© ICU 전파교육연구센터 2003 1 성균관대학교정보통신공학부 조준동 교수 SDR (Software Defined Radio) 개요

© ICU 2003전파교육연구센터© ICU 2003전파교육연구센터1

성균관대학교 성균관대학교 정보통신공학부정보통신공학부

조준동 교수조준동 교수

SDR SDR (( Software Defined RadioSoftware Defined Radio))

개요개요


목차목차

• IntroductionIntroduction• System ArchitectureSystem Architecture• Software AlgorithmSoftware Algorithm• Radio FrequencyRadio Frequency• Reconfigurable ArchitectureReconfigurable Architecture• Low Power DesignLow Power Design


Device Mobility Continues to Device Mobility Continues to RiseRise

Kodak Portable MC3

Palm PDA

with GPS Receiver

Nokia Communicator


Future Mobile FunctionalityFuture Mobile Functionality

Purchase tickets (E-commerce)Purchase tickets (E-commerce)

Guide you in the city (GPS, …)Guide you in the city (GPS, …)

Give local information on a point of interest Give local information on a point of interest (Bluetooth, WLAN)(Bluetooth, WLAN)

Sound, video, animationSound, video, animation

User determines the amount of details using his User determines the amount of details using his preferencespreferences

Receive e-mail, phone calls, voice-mail (GSM, UMTS)Receive e-mail, phone calls, voice-mail (GSM, UMTS)

Make reservations for your dinner (WAP)Make reservations for your dinner (WAP)

Take pictures / video clips (Microdrive)Take pictures / video clips (Microdrive)

Listening to music (MP3)Listening to music (MP3)

Store your power-point presentation (files)Store your power-point presentation (files)


Gilder’s versus Moore’s Gilder’s versus Moore’s lawlaw

97 9 9 01 03 05 07

Log

Gro

wth

Processor PerformanceW

AN/MAN B

andw

idth

100

10,000

1M

2x/3-6 months

2x/18 months

1000 x

Greg Papadopoulos, Sun Microsystems


Future trends of mobile Future trends of mobile communicationscommunications

Mobility

vehicle

pedestrian

static

GSM

3G cellular

WirelessLAN

4G cellular

IntelligentTransportSystems

Millimeter-waveLAN

HAPS

Data rate

10k 2M 50M 156M 622M

Advancedwirelessaccess

2G 3G 4G 5G

2000 2010 2020

High data rateHigh mobilitySystem roamingSeamless connections tobroadband networks


Commercial Cellular/PCSCommercial Cellular/PCS

Time

2G: Digital voice, messaging & data servicesFixed wireless loop, wireless LAN servicesDigital cellular & PCSMacro, micro & pico cells

Cap

abil

ity

En

han

cem

ents

by

Gen

erat

ion

1980 1990 2000 2010

1G

2G

3G

4G

2020

1G: Mobile telephoneAnalog technologyMacro cells

4G: Very high bit rate 20~50Mbps (or 100Mbps)Multimedia enhancementsFrequency band: 2.2GHz, 5GHz, 7GHz요구 BER : VOICE (1e-6), DATA (1e-9)2004~2008 년쯤 4G 용 주파수 배정2007~2010 년 사이 서비스가 시작

Software Defined Radio Opportunity

SDR ForumSDR Forum

3G: Greatly enhanced data communications services Narrowband and wideband multimedia servicesHigher spectrum for wideband applicationsMacro, micro & pico cells


Information Technology Information Technology evolutionevolution

• Before 80 : Middle Age, Computing Sc. belongs to fiefs (IBM, …), no networkBefore 80 : Middle Age, Computing Sc. belongs to fiefs (IBM, …), no network• All proprietary, no flow : All is parchment or proprietary spreadsheetAll proprietary, no flow : All is parchment or proprietary spreadsheet

• 80s : All is transparent for a computer scientist80s : All is transparent for a computer scientist• All is fileAll is file : UNIX (/dev/null, /dev/lpr, ...) : UNIX (/dev/null, /dev/lpr, ...)• a file is a set of characters which can be manipulated by a file is a set of characters which can be manipulated by C languageC language

• 85s : All is readable on a desk (or a 85s : All is readable on a desk (or a PCPC) for anybody) for anybody• All is documentAll is document (no more interoperability & transparency) (no more interoperability & transparency)

• 95s: All is an available object on the 95s: All is an available object on the networknetwork for communication for communication• All is document, readable everywhere (All is document, readable everywhere (HTML pageHTML page) or executable ) or executable

everywhere (Java)everywhere (Java)• Privilege to information access : kiosk, serverPrivilege to information access : kiosk, server

• 00s : All is a digital, fluid & live stream distributed over networks00s : All is a digital, fluid & live stream distributed over networks• Nomadic user, virtual presence (user or sw/content move), Virtual Machine Nomadic user, virtual presence (user or sw/content move), Virtual Machine

& JavaBeans& JavaBeans• Ubiquitous IT (networked planet grid) & Mobile computing infrastructure Ubiquitous IT (networked planet grid) & Mobile computing infrastructure

(Xeo satellites)(Xeo satellites)• 05s : 05s : All is programAll is program, alive on ad hoc networks, alive on ad hoc networks

• An entity on the network is a Java An entity on the network is a Java ProgramProgram (Jini Concept) (Jini Concept)• Intentional architectureIntentional architecture


Infrastructure of Information Infrastructure of Information SystemSystem

DistributedMultimedia

Data

Multimedia HyperdocumentMultimedia Hyperdocument

Infrastructure with QoS, mobility & securityInfrastructure with QoS, mobility & security

New Services & Usagebiometric AuthenticationAdaptive & multi-modalHuman InterfaceSpeech recognitionAdaptability & customizationof applications accordingterminal configuration &end-user’s services

New Services & Usagebiometric AuthenticationAdaptive & multi-modalHuman InterfaceSpeech recognitionAdaptability & customizationof applications accordingterminal configuration &end-user’s services

Mobile TerminalsNetwork Computers

Mobile TerminalsNetwork Computers

New ServicesIntelligent Routers & SwitchersConfigurabilityActive & Ad hocNetworks

New ServicesIntelligent Routers & SwitchersConfigurabilityActive & Ad hocNetworks

Interface : XMLProtocol: IP

New ServicesIndexation by contentProtection of digital ObjectsNavigation, Search engineinformation filtering

New ServicesIndexation by contentProtection of digital ObjectsNavigation, Search engineinformation filtering

Mobile/fix, wired/wireless

Extra/Inter/Intranet


4G Mobile Communication 4G Mobile Communication System System

IP Back bone/Internet4G Network

PSTNISDN

Macro-Cell

Indoor Cordless

WPN • 1-155Mbps • 2.4,5,60 GHz band• Fixed/ Slow Mobility• Small Private Area

4G Mobile• Over 2-10Mbps• 2-10 GHz Band• Vehicular Environments• Medium Area

ITS SDR/Multi-modeSDR/Multi-modeTerminalTerminal

BWA• 20-155Mbps • 3,40 GHz band• Fixed User• Metropolitan Area

Micro-Cell

DigitalBroadcastingCell


Future System Future System 요구사항요구사항Small user interface: pen, voice, gestureSmall user interface: pen, voice, gesture

Many standards Many standards

Real-time processingReal-time processing

Long execution timeLong execution time

Work in a dynamic environmentWork in a dynamic environment

Quality changes from place to placeQuality changes from place to place

Hybrid networking: DECT, GSM, UMTS, WLAN, Hybrid networking: DECT, GSM, UMTS, WLAN, BluetoothBluetooth

Energy-efficientEnergy-efficient


ONEONE phone for many phone for many StandardsStandards

SDR forum

- Multiple standardsMultiple standards

(peaceful co-existence)(peaceful co-existence)

- Rapid increase of subscriber

(need high spectrum utilization techniques)


Wireless Data Wireless Data Standards Standards

1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2400 MHz 5200 MHz

GSM1800 UMTS 802.11 HIPERLAN/1

UMTS 802.11GSM1800 HIPERLAN/1

TX

RX

EDGE UMTSBT

802.11

HIPERLAN/1

Channel BandwidthData Rate


Two Forces Driving Two Forces Driving the Wireless Internetthe Wireless Internet

The cellular industryThe cellular industry• Wide area coverage.Wide area coverage.• Global roaming.Global roaming.• Mobile users at Mobile users at

vehicular speeds.vehicular speeds.• Subscription-based.Subscription-based.• Licensed bands.Licensed bands.

