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第四讲 matlab 绘图. —— matlab 语言丰富的图形表现方法,使得数学计算结果可以方便地、多样性地实现了可视化,这是其它语言所不能比拟的。. matlab 语言的绘图功能. 不仅能绘制几乎所有的标准图形,而且其表现形式也是丰富多样的。 matlab 语言不仅具有高层绘图能力,而且还具有底层绘图能力 —— 句柄绘图方法。 在面向对象的图形设计基础上,使得用户可以用来开发各专业的专用图形。. 一、二维绘图. (一) plot —— 最基本的二维图形指令 plot 的功能: plot 命令自动打开一个图形窗口 Figure - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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matlab matlab
matlab matlab
plot plot plotFigure x, y
plot
plot plot(x) x, x plot(x,y) y(x)ynmx mplot(x1,y1,x2,y2)
plot(x,y,s) s1~3 yellowyelplot(x1,y1,s1,x2,y2,s2)
S y m c r g b w k (--)
matlab:[ + | o | * | . | x | square | diamond | v | ^ | > | < | pentagram | hexagram ]
square diamond pentagram hexagram
1. 1x=[0, 0.48,0.84,1,0.91,0.6,0.14] [ x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7,]plot (x)
2. 2t=0:pi/100:2*pi;y=sin(t);y1=sin(t+0.25);y2=sin(t+0.5);plot(t,y,t,y1,t,y2)
yy1y2
3y=sin(t);y1=sin(t+0.25);y2=sin(t+0.5);y3=cos(t);y4=cos(t+0.25);y5=cos(t+0.5);plot(t,[y',y1',y2',y3',y4',y5'])
y3=cos(t);y4=cos(t+0.25);y5=cos(t+0.5);plot(t,y3);hold on; plot(t,y4); plot(t,y5);
x=peaks;plot(x)x=1:length(peaks);y=peaks;plot(x,y)
3. subplot
subplot(m,n,p)
subplot(1,3,1); plot(t,y)subplot(1,3,2); plot(t,y3)subplot(1,3,3); plot(t,y2)
subplot(3,1,1);plot(t,y)subplot(3,1,2);plot(t,y3)subplot(3,1,3);plot(t,y2)
subplot('position',[left bottom width height])
4. figure(n) n t=0:pi/100:2*pi;y=sin(t);y1=sin(t+0.25);y2=sin(t+0.5);plot(t,y) figure(2)plot(t,y1) figure(3)plot(t,y2)
5. 4(2)plot(t,y,'r-',t,y1,'g:',t,y2,'b*')
6. title xlable x ylable y text gtext grid on(off) legend axis
t=0:0.1:10y1=sin(t);y2=cos(t);plot(t,y1,'r',t,y2,'b--');x=[1.7*pi;1.6*pi];y=[-0.3;0.8];s=['sin(t)';'cos(t)'];text(x,y,s);title('');legend('','')xlabel('t'),ylabel('')gridaxis square
246810t
axis axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]) axis ([-2 2 0 5]) axis(equal) axis on(off) axis auto
7.fplot fplot:fplot(fun,lims) funx lims=[xmin xmax]fplot(fun,lims,'corline') [x,y]=fplot(fun,lims) ,plot(x,y)
plotloglogxysemilogxxysemilogyyxtitlexlabelxylabelytextgtextgridplot y . k o w x xb + +g * *r - c : m -. --
fplot('[sin(x),tan(x),cos(x)]',2*pi*[-1 1 -1 1])fplot('humps',[0 1],'rp')
8.ezplot ezplotezplot(f) fxx [-2*pi 2*pi]f(x)ezplot(f,xmin,xmax) ezplot(f,[xmin,xmax],figure(n))
ezplot('sin(x)')ezplot('sin(x)','cos(y)',[-4*pi 4*pi],figure(2))
fill fillx=[1 2 3 4 5];y=[4 1 5 1 4];fill(x,y,'r')
1MATLABsemilogx(x1,y1,1,x2,y2,2,)semilogy(x1,y1,1,x2,y2,2,)loglog(x1,y1,1,x2,y2,2,)5-11 y=10x2
2polarpolar(theta,rho,)thetarhoplot5-12 r=sin(t)cos(t)t=0:pi/50:2*pi;r=sin(t).*cos(t);polar(t,r,'-*');
bar errorbar fplot polar hist rose stairs stem fill feather compass quiver
bar polar hist stairs stem rose comet
errorbar compass () feather () quiver area pie convhull scatter
