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Στζλιοσ Γκαδρισ «Kant και Wittgenstein: Από τθν κριτικι τθσ γνϊςθσ ςτθν κριτικι του νοιματοσ». ΔΙΔΑΚΣΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΣΡΙΒΗ ΘΕΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ 2012

Στέλιος Γκαδρής - Kant Και Wittgenstein Από Την Κριτική Της Γνώσης Στην Κριτική Του Νοήματος

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  • Kant Wittgenstein:

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    Cavell, (1996: 261-295). 4 a priori . .: Stenius,

    1960, Specht, 1969:149, 153, 171, Cavell, 1972:67-93, : 86 Cavell a priori . a priori : .. : . Garver, 1967:423, Garver, 1994, Baker Hacker, 2009 (1985):261.. a priori

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