The wireless LAN industryThe wireless LAN industry• Local coverage.Local coverage.• No handoff or roaming.No handoff or roaming.• Fixed users.Fixed users.• Revenue through equipment Revenue through equipment

sales.sales.• Unlicensed bands.Unlicensed bands.

TheWirelessInternet


Heterogeneous wireless Heterogeneous wireless communication networkscommunication networks

by by Havinga, [email protected], [email protected]

There exist many wireless There exist many wireless communication networkscommunication networks– frequency bandsfrequency bands– requirements on mobilityrequirements on mobility– transmission speed and qualitytransmission speed and quality

• Examples:Examples:– StaticStatic: wireless LANs (802.11), : wireless LANs (802.11),

Bluetooth, Radio Local LoopBluetooth, Radio Local Loop– PedestrianPedestrian: DECT, PHS: DECT, PHS– VehicleVehicle: 2/3G cellular, pagers, broadcast : 2/3G cellular, pagers, broadcast

TV/radioTV/radio


Future wireless Future wireless communicationcommunication

• Two trends will have major Two trends will have major impactimpact– Wide proliferation of Wide proliferation of various various

wireless access networkswireless access networks• Each with their own preferred type Each with their own preferred type

of serviceof service• Different quality: data rates, latency, Different quality: data rates, latency,

mobility support, ..mobility support, ..

– Software radio technologiesSoftware radio technologies• Programmable radios, Tunable front-Programmable radios, Tunable front-

endsends


Heterogeneous Heterogeneous networks,why?networks,why?

• Due to roaming the network Due to roaming the network changed changed – e.g. from indoor wireless LAN to outdoor e.g. from indoor wireless LAN to outdoor

cellular radiocellular radio

• There is coverage from multiple There is coverage from multiple wireless networkswireless networks Possibility to select the most Possibility to select the most

appropriate network for a given appropriate network for a given application, based on for exampleapplication, based on for example• Service classificationService classification• User requested QoS parametersUser requested QoS parameters• Available network capacity (bandwidth, Available network capacity (bandwidth,

latency)latency)• Energy consumption neededEnergy consumption needed


Heterogeneous network Heterogeneous network architecturearchitecture

• GoalGoal design a design a flexibleflexible and and openopen architecture suitable architecture suitable

for a variety of for a variety of different wireless access different wireless access technologiestechnologies, for applications with , for applications with different QoS different QoS demandsdemands, and , and different protocolsdifferent protocols..

• Key requirementsKey requirements– Different access technologies (Software Defined Different access technologies (Software Defined

Radio)Radio)– Heterogeneous network support (use combination of Heterogeneous network support (use combination of

networks)networks)– Mobility management (seamless handover)Mobility management (seamless handover)– Wireless system discoveryWireless system discovery– Selection of efficient configurationSelection of efficient configuration– Simple, scalable, low costSimple, scalable, low cost– Energy efficient (always on)Energy efficient (always on)– SecureSecure– Compatible/interoperable with existing and future Compatible/interoperable with existing and future

workwork– Quality of Service support (end-to-end, and local Quality of Service support (end-to-end, and local

applicable)applicable)


Evolution of the Cell Evolution of the Cell PhonePhone

• Two co-existent 3-G cellular standards:Two co-existent 3-G cellular standards:– Wideband CDMAWideband CDMA

• Also called UMTS, UTRA, IMT-2000.Also called UMTS, UTRA, IMT-2000.• Standardized by 3GPP.Standardized by 3GPP.• Evolution of the GSM backbone.Evolution of the GSM backbone.

– cdma2000cdma2000• Standardized by 3GPP2.Standardized by 3GPP2.• Evolved from IS-95 CDMA (cdmaONE).Evolved from IS-95 CDMA (cdmaONE).

• Common traits:Common traits:– 2 GHz PCS band (licensed).2 GHz PCS band (licensed).– Variable asymmetric data rates for Variable asymmetric data rates for

multimedia:multimedia:• ~144 kbps to vehicles.~144 kbps to vehicles.• ~ 2 Mbps to fixed locations near base station.~ 2 Mbps to fixed locations near base station.

– Software-defined-radio (SDR) Software-defined-radio (SDR) implementation.implementation.


Standardization of Standardization of Wireless NetworksWireless Networks

• Wireless networks are standardized by IEEE.Wireless networks are standardized by IEEE.• Under 802 LAN MAN standards committee.Under 802 LAN MAN standards committee.

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetwork

Data Link

Physical

ISOOSI7-layermodel

Logical Link Control

Medium Access (MAC)

Physical (PHY)

IEEE 802standards


IEEE 802.11 Wireless IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANsLANs

• Key features of MAC:Key features of MAC:– Infrastructure or ad-hoc network.Infrastructure or ad-hoc network.– Coordinated (PCF) or distributed (DCF) operation.Coordinated (PCF) or distributed (DCF) operation.

• DCF uses CSMA/CA.DCF uses CSMA/CA.• PHY defines data rate and operating band:PHY defines data rate and operating band:

– Infrared at 1 or 2 Mbps.Infrared at 1 or 2 Mbps.– RF at 1 or 2 Mbps in using FH or DS 2.4 GHZ ISM RF at 1 or 2 Mbps in using FH or DS 2.4 GHZ ISM

band.band.– 802.11b amendment 802.11b amendment

• 5.5 or 11 Mbps using DS and CCK in 2.4 GHz 5.5 or 11 Mbps using DS and CCK in 2.4 GHz band.band.

– 802.11a amendment802.11a amendment• 6-54 Mbps using COFDM in 5-6 GHz U-NII band.6-54 Mbps using COFDM in 5-6 GHz U-NII band.

• IEEE 802.11 can also be used for broadband access.IEEE 802.11 can also be used for broadband access.


IEEE 802.16 Wireless IEEE 802.16 Wireless MANMAN

• Working group on broadband wireless accessWorking group on broadband wireless access– Focus on providing access to small/medium Focus on providing access to small/medium

business and residential opportunities.business and residential opportunities.– Early stages of development.Early stages of development.

• Task 1Task 1– PHY for the 10-66 GHz licensed bands.PHY for the 10-66 GHz licensed bands.– LMDS band: 500 Mbps in 28-31 GHz band.LMDS band: 500 Mbps in 28-31 GHz band.

• Task 2Task 2– Coexistence of fixed broadband wireless.Coexistence of fixed broadband wireless.

• Task 3Task 3– PHY & MAC for 2-11 GHz MMDS licensed bands.PHY & MAC for 2-11 GHz MMDS licensed bands.

• Task 4Task 4– Fixed broadband version of 802.11a.Fixed broadband version of 802.11a.


BluetoothBluetooth• Bluetooth SIG formed in 1998 by Ericsson, Nokia, Bluetooth SIG formed in 1998 by Ericsson, Nokia,

IBM, Toshiba, and Intel.IBM, Toshiba, and Intel.• Design goals:Design goals:

– Inexpensive: $5 single chip solution.Inexpensive: $5 single chip solution.– Short range: 10 m or less.Short range: 10 m or less.– Low data rate: < 720 kbps.Low data rate: < 720 kbps.– Peer-to-peer and ad-hoc networking.Peer-to-peer and ad-hoc networking.– Data (ACL) and voice (SCO) support.Data (ACL) and voice (SCO) support.

• Technology:Technology:– 2.4 GHz ISM band.2.4 GHz ISM band.– 79 channels of 1 MHz each.79 channels of 1 MHz each.– Frequency Hopping at 1600 hops/sec.Frequency Hopping at 1600 hops/sec.– Nonorthogonal binary GFSK modulation.Nonorthogonal binary GFSK modulation.


Bluetooth ProfilesBluetooth Profiles

• Hands-free headset.Hands-free headset.• Cordless telephone.Cordless telephone.• Synchronization of PDA, cell phone, Synchronization of PDA, cell phone,

computer.computer.• Serial port emulation.Serial port emulation.• Wearable computing.Wearable computing.• Wireless LAN access.Wireless LAN access.• Ad-hoc network.Ad-hoc network.• Peripherals: Printer, scanner, fax Peripherals: Printer, scanner, fax

machine.machine.