x=0:pi/20:2*pi;y=sin(x);stairs(x,y)
h2=[1 1;1 -1];h4=[h2 h2;h2 -h2];h8=[h4 h4;h4 -h4];t=1:8;subplot(8,1,1);stairs(t,h8(1,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,2);stairs(t,h8(2,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,3);stairs(t,h8(3,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,4);stairs(t,h8(4,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,5);stairs(t,h8(5,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,6);stairs(t,h8(6,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,7);stairs(t,h8(7,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,8);stairs(t,h8(8,:));axis('off')
h2=[1 1;1 -1];h4=[h2 h2;h2 -h2];h8=[h4 h4;h4 -h4];t=1:8;for i=1:8subplot(8,1,i);stairs(t,h8(i,:))axis('off')end
t=0:2*pi/90:2*pi;y=cos(4*t);polar(t,y)
t=0:0.2:2*pi; y=cos(t); stem(y)
t=0:0.2:2*pi; y=cos(t); bar(y)
t= -pi:pi/500:pi; y=tan(sin(t))-sin(tan(t)); comet(t,y)
x=magic(6);area(x)
x=[1 2 3 4 5 6 7];y=[0 0 0 1 0 0 0];pie(x,y)
pie(x,y,{'North','South','East','West','middle','fa','white'})
load seamountscatter(x,y,50,z)
a=rand(200,1);b=rand(200,1);c=rand(200,1);scatter(a,b,100,c,'p')
[x,y,z]=sphere(20);
subplot(1,2,1);
surf(x,y,z);axis equal;
light('Posi',[0,1,1]);
shading interp;
hold on;
plot3(0,1,1,'p');text(0,1,1,' light');
subplot(1,2,2);
x=linspace(0,3*pi,100);
Z=[sin(x);sin(2*x);sin(2*x)];
Y=[zeros(size(x));ones(size(x))/2;ones(size(x))];
subplot(2,2,1)
plot3(x,Y,Z)
grid,xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis')
title('DefaultAz=-37.5,El=30')
view(-37.5,30)
subplot(1,2,1);
[X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);
waterfall(X,Y,Z)
xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis');
subplot(1,2,2);
contour3(X,Y,Z,12,'k'); %12
xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis');
[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);
z=sin(sqrt(x.^2+y.^2))./sqrt(x.^2+y.^2+eps);
subplot(2,2,1);
mesh(x,y,z);
title('mesh(x,y,z)')
subplot(2,2,2);
meshc(x,y,z);
title('meshc(x,y,z)')
subplot(2,2,1);
ezplot('x^2+y^2-9');axis equal
subplot(2,2,2);
ezplot('x^3+y^3-5*x*y+1/5')
subplot(2,2,3);
ezplot('cos(tan(pi*x))',[ 0,1])
subplot(2,2,4);
ezplot('8*cos(t)','4*sqrt(2)*sin(t)',[0,2*pi])
x=0:pi/50:2*pi;
y=sin(x);
z=cos(x);
plot(x,y,'r',x,z,'g'); %
Hl=get(gca,'Children'); %Hl
for k=1:size(Hl)
if get(Hl(k),'Color')==[0 1 0] %[0 1 0]
Hlg=Hl(k); %
4 1 plot3plotplot3(x1,y1,z1,1,x2,y2,z2,2,,xn,yn,zn,n) x,y,zplotx,y,zx,y,z x,y,zx,y,z
t=0:pi/100:20*pi;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);z=t.*sin(t).*cos(t);plot3(x,y,z);title('Line in 3-D Space');xlabel('X');ylabel('Y');zlabel('Z');grid on;
2 1MATLABmeshgridx=a:d1:b; y=c:d2:d;[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);XxyYyx
2surfmeshmesh(x,y,z,c)surf(x,y,z,c)x,y,zx,yzc
