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This book is a workbook designed for the study of the listening comprehension portion of the new

Japanese Language Proficiency Test which began in 2010. The new test contains a wider range oflistening comprehension questions and listening ability is measured in various different ways. Thisbook offers exercises specially created for learners ofJapanese who want to take the test so that theycan become accustomed to the test format and get higher scores.

Exercises in this book include those in which learners can enrich vocabulary and those whichinvolve reading and answering questions. You may think that these exercises are unrelated tolistening comprehension, but, in fact, they foster basic skills. Listening comprehension is justanother part of understanding Japanese. It is an activity in which people comprehend the gist of astory by utilizing various techniques such as knowledge about sounds, vocabulary, sentence patterns,

context' and topics. Use these techniques efficiently, and practice while reviewing your listeningskills in order to get closer to achieving the listening skills ofnativeJapanese speakers.

The structure of this book corresponds to the listening comprehension questions in the JapaneseLanguage ProficiencyTest, but, as mentioned above, the aim of this book is to foster basic skills todevelop listening ability. Consequently, its contents are not only for those who want to prepare forthe test but also for those who want to use this book for their regular listening classes, or for thosewho want to do listening exercises at home.

{& Features of this Book

1l This book's units are structured according to the Japanese Language proficiency Test.

Unit 1

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4

Unit 5

Task-based Comprehension

Gomprehension of Key points

Comprehension of General Outline

Verbal Expressions

Ouick Response

2) Thir book is structured so that you can start with exercises to acquire basic skills and

doing exercises which are close in format to the real test.

Step

IStep

IStep

Acquiring basicskills lExercisesl

These exercises help you to acquire the necessary skills in order to be able to

answer each test question. There are four exercises: hearing sounds, vocabulary and

expressions for listening, hearing grammatical patterns, and understanding the

feelings of the speaker.

2 Checking what you have learned in the unit [End-of-unit Exercises)

You will find these exercises at the end of each unit. These exercises have the same

format as the Test.

3 Answering questions with the same format as the test [ActualTest Exercisesl

We have prepared tests with the s"-e-format as the actual test. The number of

questions is different from the actual test, but you will become accustomed to the test

and be able to checkyour skills with these exercises before you take the test.

3l The aims of the exercises in each unit are as follows.

O Step 1 lExercisesl

@Hearing sounds (Units 01 .02.03'04'05) : Some sounds can change in spoken

langrage. If you do not know about these changes, you may not be able to identi$r words or

grammatical patterns, even those that you know well. If you do not have many opportunities to

speak with native speakers, this section will help you to recognize changes in sounds.

@ Vocabulary and expressions for listening (Units 01 . 02. 03 . 04 . 05) : In spoken

language, there are often words and expressions whose meanings are difficult to guess or

understand from their sounds. In this section, we deal with onomatopoeic words, mimetic

words, loanwords, words of Chinese origin, and honorific language, and you will study listening

and understanding.

@ Hearing grammatical patterns (Units 01 - 02. 03 . 05) : It is difficult to have an

immediate understanding of the relationships between speakers or the directions of objects

or actions in a conversation. In this section, we deal with modifying nouns, the causative, the

passive, the causative-passive and benefactive verbs. These are grammatical patterns that you

have studied in beginner's and lower-intermediate levels; you should become accustomed to

listening to them, too.

@ Understanding the feelings of the speaker (Units 04 . 05) : There is more than one

expression that can be used in a certain situation and we express our feelings and intentions

in a number of different ways. This section contains listening exercises focusing on various

situations so thatyou can memorize avaiety of words and expressions.Youwill also practice

listening to fixed expressions such as salutations which are usefirl to know.

O Step Z [End-of-Unit exercisesl

End-of:Unit exercises have the following three steps. -

First, do Exercise 1 by yourself After this, you can check the key points to see how and where

you need to listen and what you need to consider in order to answer the questions. Then tryExercise 2 which has the same format.

C Step 3 [ActualTest Exercisesl

We have prepared two tests which have the same format as the actual test. The following table

shows a comparison of the numbers of questions in our tests and in the actual test.

N3

Actualtest This book

6 questions 5 questions





l0

.::!;':.:,:1,,: i!:r,::,:.rr:i :.:;..,::!::!:,::i:,1.

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:t:i jt.:.::.:::;l t::uii::i;ti:!;:ii:r::r.:ri::r;

1) lExercisesl

lExercisesl have two sections: reading questions and listening questions.

You do not need the CD for the reading questions. You can check these with the text, so practice

reading carefirlly and understanding these questions.

You will need the CD for the listening questions. Answer these questions while listening to

the CD. There are different types of questions such as those in which you write the words you

hear and those in which you choose the best answer from the options provided after listening to a

conversation.

Here are some examples of exercises for understanding the feelings of the speaker .

.,You,can listen to exereises with this symbd,. '

,,theCp. Herc,listentotheGD and considar

the ens to find tfie best answer.

itF4". AO*;Er:tt't 6E i. L rrbEb$ot-Fa a h' a e o+D 6 1

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2l lEnd-of-unit Exercisesl

Herewe exphin.how,d{t,figl';i;ibiiLi.

*E&iiraermnu, rxroiE r.-1.

t ii;iacgtrsFdazg<"Z getartrr':Hfil& l!+il,t - 7 r) t Et&r 64'.til<

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^ 2 r J I L y > | )t

b, t ti' 4, & ZI a 3.t t-n at L t a " ? ae) L, ftgz <. Eiir.msa*,r,i4lLri.

Tr.k-bsed conprdensior exer.res can be done in thB following us. 1. Ltte, to briedns:r€ncEs dd qnesdo6; 2, LGren b es, vatding Frhtcd choias (bftes or illstudon* 3 Lbten

- 6. qlBdons .Fh, od choo* ihe b6t answer fom anong thc cioices. In these hd of_udrds, pade s.ltug ks!,based conpreheDston *erct€s d 3 doE e&. wl: FF, [*en to* CD, md solre ExeEhe 1. You wit hde the scdtr &d hinr in 6e tolosng pagc, e Ft dF on

diry. N*, solw rhe extrd$s placti.ily in hodse 2.

-F4#E +46!trEfttrHln,+tu F. olj=lqtr), dqr*; rFpE dqi!,

=.n+H i+id "&a.44". J]' cD

:=.g€ffiS&4. 2iFE 4u Flflr.

+c .T4 +41e1 i:e 4+r+ ?+qq: +9. 3€+r+ 43+S E:4.2 .i4q 9: dq4 ( 3,tli grl:! )

= eg

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r. AôatT^tfla2. Lfsnaatii<:. ?iioiir.E*aqa+. Xt r ao6bir.H"r

Fit:r!,.wOr*,thrOugli:,ith cX' Aiie€;

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Eit

Next, read the transcripts.

There are keys and hints that,n-__.- you ctn use.to.6 :ryou.jfu;j' itheanswgrs'

: a. i:ir'i,','.:'i:l:':'r::r,r':::r'i,

rE;T, tollEElr,;* L(t' tt " iqidya< a t. n'i:tln'.p, ao. XS:aa<F./:<.r.. i,i :brl

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r*til *.,E u *-l'" if u {,o<ra Lr.<-1.n'"

r::i. -a)<-fh. ....*,. :r.. o#r:'"1.

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b+ts{ L f 6 r.!{&!,r ,r: /je: d.r,F:tir3r.. Ot2€E !ar!A_$e?

,.i<</i:u..Nl:r'LilttL/:""to'invo <- zt,z*+*,^

L iEL(,z. E*'#t <os . r,r t ,*'i|a <o4. G&rrEi (, Ei-t 2 I

6;, ".*^ ;offi&ru. at€F,izriru'r<r:+r', tlnE';ia*1.<. lo

at I :*t t t; +aii*t. "ir'*t,+,az!.ztt.. ;;.. ' -

4,tu rvor*ins ttrro$gbthiiijiih itioi;,tt &e exereises ag;in!.:' ,r,.:.:. .:,:rir,.1.::::::'r'.

l2

Ezt

3) Ttris book and its answer booklet

In addition to the above-mentioned exercises, this book contains the transcripts of the contents ofthe CD at the end of the main volume. When you want to check the contents of the CD with the

text,use the transcripts, referring to the number on the CD symbol t f) I beside each Exercise.

The answer booklet contains answers and explanations. You can refer to this when you want to

check the answers for exercises or when you want to know how to answer the exercises that you did

not understand or for which you gave the wrong answers.

t3

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Unit 1

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Unit 5

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or r @L 1 @t I @t l

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F : rartr'. @f2]{!,jpda$4rt.ii((ti:1..

M:r'Li*D*L/."'*oT.uro <-tt,z*.-r*"

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r. FlL<,2. A,lSi <,3. 7t1 t#Ea <-4. GC#€i<, *11 2 1

^6\ m#!.: :oEEt'lr. *fgtitt[!'t<l:dr'. ?fl#B#atdL'z. To

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TasL btsed comprehension exerck* crn be done in the followirg ways. 1. Ltt€n to brieing

sentdces lnd qu€ilions; 2. Lbrcn to tds, wa(hng pinrd 6oic6 (knes or ilusFdors)i 3. Lnen

b de qu€sdons aFh, and chmse ihc ber anstr Gon mons de chots.In 6ese €nd-of-udt

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6e CD, !d elw &dds 1. You d hav. de sdps and bts h Se folowiry rc, so F dF on

soMns. N*, $lw de d.rdcs pndcdLy in &ce 2.

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= 49

a3l4^l + H aEf.+ Fr {4:t +4^l 7}a

51 r?r] +4r qla: rl4 "tdlg 345 d

=:n +4 13 €q 4drle. r€ ql"lzl.l

+e+njrlq. r4s . s4 2 qal )4e Eil=

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6 H! Ft,fF,

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^lql 'J+"I4^l =dg ge + 9lE+ €6 E,il€

=EliR+q4 .

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4, €ag datl iBol4 zl4ql^l AA €+9 6l:z de e=E ^l+61€ + 9l=.l1*gE+Cqq 9l+qEl.

*ffinl *llol EIIWsr vl '-l

-l -t O

1) ol 43 'J+q +4 ^l "J I Enlql *+l rl unit = +C dl-z 9l+q 4 .