IEEE 802.15 Wireless IEEE 802.15 Wireless PANPAN

• Standardization began in 1997 under the Ad Hoc Standardization began in 1997 under the Ad Hoc Wearables Standards Committee.Wearables Standards Committee.

• Same goals and constraints as Bluetooth:Same goals and constraints as Bluetooth:– 2.4 GHz band, 10 m. range, inexpensive.2.4 GHz band, 10 m. range, inexpensive.

• Task 1Task 1– Standard almost identical to Bluetooth.Standard almost identical to Bluetooth.

• Task 2Task 2– Coexistence of wireless LANs and PANs.Coexistence of wireless LANs and PANs.

• Task 3Task 3– 20 Mbps High-rate PAN similar to Bluetooth 2.20 Mbps High-rate PAN similar to Bluetooth 2.

• Task 4Task 4– Low rate 2-200 kbps PAN with extremely low Low rate 2-200 kbps PAN with extremely low

power consumption for perpetual sensors.power consumption for perpetual sensors.


W-LAN (MS) PHY LayerW-LAN (MS) PHY LayerParameter GSM 2G Cell W-CDMA 3G Cell W-CTDMA 3G IEEE 802.11 WLAN Bluetooth HomeRF

Operating Frequency

890-915 MHz (RX) 935-960 MHz (TX)

2110 - 2170 (RX) 1920 - 1980 (TX)

2110 - 2170 (RX) 1920 - 1980 (TX)

2400 - 2483.5 MHz ISM

2400 - 2483.5 MHz ISM

2400 - 2483.5 MHz ISM

Spread Spectrum Method

TDMA/FDMA/FDD CDMA/FDD CDMA/TDD FHSS None or FHSS FHSS, TDMA or CSMA/CA

Data Rate 9.6 - 64 kbps 32 kbps -384 kbps 256 kbps -4 Mbps 1 Mbps 2 Mbps

0.7 Mbps 2 Mbps (future)

1 Mbps 2 Mbps

Modulation Method (Index)

GMSK (BT=0.3) QPSK data modulation on up and dow n; Spreading is QPSK on up and BPSK on dow n.

QPSK data modulation on up and dow n; Spreading is QPSK. SF = 2-16

2-FSK (0.32) 4-FSK (0.16, optional)

2-FSK (0.32) TBD (TBD)

2-FSK 4-FSK (required)

Hop Rate opt, 21.66 Hz (1/4.615 ms)

na na 2.5 Hz 0 / 1600 Hz (max) 50 Hz

Channel Switching Time

na 224 msec 220 msec 300 msec

Rx/Tx Turnaround Time

half duplex full duplex half duplex 19 msec 220 msec 25 microsec

Antenna Diversity na Optional Optional Optional Not Required

Tx RF Power <1W 1.6W (384 kbps), 0.8W (128 kbps)

0.2W (2 Mbps), 0.1W (0.5 Mbps)

<1W (US) 100 mW (Europe & Japan)

0.001 / 0.100 W 0.1 W (N. America)

Rx Sensitivity -110 dBm -80 dBm @ 1 Mbps -75 dBm @ 2 Mbps

-70 dBm @ 1 Mbps -76 dBm @ 1 Mbps

Tx Stability +/- 9 Hz +/- 2 kHz +/- 2 kHz +/- 60 kHz ?Tx Spectrum Shape

-30 dBc, 1st Adj Ch -60 dBc, 2nd Adj Ch



-40 dBc, 2nd Adj Ch -60 dBc, 3rd Adj Ch

?

Hop Seqnce, # Ch. random, <124 na na random, 80 random, 79 or 23 random, 79 or 23

Power Consumption Standby / Max

2 ma RX Avg 120 ma TX Avg

fd fd 0.3 - 30 ma @ 5 vDC


Wide Frequency bandsWide Frequency bands

SystemSystem Frequency bandsFrequency bands

CellularCellular PDCPDC

CDMA oneCDMA one

PHSPHS

800 800 MHzMHz

1.5 GHz1.5 GHz

1.9 GHz1.9 GHz

Wireless LANWireless LAN IEEE802.11IEEE802.11

MMACMMAC

AltairAltair

2.4 2.4 GHzGHz

5.15 ~ 5.25 GHz5.15 ~ 5.25 GHz

19 GHz19 GHz

PagerPager NTTNTT

POCSAGPOCSAG 250 250 MHzMHz

Cordless phoneCordless phone AnalogAnalog 250/400 250/400 MHzMHz

SDRSDR 의 목적의 목적 : : SWSW 를 사용를 사용 ,, 유연한 무선 시스템유연한 무선 시스템(( 다중서비스다중서비스 ,, 다중밴드다중밴드 , , 다중표준다중표준 , , 재구성재구성 , , 재프로그래밍이 가능한재프로그래밍이 가능한 )) 의 구축의 구축


New Digital Broadcasting New Digital Broadcasting Technologies EuropeTechnologies Europe

• DAB, Digital Audio BroadcastingDAB, Digital Audio Broadcasting• Designed as a follower of FM stereo systemDesigned as a follower of FM stereo system• DQPSK/OFDM, 2k DFTDQPSK/OFDM, 2k DFT• E.g., 6 high-quality stereo channels in 1.5 MHz BWE.g., 6 high-quality stereo channels in 1.5 MHz BW• Data servicesData services• Designed for mobile receptionDesigned for mobile reception• DVB-T, Terrestrial digital TV transmission systemDVB-T, Terrestrial digital TV transmission system• 64-QAM/OFDM, 8k DFT64-QAM/OFDM, 8k DFT• E.g., 4 normal quality TV channels (MPEG2) in place of a single E.g., 4 normal quality TV channels (MPEG2) in place of a single

analog channel of 7 or 8 MHzanalog channel of 7 or 8 MHz• stationary & portable reception, mobile reception under studystationary & portable reception, mobile reception under study• DVB-S, Digital satellite TV transmission systemDVB-S, Digital satellite TV transmission system• QPSKQPSK• much commonality with DVB-T in source and channel codingmuch commonality with DVB-T in source and channel coding• DVB-C, Digital Cable TV transmission systemDVB-C, Digital Cable TV transmission system• 64-QAM 64-QAM • much commonality with DVB-T and DVB-S in source and channel much commonality with DVB-T and DVB-S in source and channel

codingcoding


SDR : AbstractSDR : Abstract• All functions, modes, and applications can be All functions, modes, and applications can be

reconfigured by software.reconfigured by software.– Flexibility to handle a variety of multimedia Flexibility to handle a variety of multimedia

services and standards.services and standards.– Adaptability to accommodate environment, Adaptability to accommodate environment,

required level of security, and available required level of security, and available resources.resources.

– Automatically set its parameters of operation Automatically set its parameters of operation on the basis of cost efficiency or requested on the basis of cost efficiency or requested QoSQoS

• Radio equipment reconfigured by downloadable Radio equipment reconfigured by downloadable software, at any layer of the protocol stack.software, at any layer of the protocol stack.– New capability can be added without New capability can be added without

hardware changeshardware changes• flexible/ reconfigurable hardware platforms flexible/ reconfigurable hardware platforms

– Configurable-ASIC, DSPConfigurable-ASIC, DSP, , MCU, FPGAMCU, FPGA


SDR Forum SDR Forum

- 19961996 년 년 MMITS (Modular Multifunction MMITS (Modular Multifunction Information Transfer Systems) ForumInformation Transfer Systems) Forum 으로 출발 으로 출발

- Motorola, Lucent, Harris, Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, Lucent, Harris, Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens, Alcatel, Orange, Panasonic, Sony, Siemens, Alcatel, Orange, Panasonic, Sony, 게이오 대학게이오 대학 , , 삼성전자삼성전자 , LG, LG 전자 및 전자 및 ETRI ETRI 등과 같은 등과 같은 전세계 유수의 이동 통신 관련 업체전세계 유수의 이동 통신 관련 업체 , , 연구기관연구기관 , , 학교 학교 등이 회원으로 참여 등이 회원으로 참여

- 산업체로 하여금 산업체로 하여금 SDRSDR 은 구현 가능한 기술적인 은 구현 가능한 기술적인 개념이라는 점을 인식 개념이라는 점을 인식

- 상용 및 군용 통신 분야의 중요한 문제를 해결하는데 상용 및 군용 통신 분야의 중요한 문제를 해결하는데 SDR SDR 기술의 잠재력을 인식 기술의 잠재력을 인식

- SDR SDR 기술 및 시장 잠재성에 대한 가시적인 분석 기술 및 시장 잠재성에 대한 가시적인 분석 자료를 제공 자료를 제공


SDR Forum SDR Forum 조직도조직도


S/WS/W 로 정의되는 로 정의되는 SDR SDR 기능 기능


Hardware in software-defined Hardware in software-defined radio terminalradio terminal

-analog stage contains amplifiers, mixers, synthesizers, ADCs( analog-to-digital converters), DACs( digital-to-analog converters)-With different RF specification such as carrier frequency, bandwidth, modulation scheme, and transmission power

-digital stage contains FPGAs, DSPs, CPU, ASICs, and I/O interfaces functions such as digital up/down converters, digital filters, and modems.