z=sin(x+sin(y))-x/10[x,y]=meshgrid(0:0.25:4*pi);z=sin(x+sin(y))-x/10;mesh(x,y,z);axis([0 4*pi 0 4*pi -2.5 1]);meshcmeshzmeshmeshcxyzmeshzxy
xy[-8,8][-8,8]4[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);z=sin(sqrt(x.^2+y.^2))./sqrt(x.^2+y.^2+eps);subplot(2,2,1);mesh(x,y,z);title('mesh(x,y,z)')subplot(2,2,2);meshc(x,y,z);title('meshc(x,y,z)')subplot(2,2,3);meshz(x,y,z)title('meshz(x,y,z)')subplot(2,2,4);surf(x,y,z);title('surf(x,y,z)')
3sphere[x,y,z]=sphere(n)cylinder[x,y,z]= cylinder(R,n)MATLABpeaks
t=0:pi/20:2*pi;[x,y,z]= cylinder(2+sin(t),30);subplot(2,2,1);surf(x,y,z);subplot(2,2,2);[x,y,z]=sphere;surf(x,y,z);subplot(2,1,2);[x,y,z]=peaks(30); surf(x,y,z);
bar3stem3pie3 fill3bar3bar3(y)bar3(x,y)
stem3stem3(z)stem3(x,y,z)pie3pie3(x)fill3fillfill3(x,y,z,c)
(1) (2) y=2sin(x)(3) x=[2347,1827,2043,3025](4)
subplot(2,2,1);bar3(magic(4))subplot(2,2,2);y=2*sin(0:pi/10:2*pi);stem3(y);subplot(2,2,3);pie3([2347,1827,2043,3025]);subplot(2,2,4);fill3(rand(3,5),rand(3,5),rand(3,5), 'y' )
subplot(1,2,1);[X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);waterfall(X,Y,Z)xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis');subplot(1,2,2);contour3(X,Y,Z,12,'k'); %12xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis');
5 1 MATLABviewview(az,el)azel-37.5,30
2 1MATLAB3[0,1]33RGB
2(Color map)MATLABMATLABm3 RGBMATLAB
3surfshadingshading faceted
shading flatshading interp
3[x,y,z]=sphere(20);colormap(copper);subplot(1,3,1);surf(x,y,z);axis equalsubplot(1,3,2);surf(x,y,z);shading flat;axis equalsubplot(1,3,3);surf(x,y,z);shading interp;axis equal
3 MATLABlight('Color',1,'Style',2,'Position',3)
[x,y,z]=sphere(20);subplot(1,2,1);surf(x,y,z);axis equal;light('Posi',[0,1,1]);shading interp;hold on;plot3(0,1,1,'p');text(0,1,1,' light');subplot(1,2,2);surf(x,y,z);axis equal;light('Posi',[1,0,1]);shading interp;hold on;plot3(1,0,1,'p');text(1,0,1,' light');
6 1 1imreadimwriteimreadimwriteMATLABMATLAB.bmp.jpg.jpeg.tif
2imageimagesccolormap5-26 flower.jpg[x,cmap]=imread('flower.jpg'); %image(x);colormap(cmap);axis image off %
2 MATLABgetframemovieinmovie1getframegetframe()n
2movieinmoviein(n)nn3moviemovie(m,n)mn
peaksz[X,Y,Z]=peaks(30); surf(X,Y,Z)axis([-3,3,-3,3,-10,10])axis off;shading interp;colormap(hot);m=moviein(20); %20for i=1:20view(-37.5+24*(i-1),30) %m(:,i)=getframe; %mend movie(m,2); %2
plot3 plot3(x,y,z) x,y,zplot3(X,Y,Z) X,Y,Zplot3(x,y,z,s) plot3(x1,y1,z1,'s1', x2,y2,z2,'s2', )
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax ]) grid on(off) text(x,y,z,string)
t=0:pi/50:10*pi;plot3(t,sin(t),cos(t),'r:')
() pie3([4 3 6 8 9])
fill3 = fill fill3(x,y,z,s)
5y1=rand(3,5);y2=rand(3,5);y3=rand(3,5);fill3(y1,y2,y3,'m');hold on;plot3(y1,y2,y3,'yo')
mesh mesh(z) znmxy mesh(x,y,z) x,,y,z