Unit 1

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4

Unit 5

rlfil oldll

-E.EJ E OI6ll

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gEt E:d

= r I .9.E1-r\l o tl

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Im

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Etrt (Bel Edll4 unit I €# E4l Flql *+qr+. d4l E^lle+,Je €49 E4l€ €qr+.

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q+6il

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== €+E 'Jq4.

O Step 2 l€el Edl)

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a. De, sibl:*ilLl-d-"b. J5fijq!.r.("c. stn'D*.'1"d. tftrrt!'tfla,e. iZ, Zhr,f. &, Li$*lLLiLt:"

,(s _^ cDttiL\?. **K*Jf6titLtA.TL\660{:0. 6ruLrli';l *"

aL'6or: x tir'?( t:*u'" oulrrliaa;rraq*r"(fr1) ti, L$ L, E+6illL\t,, L?!'tfr\l

OlOl @l"l @tol @txl

t r I ttrE#. tl:rsrtrv'Lt:ir.v.arrr'"rot I ot I ot I @t l

(2) I 6*, xn'. L" Agl:f6i:A*,tJ!'r.L,B./-l. l

ot I @t I @t I @t l(3) l+lt, ;,htt l< au.ADeir!."1

or r or I or I @r l(4) ItAir!r. iQ)t>avy 1., urt/jLr(6L,Lrttral

ot I @t r ot r @t l(5) tEa3@^c-f, Ir',Lrtj. t<rrnlI9*L/:h.l

ot I @L I Ot r or r

3r

FL;R69trrnr,6r,rL?, X|er.<1,/:/l::1.tndi*rth"ii. r0",'l L. *ti l.

d+26 Q)

23

2) (€el Edl)

q7lof,/d= Edgl e-=€ €B6t!,:,:'

*r.H,. fll€€0*',-s$rl;,.

*8&)OF':tr

.' : +*:.:gigt€i,,$?*,Ef E!, '.EtAl

E! E! 8410il 5d !

,'.-t, "

24

fr1 ,:;:;:: ;oHfrrrr. tt€ffiafi,'<<r-.*r'" zrra*rAlr, f,oI'if *' rt;+aFrt.*6rr'6011?iE^(</:8r,.r. ED(,2. 6.A'E a <.3. 7$l rnt8a <'4. .t6Et,'Bi <,

EZI

Ei{E E:q 4Al ^5AE€B.lol +d^t-?..

1. ldi:<'2. F.A.Ei < 23. rtl rn<Ea <-4. Geiriii <, EAL 2 ]

16.\ nsz ;oHbre. tf{Ht*,'t< r:a.'" tr,a'ai}tfi.'r. iol6t 1b51o+#a,E€J:r'6ot-ri5At<Idt'.1. Atroitr*tga2. L'aoaarri;<3. *&o,/\r:€eAJ-64. *.tttoErtt.Er ta I

15

ftfr. foiei*H*#r<"*+. Iotuzo<,Ln'i. Itn\F : ha, fuE:L 6tH-l:('r;, a) :nn

M : {.nFS LAJSr,i{i. ial:5Lr,.r@rt&,rr'z t-:-i. Hu { rtra rr'-.j

F: i,i, t)<lh" ..-.4, :a, 3$i.rtt'2lgrrl h.

Nf : ii, aoi iEr:i,t:tir., @?5LL'Ert.:"e6t:a:!,ilr,.

F::nv.<tfi" yaLean'rr, b, .a7ty', aL'L'/ilr. &>oa, .tEa 7t I > a L

qt,i< i, L'L'irlr'.M: uv.,ri,:i<f. &Ea'€t soo€Ar:.

E 4t B E L'l a n' El+Lr'r't:/-: : I ir'.F: ?i<t/', ..-..3r,rJr), :oi{oto!

,'i<< f :!..M:r'L:lrtLt:"Ao^$Zq<-t)'A*tr'"

'Sft 4#r"rmrmnr:, rxroi&, rr.o #ldxqttgrdarrl<"O mFj**rroafffrft (y+b1 )

^ r) tilxf aflytfr<

"@ 6 t-EgE:tu ffi !'2. Eft&o++gtoo*J rigix z6 a.

:o t*LDorigl rrr. *E&Homma. E#r.;tu,rur*<mst LrL,a.

6D ltr.B. &.afitt=vzct'attta. +abL, rcgzr, H#r:r,tea6,u.(4*Lrr"

Task based .onprehension exeiches can be done in rhe following wF. 1. Ltten to bri€ing

senhnes md qustionsi 2. Ltten to ffi, v*chins pdnred choi@s (trrec or ilusradontr 3. Lcten

ro de quesdos again, ard doose *e b$t mswer tom mong th€ choices. In r!e* cnd of unii

qeEi*s, pracdce soldng Es!-brsed con!reheGion *eicbes h a moE reilstic wat Fnli hren ro

th€ CD, dd solre Exedse 1. Yon dll haw rh€ df dd hins i! the fonowfg pgq so Fr iF on

soldn& Nm, solve Se dr.tes pncdq[y h Etudse 2.

E*r+H-Hirt "++t*1'. ftFft cD

t+.EE*trftry" PitrE+tEtr?.

44 q4 e49 E+C 4++ ?3q!+.o +* €B=+ ?+E: =:4o "J4el a= {q.l ( +31+ "J?t.E) €€l ri^t + { 3E+3 =r !e1 ;"t^t 7t*6l rd4 +4r 4^t= 44.1d9 E4=:=q

:nY4r3*q 9d^19 4+ 4q7l4t I

++ilrlq. rEt+. E"rt 2.trl g4e t49

t:..

3) ol 4!+ g4

ol 4ql= ol^Jg E4 olgqi co ql ++g +cg d;il srBEE fl"Jql al4tl#qEl.cD9 LI-&g *zle +oJalr 49 4l ,4 E4lql gEl 9lb cn Ell ( o I g dse+ r]=+B^] ^l*dl idrl_q.

€4"il= aIBv] all€ol z];I9q gl+q4. ErI 6llEl9 4e1 , s_=21+ Efl E4lel sllB

"JBg 9r 49 A+ql *rall ?drle.

i 25

s

EtLl, r ^/L:J)

h'l:6=eroffi86fr^. ......2ItLt- r alr lyf:6=oELrE ... .......5

Zr\-t?< b?i;<-f< ,,4.<;\!<F#ER 8 rFE#--R t4 $HE=#=# 206fitr\\ L t'lh #L'&imffiilffio)fl= ........28

ir' -- f( 6qi;< -- f < ,,4.< ; f <

F#-aR 30 EFEFE-ER 32 $EE=#=F 34

Unil 0I?;u oz-ae

,' /:-t\ 0/ t'L\

=FffiEffi 37

EEo)H:tryD (l) -idE+ 38f*B

- tr)t'r' ; t' 4 a4 . s rrL. --.AWffiA|-DOE-EF . #<r? (I ) -ffitfr#. ffieH;e. ...... ...40

ffiB r .ftFHz

E Et*o)FEltryD ( I ) -?^;h\E&i o) 42

fiRB

A* t bAF-:EE ............44F'18I ' FdEE2

U f't,tifr'(7 l"IEffitr Eo)Fq:tryD e) -ii9 48

f*B_ 5titt\ - ,r\ _ #L\aL\-EWffiafcDO;EF .tIE (2) -a*=# 50

f*B I 'fiR82

!&ra^xE

A*XWAF.5EE b4F-:ffi I . F.182

Unit 02

"'", '87*12

47

Unil 03;.'ft ex*rs

/]J'L\Ja 0) ltutffi=E# i7

ffiE5r,r'r' c- L\

EHffiAtrcDOffif .#<r? (3) -x;" c) doffiB r .ffi82

E g;to)FdrryD (3)Laz )Q4

-E&. E9. (-<) 6tJ6,/to5),/<n6 ........62#*H r .f*82

A*XWAF.IEE 54P.IEE I ' F.1FE2

Unit 04: 1s*zs

[t2 b Uxlr,f A,

#=E*IH G7

tr E0)Fdtry D (4) -atvztaagaatb ( I ) . .. .... 68

ft*B6*)Dt' J il

EW,frlAfcs,A--#R.tIE (4) -m**Ie.. .... 70

fi*H I .f*82b LF V/'Ut)

E;fr#Or[t''E8==76 (l ) ............72fiFE I 'f*82

a*tbaF.5ffi ............75F.1F-E I ' F.lf,E2

Unit 05i zo-st

?< U *;ataE[t+fifig 7s

tr Eo)FqltryD (5) -;ruc tlta=ag:|u, Q). ....80f*H I

5*)t'r' - r'EffiffiA'-,[email protected] (5) -e= (z) .. .. ...8r

f*B r .i*82b Lr ULA*,

E Ff;Eo)rh'EEZ76 Q) 82

fFBr .f*82.ftFE3

4 Xt*OFH:tryD @)L Zt)|, e u i3

-{F&E9. l*19. + e<) 61J6,/ +rDi,/ <na............. ... ... 84

fiFB I .ilR82

E ttDo)F'lf ............s6F-lffi I ' F.1EE2

<-. L> Zlaihnffit<> ts?,-> =7. e0

@

t

VcEL6lt-fitt.EfdE e,

01-54 fffi l E ........... s2

aHzE ...... t00

TtrJi t- ..... l 07

trai'r, L n/' ,rr,'ji r\ ,! LirsBffi il,ffi o8t4 d l,ttT o iB 4 rf "

L lllL D h'h

1 ) atffiHFd

2) r:$Hoilf;pir

it:A,f:.::gi,l.[:* j :]i: tl,SiirtiFffi*ll#F,.t'.'E##

tlt*!:r',|Fffi

!g,t:'iu,,f\[.g :,

<j"0-120,fi 0-6 0.ft

3)

N1

E/L<l\ &) P-ft/^-JI,FBEOtrf-

fillo6 t! $)"tlEEv.i#El:*jv\(. L €/" ,,r, b :f 5 3

H*re zC- t"o. * L * q aba*ffi+ = e_- z. ;+*a6v.(.