- ASIC : digital filtering, frequency mixing, signal generation

- FPGAS (DSPs) : channel codec, speech codec

(It’s reconfigured by replacing program.)


Softwares in Softwares in software-defined radio terminalsoftware-defined radio terminal

-Basic programs : radio function libraries : the sets

that express basic radio functions (contain filter

programs for FPGA, modem programs for DSP, or the

hardware control commands)

- OS and device driver : The OS is run to control

overall operation of system. The device drivers

are programs for each hardware control such as

amplifier, a synthesizer, ADC and a DSP.

- Application program : .

This program prepared for a specific radio standard, such as GSM, IS-95, or IMT-2000.


SDR BenefitSDR Benefit• Potential for significant life-cycle cost Potential for significant life-cycle cost

reductionsreductions• Uniform communication across Uniform communication across

commercial, civil, federal and military commercial, civil, federal and military organizations organizations

• Over the air downloads of new features Over the air downloads of new features and services as well as software patchesand services as well as software patches

• Debug is impossible for mobile terminals Debug is impossible for mobile terminals after they are sold. after they are sold.

• PCPC 와 같은 와 같은 Open Modular ArchitectureOpen Modular Architecture


SDR SDR 요소기술요소기술API API 설계설계 :: 소프트웨어 모듈간 인터페이스소프트웨어 모듈간 인터페이스 , , 하드웨어 모듈간 하드웨어 모듈간

인터페이스인터페이스 , , 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 모듈간 인터페이스 표준화 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 모듈간 인터페이스 표준화 작업작업

Protocol :Protocol : GSM2Plus, CDMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2 GSM2Plus, CDMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2 와 같은 와 같은 프로토콜 중프로토콜 중 , , 공통적인 부분을 도출공통적인 부분을 도출 , , 모듈화 하고모듈화 하고 , , 나머지 나머지 부분을 부분을 software radiosoftware radio 로 지원로 지원

SDR SDR 객체 지향 객체 지향 framework :framework : Open System, IDL : Open System, IDL : interface interface 정의정의 , minimum CORBA, minimum CORBA

Software Download:Software Download: SDR SDR 장비의 동작을 고치거나 성능 장비의 동작을 고치거나 성능 향상을 위해 향상을 위해 softwaresoftware 를 를 downloaddownload

RF Module:RF Module: 다중 모드 지원을 위해 각 모드를 모두 수용하는 다중 모드 지원을 위해 각 모드를 모두 수용하는 광대역 또는 멀티 밴드의 특성 필요광대역 또는 멀티 밴드의 특성 필요 , RF , RF 소자 설계 기술소자 설계 기술 , , 안테나 기술안테나 기술 , Wideband ADC and DAC, Wideband ADC and DAC

Baseband DSP Module:Baseband DSP Module: 멀티 모드와 멀티 모드와 software software 업그레이드가 가능한 저전력업그레이드가 가능한 저전력 , , 고속 고속 DSPDSP 를 이용 구현를 이용 구현 , , 표준화된 표준화된 HW/SW interfaceHW/SW interface


SDR-processing requirements SDR-processing requirements for Mobile Communications (GSM) for Mobile Communications (GSM)

Modem w/ basic equalizerModem w/ basic equalizer2 MFLOPS for CDMA sector2 MFLOPS for CDMA sector2.5 MFLOPS for a wideband CDMA2.5 MFLOPS for a wideband CDMA4 MFLOPS for a G44 MFLOPS for a G4

Requires high performance devices s.tRequires high performance devices s.t

PowerPC G4PowerPC G4

PowerPC with Altivec CPUs PowerPC with Altivec CPUs

TMS320-C6x TMS320-C6x

SHARC/Tiger-SHARC DSPsSHARC/Tiger-SHARC DSPs


SDR SDR 기술진화 단계 및 특징 기술진화 단계 및 특징

김지연 ( ETRI SDR 연구팀 )

Digital Digital RadioRadio

SDR SDR SWRSWR

정의 정의 정의된 정의된 소자들을 사용 소자들을 사용 안테나와 안테나와 입출력장치 입출력장치 사이에 정보 사이에 정보 디지탈화디지탈화

광대역 필터와 광대역 필터와 LNA/PA, Down/upLNA/PA, Down/up converterconverter 를 를 안테나와 입출력 장치 안테나와 입출력 장치 사이에 구성하여 사이에 구성하여 디지털화디지털화

고속 고속 DSPDSP 를 를 이용하여 무선통신에 이용하여 무선통신에 필요한 모든 과정을 필요한 모든 과정을 SW SW 변경에 의하여 변경에 의하여 처리하기 위해 처리하기 위해 안테나 단에서 안테나 단에서 디지털화디지털화

특징 특징 특정 목적을 특정 목적을 위해 위해 신호처리가 신호처리가 이루어 짐이루어 짐 . . 새로운 기능 새로운 기능 추가를 위해 추가를 위해 HW HW 교체교체

유연하고 재구성가능한 유연하고 재구성가능한 DSP DSP 사용 시스템 사용 시스템 제조후 제조후 SW SW 변경에 변경에 의해 기능 변경의해 기능 변경

광대역 필터를 이용 광대역 필터를 이용 수신된 정보를 직법 수신된 정보를 직법 디지탈화 단일 디지탈화 단일 공ㄷ통 공ㄷ통 HW HW 플랫폼에 응용 플랫폼에 응용 s/ws/w의 무선 다운로드로 의 무선 다운로드로 서비스 변경서비스 변경


SDR SDR 단말기의 프로토콜 구성요소 단말기의 프로토콜 구성요소 Micro controller : Micro controller : 실시간 처리가 필요한 에러 검출코드 생성 실시간 처리가 필요한 에러 검출코드 생성

및 검출 기능 등을 하드웨어 논리를 이용하여 지원하고 이벤트가 및 검출 기능 등을 하드웨어 논리를 이용하여 지원하고 이벤트가 자주 발생하지 않는 사건은 자주 발생하지 않는 사건은 firmwarefirmware 를 이용하여 처리한다를 이용하여 처리한다 ..

RTOS : RTOS : 통신 프로토콜 소프트웨어에서 필요로 하는 기본 기능을 통신 프로토콜 소프트웨어에서 필요로 하는 기본 기능을 라이브러리로 제공하며 프로세스 상호간의 통신을 지원한다라이브러리로 제공하며 프로세스 상호간의 통신을 지원한다 ..

Protocol Stack : Protocol Stack : GSM2Plus, CDMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2, GSM2Plus, CDMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2, 옥내 옥내 통신의 무선 접속 인터페이스 프로토콜 들을 계층별로 구현하고 통신의 무선 접속 인터페이스 프로토콜 들을 계층별로 구현하고 표준인터페이스를 지원한다표준인터페이스를 지원한다 ..

신호 응용 서비스 신호 응용 서비스 : : 제어영역의 다양한 멀티미디어 신호처리를 제어영역의 다양한 멀티미디어 신호처리를 담당한다담당한다 ..

마이크로 프로세서 마이크로 프로세서 : : 응용 프로토콜을 지원한다응용 프로토콜을 지원한다 .. Middle ware : Middle ware : Client/server Client/server 환경의 최적해법을 지원한다환경의 최적해법을 지원한다 ..

사용자 영역의 멀티미디어 트래픽 응용 서비스를 지원한다사용자 영역의 멀티미디어 트래픽 응용 서비스를 지원한다 ..


