial rubber parts

etc.

Final rubber products

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System boundary (cont.)

N fertilizer use

Diesel use in fresh latex transportation

Electricity use

Diesel use

LPG use

Wood use

Rubber mills(Production of primary rubber products)

N & P Fertilizer production

Electricity production

Land conversion

Diesel use in tillage

CO2, N2O N2O

CO2, CH4, N2O

N2O

CO2, CH4, N2O

CO2, CH4, N2O

CO2, CH4, N2O

CO2, CH4, N2O

CH4, N2O

CO2, CH4, N2O

Rubber Plantations(Production of fresh latex)

Diesel production

LPG production

Logistic

Diesel production

Logistic

N2O

Ammonia production

Ammonia use

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���������������������� ( (Functional Unit)Functional Unit)

������ก �������ก���ก������ก �������ก���ก (kg CO(kg CO22--eq) eq) ����

��"�����!��"�����! 1 1 ������ ��"���������"������� 1 1 ������

���%�����%��STR 20STR 20 1 1 ������ ���%G���$#�����%G���$#�� 1 1 ������

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MethodologyMethodology

1) 1) ก���������� ������กก��ก�� ���ก���ก!�ก���������� ������กก��ก�� ���ก���ก!� ������ ����"ก�� ����"ก�� Emission from Agricultural & Industrial activitiesEmission from Agricultural & Industrial activities

E E x, i, jx, i, j = SUM = SUM i, ji, j (A (A i, ji, j ×× EF EF x, i ,jx, i ,j ××GWPGWPxx))

EE == Emission (COEmission (CO22--eq)eq)

AA == Activity levelActivity level

EFEF == Emission factorEmission factor

GWP =GWP = Global Warming PotentialGlobal Warming Potential

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MethodologyMethodology ((����))

2) 2) ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก��กก������'���&(���'ก���������กก����������ก%����&��ก���ก��กก������'���&(���'ก���������ก

Emission from land conversionEmission from land conversion

COCO22 lossloss = (C = (C forestforest -- C C rubber) x (44/12) / 20rubber) x (44/12) / 20

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Two scenarios on rubber plantationTwo scenarios on rubber plantation

Rubber plantation

on forest landRubber plantation on Rubber plantation on

cultivated landcultivated land

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�"�����' �)��)*� ���"�����' �)��)*� �� Activity data Activity data

1)1) )*� ���+ ,� �)*� ���+ ,� �

1.11.1 -��������-�������� 3333 ���� �������ก*�����������ก*���� 3 3 ��������

1.21.2 ����� ����� 8 8 �� ��

-- ����� ������(.�����(.����)*�)*� 3 3 ����� �����

-- ������������ ������������ 3 3 ����� �����

-- ���������/��� ���� ���������/��� ���� 2 2 ����� �����

2) 2) )*� ������,� �)*� ������,� �

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MJ/ton RSS900Wood use in ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) mills

MJ/ton STR1252LPG use in block rubber (STR) mills

MJ/ton RSS 150- in ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) mills

MJ/ton STR1000- in block rubber (STR) mills

MJ/ton conc. latex300- in concentrated latex mills

Diesel use

kWh/ton RSS10- in ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) mills

kWh/ton STR220- in block rubber (STR) mills

kWh/ton conc. latex100- in concentrated latex mills

Electricity use

kg/ton conc. latex17Ammonia use in concentrated latex mills

Liter/trip 5Diesel use for fresh latex transportation

kg-P/ha/year35P fertilizer use

kg-N/ha/year70N Fertilizer use

liter/ha/year0.78Diesel use in tillage

Unit valueActivity data

)*� ������0)��ก��ก�� (Activity data)

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Results:Results:/�ก�������ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก/�ก�������ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก

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ResultsResults/�ก�������ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก/�ก�������ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก

1.1. Emission from land conversionEmission from land conversion

2.2. Emission from agricultural, industrial Emission from agricultural, industrial activities activities

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ResultsResultsI. Emissions I. Emissions จากการปลูกยางจากการปลูกยาง

((การผลติน้ํายางสดการผลติน้ํายางสด))

Scenario 1

(���ก����� !������"�)

0.2 ton CO2-eq/ ton fresh latex

Major sources:Production and use of

N- fertilizer

Scenario 2

(���ก���1��&(���'��'�����2��3�)

6.4 ton CO2-eq/ ton fresh latex

Major sources:C stock loss

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ก%����&��ก���ก��ก)�(���ก�����ก���ก%����&��ก���ก��ก)�(���ก�����ก���

85Total

7Diesel use in latex transportation by pick-up car

0.4Diesel use in tractor for tillage

6N2O indirect emission after emission of fertilizer N as NOx and NH3

13N2O indirect emission after N leaching and runoff

59N2Odirect emission from N -Fertilizer use

Kg CO2-eq �NO �ก� �� ก ��� ����ก � ���Hก � � �118Total

0.67Production of diesel use for latex transportation

0.17Production of diesel use for tillage

4Production of P-fertilizer: energy related

82Production of N- Fertilizer: process related

30Production of N- Fertilizer: energy related

kg CO2-eq ��'�ก����กก��0��ก��/����4���0

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ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก��กก�����ก���1��&(���'�3���� ก����������ก%����&��ก���ก��กก�����ก���1��&(���'�3����

6,1716,1710.240.24006,0976,097TotalTotal

74740.240.240000NN22O direct emission from cultivation O direct emission from cultivation

of mineral forest soil of mineral forest soil

8348340000834834Soil carbon lossSoil carbon loss

9759750000975975C belowC below--ground lossground loss

4,2884,28800004,2884,288C aboveC above--ground lossground loss

Land conversion from forests to rubber plantations Land conversion from forests to rubber plantations

COCO22--eqeqNN22OOCHCH44COCO22

Emission (kg/ton fresh latex)Emission (kg/ton fresh latex)ActivitiesActivities

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ResultsResultsกาซเรือนกระจกจากกระบวนการกาซเรือนกระจกจากกระบวนการผลิตยางขั้นตนจากโรงงานยางผลิตยางขั้นตนจากโรงงานยาง

�(.����)*�

144 kg CO2-eq/ ton conc. latex

Major sources:Production of electricity

and ammonia

������� (STR 20)

307 kg CO2-eq/ ton STR 20

Major sources:Production of electricity,

Diesel and LPG use

����/��� ����

20 kg CO2-eq/ ton RSS

Major sources:Diesel use

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ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ������(.����)*�ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ������(.����)*�

1440.20.2143Total

0000Fuel wood use

0000LPG use

220.10.0222Diesel use

II. Emissions from rubber mills

570057Production of ammonia

0000Production of LPG

200.12Production of diesel :

630.20.162Production of electricity :

I. Production of raw materials used in rubber mills

CO2-eqN2OCH4CO2

Concentrated Latex

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ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ������������ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ������������ STR 20STR 20

30611305Total

0000Fuel wood use

790.040.0379LPG use

740.20.0874Diesel use

0000Production of ammonia

800.58Production of LPG

700.47Production of diesel :

1380.30.1137Production of electricity :

CO2-eqN2OCH4CO2

Block Rubber (STR 20)

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ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ���������/��� ����ก%����&��ก���ก��ก ���������/��� ����

201118Total

210.7991)Fuel wood use

0000LPG use

110.030.0111Diesel use

0000Production of ammonia

0000Production of LPG

100.11Production of diesel :

60.020.016Production of electricity :

CO2-eqN2OCH4CO2

Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS)

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ก��������������#�ก��������������#�Overall emissionOverall emission

ก���a��#�ก���������������กก��G�����"�����!�Hก���a��#�ก���������������กก��G�����"�����!�H G���I��JK���G���I��JK�����������������

1 ton of conc. latex 1 ton of conc. latex �������� 2 ton of fresh latex2 ton of fresh latex

1 ton of STR 20 1 ton of STR 20 �������� 2 ton of fresh latex2 ton of fresh latex

1 ton of RSS 1 ton of RSS �������� 3.3 ton of fresh latex3.3 ton of fresh latex

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Overall emissionOverall emission

210.66Ribbed smoked

sheet (RSS)

130.70Block rubber (STR

20)

130.54Conc. Latex

Scenario 2

(planted on forest

land)

ton CO2-eq/ton

product

Scenario 1 *

(planted on

cultivated land)ton CO2-eq/ton

product

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Overall emission Overall emission ((ก�5����ก�&(���'������ ก�5����ก�&(���'������ ))

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Concentratedlatex

STR 20 RSS

emis

sion

(kg

CO

2-eq

/ ton

pro

duct

)

Other emissions *

LPG production & use in mill

Diesel production & use in mill

Electricity production

Ammonia production

N fertilizer use

N fertilizer production

Page 26: ก ก ก ก ก ก ˘ˇˆ˙ ˝ ˛ ˚˜ ˚ - TGO · Final rubber products Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from primary rubber industries ก ก ... Diesel use in latex

0.2 ton CO2-eq/ton �(.������

0.14 ton CO2-eq/ton �(.����)*�

0.31 ton CO2-eq/ton STR20

0.02 ton CO2-eq/ton ����/��� ����

0.54 ton CO2-eq/ton �(.����)*�

0.70 ton CO2-eq/ton STR20

0.66 ton CO2-eq/ton ����/��� ����

P�����

�#�

ก�����ก ���/���(.������

Page 27: ก ก ก ก ก ก ˘ˇˆ˙ ˝ ˛ ˚˜ ˚ - TGO · Final rubber products Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from primary rubber industries ก ก ... Diesel use in latex

Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions

from rubber industryfrom rubber industry

Rubber plantationsRubber plantations

-- Site selection for newly developed landSite selection for newly developed land

-- Reduction of N fertilizer useReduction of N fertilizer use

Rubber millsRubber mills

-- Increasing energy efficiency managementIncreasing energy efficiency management

-- Electricity and fuel useElectricity and fuel use

-- Reduction of NHReduction of NH33 useuse

Page 28: ก ก ก ก ก ก ˘ˇˆ˙ ˝ ˛ ˚˜ ˚ - TGO · Final rubber products Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from primary rubber industries ก ก ... Diesel use in latex

)�)�0��5)�)�0��5

�� WIMEKWIMEK

�� �.���ก����5�ก�� ก��ก��������"��-���.���ก����5�ก�� ก��ก��������"��-�� ((�-�-..))�� "������������ � �����- ���7����-�� "������������ � �����- ���7����-���� 7������ ��2����7�"��-���*��ก�����ก����'�����*� ���)������7������ ��2����7�"��-���*��ก�����ก����'�����*� ���)������

������������ 7������&�)���,��1*7������&�)���,��1*�� �ก!�ก�-���������ก!�ก�-�������� ��� �����/��,�58������ �����/��,�58���

�� Journal of Cleaner ProductionJournal of Cleaner Production

�� ���0�������0����

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