N2

N3

N4

N5

tirJ-L tdlr rrrrli Latr)cht:. 4lAtJr,' a-r."l) 61" t :att, LiiEr, D ,,r, Ii L B;f o iiil ir+ FJ E. Hw

^w a w ffi* FtEo ffi qfisrt rr L t #*n l: q fr4 v t, vl, wa *b,

EL/: Etb. Lrrr* 6"l:4u{j<: E erL <t, tiltuh It drl- L tL bh, i,r, AE H ffi t&ffit:fi i- (fiEE r,''#ffi (". Et * l:iEv. z U - f^ o). * L * 0 a ha A#+ =: litl 4!f A-oj-i Lit:iELR. ,,/.ttr, ll,r. ji L ti 6<t - 7 a mL \ (. ff r)ffi lLt FJ6, HW LW aWffi t Wffi L/: v), * g a iEH Llc D tbatrr'e36.C6Uli(: l! d\L L rfd Bn' ,'t. ,, * ir/rL C t:t.r3EH$rstkffiT. ++Hf&i:ittv.x u- Iro* L * v) oba**t6u.(. ;ro,+t{nt

tr-t'ji Lat.,CL.B2 ,'/.ttD D i,r,tsfiEt&&)tWoWffirsEt bbt< tf tr4ffir3 6.l:6Lri(: E n>L EtJ ,,-rt b ar, jf r, ,,t,EH$tsIkffir. +f lp -, ( D L ffi 5 tLz"*ffiTbiltf. n?frrtilrqiffir. g 6

"z.raV? 4 *b t:6ljrirlr'r,? /ei' <- b tf }'n dt \Ut ,.L,&€<,. HaED r*D. Effi4t6o+<"6 j < HA )rkffir, ug:> ( q;#znanv.'*b (,2ta Llit:i * L

E=6r6lLlJ'. 'Ir*rsffi#.tH*Et6 a Lri-r* 6.

tt:ill:r;:,r'3r r&e',i :r::lll?"!&t :

tr$ffift#.'lr.ffhffii.

,$1.J3L

1 10t\ 6 0ftN.2-" I 0 5rl 5 0h\

J:L

I 0 0rla|"

4011

I0h\ 35,IaAL

7 5h\ s 0tl

28

, €/ttilrtuta $/Ltit\ta4) EEfi*tF"lHft

Il

t"

sl HHoraaur

@,f{> t *H

ilrn&i q! nt(.@Er;[o3 b @58f4.

@SEEE

@ffidtt;t $ fr.@feil;

( l:r-<: 6L/jl'r'l.lJ? o.la lrilli : L al: (3 ti IF,f{F! rr F{Effi R i: Z'F rr ffi # t H 3 ry 0,'c 5 t: 4r1 2 j 6 o rri6 g r.4,'t. L

fi+r 3 Brt.tPfr) "

utFA L$ 3 Llt 3

SBfri:zr3lt(v.6ffi <'*5:. t t}.*.i-. ,$-4 > 1tffij'(H ( a LrrL(' * 6r'aF":1i.

.tf.{/:L' D Lr L' t Letra I ,'l. L

7 + ^

l- 46r. b;6#oHB++dEA L'ri4ffic 3 6 r.Ffi i "

3t Critr,t!.b\, * -C:ria t!. b r!.i-t:( L4 t 7 | t F,ra zlt t, &inffiw t m v \ (. t6uJ rs ## rtriryfr r 3 6 r. a Fd i .L.+rl, t/lh, It. b : (3ri. bi La ri,1,t ( L

F Fd re D o ffi v. #ff & Ef, v. (, t6gJ rs fr$rtriElRr 3 6 r. a Ffr i "

rt/j : .&< .d.a Lr,tri r} ,'< L)3a tt'Ii I i'r'Ed>ar +z h amv\(. E+h.a,ffiffitlL$t. ffieLarrt'. wF/rtwffi

L-e*6r.4P"5).

.Nl, .,N2 '::|\[:$.l: ,, ,,,..fil' ' N'5'r

6 5 6 8 7

I 6 6 7 6: #l13$:: -lJrr.$it,r:.,,g ff[*EEffi:',

: :, ...: . . !. ,. ;. ..-...: .

6 5 3

4 5 5

t(,::li,*,1€fs EF$ffi6 L4 I2 I 8 6zLtt ..ti,N\6 # ,&ffi 4 4

The oudine of the listening test is as follows.

1l Test times

2) Range of scores

Level* [i!!S ]rS:,

f\lt 'v l\[$:' 0 - I20 points 0 - 60 points

3) Summary of linguistic competence required for each level

N1: One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations,

news rePorts, and lectures, spoken at natural speed in a broad vaiety of settings, and is able

to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents comprehensively. One is also able to

understand the details of the presented materials such as the relationships among the people

involved, the logical structures, and the essential points.

N2: One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations and

news rePorts, spoken at nearly natural speed in everyday situations as well as in a broad

variety of settings, and is able to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents. One is

also able to understand the relationships among the people involved and the essential points

of the presented materials.

N3: One is able to listen and comprehend coherent conversations in everyday situations, spoken

at near-natural speed, and is generally able to follow their specific contents as well as grasp

the relationships among the people involved.

N4: One is able to listen and comprehend conversations encountered in daily life and generalh.

follow their contents, provided that they are spoken slowly.

30

Lisxqning,

N1 110 minutes 60 minutes


:,l{$i,' 100 minutes 40 minutes



n

l

N5: One is able to listen and comprehend conversations about topics regulady encountered in

daih, life aod classroom situations, and is able to pick up necessary information from short

c0rlTErsrtions spoken slowly.

l| tpe of test items and numbers of questions

N1 N2 N3,'' 'N4.,. . nl5

I Htsed Gomprehension 6 5 6 8 7

t hrehension of Kev, flrints 7 6 6 I 6

.qhnchercfion of Go*oral' Outtine 6 5 3

fbl Egressions 4 5 5

$runespo"se I4 t2 9 8 6

-fraa Gomprehension 4 4

fltffices of test item types

l@l H+asea Gomprehension: test ability to extract necessary information to resolve specific

hnq md understand appropriate action to take

@)gfatension of Key Points: test ability to narrow down points based on necessary

;m$;rmr*rn presented in advance

r@ihll:bensbn of General Outline: test understanding of speaker's intention and ideas

fuquelltst

(@$hd E4ressions: test ability to select appropriate verbal expressions by listening to

mrmrn*trrces while looking at illustrations

l@ll E Fesponse: test ability to select appropriate responses by listening to short utterances

gm$ esquestions

t@,*ffreO Gomprehension: test understanding of contents through comparison and

ry.o of muhiple information sources by listening to relatively long text

FI

L

I

I

II

ti

3t

[F'+iTHEffig

Wrt4ifr*1M lrT"

r) *itFlFrl

illF-ifrH

o - rzo4l o - ao4|

3) +friLEffif;

N1 EVWsfr ffi- Mth A + EH EB Hq EFx{ifr . ff E E i#tr Ft d, j+frwffi i T IAXru ^

6.frth

^+tn

ffi XAU&-\ trW)Yffiffi fix+, ++EtH.

T && E H brr A, frj H&- ffin # efrEVi ffi&[E Hi€E H! tr F xf i6& #i tH, rE ffi t T xA Y, frLrr

^+tnffi XA, f HEt.e.:"

& n H % A +, AYW nn lfrt*fiE H' iFE f!, @+fr fr ]h

^+,n

XA& Ft H! E E x{i6, f$effixfifiHlFtrtr6"

fr?W r\tfr +fri*i8ffi ,|FHE E H'+i6"

xf T lR € f fl 9 )L+ E H th A + ffi E :ElryIilft! E zJ' xf ifr , fr?W nfi ,lfrH,Z,q H! {H,H. .

N3

N4

N5

r ro i:\ soh

.,@] tos 4i so 4|

roo 4) sohrtlt:r:..:.i.

N{:, so 4| zs 4l

zsh zo ii

32

,:FlI

T 6 5 6 8 7

nI 6 6 7 6

6 5 3

:{ 4 5 5

L4 T2 9 8 6

4 4

1) f Efi*il*r

$ IEilItH

@ ffiEI : ft {F lojffi , ffi H lilf,EqF*B, A + +tttjt[ffi frl'fH,H. "

@ mEt :,!t #ffi ttgffi inifr H!ffi Kfr+d*.

@rt3t: €ffi81, ffi,tiVd,ifrEE , )h#Artt1fr1fr"

@ nftnC = W#€,ffif,-jfr , )$f+AtrF!x{6.

@rffit|l : ffiFKF!- W:ffi , L?f:lyrh\tft *+tr- 8., rLffi*Jtr "

I

t;?.

H

*

33

8"=ll Al:d9 :He.

dal rlHg 4.qE El+r+ a+q4.

1) ^l:d ^14

2) =EE

Et+t

o-1204 0-60d

3) EllE e!€el 7l=

N1: *H9 zlE.il^l zl€^qs +Eg a4€ plEl+ +i^ zJg€ E_r., oJolzlg EFr+.]l+, F+'JE9 +zl+'I+g E4 +c F€ tdlal "l"1612rf .qzl€ +Eg + 9ltri.

N2: 9dF4"J arEB"J ol4zl +Hg zltrql^JElr+ +iaE Ez, ololzlg 6€oj+.]l+.+ 9lEl.

N3: "Jt4ql *Eql^.] 4a zlg:zlS +Eg"J Lll+€ F+"J€9 +41 Fg C46lE^l

N4: oJt4oJ *Eql^-l trlA da6l ololzlslE

N5: -n{o14 41tr F, .J"JCg +ql^lE z}+Elf+E gs+ CH€ =g + 9iEl.

€ + gleB zl€âls +Eg c49 El

Fal"J€g +ZlE ol;llalzl4 -qzl= rlqlg

C49 E*9 Ei+€ Er ololTlg +414zl9 oldlg + tEl.

slEl4tr'rl+g Z9 ol;Ig + 9lE}.

++= altrql^l dd6l ololzlq= 3tre q

110 B 608: :,

!*2. 105 E 50e

100 e 408

90e a- llJO ;r

-- t)/J-r 308

3a

::ir$g,,:.