Distributed Layered Virtual Distributed Layered Virtual MachineMachine

Communications Communications ApplicationsApplications

Common ApplicationsCommon Applications

Networking AspectsNetworking Aspects(Network “Waveforms”)(Network “Waveforms”)

Radio AspectsRadio Aspects(Basic “Waveforms”)(Basic “Waveforms”)

Infrastructure AspectsInfrastructure Aspects

Hardware PlatformHardware Platform

Mapping, Data Bases,Mapping, Data Bases,Location Awareness, ...Location Awareness, ...

Encapsulated Waveforms,Encapsulated Waveforms,Bridging, Location Estimation, ...Bridging, Location Estimation, ...

Network Layer &Network Layer &Protocol Stack,Protocol Stack,State MachinesState Machines

Physical Layer &Physical Layer &Data Link LayerData Link LayerState MachinesState Machines

Infrastructure State MachinesInfrastructure State MachinesReal-time CORBA/IDLReal-time CORBA/IDL

Antennas, RF (Band, Bandwidth)Antennas, RF (Band, Bandwidth)Operating System (UNIX,…)Operating System (UNIX,…)

Instruction Set ArchitectureInstruction Set Architecture

Map Update AgentMap Update Agent

SINCGARSSINCGARS(SG)(SG) BridgingBridging HAVEHAVE

QUICKQUICK

Front End Front End ProcessingProcessing

Network Network SecuritySecurity

Protocol Protocol StackStack

ModemModem INFOSECINFOSECData ProcessingData ProcessingVoiceVoice

Domain/Resource ManagerDomain/Resource ManagerReal-Time Distributed Processing ServicesReal-Time Distributed Processing Services

ASICsASICsFPGAsFPGAs

DSPsDSPsGP HostsGP Hosts

WWaavv ee

ff oorr mm

PPee rr

ss oonn aa ll

ii ttii eess

OS’sOS’s


SDR LayersSDR Layers

OS Interface Standard(POSIX)

Middleware (ORB)

Operating System

HardwareHardware Abstraction Layer

Computational Framework

Management Framework

Waveform/ApplicationsFramework

Services Frameworks

Application

Platform Services

Platform


Source Source setset

Evolution Evolution supportsupport

Channel setChannel set

Source coding Source coding and decodingand decoding

Service and Service and Network supportNetwork supportINFOSECINFOSEC RF/channelRF/channel

accessaccessIF IF

processingprocessingModemModem

Channel coding and Channel coding and decodingdecodingJoint controlJoint control

Multiple personalitiesMultiple personalities

External environmentExternal environment

SDR ArchitectureSDR Architecture


Link Framing

ChannelEncoding

Line Decoding

Modulation

MultipleAccess

D/AConverter

RFTransmitter

Link Framing

Demodulation

MultipleAccess

ChannelDecoding

Line Encoding

A/DConverter

RFReceiver

Physical

DataLink

Physical

DataLink

continuous signal continuous signal

continuous signalcontinuous signal

discrete signal

discrete signal

discrete signal

discrete signal

symbol symbol

bits bits

bits bits

bytes bytes

software

hardware

wireless medium

Software Radio Layering Software Radio Layering ModelModel


StandardizationStandardization

Application

APIs

Bindings

RTOS

BSP

HW

Application

APIs

Bindings

RTOS

BSP

HW

Application

APIs

Bindings

RTOS

BSP

HW

Application

APIs

Bindings

RTOS

BSP

HW

Sta

nd

ard

ized


스마트 재구성 스마트 재구성 Radio Radio 기술기술

프로토콜 (download)기술

재구성 가능 스트림 프로세서 기술

System on Chip 기술

Middleware 기술

전력절감RF 및 안테나기술

““Smart-Radio-on-a-Smart-Radio-on-a-Chip”Chip”

IP-based network

기술

주파수 직접

변환기술

Monodyne변복조 및

부호화 기술


Design Issues of SDRDesign Issues of SDR Modem Modem

SDRSDR

ADC/ADC/DACDAC

DSPDSP

MICROWAVEMICROWAVE

CIRCUITCIRCUIT

• Using signal Using signal processing processing compensate a compensate a microwave circuit microwave circuit deteriorationdeterioration

• Recognize what Recognize what kind of signal kind of signal processing is done in processing is done in RF-Band and Base-RF-Band and Base-bandband


4G Modem Technologies4G Modem Technologies

– Reliable High Rate/Broadband TransmissionReliable High Rate/Broadband Transmission– Flexible applying of various modulation Flexible applying of various modulation – Adaptive SDR System to Varying Channel & QoS Adaptive SDR System to Varying Channel & QoS – More Capacity & Spatial Diversity => More Capacity & Spatial Diversity =>

Space-Time ProcessingSpace-Time Processing – Multiple AccessMultiple Access for Higher rate packet for Higher rate packet – High Spectral Efficiency => High Spectral Efficiency => OFDMOFDM– For Varying Channel & QoS => For Varying Channel & QoS => Link Adaptation Link Adaptation

TechniquesTechniques


Signal processing in base-Signal processing in base-band and IF/RFband and IF/RF

base-bandbase-band IF/ RFIF/ RF

Echo cancellation Echo cancellation

EqualizationEqualization

스마트안테나 스마트안테나 전자파 간섭 및 잡음 제거전자파 간섭 및 잡음 제거

spectrum spreadingspectrum spreading

de-spreadingde-spreading

SynchronizationSynchronization

SDRSDR 의 대상서비스를 모두 수용하는 의 대상서비스를 모두 수용하는 RF RF 회로 제작 회로 제작 필요 필요 (GSM2Plus + CDMA + 3GPP + 3GPP2 (GSM2Plus + CDMA + 3GPP + 3GPP2 시스템시스템 ))

멀티모드멀티모드 RF front-endRF front-end 의 주파수의 주파수 -- 밴드 선택밴드 선택 //스위칭 다른 스펙트럼 신호가 동일 시간에 상호간 스위칭 다른 스펙트럼 신호가 동일 시간에 상호간 간섭이 없는 간섭이 없는 RFRF

modulation/modulation/

DemodulationDemodulation저전력저전력 , , 광대역 광대역 PDC/PUC (Programmable PDC/PUC (Programmable Down/Up Converter)Down/Up Converter)

Timing recoveryTiming recovery 고효율고효율 //선형 선형 RF RF 전력증폭기전력증폭기

coding/decodingcoding/decoding

CDMA,OFDM CDMA,OFDM 혼용 혼용

다중 모드 동작 주파수 직접 변환다중 모드 동작 주파수 직접 변환주파수 직접변환 회로 없이 주파수 직접변환 회로 없이 RFRF 신호를 직접 디지털화신호를 직접 디지털화여러 주파수 신호의 변환을 위한 여러 주파수 신호의 변환을 위한 PLL PLL 모듈에서의 모듈에서의 VCO VCO 출력 설정 출력 설정


Digital Radio Digital Radio

Diplexer

Downconvert(LNA/Mixer

/Filter)

FrequencySynthesizer

Upconvert(Mixer/Filter/Amp)

IFProcessing

(Amp)

Bit-streamProcessing

RFProcessing

AnalogOutput

DigitalAnalog

BasebandProcessing

(Modem)

DigitalOutput

Diplexer

Selects the channel according to different carrier frequency and different channel bandwidth using fixed analog-defined channel selection filters.


Software Defined RadioSoftware Defined Radio(Heterodyne (Heterodyne 구조구조 ))

A/DD/A

Diplexer

Amp

IF

/De-

IFProcessing

(Channelizer/De-

channelizer)

Bit-streamProcessingProcessing

(Modem)

Baseband

Processing

(Modem)

DigitalAnalog

the multi-channels are fed to the single wideband analog-stage. Then all channels are converted to digital signal with one wideband high-speed ADC. The desired channel is then selected from the digitized multi-channels with the software-defined channel selection filters in the digital-stage.


