© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013 Prof. Hagit Messer-Yaron President, OUI [email protected] Budapest, April 15, 2013

© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013

Prof. Hagit Messer-Yaron

President, OUI

[email protected]

Budapest, April 15, 2013


Universities at the 21Universities at the 21stst century century“Intellectual and “Intellectual and EconomicEconomic Engines” Engines”

––Calls for Academia-Industry Calls for Academia-Industry

Partnership Partnership


University vs. Industry- University vs. Industry- Contrasting Cultures:Contrasting Cultures:

University Social responsibilities Basic, curiosity driven

research Create new knowledge Freedom of research Publications & collaborations Sharing of material Open, global community and

sharing of research results

Corporate Shareholders responsibilities Applied research Develop new products Specific objectives, product

focused Ownership and secrecy Control of material Aiming to global market


The Death ValleyThe Death Valley

Academia

Science

"Valley Death"

Products

Industry


Bridging over the “Death Valley” – Bridging over the “Death Valley” – HOW?HOW?

Modern relations between universities and industries:New venture formation/Spin-offsR&D agreementsLicensing deals

Traditional:Teaching and students

practiceIndividual entrepreneurship


Industry, university, governmentIndustry, university, government

industry

universityknowledge

knowledge

money

money

Researchers (people!),Faculties,

Administration,etc.

EntrepreneursVCs

ProductionsMarketing

ManagementStocks holders

etc.

Technology/knowledgeTransfer

Government


The Role of GovernmentsThe Role of Governments1. Financial support for academic, basic

research. Public support is essential for academic freedom.

2. Intervention programs for “bridging the gap”.

3. Legal infrastructure: intellectual property rights (IPR) laws, Taxations, innovation law, etc.

IPR


Lessons from IL experience –How to maintain top level ScienceSciencetogether with

successful High-Tech Industry?


R&D statistics (1)R&D statistics (1)The expenditure on civilian research and development (R&D) in

Israel over almost 20 years, 1992-2011:

Source: ISRAEL CBS

1. National Expenditure on Civilian R&D, at 2005 Prices1995-2011

02468

10121416182022242628303234

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

*201

0

*201

1

N

IS B

illion

*Provisional Data


R&D statistics (2)R&D statistics (2)The expenditure on civilian research and development (R&D) as a

percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP) - 2009:

Source: ISRAEL CBS


R&D statistics (3)R&D statistics (3)The expenditure on civilian research and development (R&D)

per capita - 2009:

Source: ISRAEL CBS


Israel: Recent Nobel LaureatesDan Shechtman ,Chemistry, 2011 -

TechnionAda E. Yonath, Chemistry, 2009 -

Wiezmann Inst.Robert Aumann, Economics, 2005 - HUJIAaron Ciechanover, Chemistry, 2004 -

TechnionAvram Hershko, Chemistry, 2004 -

TechnionDaniel Kahneman, Economics, 2002 -

HUJI


Higher Education in Israel -Higher Education in Israel -Expanding systemExpanding system

1989/90: 21 HEI (8 universities + 13 colleagues), 88,800 students.

2010/11: 67 HEI, (8 universities + 36 academic colleagues, 23 pedagogical colleagues) 297,800 students.

All HEIs are independent legal entities; All but NBC are heavily supported by the government.


The 7+1 universities:The 7+1 universities:

•The TechnionThe Technion•The Hebrew University in JerusalemThe Hebrew University in Jerusalem•Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv University•Bar Ilan UniversityBar Ilan University•Ben Gurion University in the NegevBen Gurion University in the Negev•Haifa UniversityHaifa University•The Weizmann InstituteThe Weizmann Institute

•The Open UniversityThe Open University


University vs. ColleagueUniversity vs. Colleague

Teaching:

Undergrad

Teaching & research:

Faculty,

Graduate students

Research:

Grants,

TT ,

Facilities,

Inst.

PRO HEI


All Israeli research universities are All Israeli research universities are in the top 500 of the Shanghai listin the top 500 of the Shanghai list


In Israel:In Israel:Government’s involvement mainly by intervention

programs.Each university decides on its own policy and

regulations independently. However, they share common principles.

Each university has its own TTC.TTCs are for-profit companies, own by the universities.TTCs are handling universities IP and are responsible

for commercialization, following the university’s policy.


IP legislation (and more) in IsraelIP legislation (and more) in IsraelThe patent law (1967) defines “service invention” as one which

has been invented by an employee as a result of his/her service to the employer.

The law doesn’t cover many aspects of academic life, as: students, visitors, sabbaticals, retired stuff, etc.

Thus, universities had to regulate it internally.No legislation w.r.to industrial R&D projects done in

universities. It is up to the parties to agree on the conditions.In general, government doesn’t claim ownership of publicly

sponsored research.



The rules – main common principles:The rules – main common principles: Researchers must disclose to the university any research of

commercial potential. Universities own the IP of “institute inventions” (service

invention). Institute inventions are discoveries of employees and others,

related to the university. Institute inventions are commercialized solely by the TTC. Commercialization revenues are shared by the inventors (40-

50%; 50-60%) and the university. If the TTC chooses not to file for patent, the inventors can do

it at their own expense.


Weizmann Institute Yeda 1959

Hebrew University Yissum 1964

Tel Aviv University Ramot 1973

1980’s 1990’s 1998

TTCs in Israel


Tech. Transfer Company (TTC) mission

Identify research results with commercial potential.