6 5 6 8 n

7 6 6 7 6

6 5 J

,,,.4: 4 5 5

t4 t2 9 8 6

4 4

I

I

F

;

5I EIilE EE

@4{ old: *414'J +41 a}aql gs+ CH= 9o}El, E}+"I

*4= oldle f iltszl€ E=4.

@gge olall: ^}d"il 4l^lg "il+g =48.$o|, EoJE= c6lqE+-

+E€ 6t= 'Zl"l 4€

EdAAIL')=ELaz I -ÂL-'l z EL

@ne. olfl; 4:-e d4lE+El slzl9 9E+ ++ Fg oldle f glEzl€ tr=4.

@gif Efl: "J44E= Btr^l *+ €€g =j1

4€+ ggl= dq'J f gl*xl€ E=4_

@rF.ll| =Ef

: 4E F9 *e *s}E E]l 4€+ *Bg dqe f *tsxl€ E=tr}.

@Ctold: Z! 4Ê= Ei1 ++9 CsE ull.$*rlE^l Lll+g ol6llg f 9tszl€BFET.

35

'{t SPft iF 0) #T . filtfz6 t**, h t, ) CI

^ t efi I' fz t ) +Eit\ P 7 l'r' / \ -f : ?,?

Ecfc! t,/s7f |. ?8 E UtrtrtLl#:r,;Etl.l\Ztti*b<l \*f . t--#ffiIe

g+-t l*. fEt \Ffr ,) E,/'S /et€# A ffi 3 ry U . eAEa 6 t TT 6 Z t 6,8 l-, <tJ h'

7 E ^

6 h' t ) h\ &F.tJ6 l"1EE T -f "

At work and in our daily lives, we decide what we need to do next by talking to the

people around us and obtaining instructions and advice. In Task-based Comprehensionh r:\ \ ,t-iRftEJTE4'l, you can measure your ability to extract the required information from a

short conversation and your ability to choose the appropriate action correctly.

{t{tlC tff.f[,Li{.F, H'=,(FHEJE; '.iti5. ((5rJ^l[+ifrft]l?.Lr"rl€il. iq'il8- r ffi i lel4+a S'H " " i4 F4'E,q+ " nft Etf iltl i** eU 6,t{.1Rffi fi! 'Fi ift e u,f 'E't' + A\ E.4, irFii*ifr trfr8w4wfr86fr'rt\)&l+.

"Jol+ ^8Ff +.rl^l +zrEg +E {t*=4 "J5l'l+ ,l^l+;to br ord'J Lr

€-"11 o11dF "j "J€- A!61--a oJ#Llrl.'il*ll ol"-,1 r i :]* "l"F'5|+F] +9-"J

X{= *ol-Er. slE},1-€rkl- sorl g "Jg gEf =Ar !qg -: o.,1.=.: ;36}=E4l"JLl+.

EOFq:8ry td U) ^.,'ffi#

: : rrr,iTE#r nlaffi < ffiga Lt-l-, fff L *, : L lroeDFaiiiffi-r alca\rt=l klir/.o /c 4. ffL+f <t6l:eD13. i-11*1'tta67: I A,) tt=/s->/:0 Li.t"(prl> Err.^.6 [*ra DJ * lie&re DJ

Ertt*.bb l?A,re4>oJ - l?A,rs$ A,)

[c*arrv.-] * f">*.A*wl

In this section, you will practice hearing WE I /" ) (the sound of the kana "n"). When speaking, [.tJis inserted in order to emphasize the meaning of an ercpression or to replace tli or I fr by I h ) for

ease ofpronunciation.

ftErTtffiE+!,+F.nX "t-".

qTlql^.i= gg (t#B) l/-J g == €+g -Jq+. "Je q +qg g"lE ,J4i;l7l +16l

ol t-A,lol EqTlTlE 6.1r, EJ6l7l €Zl 6lzl g6lq r-flr+ 7€g gol l-rjol gzls.Elqq.

affi *r5eh'EL?.} *5er,C DAFir\(. Err{b??!\ 6 tZ6I=6651s \(. ffr; TttzEtEr,r( ( /i'd t,r"tr

(frU) E ot>fi'bTto( 6 t"-rr Dtla" Js&rr D

( 1 ) fi/sfrf r7r /:-" fr>tL. hi#rFo'fi. /rt: b lrv."

Ith(2) <0+6, <ot. * t: L<tiv.<.t:(3) lrl:/.4*/et.ts&)"

(4) Zao)t abrrl < bi't>/rLr,Ltlia.bl:L(5) ?l,taa l)+ levrI" 6 a LffiLv\oo

&rb r\(6) Lt Dv.nF/eO('. /lx('ti < J, L L/cI"t\i tih,

Q) A: XD+/jr.b ->T, ?A,razl'-t I i L< !

3>c

B : /j-,1'. Svr&/j6O.6 /.ljt' rf/"rfn(8) i - /u, :omffi. +*t>tt't2fgtt]-..s&).

(9) ?/'tsl:/c ( AZ"A-rb/u/rvr&"JrZ ltt(f0) BiBD13{vro Fi.c/:fa.

39

6r)z)'t,t

ffiffiAfc[>0) 'tIE, (1) /

E+ffii:tJ. Ff, . Z6Et#l*#;B (FJ ,'H o>Eo [:r-u:j"r:J)5 Ll,r -Atf#tr;+ (fiJ : €Fit*a < ( [v.6v.6] th) zJ:tc< E /-bv)

3 I < &t"/L(v)6 Ar, t)rt'A LEfljrf.

t' h/L t 5 trr r'ffEE;E.MffiFE

:. L\=tE-E-=rIr-rtrF:ft

P, ^PVJaffi+*f. {.il:ffif L

In Japanese, we have many #t*ffi (onomatopoeic words) which represent sounds that we hear (e.g.

[:f 11:tI]J for a rumble of thunder) and ffi,EQE* (mimetic words) which represent the way people

and things are (e.g. the state ef [v I I tr: 6 ] because the train doesn't come). These are usefirl to know

because they are often used in conversation.

fr iE +,H \P? tHP)F E tu1 " ilF id " ( ir tz\ 8 F ffi " :r E :1" rl " ), #7F ÊT+hffi

fi * H! " fl/*id " ( lrH+BE7F* +t+E H.W ffi "[ v. [ 1' t, Jt a" ) " 84id tr iE + HlF-tw*,+ffi tr&HE* *tpfi tr "

"Je.olql= fl.il 54= +g +4,1= gcq ( d : dEl4q r+= = (:rEl:fI] )r ) e+ ^l+ol+ ^lgg s+g +Ell-ll= g Eil"l ( 9l : d;lzl llxl g:ol^.1 iql€+€ ( vr f r,r 6 )r *;14 )

7l *ol 9+q4. +"1 "Jg "l zli rl*9 oe "Jj1 ilgE €4'Jqr+.

f,

et(ffr)

(r)

(2)

(3)

{."t)

{5)

(6)

nrffirr ( ) h,bnrx"r. tt,{ r,' IitL

4& /rirH FnA i ,. D, ffiri (

ia L 8t; rlln-6fr b/evt$o)\I. (

,.sAr.Lt* L/:i'" ( )

) i:rs-r(3/:"7/

) E,biL<. !\ffiu /:",'< r:A6E=RL< ( /j 3v.*a"

.:#!2-.

gr o

" I661Lr(.

A"T</i'dur"

.E,L'>/:

braI e *'f (Fatrrv'ilI o-4.b6lrvr

I e.€.v.rI e/:<3i,

L,/-lfr.] C,L.HilL/:

@ |nftzl';b bv'

6/:l t.t@ eGriffiv\

@brt'Dl:(v.@ lrA'lsT

tt@ frfr.i:

t:0)

@ +U/-fa

@ J:'-/ei.irpr.1fpr/j

*{, b6@ fiI$6/rHv.

o4rC lrL

@ ffiH tzl'If (OLD

@ -AfchE4

@ Hv\/:

.ir4 t, z' $ct <Z t5 4h'

et(nl i

illt i(2| I

(3r I

({} [

(5t I

3 h' L\a.:-,.;;,',,;..t;, g 9f ffitt(. ( ) C; Ltfa=t\(< /:'{r,r" HE*zSrtrh'6lg,,i$|€f,t

13 6r, u Lr t-.'' . r\teA{*. #*Tffid* L x5"

"t o r.6i:tli$i athaaEt*-B+ ( abab ) L<#st"->aL*.i"

?0><cti,-tl:b. Fv.7rt- Fl: 1

o : uottldlz$Lo)+ffir ( ) L(v.*f"

) <"f r"

4t

**o) Fqt Bry U ( 1 ) -H#i,Uhff c r I

EAEF(ii. lfiLo+l [*irv. tsft) aJ i i:. ZorHiao>nrcZrH#t6tii-f a;+LriLr(ti?

ffbv) *f" : tLtt@ffiFn:c 6lElDr. tfirrq -/:E) t:'itA,AA^\6 ffiry-l aI i l:'f€v.*f. rfr.6. [H.&o t Stt:.W+t#.i-< ( /iEc /:fr,4) aJ)raDLF.v,W'l#t2gf rr*. l-H&o L 3 i:&+a #.2< < /:'a = /:l iilrr afi',lAbrHllr,&ldiffiarr..ftl&.*rmr.av. L *;i. rl *-rt/,. * /:. tffiHI oFJo>& i i:. ,Btiiffir+l.hXi#ffi*'

bb.Lba t)t'r" i.o.z: v tra'ii'r,Adffirabytififl.fifrB, :z:v l.02ritffi<f*BtL*.Lri"

InJapanese,weputmodifiersbeforenounssuchas lfiLa+),Itir-v./rlE] .Thisisalsothecase

fot MffiFf (modifring clauses) such as lflirHa /:4] , taitraA-i bttf-).Therefore, in longer

modifring clauses such as 1Bffi.0> L * tt.W+t#.2< ( /j 3 c /:ft41 , we can't identify if tHiiat3t:&+t#.i<(/iSc/:lisasentenceoramodif,ingclausethatmodifiesthenoununtil

we hear the end of the sentence. As shown in the examples in the Exercises t $X B I , a modi$ring

clause can contain another modi$ring clause. In this Unit, you will practice reading sentences with

modifying clauses and in Unit 2 you will practice listening to them.