z=rand(6); 0.8808 0.0729 0.4168 0.7694 0.3775 0.4776 0.3381 0.7101 0.0964 0.6352 0.3826 0.7086 0.1895 0.8791 0.6747 0.8965 0.6876 0.2380 0.7431 0.3594 0.5626 0.8784 0.1217 0.3910 0.7189 0.0899 0.8130 0.4865 0.0768 0.9759 0.8792 0.1610 0.8782 0.1131 0.1433 0.6288z=round(z) 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
mesh(z)
mesh(z)
8hadamardh2=[1 1;1 -1];h4=[h2 h2;h2 -h2]h8=[h4 h4;h4 -h4] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1mesh(h8)
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y) Z=X.^2+Y.^2XYnmX nY mZ37530nm
meshgrid z=f(x,y) x,yzz=x2+y2 x=-5:5; y=x; [X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y)
Z=X.^2+Y.^2
mesh(X,Y,Z)
colormap( [R,G,B]) matlab [RGB]m3r,g,b[0 1]matlab
[0 0 0] [0 0 1] [0 1 0] [0 1 1] [1 0 0] [1 0 1] [1 1 0] [1 1 1] [0.5 0.5 05] [0.5 0 0] [1 0.62 0.4] [0.49 1 0.8] [0.49 1 0.83]
surf z
surf(x,y,z) x,y,z [X,Y,Z]=peaks(30)peaksmatlabsurf(X,Y,Z)
surfc(X,Y,Z) [X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);surfc(X,Y,Z)
surfl(X,Y,Z) [X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);surfl(X,Y,Z)
cylinde(r,n) r nt1=0:0.1:0.9;t2=1:0.1:2;r=[t1 -t2+2];[x,y,z]=cylinder(r,30);surf(x,y,z);grid
20[x,y,z]=sphere(30);surf(x,y,z);
matlab colormap(MAP) MAPm3matlab
matlab hsv gray hot cool bone copper pink prism jet II flag
shading faceted
shading flat
shading interp
peaks(30);shading interp;colormap(hot)
[X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);surfl(X,Y,Z)shading interp;colormap(cool);axis off
peaks(30);colormap(hot);colorbar('horiz') figure(2);colormap(cool);
a. b.
p=peaks(30);mesh(p)hidden on
p=peaks(30);mesh(p);hidden off
p=peaks;p(30:40,20:30)=nan*p(30:40,20:30);surf(p)
p=peaks;p(30:40,20:30)=nan*p(30:40,20:30);mesh(peaks,p)
(view(az,el)) az ----el ---- az=-37.5; el=30z=peaks(40);subplot(2,2,1);mesh(z);subplot(2,2,2);mesh(z);view(-15,60);subplot(2,2,3);mesh(z);view(-90,0);subplot(2,2,4);mesh(z);view(-7,-10);
a. waterfall) waterfall(peaks(30))
y [x,y,z]=peaks; waterfall(x',y',z');
b. contour(Z,n)--------nC= contourc(Z,n)------nClable(c)------peaks10 contour(peaks,10);C=contourc(peaks,10);clabel(C)
contour3(peaks,20)
pcolor z=peaks(30)pcolor(z)
moviein getframe
[X0,Y0,Z0]=sphere(30); %X=2*X0;Y=2*Y0;Z=2*Z0; %2surf(X0,Y0,Z0); %shading interp %hold on; mesh(X,Y,Z);hold off %hidden off %axis off %
*n=10;t=n*pi*(0:0.0005:1);x=sin(t);y=cos(t);plot(x,y,'g'); hold on;comet(x,y,0.02);hold off
*R0=1;%a=12*R0;b=9*R0;T0=2*pi; %T0T=5*T0;dt=pi/100;t=[0:dt:T]';f=sqrt(a^2-b^2);%th=12.5*pi/180;%x-yE=exp(-t/20);%x=E.*(a*cos(t)-f);y=E.*(b*cos(th)*sin(t));z=E.*(b*sin(th)*sin(t));plot3(x,y,z,'g')%[X,Y,Z]=sphere(30);X=R0*X;Y=R0*Y;Z=R0*Z; %grid on,hold on,surf(X,Y,Z),shading interp%x1=-18*R0;x2=6*R0;y1=-12*R0;y2=12*R0;z1=-6*R0;z2=6*R0;axis([x1 x2 y1 y2 z1 z2]) %view([117 37]),comet3(x,y,z,0.02),hold off%