Actively seek interested commercial entities and sign licensing agreements or establish spin-off companies.

Collect royalties.

File for patents and other propriety rights.


The technology transfer process The technology transfer process at TAUat TAU

Revenues40-20-40

IDF

Discovery &Innovation

EvaluationPatenting & Marketing Strategy

Business Development

Follow Upon Contract

Academic Basic and Applied Research

“Bridging the Gap” Sponsored Research

publications

To inventors


Approximately 400 new patent applications were filed each year each year in Israel and abroad by the TTCs(approximately 94% of total applications filed abroad).

Commercialization of TTCs focus almost exclusively on inventions.

Most of the revenues from sales of intellectual property (IP) and gross royalties received in 2009 came from Life Sciences and Medicine (approximately 92%).

All the TTCs have affirmed that the main means of protecting IP is applying for a patent.

Commercialization of Knowhow- Commercialization of Knowhow- Survey of technology transfer and IP Survey of technology transfer and IP

companies 2008-2009 companies 2008-2009


Since their establishment, TTCs have been involved in the establishment of 151 startup companies151 startup companies, of which 44 startup companies are non-operational.

In 2008-2009, approximately 1,0001,000 IP invention disclosure reports were submitted by the researchers of various universities for examination by the TTCs; of those, the companies decided to protect approximately 700.

Most commercialization

done by the TTCs is to Israeli

companies. Patent distribution by field:

Commercialization of Knowhow- Commercialization of Knowhow- Survey of technology transfer and IP Survey of technology transfer and IP

companies 2008-2009 (cont.)companies 2008-2009 (cont.)

Diagram 1. New Patent Applications by Fields

193

96

32

65

10

157

86

42

76

22

0

50

100

150

200

250

Life Sciences(including Medicine)

EngineeringMathematics andComputer Sciences

Natural andPhysical Sciences

Other

2008 2009


International ComparisonInternational Comparison

Israel is internationally leading in ID, patents and revenues per researcher (about 200K200K euro commercialization income per a university researcher)

Country Israel Canada Australia

USA UK

Years 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 # of ID received - 992 1,613 - 1,300 1,409 17,694 18,163 3,800 3,900 # of invention disclosures for 1000 university researchers

- 110 25.9 - 21.2 - - - 23.2 23.1

# of new patent app.

395 384 755 - 1,274 1,253 11,197 11,260 2,097 2,012

# of new patent applications for 1000 university researchers

43.2 42.7 12.1 - 20.8 - - - 12.8 11.9

# of patents granted

- - 346 - 595 600 2,933 3,088 653 827

Revenues from commercialization million euro

314 367 38 - 50 43 1,712 1,279 155 99


How does it work? The (best) case How does it work? The (best) case of the Weizmann Instituteof the Weizmann Institute

© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013Responsible technology transferResponsible technology transfer




Lipimix | Tubilux Lipimix | Tubilux

Exelon® | NovartisExelon® | Novartis

Doxil ® | J&J Doxil ® | J&J

Cherry Tomatoes | BonTomCherry Tomatoes | BonTom

Periochip | DexcelPeriochip | Dexcel

Selected TT Success Stories: Yeda, Yissum & Ramot (2009)

Selected TT Success Stories: Yeda, Yissum & Ramot (2009)

QuantomiXTM | QX Capsule QuantomiXTM | QX Capsule

Copaxone® | TevaCopaxone® | Teva

Rebif ® | Merck Serono Rebif ® | Merck Serono

Encryption Algorithm | NDSEncryption Algorithm | NDS

GeneCardsTM | XenneXGeneCardsTM | XenneX

NanoLubTM | NanomaterialsNanoLubTM | Nanomaterials

Dunaliella | Nikken Sohonsha Dunaliella | Nikken Sohonsha

ErbituxTM | ImCloneErbituxTM | ImClone

Total sale of Weizmann based products €6 Bilion/year


Univ. of California system 297Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft 182CNRS 146MIT 131

Univ. of Texas 96California Inst. Tech. 84Johns Hopkins 76Univ. of Michigan 74Columbia Univ. 68Riken 67Univ. of Florida 67Hebrew Univ. 56Weizmann Institute 54Stanford 54

Academic institutions with more than 50 PCTs/year (2004)


Government’s involvement in Government’s involvement in university-industry relations university-industry relations

Under the responsibility of the office of the Chief Scientist at the ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor (OCS).

Different intervention programs for university-LOCAL industry collaboration.

Restrictions on internationalization of knowledge created under these programs.


Intervention Programs Intervention Programs

KAMIN100%

90%

60%

60%


Summary Summary Most Israeli Universities had Technology Transfer

policy and programs before the BDA of 1980.The government has not been involved in the

universities TT policy and/or implementation.IL TT policy is (was) VERY successful, with top

universities leading both in academic achievements (e.g., the Shanghai ranking) and in TT revenues.

The key for success is a RESPONSIBLE RESPONSIBLE technology technology transfertransfer policy and implementation.


Special THANKS to Amir Naiberg,Amir Naiberg, CEO of Yeda,

author of: http://www.yedarnd.com/images/pics/UserImages/24h.pdf

[email protected]

Documents

© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013 Prof. Hagit Messer-Yaron President, OUI [email protected] Budapest, April 15, 2013