H iE + I* " tL o +" " * tvv' rs lE" Bt+, E -,!-b AEI U H tr trAffi IE ffi trrq. E t+&A- e tAtH

EIUI&friEIqtfrEiA, Ftlts, "tLrtrH.->/:4" ". tt/,A€-\ bfr.tJfr". Wtft, l^ "Ht*.a L 3l:ff+ t #. z < ( /i I c /: 9E E' ts++, ffi a+iK tv tft Ei^ tu1 id4l",Z^nfi T\Fvtr, #i4f[ €trE -a im " H&.arcryryt#.z< ( /:'F '" /c", [€H*Mrfrtrffitrta1FlEiE" fr^, E J?frZl fr16tJEJ+ , Hfr\ Et + n FiE + tr € € i€ " # tuL2*, 2 i* .df+ tu1 6t +, 4n oz tfr 4 Fn .d.t+ fr\ Et + "

dJeq"ll^l= ltLa)+) [*fuv.rrlEj e]'J"l B^t *q:7 B^]€ +46]= "Jol gl+qE].ol= +4€ql^lE pl<lzlzl=. lfiirHc/cAl t;ril"aA^r6*!xJ 4 zJ"i #L]4. :7/]''ElBtfr.aLSriw+t#.z< (/:3c/eft,+.) 4 rJol 4* 7J +4€ql^J=, tHita;L*i:ft+t#.2< ( fi6: /:) zl * E*oJzl gg B^l +^l€"Jrl ulzlr,]zlz] Ezl 9+9tr g + S+q4. E*, t€+r 9 qEql^Jzl=J +^lA oJql irl€"1 gl= a+E *+q+. Unit 01 9lr.l

= +.1€"1 gl= Eelg gl= g+, unit 02 ql^]= == €+g EI^]4.

EL J E)I'LLD)LJ( # IJ?d,LI

*.tffil:-T. e=AfgEftfrfrr6zttfEl l6Eit\(. Znt#EAL(t\6 t z67I

E_Ad1lt(( t'dut.l: 0L * J'< ht:L

Et-' Kf "r (v.6nir#(v.6mtt. d,rrr+I-4 v L/clE a>ltf"

ILE IIL } O} L

#E E l-ltb? : fA&;d A,Au\ A )u& fr-( vr * f i'"

. |iln €"r/cv.6 Of.ffi.hf:1rr $ O. bza ?

* &) , 4$ lir.\:T * /: c r,1.. = - L --E^& fr,a)Eir.l.z /:"

a (i a<L l,' ,'la *J lf Lrr vaE < dlrsll Lv.&/jll L. dLAH i fj#6lsvr f. E ( l#FJf {> /av."

L]6t'

OL ltli! tt. L a ri L :! l*/J

clc)ultiffivr(vr 6*1|.,'afro (, v\ cL x l3f 6tt$l:u v.(ff L/:"

43

*Le>aF,lffi

;R€4ffiHEomru|t. 'IToiB

4 rf"Vr,trio fiir,ilHtrHrdlIaHt<.

@ EilFjdft(r'6#ffinh (x++ i -z t ) tarshtbtj€nfl<.@ € i-trgFtr6Eflur(. F€fiitio:++5E€i*+lr* Enti B,si,

:o t* LEa)FdE-J clr. #Fe&ffirHffia. HHl.;tru'trrd,<ffiBa L* Lr i.*f. CD 2ffivr(FdE t t&r'<a( < /:-fl v:o c3'ox- )Ez? t) 71. L L y hrr

t u'ar'' Lb9 *f i.6. M*fiazy tcrt,h-* L r a " zab L. p"5Ez <'-. *Hl:FdEaErv.<Jri. L r i.

Task-based Comprehension (-#84ffi) Exercises should be done according to the following steps. 1.

Listen to the explanation and the questionl 2. Listen to the conversation while looking at options (text

or illustrations); 3. Listen to the question once more and choose tlle best answer from the list. Practice

doing Task-based Comprehension ( -# Fg W M ) Exercises in a style close to that of the actual test

with the End-of-unit Exercises (* L EoPf,FE). First,listen to the CD and do Exercise 1(F{FE 1).

There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips on finding the answer. Next,

answer the questions in Exercise 2fffrW2).

f{tr4ffi tr+ ffi tr ft,lffiEjtEl?ln -r .

Oryfinii,BEfflfEtlt.

@-ia€ifr?S-LFtEf+4 (t?EXzrHtr), -i2ry*8.@Fry-EfE hl, rl.r6f+rF +)e-+FAtr F!6+.1#tr€l 41r!nEfrU14i*-f+iFt " E#t*4" . EltEfi cD fiF\tfr4 r" &T-FEi{FE*E

Fll?frffiF4&R+ftrs, iEji+>l€Effiffi#J5 , %trffi*4fr4 z"

+4 ol dll Ed I EEg 4+r+ A+q 4 .

O t+ €€Er+ aEEg E=El.

@ .J4Ell gts riqzl ( Ezl4 oJalle ) E Htr^.1 +Eg ==tr}.

CI r+^l * H e+Eg Er dqrl 6ql^l 7l+ 4€+ Bg _r=4.ol r€4 E4lr oil^]* 441 oldllg E.4l= d41.il Tlvl+ €qi-e += €+g -J^14. +d

CD E =i1

E4l 1g €{ u-4,t19. 4+ qlol,zlq ^rB

Ee+ 6JEzl 9l o oE Enl €olg -S

€g +E6J^14. :49 , i:412 ql^l d4E El]l= Eq B^lq.

d$trBn

3- ff,l TrrEi < ?a!r, tf

4- f,E#iBi (c

6Lt:t\ t.tJL g Bfl/ I t,tt;OHHr{I, :f fElF"l6Hr,\(< t'dr,r" ?nfi'b;66p6r,r?. T0)1f 5 4A+fi'5, fr€ir\60)A-cit6lvT< /j d!\"

E,L I

45

M

ffir(z

F

M

*,D ^ttEa

1-> L./t'i-* f 7).,

bLtt Ut <j"t,t" HtJ bt/J UL, *a^t,EtrriffiL(vr *t" f-DLttL"4)L.rt'*-*fi."

]dhLbi ,'ba, JEfrabb<.Hc/: (:ir. 6 i atrflel +( Lt, ("""o

t i /"Jt] bt:tt

? futtF L;Ra6'v. * t/,. f Cl:ffi Lv. 6 oL btr

L *o'E( CI lr ZL * f. lEl D {) OrI 4 Lv.("fit.ZZ,

" i rf ia"

r,6->leaTtta"

""" &>, : ia, CHfr lti/s/1'

iZ, *raaEl:l.", /:tl'i. vl o>OffiLvErf. abe>rctrEv.*fi..* *rv''f f ia" L"i L i i rt,ta" &>, a ot'tf4/$v.v.lrb" &)oi. @igaf+f 4>a;irot rt'2-a$ vrvrA,(.f /."tlv.. tl.:: i rf. &ff*ri$; t"ao>&E,a,

,'i? h'i! L I*6tiAA *"'iE L-f bi'*:ttAv. v. t /j 3 * f ,r.? ) Ttlt," ......@+ ->trf.0, Za'6.a6 o Li.,i-( ( /i3v.,,.L:*4*L/c"

M

M

1.

2.

3.

IED(ar.4 bht&i:Bi ( z

4rr7+f 4 TrrrE j 1"ch L/t 6rr

6A.t:L\ t2th Zi O)F"lFET{I. * f HF"l A h:t \( ( t' d r,'.t&b' $ct Ue

t h'6 4A+ft'b. F€Jr\60)A-cit5/1"7< /j {rr.

[email protected]|;teD->txEl lffiLt\trJ L. ec?rr(#L(r\*f.They ue talking about colors such ff [ffit:ar.2/:€,.1 and lffLt,.ts,] .

"ffi I./e /t' - t:8 " # Lv'6", .**El^trfr&. "

lffil:/rrt'2/:&,1 t#Lv.€l 4a 4gq1 11;1r1

"J6li1 ""t+q4.@...

7 t 4 > htEa < ) l.'f 6 D t a Tr'+ Z< t\ *'r"She is wondering if she is going to choose shoes of a

different style.

traEF-trg.tft-e{t+atEF!#"q4"J"l += ++E grl qgzl c46ln 9l+qrl-

@...

lf :ldUl htrF4 2 l.T-{ " lth'aiV4 >A < ) Eh\ Z6 Z Z. 8# Z* I'fcht. &)EA12|,=6 tcT I ZOtrObA I tE:(tt*t"The key is [{'c if D ]. She thinls about choosing

shoes of a difierent style, but then she re-thinks her

decision, and, in the end, says I io&aL>a) , refer-

ring to the first shoes.

"{' c rJ D " EE.fi " ii'ifr/l]!,aBd46g.& ^HE *,

QlrA" "

[*,:lf D ] 7] s"Jtr"Jq+.4= qr]S19 ++e]tsl+= aE c4*zl"J, += 4?g 7i.e 501e+

^l f .o&.0)$o) I zljz "J6lr g+q4.

ELI z lB&t Z LI:

Znh'5;EAFq:r\(. To)

4. fE&rrlEi ( u

U $A r'rh h'

Efta i ?,(",t&ffi i2. tls0aabt&'fr<

,'L'L " ()t <t" b

*1I0> )vt:E#tt bt'}| ifLr 6t'tA {, LoWFfit:Rt

3.

4.

uEz-t

E HE;E0) + T t*. fH+o)ft*+b p*tr XE l,( Fql 3 fl : fcr), fc < A LO€+FO+D b,Z'9.ze{:o€ryU,H ,r;l L<t\*f " l*4 > l'.IEfi4J,i("t*.

z a & ) lsld 3 fi hrT 3 6 h' t a rt, E;H1J, ) *T " N 3 T r*. Efr L +O;ii,H"E H A Efl 3 ry Zffrffit)r eet \ T A"

In our dail'r' lives, we listen to and correctly interpret people's feelings and intentions

rs u'ell as extracting pertinent points from large amounrs of information. In

Comprehension of Key Points [,$4 7 l.]8ffi1 , you can measure your ability to listen

::r the above manner. In N3, there are a number of questions for which you will need to

":nderstand the speaker's feelings and the reasons behind what they are saying.

