اخباری مضارع I|we|then|you+drive|work.etc Present simple 1

He|she|it+drives|work.etc

مستمر مضارع Am|is|are+ -ing Present continuous 2

نقلی ماضی Have|has+pastparticiple Present perfect 3

- Have |has + been doing Present perfect continuous

4

ماضیساده LivedWorked

etc

Past simple 5

بعید ماضی had done Past perfect 6

- Had been doing Past perfect continuous

7

آینده will future 8

1 . Present simple ) اخباری) مضارع

I|we|then|you+drive|work.etc

He|she|it+drives|work.etc

Past now presentWe use the present simple to talk about things in general. We use it to say that some thing happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general `

I do

Examole:•a ) Nurses look after patients in hospitalکنند . • می مراقبت بیمارستان در بیماران از پرستارها•b ) I usually go away at weekend روم . • می بیرون هفته آخر معموال من•C ) The earth goes around the sun چرخد . • می خورشید دور زمین•d ) The café opens at 7:30 in the morning ساعت • کند . 7:30کافه می باز صبح

2 . Present continuous ) مستمر مضارح

•Past now present•When we say I'm doing sth = I'm in the middle of doing it

I am (I'm) Driving

She|he|it is (he's etc) Working

We|you|they are (we're etc) doing

I am doing

Example

• a ) please don't make so mush noise , I'm trying to work (not I try it)

درسبخونم • کنم می سعی دارم من نکنید صدا و سر زیاد لطفا

•b ) (at a party) Hi , jane , are you enjoying the party? ( not do you enjoy)

؟ • بری می لذت مهونی از داری جین سالم

3 . Present perfect ) (نقلی ماضی

I|we|they|you Have (I've etc) Finished

She|he|it has (He's etc) Done

1 . when we say that's some thing has happened this is usually new information .

Example :

•a ) The road is closed , There's been ( there has been) an accident

است . • افتاده اتفاق تصادف جا آن است بسته جاده•2 . when we use the present perfect , there is a connection with now , the action in

the past has a result now .•b ) He told me his name , but I've forgotten it (I can't remember now) ام . • کرده فراموش من اما گفت من به را اسمش مرد آن•c ) Kate wants to wotk in Italy , so she's learning Italian .• . ) خواند ) می ایتالیایی دارد کیت او بنابراین ، ک>ند کار ایتالیا در خواهد می کیت

4 . Present perfect continuous (Have | has been doins)

I|we|they|you Have (I've etc)  

been

Doing

Waiting

She|he|it has (He's etc) Playing

•Is it raining?

•No , but the ground is wet

•It has been raining .

Have | has been + -ing is the present perfect continuous:

We use the present perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped .

There is a counection with now.

Example :

• a ) you're out of breath . have you been running ? (you're out of breath

now)

؟ • ای دویده آیا زنی نفسنفسمی

•b ) Jeem is very tired.He's been working very hard .(he's tired now)

است . • کرده کار زیاد او است خسته خیلی جیم

5 . Past simple ) (ساده ماضی

•When you talked about a finished time (for example , yesterday ten minuts ago |

in 2005)use a past simple .

Example :

•a ) I did a lot of home work last night

دادم . • انجام دیروز را زیادی تکالیف من•b ) It didn't rained last week . نیامد . • باران پیش ی هفته•c ) Jack lived in Newyork for ten years . کرد . 10جک • زندگی نیویورک در سال

6 . past perfect ) بعید) ماضی

I|we|they|you  

 had

(I'd etc) Gone

Seen

She|he|it (he'd etc)Finished

Sarah went to a party last week paul went to the party too, but they didn't see each other . paul left the party at 10:30 and sarah arrived at 11 O'clock .so: When sarah arrived at the party , paul wasn't there . He had gone home .

