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Hollow Waveguides光電 100 F84966119 侯昕華

Outline

Introduction

Basis of Hollow Waveguides

Structures of Hollow Waveguides Metal-Tube Waveguides Plastic-Tube

waveguides Hollow Glass

Waveguides Hollow Waveguides

with ODR

Applications

References

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IntroductionHollow Waveguides

Intro

ductio

nThe principle of total internal reflection, which operates in water stream, can be used for bringing the light to proper destination by a glass tube.

On this basis the light can be delivered by a fiber or by a hollow waveguide.

For the visible and low power level optical the fibers are a good solution for the delivery system.

Intro

ductio

nThe transmission of light through an ordinary glass fiber is limited by the spectral transmission of glass. It is not transparent in the UV region and in the infrared region.

The maximum energy transmitted through the fiber is determined by the air breakdown and by the damage threshold of the fiber front surface and the bulk.

And such waveguide structures suffer the fundamental limitations associated with light propagation through solids, such as dispersion, absorption, scattering and nonlinear effects.

Intro

ductio

nA possible solution can be the fiber having its core formed by the air, i.e., hollow waveguides.

By using highly reflective walls in a hollow core, the light can be constrained to form a waveguide.

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Basis ofHollow Waveguides

Hollow Waveguides

Basis o

f Hollo

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Waveguid

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According to the effective index of refraction coefficient value the hollow waveguides can be grouped into two categories:1. “Leaky” waveguides whose wall

materials have refractive indices greater than one (n wall>1).

2. “Attenuated total reflectance ” (ATR) waveguides whose wall is composed of dielectric materials with refractive indices less than one in the wavelength region of interest (n wall<1).

Basis o

f Hollo

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Waveguid

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The basis of hollow waveguides is a tube, which can be made of plastic, metal, special or ordinary glass or crystal.

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Structures ofHollow Waveguides

Hollow Waveguides

Stru

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Waveg

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Metal-Tube Waveguides

Stru

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Waveg

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Plastic-Tube Waveguides

Stru

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Waveg

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Hollow Glass Waveguides

Stru

cture

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Hollow Waveguides with Omni-Directional Reflector

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ApplicationsHollow Waveguides

App

licatio

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Applications of hollow waveguides fall into two broad categories: laser power delivery and fiber sensors.

The use of hollow glass or metallic waveguides to deliver laser power has largely been relegated to laser surgery where the required power is less than 100 W.

App

licatio

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As sensors, hollow waveguides are generally used either to transmit blackbody radiation for temperature measurements or as an active or passive link for chemical sensing.

The hollow waveguides may be used merely as a passive fiber link from the chemical processing area to a remote detector, or they may play a more active role in which the guide is filled with the gas to be sensed.

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ReferencesHollow Waveguides

Refe

rence

sHelena, J., Michal, N., Jan, S., Pavel, C., Mitsunobu, M., Yi-Wei, S., et al. (2004). Hollow waveguide delivery systems for laser technological application. Progress in Quantum Electronics , 28, 145-164.Hollow Waveguides - IR Fiber Review. (n.d.). From Specialty Fiber Optics: irfibers.rutgers.edu/ir_rev_hgw.htmlJames, H. A. (2000). A Review of IR Transmitting, Hollow Waveguides. Fiber and Integrated Optics , 211-227.Mihai, I., Steven, J. G., Marin, S., J. D., J., Yoel, F., Ori, W., et al. (2003). Analysis of mode structure in hollow dielectric waveguide fibers. PHYSICAL REVIEW E , 67, 046608-1-046608-8.Shih-Shou, L., Chii-Chang, C., Shih-Chieh, H., & Cheng-Yi, L. (2006). Fabricating a Hollow Optical Waveguide for Optical Communication Applications. JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS , 15 (3), 584-587.Shih-Shou, L., Mou-Sian, W., & Chii-Chang, C. (2004). Semiconductor hollow optical waveguides formed by omni-directional reflectors. OPTICS EXPRESS , 12, 6589-6593.Total internal reflection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2010). Retrieved from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_reflectionWaveguide (electromagnetism) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2010). Retrieved from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveguide_(electromagnetism)

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