Software RadioSoftware Radio(Homodyne (Homodyne 구조구조 ))

Hardware/Software Co-design

Software

DACDAC

ADCADC

Processor

Reconfigurable(Programmable)

- ProcessorNetworkNetwork


하드웨어 기반에서 소프트웨어 하드웨어 기반에서 소프트웨어 기반으로의 변천기반으로의 변천


A “mostly digital” receiver A “mostly digital” receiver architecturearchitecture

• ““Go digital” at the earliest possible stageGo digital” at the earliest possible stage• Use system level design choices to simplify Use system level design choices to simplify

the analog RF requirements as much as the analog RF requirements as much as possiblepossible

• Rely on low power digital design Rely on low power digital design techniques to compensate for increased techniques to compensate for increased baseband complexitybaseband complexity

AnalogFront-End

A/DConverter

DigitalBaseband

Processing

RFFilter

Custom Analog IC Custom Digital IC


Step 1: make as much of the circuitry digital as possible

RF POWER

AMP

RFUP

CONVERTERWideband

DACDIGITAL

I-F UPCONVERTER

RF LOW-NOISEAMP

RFDOWN

CONVERTERAGC

Pro

gra

mm

ab

le D

SP

AN

TEN

NA

SW

ITCH

ING

SYSTEM

Ant

WidebandADC

DIGITALI-F

DOWNCONVERTER

I-F

I-F

Q

I

I

Q

Information Input

Information output

Software-Defined Cellphone


Step 2: achieve programmability at higher frequencies to reduce hardwares to be used for multi-mode cellphone

RF

POWER

AMP

Quadratureupconverter

WidebandDAC

RF

LOW-NOISE

AMP

AGC

Progr

amm

abl

e DSP

Ant

WidebandADC

Q

I

I

Q

Information Input

Information output

Direct-Conversion Cellphone

WidebandDAC

WidebandADC

AGC

Quadraturedownconverter


Dual Mode (2G/3G) Dual Mode (2G/3G) Transceiver Transceiver

ConfigurationConfiguration

ANTCONT

FRONTEND

P.A.

FRONTEND

P.A.

WBFIL

WBFIL

NBFIL

NBFIL

A/D

CONT

DESPREAD

SPREAD

RAKE

MOD

DEM

CODEC

DEM

MOD CODEC

DSP

for 3G System

for 2G System


Baseband processing

RF

Conversion

to IF

and A/D

CDMA2000

S/W part(DSP)

WCDMA

S/W part(DSP)

Flexible H/W part

(FRBA or FPGA)

H/W part

(ASIC)

Modulator

Demodulator

Despreader

Searcher

Time Tracker

AFC

Channel estimator

Lock detector

RAKE combiner

Power control

Channel codec

Rate matching

Multiplexing

I/O controller Process controller Program memory

AlgorithmPartitioning

16

W-CDMA,CDMA2000 W-CDMA,CDMA2000 통합시스템통합시스템


Problems in SDRProblems in SDR• Existing portable phones are very Existing portable phones are very

compactcompact, with , with long batterylong battery life, High MIPS life, High MIPS and and low costlow cost. .

• Illegal use causes serious interferenceIllegal use causes serious interference• Download problem.Download problem.

– The volume of s/w downloaded The volume of s/w downloaded increases -> time is lengthenedincreases -> time is lengthened

– Manufacturer-specific know-how can Manufacturer-specific know-how can be leak out – securitybe leak out – security

– S/W Virus or hackers S/W Virus or hackers • The method of managing several units The method of managing several units

for multi-mode and multi-mode systems for multi-mode and multi-mode systems and placement of broadband antennaand placement of broadband antenna


More Performance for More Performance for future SDR future SDR

• High frequencyHigh frequency– MMIC(Monolithic Microwave Integrated MMIC(Monolithic Microwave Integrated

Circuit) – analogCircuit) – analog• Interface between analog and digitalInterface between analog and digital

– wideband/high speed/high resolution wideband/high speed/high resolution ADC and DAC chipADC and DAC chip

• Digital ProcessingDigital Processing- DSP (Digital Signal Processor)- DSP (Digital Signal Processor)– ASIC (Application Specific Integrated ASIC (Application Specific Integrated

Circuit)Circuit)– FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)


Some Quotes from SDR Some Quotes from SDR ForumForum

““SDR delivers a robust set of features to the consumer in a cost SDR delivers a robust set of features to the consumer in a cost efficient manner for the provider.” - efficient manner for the provider.” - Brian Tropper, President, Brian Tropper, President, Tropper TechnologiesTropper Technologies

““SDR bridges multiple standards as well as legacy and future SDR bridges multiple standards as well as legacy and future systems.” - systems.” - Dr. Eric Christensen, Technical Staff Engineer, Dr. Eric Christensen, Technical Staff Engineer, MotorolaMotorola

““SDR has great a future and will open the doors for software SDR has great a future and will open the doors for software developers.” - developers.” - Mark Adams, VP, Software Technology, IncMark Adams, VP, Software Technology, Inc

““Time is now. Vendors have technology in place to offer products.” - Time is now. Vendors have technology in place to offer products.” - Mark Cummings, President, CEO, enViaMark Cummings, President, CEO, enVia

““Its inevitable.” - Its inevitable.” - Graham Mostyn, VP System Engineering, Graham Mostyn, VP System Engineering, Chameleon SystemsChameleon Systems

““SDR is a mainstream way to solve problems.” - SDR is a mainstream way to solve problems.” - Rodger Hosking, VP, Rodger Hosking, VP, PentekPentek

““Harris is a strong supporter of SDR.” - Harris is a strong supporter of SDR.” - John Fitton, Senior Scientist, John Fitton, Senior Scientist, HarrisHarris Corp.Corp.

““SDR is indispensable.” - SDR is indispensable.” - Mitsuyuki Goami, General Manager, Kokusai Mitsuyuki Goami, General Manager, Kokusai Electric CoElectric Co

““SDR will be the only way radios operate.” - SDR will be the only way radios operate.” - Karl Davis, Senior Karl Davis, Senior Principal Software Engineer, RaytheonPrincipal Software Engineer, Raytheon


Software Radio Phase Software Radio Phase SpaceSpace


SDR Adoption Timeline, SDR Adoption Timeline, SDR ForumSDR Forum

DurationDuration

20002000

20012001

20032003

20052005

Base StationsBase Stations

Product IntroductionProduct Introduction

Limited use by Limited use by Infrastructure Infrastructure Manufacturers Manufacturers

Increased use due to 3GIncreased use due to 3G

Widespread adoption by Widespread adoption by most manufacturers as most manufacturers as core platformcore platform

TerminalsTerminals

Almost no usageAlmost no usage

Initial usage as multi-mode, multi-Initial usage as multi-mode, multi-band Cellular/PCS in high-endband Cellular/PCS in high-endand roaming productsand roaming products

Used for 3G capabilities Used for 3G capabilities (“information centric” product, (“information centric” product, embedded applications in embedded applications in computers, autos...)computers, autos...)

Widespread adoption by mostWidespread adoption by mostmanufacturers as core manufacturers as core platformplatform


Reconfigurable Radio Reconfigurable Radio SystemsSystems

Business ModelBusiness Model

RegulationRegulation

SpectrumSpectrum

StandardsStandards

Enabling TechnologiesEnabling Technologies

Terminals ApplicationsTerminals Applications

Base Stations MiddlewareBase Stations Middleware

Network ServicesNetwork Services

““ SSyy ss

tt eemm””

““ AApp pp ll ii cc aa tt ii oo nn ””


R&D in Reconfigurable Radio R&D in Reconfigurable Radio Systems & Networks in EuropeSystems & Networks in Europe

Applic

ation

Baseband

IF

RF

Ante

nna

Spectr

um Business Model

NetworkBase Station

Terminal

0

1

2

3

4

5(number of projects)


Asian ActivitiesAsian ActivitiesProjectProject PlayersPlayers FocusFocus

3GPP WCDMA 3GPP WCDMA SDR Test BedSDR Test Bed

Samsung Samsung (WCDMA+CDMA2000) (WCDMA+CDMA2000) 상용화상용화(GSM+WCDMA) (GSM+WCDMA) 진행중 진행중

Receiver technology, global Receiver technology, global roaming, multi-mode roaming, multi-mode operationoperation

Software Radio Software Radio Base & Personal Base & Personal Station Station PrototypesPrototypes

NTTNTT Adaptive arrayAdaptive array

antennas,modulation,signal antennas,modulation,signal processing, over-the-air processing, over-the-air downloadsdownloads

