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→ →
(goo )
Thomas S.Kuhn
( )(1962)
1966(S41) 1974(S49) 1960(S35) 1974(S49)
MAX
→ →
1937
→ → ( )
24
/
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
( )
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
0
50
100
150
200
250
2008 20
200
250
30 30 300 7.5
→
18
N
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
(%)
P
K
↓
( )
176 120934 533
or90
1910
19201927 31 13
1931
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
(%)
→
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )(1926 )( )(1940 )
)( )
(1902)
( 1923)
( )(1885)
(1909) (1901)
(1910)
(1888)
(1937)
(1948)
N (1919)
(1956)
(1950)
( (1927)
119 1898104 1913112 1905175 1842129108
18881909
107 1910116 1901
94 1923( ) 99 1918( ) 90 1927
39 1978
( , ) ( )
( ( )
( ), ( )
( (
) (M31) (S20 ))
( )
( ) ( )( ) (S30 )( )
( )
(S31) ( )
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
5,000,000
5,500,000
6,000,000
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
(-1945) (1946-1974) (1975-)
(-1945) (1946-1974)
(1975-)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
)
(S21 S30)
(S30S47)
(S48-H20)
(H20- )
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
, ,
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
(/
)
/ /
()
→()
→
( )
(1972)
0500,000
1,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,0004,500,0005,000,0005,500,0006,000,000
0500,000
1,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,000
( ) ( )( )
→
()
→ →
→
( )( )
(→ , )
( )
(1972)
(
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
0500,000
1,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,000
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
→ →
→→
( V )→→ → →
→ → →→ →
( ) ( 40 )
→ ( ) →
( ) ( )
( 2016)
( )
0.55 0.80 0.57 0.700.12 0.20 0.15 0.260.30 0.21 0.27 0.211.16 0.84 1.02 0.66
( )
( )
(
)
(
)
(1972)
8,890 11,66718,293
55,702 58,135
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
23 24 25 26 27
( )
DAP etc
pH
49
(
KC K2SO4 CaO MgO
600
800
1000
600
800
1000
(2015)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
10
20
30
40
600 800 1000
CP/T
P,W
P/TP
TP,C
P,W
P(%
),pH
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
10
20
30
40
600 800 1000
CP/T
P,W
P/TP
TP,C
P,W
P(%
),pH
95% H2SO4
200g/ 5 95% 85% 0.45M /100g 7
(H27.1)
37,602( 19,214
18,388 )
365 t( )
1,784 t( )
1,419 t( )
36.5 t( )
(2012.7)
57,100 ( 54,500 , 2,600 ) 10,000
25 ( 20 ) 13 4.5 ( 10% )
International Fertilizer, p.24-28,455,BC Insight,London (2013)Controlled-Release Fertilizers Market,www.markets and markets.com
2013 2014 2015 2020 1,153.8 1,222.5 1,302.5 1,789.8 6.6% 591.5 623.3 658.9 878.8 5.9% 309.1 325.7 344.2 454.4 5.7%
186.0 193.0 200.7 244.1 4.0% 2,240.4 2,364.6 2,506.3 3,367.1 6.1%
2013 2014 2015 2020 164.6 174.0 184.0 243.9 5.8%
238.8 252.8 268.6 364.4 6.3% - 988.9 1,054.1 1,130.0 1,604.6 7.3%
46.8 49.7 53.1 74.2 6.9% 1,439.0 1,530.6 1,635.7 2,287.1 6.9%
2013 2014 2015 2020 722.8 766.9 815.2 1,106.5 6.3% 116 121.6 128.2 167.1 5.4% 64.6 68.2 72.3 96.8 6.0%
132.6 140.8 150.6 210.7 7.0% 163.2 173.8 185.8 260.0 7.0% 71.3 75.9 81.1 112.7 6.8%
121.3 127.3 134.5 177.1 5.7% 1,391.8 1,474.5 1,567.7 2,130.9
V.S.
S55)LP
25 80%
PE EVA100 0 130090 10 41080 20 33070 30 26065 35 18760 40 13550 50 98
PE:EVA
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0123456789
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
(kg/
10a)
(kg/
10a)
( )
; (2011))
®®®
H2 (1990)
H12 (2000)
H22 (2010)
H27 (2015)
( ha) 398 380 368 34520ha 65 79 119 12920ha 333 301 249 216
20ha (%) 16 21 32 37
8 20ha 37
5272 (2000)→2 800 (2016)( 4 ) 4 9369 ( )→10 4269 (2015)( 2 )
2015 1 430 ( 36%) 20ha
,27
( 2004 )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( 001)
. .
008
009
010
007
006
005
004
003
002
001
000000000033
0022
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