课标人教实验版高二 Module 5

Unit 1

Extensive Reading

Match the people with their achievement

Da Vinci Don Quixote

Galileo Hamlet

Cervantes Free Fall Experiment

Shakespeare Mona Lisa

Copernicus

• 哥白尼 (Nicolaus Copernicus, 1473-1543), 波兰天文学家、日心说创立者 , 近代天文学的奠基人。

哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研究 , 创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体系——日心说 , 从此否定了在西方统治达一千多年的地心说。

日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后 , 才为人们所接受 , 这是天文学上一次伟大的革命 ,

不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新 , 而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论支柱。“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来” ,“ 科学的发展从此便大踏步前进”（恩格斯《自然辩证法》）。

•哥白尼著有阐述日心说的《天体运行论》 (1543 年出版 ), 由于受到时代的局限 , 在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的”圆形轨道等论点。其后开普勒建立行星

运动三定律 ,牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现 , 日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。

We know the first scientist is Coper

nicus. He was one of the first scientists t

o use mathematical observations to coll

ect information. He believed the sun is t

he center of the universe and the earth

and other planets went around it. The c

hart on P.7 shows his theory.

Pre-reading

Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory

Birth: February 19, 1473

Death: May 24, 1543

Place of Birth: Toruń, Poland

Career:

1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Kraków Academy

1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna

Nicolas C

opernicus

1497 Began observations of the Sun,

Moon, and planets

1514 Wrote Commentariolus, an outline

of his astronomical ideas, but did not

circulate it widely

1543 Published De Revolutionibus

Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions

of the Celestial)

1. At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church

was in charge of many western

countries. T

Read through the passage, and tell

whether the following statements are

true or false.

3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory

to his friends until he completed it.

4. His friends were not interested in his

ideas.

T

F

2. Copernicus noticed that observed

from the earth, some planets appears in

front of or behind the earth. F

5. Since he was not afraid of being

attacked by the Church, Copernicus

published his book as soon as he

finished working on it.

6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are

all scientists who made contribution to

the study of the universe.

F

T

Read carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe.

Before Copernicus’ theory

Showing Copernicus’ theory

A diagram showing the solar system with the Earth at its centre

A diagram showing the solar system with the Sun at its centre

Analyze the following picture carefully and try to explain how a loop is formed.

Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,

I am a student studying astronomy and

I would very much like to read your

new theory about the solar system. I

hope you will publish it for several

reasons.

Sample writing (P7)

I understand the problems with the

present theory. The way the planets

move is not what you would expect if the

earth was the centre of the universe. It is

also odd that the brightness of some

stars seems to change. So I agree with

you that we need a new theory.

I know your observations have been

very carefully carried out over many

years. Now you must have the courage

to publish them. Science can never

advance unless people have the

courage of their beliefs.

I know you worry about what will

happen if you publish your new theory.

No matter how people oppose it, time will

show whether your ideas are right or wrong.

So I hope you will feel you can publish

your new theory.

Yours sincerely,

(your name)

1).Mao Zedong is the great leader of the

Chinese R_________.evolution

Language points

1. Fill in the blankets with proper words.

2). The Invention of the computer caused

a r________ in our way of living.evolution

3). Sun Zhongsan is a great r___________

leader.

4).Yuan Longping created a r___________

new way of growing rice.

evolutionary

evolutionary

2. lead to: to result in 导致 Your carelessness will lead to the

trouble in the future.cigarette death

accident loss

mistake resign

scandal firelead to

1). to have a clear meaning

No matter how I tried to read it, the

sentence didn't make sense.

It makes sense to take care of

your health.

2). to be wise course of action

3. make sense

4. complete; compete

a. They found themselves __________

with foreign companies for a share of

the market.

b. The building took two and a half

years to ________.

competing

complete

5. spin

spun

spin a top a spinning

coin

a spinning

wheel

spun spinning

•We span the coin to see who would

have first turn.

•I spun around to see who had spoken.

6. enthusiastic: be interested in

She’s very singing____________

__________

We explain our plan, and he is

very___________.

enthusiastic

about/over

enthusiastic

enthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically

She shows boundless __________ for the

work.

She greeted him _____________ with a

kiss.

She is very __________ about Eastern

music.

enthusiasm

enthusiastically

enthusiastic

7. cautious: careful to avoid risk

be cautious about/of sb./sth.

cautiously

The guard warned me to be cautious

about strangers.

The bank is very cautious about

lending money.

My father is a very cautious driver.

银行在贷款方面十分慎重。

警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。

我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。

cautious; curious

a. I’ve always been very _______

about giving my address to

strangers.

b. He is very _______ about the

origin of mankind.

cautious

curious

8. If you don’t like Tom, you may

r_____ his gift.

If you don’t think the suggestion is

suitable for you, you may r____ it.

eject

eject

reject

an offer

a possibility

a theory

refuse to accept

rejectedcandidate

applicant

请选用方框内所给词的适当形式填空。

Tom dreamed of joining the army when he was very young. He was very _______ and made a plan to study hard. He was __________ about the plan. But when he was about 16, he got a bad illness. Because of this, he was ________ in his studies and also he was _______ by the army.

backward; complete; enthusiastic; cautious; reject

cautious

enthusiastic

backwardrejected

He was so sad that he almost fainted at the news. His parents suggested to him that he have other choices. Then he followed his parents’ advice and decided to go to the west to help those poor students after he__________ his studies in the college.

backward; complete; enthusiastic; cautious; reject

completed

用适当的介词填空。1. The quarrel led __ the fighting

between the two villagers.

2. He is always positive _____ trying new

ideas.

3. His father is very strict ____ him and

strict __ his studies too.

to

about

with

in

4. We should base our theory __ fact.

5. The photo calls up the memory of his

childhood __ times.

6. According to my point __ view, we

should stick to our plan.

on

at

of

Reading task on P44

What’s Euler’s puzzle?

Koningsberg is an island and there is a

river breaking it into two parts.

“Seven Bridges of Konigsberg” and th

e famous “Euler path”.

People wondered if they could walk

around the city by crossing the seven

bridges without going over any of them

twice or going back on himself, but

Euler found he couldn’t cross all the

seven ones. This is Euler’s puzzle.

The first stage in his research is to find

the problem that he could cross six of the

bridges without going over any of them

twice or going back on himself, but he

couldn’t cross all seven.

How did Euler prepare for his research?

The second stage is to think of a

method: He drew a map and used

dots and lines to simplify his analysis.

Trying and observing over and over

again, he found a general rule.

It is topology. Euler’s theory is called

“The Euler path”, which is expressed

like this: If a figure has more than two

odd points, you cannot go over it

without lifting your pencil from the

page or going over a line twice.

What are the theories?

So the general rule that Euler found is

the even points and the odd points .

Look at the following pictures:

Conclusion

Euler’s theory ( 一笔画 )

可以一笔画只有两种情况： 1. 没有奇数顶点。 2. 只有两个奇数顶点。 如对此问题有兴趣的同学可登录： http://www.e-mu.cn/bbs/index.php