ARIB - Software ARIB - Software Receiver Receiver TechnologyTechnology

ARIB (Toshiba, Anritsu, Gunma ARIB (Toshiba, Anritsu, Gunma Univ, Koden Electronics, KDD, Univ, Koden Electronics, KDD, Shizuoka Univ, Tokyo Inst of Shizuoka Univ, Tokyo Inst of Tech, Tohoku Univ, NEC, JRC, Tech, Tohoku Univ, NEC, JRC, Fujitsu, Japan Defense Fujitsu, Japan Defense Academy, CRL)Academy, CRL)

Receiver technology, Receiver technology, reconfiguration, software reconfiguration, software downloadsdownloads

SDR Test BedSDR Test Bed SK TelecomSK Telecom Reconfigurable equipment Reconfigurable equipment and services - Planning Phaseand services - Planning Phase

Hardware Hardware Platform of the Platform of the SW RadioSW Radio

National Natural Science National Natural Science Foundation of China & Tsinghua Foundation of China & Tsinghua UnivUniv

Reconfiguration & Hardware Reconfiguration & Hardware ArchitectureArchitecture


European ActivitiesEuropean ActivitiesProjectProject PlayersPlayers FocusFocus

LCM – Mobile LCM – Mobile Communications Communications LaboratoryLaboratory

Swiss Federal Institute of Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne Technology in Lausanne & Institut Eurecom& Institut Eurecom

3G real time test bed; 3G real time test bed; adaptive antennas, adaptive antennas, reconfiguration, multi-reconfiguration, multi-user antennas, base user antennas, base stationsstations

TRUST (Transparently TRUST (Transparently Reconfigurable UbiquitouS Reconfigurable UbiquitouS Terminal)Terminal)http://www.ist-trust.orghttp://www.ist-trust.org

European Commission – European Commission – (France Telecom, (France Telecom, Telefonica, Siemens, Telefonica, Siemens, Motorola, Panasonic, Motorola, Panasonic, Bosch)Bosch)

User terminal User terminal reconfiguration, multi-reconfiguration, multi-mode, multi-band mode, multi-band operationoperation

PASTORAL (Platform And PASTORAL (Platform And Software for Terminals: Software for Terminals: Operationally Re-Operationally Re-configurAbLe) configurAbLe)

SODERA (re-configurable SODERA (re-configurable low power radio low power radio architecture for SDR)architecture for SDR)

European Commission – European Commission – (ST Microelectronics, (ST Microelectronics, Alcatel, France Telecom, Alcatel, France Telecom, CSELT, Sirius, Thomson)CSELT, Sirius, Thomson)http://www.ist-sodera.orghttp://www.ist-sodera.org

Re-configurable, real-time Re-configurable, real-time platform for 3G mobile platform for 3G mobile base band developmentbase band development

MOBIVAS (Mobile Value-MOBIVAS (Mobile Value-Added Services)Added Services)

European Commission – European Commission – (Thomson, NEC, Unis, (Thomson, NEC, Unis, Innovators, Hellenic Innovators, Hellenic Telecommunications Org, Telecommunications Org, Ecole Nationale Ecole Nationale Superieure des Superieure des Telecommunications)Telecommunications)

Define, design, develop, Define, design, develop, and validate an integrated and validate an integrated application architecture application architecture for SDR software for SDR software downloadsdownloads


North American North American ActivitiesActivitiesProjectProject FocusFocus

CHARIOT (Changeable Advanced CHARIOT (Changeable Advanced Radio for Inter-Operable Radio for Inter-Operable Telecommunications),Telecommunications),

Government &Virginia TechGovernment &Virginia Tech

Smart antenna and Smart antenna and reconfiguration reconfiguration

JTRS(Joint Tech. Radio System)JTRS(Joint Tech. Radio System) 객체지향 객체지향 sw sw 구조구조 , SDR forum, SDR forum 의 의 상업적 모델을 위한 규격상업적 모델을 위한 규격2001.11 SCA 2.22001.11 SCA 2.2

ISI(Information Sciences Institute)ISI(Information Sciences Institute) CPU, GPS CPU, GPS 수신기수신기 , , 무선 무선 인터페이스가 혼합 사용될 수 있도록 인터페이스가 혼합 사용될 수 있도록 통합통합

SORT (Software radio technologies)SORT (Software radio technologies)

SLATS (Software libraries for advanced SLATS (Software libraries for advanced terminal solutions)terminal solutions)

PROMULA (Programmable Multimode PROMULA (Programmable Multimode radio for multimedia wireless terminals)radio for multimedia wireless terminals)

StandardizationStandardization


SDR SDR 등장배경 등장배경 -- 군용군용

• 육해공군 및 국제연합작전 시 통신 어려움• 무선 군용 고속 네트워크망을 위한 단말기

필요성 대두 C4I 에 의한 국방정보화 사업 가속화

• 통신장비의 빈번한 교체에 따른 경제적 부담


• SDR 표준화 ( 상용 , 군용 ) 단체 , 1996 년 창설 , 미국 주도 분산 객체 구조 , S/W 다운로드 , 보안과 암호

화를 위한 표준화 작업 모든 프로토콜들에 대한 정책적 경제적 규정에 대한 방책까지 연구


SPEAKEasySPEAKEasy• 19701970 년대부터 국방성 산하 연구소인 년대부터 국방성 산하 연구소인 DARPADARPA 의 의

주도로 다양한 대역을 사용하는 상이한 군용 통신 주도로 다양한 대역을 사용하는 상이한 군용 통신 규격간의 통합 송수신 시스템 개발 규격간의 통합 송수신 시스템 개발

• 개방형 구조를 채택한 모듈 단위의 재구성이 가능개방형 구조를 채택한 모듈 단위의 재구성이 가능• 새로운 무선 방식을 용이하게 추가할 수 있는 포괄적인 새로운 무선 방식을 용이하게 추가할 수 있는 포괄적인

소프트웨어 구조의 개발소프트웨어 구조의 개발• Phase-1Phase-1 단계 단계 (1992(1992 년 년 - 1995- 1995 년년 ): ): 고속 주파수 고속 주파수

도약 대역 확산 파형에 대하여 도약 대역 확산 파형에 대하여 4-4-채널채널 , , 광대역 모뎀을 광대역 모뎀을 개발하여 타당성을 확인개발하여 타당성을 확인

• Phase-2Phase-2 단계 단계 (1995(1995 년부터 년부터 20002000 년년 ): ): 사용자의 사용자의 입력입력 -- 출력단부터 출력단부터 RF RF 단에 이르는 전체 라디오 단에 이르는 전체 라디오 시스템에 대한 개방형시스템에 대한 개방형 , , 모듈 단위모듈 단위 , , 재프로그램이 재프로그램이 가능한 구조의 상업용 모듈과 표준가능한 구조의 상업용 모듈과 표준


Joint Tactical Radio SystemJoint Tactical Radio System

지대지 , 지대공 , 지대위성간 비화 통신을 제공현재 미국의 모든 군에서 사용중인 다중 대역 /다중 임무 무전기 30-512 MHz 대역

Joint Tactical Radio System 2CJoint Tactical Radio System 2CAN/PRC-117F SDR AN/PRC-117F SDR 무전기무전기 , Harris, Harris

동시 다중 채널의 음성 , 데이터 , 화상 및 비디오지상 , 함정 탑재 및 항공기 탑재 플랫폼스펙트럼 확산 변조 ( 저피탐 및 항 재밍 ) 의 사용송신 출력 제어 및 내장 암호화로 보안성과 225∼400 MHz 의 주파수 범위


GloMo Project GloMo Project (Global Mobile Information)(Global Mobile Information) BBN TechnologiesBBN Technologies- Support for distributed real-time - Support for distributed real-time

MMWN(Multimedia applications in Mobile MMWN(Multimedia applications in Mobile Wireless Networks)Wireless Networks)

SRI InternationalSRI International- Advanced secure wireless integrated networks- Advanced secure wireless integrated networks Camegie Mellon UniversityCamegie Mellon University- Pyxis-Middleware for distributed multimedia - Pyxis-Middleware for distributed multimedia

programmingprogramming Rutgers UniversityRutgers University- Dataman project-information services for low - Dataman project-information services for low

powered mobile clientspowered mobile clients- Numble-many time, many where - Numble-many time, many where

communications support for information systemcommunications support for information system


GloMo Project GloMo Project SAICSAIC- SEAM-LSS(Simulation and Evaluation of - SEAM-LSS(Simulation and Evaluation of

Adaptive Mobile Large Scale networks Adaptive Mobile Large Scale networks Systems)Systems)