The past perfect simple is had + pp. Some time we talk about some thing that happened in the past . Sarah arrived at the party . This is the starting point of story . Then, if we want to talk about things that happened before this time . we use the past perfect ( had +pp)

Example :

•a ) when sarah arrived at the party , paul had gone home . بود . • رفته خانه به پائل رسید مهمانی به سارا وقتی•b ) Karen didn't want to go to the cinema with us because she'd

seen the move. بود . • دیده قبال را فیلم چون بیاید سینما به ما با خواست نمی کارن

7 . past perfect continuous

I|we|they|you  

 

had

 

(I'd etc)

 

 

been

Doing

Waiting

 

(he'd etc)She|he|it Playing

Example :

• a ) when the boys came into the house , their clothes were dirty , their

hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye .•They 'd been fighting . نامرتب • ها آن موهای و کثیف ها آن های لباس رسیدند خانه به پسرها وقتی

بودند . کرده دعوا ها آن ، بود شده چشمشسیاده زیر ها آن از یکی و•b ) I was very tired when I got home . I'd been working hard all day . کار • شدت به را روز طول تمام من بودم خسته خیلی رسیدم خانه به وقتی

بودم . کرده

Campare present perfect contionuous ( have been )And past perfect continuous ( had been + ing)

Present perfect continuous

I have been + ing

 

Past now

Past perfect continuous

I had been + ing

 

Past now

I hope the bus comes soon

I've been wating for 20 minutes ( before now)

At last the bus came , I'd been

Waiting for 20 minutes ( before the bus come )

James is out of breath

He has been running

James was out of breath

He had been running

 8 . future ) آینده)

•We use I'll ( = I will) when we've just decided to do some

thing when we say I'll do somthings , we announce our

decision . •What would you like to drink ? •I'll an orange juice pleas

•I don't think I'll go out to night . Im too tired . •I see you 're busy , so I wont( = will not) stay long .

Passive

When we use a passive verb , we say what happens to the subject :

Example :

•a ) How old is this house ? It was buit in 1961 .

•b ) Two hundred people are employed by the company .

شرکت ( 200)• توسط اند شده استخدام نفر

Example :

•a ) A lot of money was stolen in the robbery

•b ) Is this room cleaned every day ?

•If we want to say who does or want causes

the action , we use by :

Example :

•This house was built by my grand father. است . • شده ساخته بزرگم پدر توسط خانه این•Two hundred people are employed by the company .• Present simple :•Active: clean (s) / see etc •Some body cleans this room everyday . کن>د . • می تمیز روز هر را اتاق این نفر یک•Passive: am | is | are + cleaned | seen etc •This room cleaned every day .

Example: •a ) Many accidents are caused by careless drivers .شود . • می ها تصادف از بسیاری دلیل رانندگی در دقتی بی•b ) I'm not invited to parties very often . شوم . • نمی دعوت مهمانی به زیاد من•"past simple " •Active: cleaned / saw etc •Some body cleaned this room everyday . است . • کرده تمیز روز هر را اتاق این نفر یک•Passive: was | were + cleaned | seen etc •This room was cleaned yesterday . است . • شده تمیز دیروز اتاق این

Example :

•a ) did you go to the party? No , I wasn't invites

بودم . • نشده دعوت من نه ؟ رفتی همانی به•b ) How much money was stolen in the robbery ? ؟ • است شده دزدیده ، دزدی در پول مقدار چه•"present perfect " • Active: have / has + done etc •The room looks nice some body has cleaned it.است . . • کرده تمیز را آن نفر یک رسد می نظر به ظاهرا اتاق•Passive: have / has been + done etc •The room looks nice . It has been cleaned . است . . • شده تمیز اتاق رسد می نظر به خوب ظاهرا اتاق

Example :

•Have you ever been bitten by a dog ?سگ؟ • یک توسط شد گرفته گاز تو حاال تا•Have you heard? The trip has been

cancelled.است . • شده گردشکنسل ؟ ای شنیده

"past perfect "

•Active: had + done etc •The room looked nice some body had cleaned it. •Passive: had been + done etc •The room looked nice . It had been cleaned .

Example : •The vegetables didn't taste good. They had

been cooked too long . زیاد . • ها آن دهند نمی خوبی طعم سبزیجات

اند . شده پخته•The car was three years old,but hadn't been

used very much . استفاده 3ماشین • زیاد آن از اما داشت سال

بود . نشده

Present continuous •Active: am | is | are + (do) ing •Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment . •Passive: am | is | are + being(done) •The room is being cleaned at the moment . •There's somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed .•(in a shop ' ) can I help you ' ? • ' No , tanks . I 'm being serves '

Past continuous

•Active: was | were + (do) ing •Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrive . •Passive: was | were + being(done) •The room was being cleaned when I arrived . •There was somebody walking behind us. I think we

were being followed .