- _ T -= i -.' i. . Jt fi I H 4',; E t Ffa rEffi {,J .T F!,t,ts {F H tr, /^'Ra, I j .i. # nfr H E E

= -' = = . - €.* ryft4 " l.di € illrl irt €f + ftYh fi1. Ni +, 6 4W4 ffiH 4 :RD i{A F,f t#ii.i*'

-j. -:;' --?E.

:_ r'- {.i!} Eort^re arr}19 ?1tsolLJ gEE 3u}= rtl g.tF4+, "*g d-S +ql..'::= r 'l lL o .- d*l -'.t

e-l E,'*l I

:: - .: ;l 4-q r:1,rlI gl;LlLi. .g,"JE ol arl , qi ^l =

ol cl 6J E-ltl /ltsdJ (l:-:r.'- 3 (r6Lr rrL N 3'll^l= sl+9 g€ol+ ol+E gofE= B*llll- "*+q.- : r c H-r*t.

=-

z<8LEOTdSIilIO Q) ^,{EE

Z<Ah llitri[c] r*< l-'fE#l Affi< ffiHA L*t" #'f L *.: LtfoHDfrAffiffif 6icrbt=f clir.l,c fc 0, Ilft,q)Eir [-] tri$t> -> /: 0 Lg 1'" fr vrtt 6 0>/:AI:Et1:41r - r-,6 L*f.(ffij) Brrl6 [v.:gl + [v.acbJ

Ertt*.b2" f::r.6_J *[Lci.bJ

Inthissection,youwillpracticel-'fEElwhicharewrittenwith[aJ .Whenspeaking,[aJt

inserted in order to emphasize the meaning of an expression or to replace another sound. Some

words are changed for ease ofpronunciation.

tfr.ZlfilBF "c". ii,ifrFj, €BfXTSEjE*+i6liF, +tFt{Eg "->" , fr,#^HEffiE4,ll, "o" "

'HW h ( kE rt {FU.+ U+,E,F. "

[-l 41 2l= r+*({E*)r g ==

g+g'Jq4.'J6J 4 +q9 9}']3 7t76l7l +16}"1

loJ zl =q7lrA+

4E. €-ol lol E d6]7lE'Jq4. 'J6]71 +Zl 6]ejjr gol E6]7lE *q4.

A re :::T::. H':''&t,2--|,\6z,Z6r:ffia#1.,'r. #; zt#t#

,rt(fl) *roffior'+, L<6*:v.Lv.&/i"t(" L z({>

(r)

EN

(3I

(41

(51

[6]

(?l

(rl(s)

(r0)

ZOTfi- l', f a'( /rf,lt7rt7ro

f,a ( L. t-l aA:EtJH#08-t1'l4vr(', Hi\("f c <atLlf ?

l+tt. ba&.t.- * 4 f&&Tv./c? jli.atr*Aa, th,tiE*< (. EfL( b /-/a.

9iEL Si-rr( 7)'1.ao)i. ts.LL*+At:fizl:.G rat( * i''

ft I LiL.ft. E;r. b*/:A ?

E,i.r.6 bDtP * f DO ( |t7rfr/rfr r

/li$i <z< bffib i fi'"

A. #S" +ttq iilsbu /c"

l

l

rE

49

6 tih'u' fJL r

ffitrflOfca>A trF,Q) .-,r{

6 L 6 LflElffir:-/:i L tl'rrF4;f l: ts-.,c4rat fl!:il;*l LrytN*-f fffi=*uffi

< ). +ffii.blFbttlcc- LIJ'ii/: <e/-b r] *frr. ASbHR6. 6 L aaLlJ'r.t,E b "c ( L * c ( v. b a t g:?4 v' T -f . C D a,fFJEl 6 Efl v \ (. g 2 ffi v: (.c.imrrb r. 6 ji l:gg L( ( t-3v..

ttl'Xffil (loanwords) refers to words which were originally foreign words that have become

part of Japanese (these do not include Kango (words of Chinese origin). There are many words

of English origin, but many of them differ from the original words both in pronunciation and in

meaning. Listen to the CD a number of times, and practice listening to the sounds of the words

in order to identify their meanings straight away.

IRftfttfi9fr\-,}-lidirArtEliFtrrll "rl*'#" (ixi€irlhfl'). H1W*iAIRAEjEiE, ItrEXhE

iE tl *iE D) tr, E€ f r H,E #FT lE TtrX fr\ rd " F eEfi cD tfr n, H Fl f Efl EngtEfi4HB "

g4l e.l+qH'l 'J"l "Jts"lzl € 49 194"lr 4-z PE'LI4 ( aJzlq=. 4lel++). €qql

^l 'JEqd 'Jol g.ol glzl"J, *gE 9"lE 949 "J4= Fgq4 4+71g#qu}. CD€

qEld =q^.1

, €.9 E_r 9"lE .J + gjE+ €+6ld^le.

:. L\=--A-=4!

lE-l .trEt5t,t ;.Tr7=tt./NtrF

trE1

ffiLr. (

g9ffqlrr(. (tt6t\ D L"t tat\f86{*, #Cfffid*L*i.

Liir'L't 2.tt- ) tfrfl'lYL*f.

) {:; t rf t#v,< < t'd u'. #pftrrb fi, b rs

E#aL*ar

ffiia /: L 3.i. a.-l'EIl_- {

2

i3

i4l :,f)

_ -a!._

,, 5l t,'21, tr tf(. (

(

ii^.tlt'fr,+fi\ (

a,ft l-r. rOT.

it I- r rot,:4

{t I- I ro-r.

:l:) r,:6-26Y, (

)t(

9x:i if Lr ,\ffiTt o>tkilit4.i-/:i):-) rr

Baiir,:Ii < at trD/:t::i Lt' ,'ffiTtt 6 E &*.i-/:

) ir6 bi-*.t"

) L(a/:v."

Â*ji) 0:ov.<. rutAL* L/:"

) u< < /:'3v.* L/:"n2Ea :r r'ifrfilr,:>ItlL(v.6 "

Jgrlilil)tr

,\i/L t\ /' $tt aat) bh,

E2 C D Afq:t\(. I0)H[*L t(f €iEg fs*:@tCh' 5@O+t' b Z6/LT < t'd ur.

o:t:. I.h, ll/JL 3i ! I l6eblF*t:ffi6ffiv./:d;t:' - ' r' L:'L /:0)

2_ H&rsltsXt:ftSA*Fl"/j- o:r,:' 3: i' Tl-t)O tr&rslE4tr=F.ffi&zJ'Il:-:

"-:.:'( C il/t: o;JEtrBHfri./.6i_h 9 -)

: o-FlElt &irv.6.-:,;,( h't): oFtEttij#iri'/.6

'rI

t:-J

':at

IL

rLLillr t

'D rii il

5l

(s) t I ehifruH#. Hiri'1.&.rort'o)ti x 3 i\*i, t.i,!li ,'

@ ffik ..J'ftit. EIJ*.rrA.h -: fc

'o)Ur 8r.t/, L0 A ,'

@ {E4lrFiE, il[DFrr*.b c tc

(4) t

(5) t

rt't-tr l.(t. Vrrl, 4Ut

O A#tr7ft L(v./:HH r \ffi/t'->tc,lt.s t<t,' ur'/" ttij

@ A#ll+tL(v'/:HHI DF< lt lt,-s/z,'t.$ j-rrr ut)'L s

@ A#fJ?tL(v'/cHffi6 r i L"-eKir.a /:

AlJi D$*ri B:<o trrbL(. l€*[:E*tJL<Lt ->tc

A lJ, tisili t\@ FLh L(. E+1"ft11'is7'-7.

hltl Ue{ri } r)r=.t) .@ trrf L(. {g#rr*St, cle b L l:$ft1:9v.7.

52

g xlto)FqlsryU e) -Hlrai#;Hd Czl

f;E c DAFq:t\(. HE*rrAi $otLbhT( /jdt,t.

(fi|) t 3 I C ): r5/-ii4EAlr( L/:"

a v -aa,l*H!4 &rs 1L/:"I )= raz-.,l*HHtL-;/:.

{r} i

(2il [

ffi3,0 [

fr(tili I

ffismr I

ffiif,flr I

i,':1. t'6)l EL L 6

e fl.1* ffi o+tEla'6 l: fr>trf /e"'.'si. ,/:L l*L L 6t W ttttâ+t Elit, tr: brf /c.r€-;l ltj" ,'g 4 tr+aHa /:"ilitt' ,'t ft,+ttYff- 16$vr/:".€/!ii(. r.6 D t

2 fr,+.ttL,t- F A 6 a -F,iftA,ra"t.':- 1..6 L' *

3 Atr L,ri- F a 6 a -qffi/-li":r( Pif e, t

3 fj*fl /-lt lll E 3 l" l:Av' i3*/:"Z bEFA,lJv.f&zJ'->/e"

?=r t?( 6 r'

3 um 3 /-tJfiE8 l"l:Av.l?Tt->/e"i i:i t't' t :i

3 tr€tiA=#('El-: /:..; !;: ?* /j litjg trFlrilJ E 3 A, [3Efi Li.lllc"

+t: n't.f V2{/\3 um 3 i,rJAffi("HH L/:.

Ft- ir<tr. Li Lj ,'1 alr Lra 0 a, ,

â++.tt.fr*B&H L/:.

,r<.tlt' n/:L L L j h'i2 t ts9 ar

= zoY+.rrf*f:fr++twt-/:"

rt- ,J< ttti L j h'L3 Elr t t0 a, ,

â++.t&fr*B&iE L/:"

<{: ,l L €

3 t > 5 i,ltElr' b *.'H+Af.+z ( 3 /:"<{: ,. L 6I +2. 5 A,ttElr. 6 *j++A++.r ( 3 /:"

n'L3 +l, F A,tt'rr v 3 /,i:*j++a a*tf b

")- ;rZ llt'

oiDr. z i9 ZaVa |J66ts#,tftete

"13 i tit lfr.'