Virginia Tech MPRG(Mobile and Portable Virginia Tech MPRG(Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group)[8]Radio Research Group)[8]

- Software radio using reconfigurable computing- Software radio using reconfigurable computing Stanford UniversityStanford University- Low power distributed mobile networks- Low power distributed mobile networks- Reconfigurable multimode, multi-band - Reconfigurable multimode, multi-band

information transfer systemsinformation transfer systems UTPA(University of Texas-Pan American)UTPA(University of Texas-Pan American)- - 높은 데이터율의 재구성 가능한 안테나 개발높은 데이터율의 재구성 가능한 안테나 개발- Generic control channel mechanism- Generic control channel mechanism


GloMo Project GloMo Project UCLA(University of California in LA)UCLA(University of California in LA)- Handheld untethered nodes for high performance - Handheld untethered nodes for high performance

wireless network systemswireless network systems- Design of mobile adaptive networks using - Design of mobile adaptive networks using

simulation and agent technology(GloMo SIM)simulation and agent technology(GloMo SIM) UCSC(University of California, Santa Cruz)UCSC(University of California, Santa Cruz)- SPARROW(Secure Protocols for Adaptive, Robust, - SPARROW(Secure Protocols for Adaptive, Robust,

Reliable, and Opportunistic WINGs)Reliable, and Opportunistic WINGs) University of California, Berkeley[10]University of California, Berkeley[10]- Towards a wireless overlay internetworking - Towards a wireless overlay internetworking

architecturearchitecture- BARWAN(Bay Area Research Wireless Access - BARWAN(Bay Area Research Wireless Access

Network)Network) University of KansasUniversity of Kansas- RDRN(Rapidly deployable radio networks)[11]- RDRN(Rapidly deployable radio networks)[11]


CHARIOT, Virginia TechCHARIOT, Virginia Tech(Changeable Advanced Radio for Inter Operable (Changeable Advanced Radio for Inter Operable

Telecommunications)Telecommunications) 적응 배열 구조 연구적응 배열 구조 연구- - 협대역 적응안테나 테스트베드 개발협대역 적응안테나 테스트베드 개발 간섭에 강한 단말기 수신기에 대한 연구간섭에 강한 단말기 수신기에 대한 연구- Analog Device- Analog Device 사의 사의 ADSP-21020ADSP-21020 을 이용하여 적응 알고리즘 실행 및 을 이용하여 적응 알고리즘 실행 및

기저대역에서 테스트기저대역에서 테스트 간섭에 강한 기지국 수신기에 대한 연구간섭에 강한 기지국 수신기에 대한 연구- Analog Device- Analog Device 사의 사의 ADSP-21020ADSP-21020 을 이용하여 을 이용하여 multistage multistage 수신기 동작 수신기 동작

및 기저대역에서 테스트및 기저대역에서 테스트 재구성 가능한 컴퓨팅 구조에 대한 연구재구성 가능한 컴퓨팅 구조에 대한 연구 구조 특성과 디자인구조 특성과 디자인- - 소프트웨어 라디오와 컴퓨팅 구조 정의 모델소프트웨어 라디오와 컴퓨팅 구조 정의 모델- - 상위 레벨 라디오 디자인상위 레벨 라디오 디자인 소프트웨어 라디오 알고리즘 모델링과 동작소프트웨어 라디오 알고리즘 모델링과 동작- - 터보 코드 알고리즘 개발터보 코드 알고리즘 개발 핸드헬드 스마트 안테나핸드헬드 스마트 안테나


AFFL/IFAFFL/IFMultiband Multimode RadioMultiband Multimode Radio

• 기존 무선 네트웍과 상호 동작기존 무선 네트웍과 상호 동작• 광대역 전력 증폭기 및 광대역 안테나광대역 전력 증폭기 및 광대역 안테나• Radio Radio 동작과 리소스의 동작과 리소스의 SW SW 제어제어• 이동성증대를 위한 파형 표준화이동성증대를 위한 파형 표준화• 서비스 요구와 환경 변화 인지 적응서비스 요구와 환경 변화 인지 적응• 정보 보호 서비스 및 정보 보호 서비스 및 QoSQoS• 무선시스템과 안테나 플랫폼 통합무선시스템과 안테나 플랫폼 통합• JTRS compliant plug and play HW/SW JTRS compliant plug and play HW/SW

응용 모듈 개발응용 모듈 개발


• Global Cellular/PCS MarketsGlobal Cellular/PCS Markets• US - delayed to exploit capital investment in analog US - delayed to exploit capital investment in analog systemssystems• Europe - GSM to share common R&D & platforms Europe - GSM to share common R&D & platforms • Japan - Exhausted PHS & PDC spectrum for CDMA Japan - Exhausted PHS & PDC spectrum for CDMA

• Proliferation of standards and spectral capacity Proliferation of standards and spectral capacity call for multiband, multimode services on single carrier call for multiband, multimode services on single carrier systems systems

Commercial SDR DriversCommercial SDR Drivers

Market

USA

Japan

Europe

First Generation

AMPS & Derivatives

NTT-Analog, JTACS

Various Analog Stds

Second Generation

TDMA, CDMA, GSM

PHS, PDC, GSM

GSM

Third Generation

UW136, Edge/NA, 3GCDMA-DS, 3GCDMA-MC

3GCDMA-DS

IMT-2000, 3GCDMA-TDD


Business Model for Wireless Business Model for Wireless PCSPCS

APn

ApplicationProviders

MMMMulti

-Medi

aMgr

CPn

ContentProviders

OEM SystemSuppliers

OEMn

NetworkOperator

NO

EnhancedCapability

UmUsers

WirelineOperator

WL

WirelessPersonal Area

Network

PAN

RoamingNetwork

Operating

RN

FunctionDeveloper

(SDR)

FD

Service Provider“Clearcut

Communications”

SP

Regu-latorsFI

Financial Institution

Transaction Flow

Peter G. Cook, Stephen Hope


Generic Business Model Generic Business Model

Integrator

Fee : OS, ORB, SCA ...

Responsible for 1 WF

Integration

validation

certificationWF Assembler

GLUE

Editor SW

Editor

HW

Manufacturer

SW 3d party

Editor

HW

Upgrade

System

ProviderSelect

Responsible for multiple WFs

Interconnect with

net provided by

Customer

Select

Consultant

Select

Select

Sel

ect

Specify

Define System

Asynchronous lifecyclesProduct 8 yearsChips 3 yearsSw / Com. 2 yearsVarious Military Programs


GNU RadioGNU Radio

• It’s a free software defined radioIt’s a free software defined radio• A platform for signal processing on A platform for signal processing on

commodity hardwarecommodity hardware• Create a practical environment for Create a practical environment for

experimentation & product deliveryexperimentation & product delivery• Expand the “free software ethic” Expand the “free software ethic”

into what were previously hardware into what were previously hardware intensive arenas intensive arenas

• http://www.gnu.org/software/gnuradiohttp://www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio• http://http://www.opencores.org/projects/pciwww.opencores.org/projects/pci

Eric Blossom, [email protected]


ConclusionConclusion• SDR is usefulSDR is useful

cost saving (not necessary replacing cost saving (not necessary replacing hardware)hardware)

enhancing the system performance of enhancing the system performance of functionsfunctions

• SDR depends onSDR depends on

- progress of hardware technology and- progress of hardware technology and

- high speed and low power consumption - high speed and low power consumption DSP and ADC/DAC, tunable and low loss DSP and ADC/DAC, tunable and low loss filter, ultra wideband power amplifierfilter, ultra wideband power amplifier

• Standardization of SDRStandardization of SDR


참고 문헌참고 문헌

• Software Radio Architecture Object-Software Radio Architecture Object-Oriented Approaches to wireless Oriented Approaches to wireless Systems Engineering - J. Mitola IIISystems Engineering - J. Mitola III

• Simulation and Software Radio for Simulation and Software Radio for mobile communications - H. Harada mobile communications - H. Harada & R. Prasad& R. Prasad

• Software Defined Radio, Origins, Software Defined Radio, Origins, Drivers and International Drivers and International Perspectives edited by Walter Perspectives edited by Walter TuttlebeeTuttlebee

Documents

© ICU 전파교육연구센터 2003 1 성균관대학교정보통신공학부 조준동 교수 SDR (Software Defined Radio) 개요