3 fi*lf#olbl=L2/."

ffilTilr I

53

*LetoF"lffi,f'4 > l. IgffiFfiEoift;/Lil, U,TOE q ac-f

"Urit*iO fitt-EHEEX LHFfiXU H: < "@,r"-xd)Fprr:. i*iin[a;nc.

tluf;( L

@ EtRffiA-H,Arr56IArd<,@ € 5 -trHF6r6Fq:r\2. fffiin*io>+rr'BF€iEtJl/s Eztz B,si'.

./) [* L EoFdFE_] rri. >t4 / t rgffior"5FEa. EHI:;6 v'y,,a&< $FH t ut ur ). *f. CD amv.(F{EE t&64v'<h< < /jeL\o ?8a;^<- rtt.+r't) jl tu>trt:;a0*trt,b, fu*fia3yt-fi\^*Lr ). <o>&>&. FdFEzr. Effil:pfiE

Ltffiv'<^*Lri"Comprehension of Key Points (ff4 > I'&M). Exercises should be done according to the following

steps: 1. Listen to the explanation and the question; 2. Read the multiple choice options during the

pause; 3. Listen to the conversation while looking at the choices; 4. Listen to the question once more

and choose the best answer from the list. Practice doing Comprehension of Key Points (,t4 y l.IE

ffi) Exercises in a style close to that of the actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises ( * L Ea;Fd€).

First, listen to the CD and do Exercise 1 ( PdE 1 ). There are transcripts and hints on the following

page to give you tips on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 (Pfrffi2).

E,fr}Effia+trH F!EAJ|F]?fuT"

Ory,ft7X,iH,BEfrtEtlt.

@*B'f++FHl'Hli*ET+4.

@-EEr{6tH!it1+IF, -i!ry*B.@E ry-EfE I "1, /dit++lF + r$-+trAtr Ft6+ "

IHE EtÂrEEEACh4lA-f+iFt " ,84tfr4" . EJi"EIi cD ffiErfrZ r" T-F€i{ft4H!*By+rtEffiEE&R+Fm, Eil+Z€ffiffiffiWr5 , f*trffitrt*n z.

s.oJE "l6I E4g 6Eg 4+r+ a+q4.O tl+ €EEr+ AEE9 E=4.@ .Jrl cxl;l=. F"J"I d4zlE 3l=4.@ dqzlE HE^] EEg E=+.@ trl^l + d 4EEg El d4zl +ql^l 7l* 4€* Elg r.=+.ol rc4 E4L .il^13 s.tE ol6119 E4l= d4ql zl,tlx €4=. += €+g -J^14. +d

CD E =7 +41 1g €iq Hd^19. +* qlolrl"l ^rBEe+

sl=71 glgo=. Eril +olg a

€g tlE"J^]4. r4* , F.4lz ql^.1 dnlE E4lE Eq B^1tr}.

FilE 1 t#,/l-T< /;'8t\. FHt;E+F":hrf t'lst. Znh',5;*Afq:L'f . lo r

6Lf:t\ La$A. E

- 0)F'1FET[1. * f HF": 6Fqlt, t( ( t' { t, t.J f ch,L

zafr, t. YFatnf;( rt,

6AL A Lr.

EZI

1&fr' $.t OtlI 6 4 A+h'6. E€ Jr\€0)6-c )t 6 A"T < /-- 6 u\"

$ctteh'

t.2.

3.

*; -' F:i

*&t trD /ti'-> /:rt'bael :': "'= J Lf 0)îr#ffit 6: L i: la o fez|'Ntfi: li O: :;- lio:,lL* iit (.|

ffifi L LO#ffi*rrE D B t: rs.lert, b&i i. c ^'-:;-"-Z A't)

4 - lEAo)sG*t:iiarrrt\-lr\brt\ b

I.l;l,tL}

Itt'f

I1I a'll'-.(F

fFIt

r+

lpF

rl

M

4L: U L hhtt t.f : li lr hLtt U LnDLL.h,a^t)tffiL(vr t?. f|ai\t*L.i LkDTtrt'"

:-lvtl2t.. ?f L I r:i r\

+E X, ffJ*tW.<ffiftrf.t1< l"C L J ?t\

D.?i ( A,ti">rJ ?t:.

&>b" Xtrt, <tL, fivl.tr?ts -> t, p -> /:a"Z? eftaAWZutart,->t:?@ei ur av.arrr r', HX*rHl J#*&-r aaL0:tt->To

It':ltLt 0 r:a n'5

@f${6rt L fft1Tir6/r. 6 <, .; /: oi..a. oElaEHj o" ( 6. fi1.$1u. a 6p

,' Lr J: i t,',i! t. r'i)t H. - fe 0, *EWtr:T-r - /: 0, t:1fr,v, t &>Lf,'r?

/:0....... @Js-dijil"rabttl.ra" * a, ffiqiw*.f:ttrf bfi't."

F

M

F

M

F'

M

F:bLb

ka

< 1tJ"LIL O r:a li L' i l-<ffiti t + i>tco)ft lt

"

1.

2.

3.

4.

,'r' L " ?3-

a +I t ffi a> r& zJ, -> lc zJ' t>hl"k Ot U.:L4 o rrffi ilE-f a: L i: rs 2 /:fi, bI)r.i @iCl" ticakL* *j/J r)

ffiTt LF-âffiMfrrrFJ D B i: ts -> /:tt, tt@)CL U.al'L* ,'?lh.

ô;ffiM;t i: fs arrr.r. u r. n

[email protected] lffra*hsRhrehtctcJ (= l-*tl#'lf,.y> fs ht c fd) tr;? t \(. iE a I E ? f t \ :f !."Her answer to the mmt question, f tr &-'/t W.tt/tti^c/: J (= you couldnt get time offwork?) is that timeoffis not the problem.

' E ffi ih" 6 4 A:Wtt/t tJ' c l:" ( : " *tl-h: tr dt lr -h' ct:"), kt16il'7 ts+]g*"Bzl9 |tt4rr{[.llu*tJ'c/:) (= tclrl€€i

9.94r ) "il rlidlol olul4a "J6la g+qEl .

@@...

za â

z t $a ralaa lr* tE u E r;/16lEt\ a Z ET't ht ?*r€iEa t=: (L r * f .

The man sap, [Err6.l , which mems, in this context,

"to be on the same day''. However, she says that it is

not the day that is the problem either.

H*I|F, "&rez" € "lElDEt:AA" ffHE. iEtt6rITB+rE#.*zl7l "Je [Err6l =

fag Bol gr]r 4:. *olzl+, r4E "Irl4a "J6l"z 9l+qq.@...

l*r$rrhj albz bt"E$t nr $*t " < aHiit; lffiEHal lt6HEtt< J tstZEc-Ct \ lf 4rr E. I ts#ht h'h' 6 J t lD z t<t .She omits the words after [*j#iria] . She says, [,EE

tF ) I md t+6Hi:{- < -1 before this, so it means

"it will cost a lot of money"."Ferria" trEfi FrAAffiT. EtffiiH!+E4t "EeA

H ) " "*EW.I:ft < ", i9f t-llEH€ "j3#rrr.r'6".rr$+irtar I g+Eol c+gq g+q+. rdql |IEAH) t t*EW,G'ti| Fol4l "J;.].2 go Eg f E_ol E4r l_ F"JL] rl_

{et

Ez-I q l

gL/:t' ,.L28'tv 3 vf,

I .t U. h,L fiaL t Utzt#,A"T( /-.dr'. "=Fa.E+Fdhtt)r)*t" Zftr'bEEtf;:r\(. T0) 1

- rt?' tct oth'6 4A+h' 5. E€Jr\€0)A-2Zb/LZc< t'{tr.

€AL f,\

I . RfttN,Z/:vr/. b^ t -rJ*

2 . *[Eri&L)r\ 63. i 63v)r.B4 . 4qtrrffivr/.6

56

Ez-t

Afr AfHl < e 8, fil',feb t*a* 4. f,c' f,c' * r) t -iBfrFt 6 L t \ a ffr 3 f, A L * f .

,\!\li .J e,t, tJD'

4 Fq1 3 fr Tt. [ffiglgfi+l t*. Z O & a B: S trJ T 3 6 h\ t a h\ &)F]J 6 f,1ffi, i:L\

T-f. l--#EErSfi4J p l^4> t.iEfi4j 8Eu\. ^yeF#<Hft-HF":f;Fql[f/aLrtb. ff# Lf \r"1FE[-/J:TLr*f.

\Ve don't always pay attention to every single word the interlocuror saysl somerimes

ri-e just listen to get a general idea of the subject in question and whet the inrerlocuror

lvants to say, In Comprehension of General oudine tB*FigE4 ] , /ou cilo measure your

ability to listen in the above manner. These exercises are quite dilicult because it is not

po,sible to Iisten to the question before listening to rhe conversarion as in rhe que-rions

in Task-based Comprehension [".Ri.ErSEiJ or Comprehension of Key Poinrs * I >

l-,48?

jti,Jf rtrEr./,.if.iFFl. tr+ REJtqltS{filr!X" --P trt ("j{. \.\;r:,-'i-.=tfiL

It /t #,fff ,r!E Ht . "'fqfr g rs fi4 " lft{i{ g!,i,rr € tr j ifr EE EI|E T j3 f + r f 1 ! ' =,

_='' i.r

1ltq-fr#" "E,frtrjfi+" 6tr, lEj&/tEliG.tr*i'iir,t1.+!+€t,rl ol.tI. '-..i.dr=i-:,.lit!-r i4ftrtq(fi"

ololzl$ =g

ql , +4=-g ++ ql€ ol6l6lE^J E;Lttri. ii4zl s9ig.,j;l-a {e<l , d;i4_g__tr_ +E.ll EtldHC E6}r ?=,.l Fg ^J4dl-= =7l"jqr+.izll.9 ol;llr:. olq+ ETlzl zl-r;a3z1"l€xl€

=€6}= +4loJLlrf . ig4i olailr

el'I.J.F ol.'l], el,*al . g33 ts'l 3"ll gE3 -J€: glo EE Eri q.lg

=,rl7l El9+qtrl.

EoFd8ry,U (3) ^-,?offiH*t .c.*ffi?t$ffi9'6',:d>t:qfr.*>*t<, H#r.t *.-/:r. LtJ'i:,16a L116 0 *'f "tr,bL z<bL tti+./,

v) *.t. .of i t:. E+=ffia++BUrrB (ffiH. fdg. H#l lr. -#f L 3. v. bv,bfeErrrypo(v.*frr. lfr.l:6. Rrr4?, birAfi:&)E tf" :a(''l*. Htf e, ?0)llr.o E * 3"* rs#a*.lV,tffi < ffiB t L i.t.(Pl) Err,^.6 [Dc L.]

Ert\*.hb l?afi'lL],9r(AWetLb lttA,t a tt")

- [Dv\, L_]

- f?'cl')' ll,lA,t lt:l

FE are also used to emphasize meaning and can be inserted into a word which does not originally

have a FE. FS can also be 'f,EE ot can be dropped in order to shorten words. In this way, these

specific Japanese sounds ( ffiB' 4EE, F€ ) change to various different sounds in conversation. There

are also other sounds that change. In this section, you will practice listening to :F€ and various other

changes in sounds.

i T 9E iEH+.H.*H, A ffi trJ Utr#*lLHKE F! iFJ + rr,^,KE " fi ,1, H H! KFAAFi,fEE, A'

F{X T ffl fdii,fri6 nKE . ln t Ffi.d, B iE + ffi E,}-b++rÊ (f&8. {EE. KB), A* pmifr,ifr Eia

k +&ffi *(1, " WrlLZ, l, IH fr tl - e F.e B A F!,F /n " ft.gtrtfrz Efr KE &H E &ffi +A H! E q "

**s.9"1€ 44i;l7l g6lq ^l+g"l , ar*ol HgH "Jql EqTl= 4g_= g#,J4. e

+, *gol ++ ( {EE: ) "l qz+ "Jg 6}rI ;}4_r zr*"1 gqzl= a+E g+q+. olx.l,J

'J+qg +€+ g (+g (tr#), ** (ieE), *g) e "J-J "i "i4 €"e tr6lzlEl, r gqlE *ol H6l= aol gl+q4. qTlql^J= *+r+ r e,lg +"J6J *g Hsl= E= €+g EI

L-]4.

SireilEl-7d*tre/.j"C D tfq:t\(. E7$gb 2<t \6 t Z6 EfiAttltr(, Fl; ZteEtEr,r(( t'6!r"

fi# 6fif El6 Ec < 7alib a "lab

<Lt.)bt( 1) A. Sf,gHfLB s a /co

+,Ql JitfltbtstuK, a>tuEa 4f vr/ab.

ir. ,r t\ri't. 4-(3) ;otFE[, {, i _-.ElEftLr/3o

(4) A : fir. b, ?.rrig a /-/ii."

(5)

(6)

{7)

(8)

(e)

(10)

B: <irt'" hzJ'-;te !

t':t ilt.=a hl:\ Z Vfi ^^tii+. +&T# Lv.*Ifii ?MWL ( v' 6.LoUt, iJ

3c 3+fiirr*$*l 0 t.l-tz"Et. Lh t t'

6 i ro tlrl L"('F ,q tt "tt E l.*,'itAE E A'/s b, /c-> /:4ffi -> le L. : A /j I.

EA, 6?o+fe b, ab balefsrcE,fe !.

i'/*taA,rr, b t cL *JH,4L Ltvra L rr.

tBt(fr)

l

l

l

t

t

t

rE

:..,++-=

I

I

I

I

I

L59

6*)t't,t :' L\ h'/1" :

E-EF'#<Bn (3) ^,iFE=E ( 1 )ffiffi7>ha>0)

iH;+lJ. i€#o>YttittriJa <, iftl^h 6Hi(r,r1317r L. ffiv./: L * i:HRrtbfi,0*rr/.,,. */:. tElDBrHffir'e;14;t @1, +'Azrei*l *.a6 L 3 , ?affipikbaX.l)'bt Z(rEg /r il i t i- btlA ttrutJ'A q *t /-. ?tttr:, *.*ttii;.< v.6 6 a (FrJ :

: (t/" z tlL rJlLo tlLL.,fuW,/ffiFR, e+/kfu 6/:(ELerq *f" :az=v l.(tflElU=*ari€;i+. r-=.yt- 05 Trrsi.,fl.r.rv.al4;Tiaqxrl irl* L/:" * t, t.t#,/-ri6*aij€;Tia.i- 6.5jfiF

HA L(r.5, ffiv,(&Mt6#*H & L* j-.

To master Effi , you need to memorize both the structure and the readings of the characters. If you

dont do this, you wont understand the meaning when you hear them. There are some i€i$ that have

the same sound but different meanings (e.g.*F,/EH ) and you will need to select the appropriate

one depending on the context. Moreover, there are many words that sound similar (r.5. fuW.,/ ffitlp.' tB+/ft'E ). I" this unit, you will study rEF* that have the same sound, and in Unit 05, iHFF

that have similar sounds. First, practice reading the sentences and choose the appropriate iFFF.Then

practice your comprehension by listening only.

inigi-"], zFfi.qiE'ftin?fr\fli, tr4its{t^Hi*ix, 6fltjryfljB+FjfiFj,f4ffiZF.aerilffiH,tr*,E.. xf

fl4E+xHliri€i{ (Frl\a:4tr,/8ffi), Fr,r.tTx*flBr^HHE" m_H., f,.aHlt)fr\t4 (Frlgn:

fuvft.,/F?W' )E+,/ t:-iw &H1F.-4 " E+Fnt nE*w.i€irt, Fzc os tfr,z p,EMa)FliniEE.

J6l&t Z r, i*EJA, Ef+EgFliniFid. fftrffi4f;l z, t#,If,ffiH,**r$ffiqH"

*zl"lts txl9 €4lB"J olqe} 9l= HE Tlq6lxl 9+oE EHg 4 r 9"1€ "J,.l x*q4. E+, A+ €.olzlu.! elulz| += +zlq (ql: *F,/F:W) zl glg "l -,t dF9 EzlS I46I"J 4€+ qg

=4ol EI.l'} . Alqtgol ul*€L a ( q : fr.w,zffiFil, &+,/ft)E) E *ol 9l+q4. unit 03 ql^'l= ag gg *zlol , unit 05 ql^l= gol Eli* *zl"i€ trl+H+q4. +d, Etlg 9r. 4€* aJzlolE -tr.== €+g + +, flE+ =r

ol6l]6l= €+g *qEl.

.s% I .tr46si T ,rL :*.t#,/LT. I+EH( < 6tr=;FAO@h'6 iLb A..T ( /j{ t,'.

(fr|) f4*t/..,rs { oe;FJ @ f,'frU l &v'/cfi!t*rlA,r..

(r)e)(3)

(4)

(5)

r@l

rel

I

I

t

t

l

I

I

Ir

tltltltltl

aCIi\trr?Liirstu1-, 1 e.a.*ll. @L\rN l rfia"€/'ltt. L."ti a /"L!i U e Si ifr4LrrHdFolcd>, +EoifXlJ { O*€.ft @fFfff }(.f"J*/,a.e I @ffi)J @dfin l L(f-((/iEv..zo) I @* @ffi t rtLffit$v.r(/j8v..B+ffiB { O BEd @

^+ i l:ig6L( < t8v."

tltltliltl

t$ rc coa*r'.. ffHr=f;2 <a##tu,'bzb/vT(/i'drr"

[m I oaEt @a$E I

(t) |

(r) I

[r] I

[{} I

t5) I

O EIH

@il*o,t+@ *rsO E,L.

@ NEH1

@ ffit*

@x#@+H

@ F€,1.

6l

X;*OFql8H,t'J (3).LJ AF.H.frrtI6/$6a,/<tla

tA^\8 +a I (&iL). [Aî btLb ) @b. [A-i( 6 r, i.] tA-r(6 rf h ) (fuii.ry:.+blf 7' ,/ 6 ,' a ,/ < XLb) L v.-2 /c;f{tJ. Hv.(f <"i: tt*Lnr_l tttrLi:l Lf:art,tE.ffit7aoItWLv.L,H,v.*f. * /:, ?0) [L/:a L t#ftll l*. )ttUv,a L/.,v.f /r a L r. fr 4 Zts IJ fur,f ts D t. t /-. - a (.tl. * f , t/Lrr Lftfi' t ffi < $FB t U<,z a bL . Aff a; g *t,tfull+4fi 77 v,zt, z btffiH t u *. i "

In sentence patterns such as [€-\Fri6-] (IFIH , [A^rDf.-b) (*.H) , [Aî(6 6i_] , tA'i(6 tf 6 ) (ffiAilf Y,,+ fr>lf b,/ ir ,t a ,/ < na) , it may not be easy to understand who did

the action to whom straight away. Furthermore, we have to consider if "what (s)he did (action)" was

a good thing or a bad thing, etc. In this section, you will first practice listening to who did the action

and then you will practice rephrasing the details of the conversation using lfrtf-. or *.H .

"A^rAt6' (IFIU. "A-i btrza" (Wr./), "A^rr 4) t' a " "€î(6016 " (t)Jra17Y:, + *,

rl'6 I {> r, j r (1L6) +h14.., qftrgfsi.4tlrLffiF-rqx.lrqffin\-6)J(Fa11"t&fl\" Fn-tr, trg4ffifls +

^Jr tF E+-\ H x. trE+ ,\it' ,tr ffi . AB e, Jtrtfr 4 Efi ft1FI&fr\ dr lF, ffi tr 2fr z Ifr H IL1prtn +8.

ax$&+irtF!86"

[A^rair6] ( ^]sl ), [€^r6 rLb ) (+F ), [A^r< 6 D, J t€-r<a tf b ] (F^]i€ +

frrtl6 / { ba I <tua ) 4= E€g El rizh ri+.ilzlr + a"J7}= E}ja ol46}= ag"lB4l C48JL]+. E+,:z t* a (F+) t 2 zl* "JoJzl .de "J"J4F C44ol EL']tr}.ojTlql^l= +d izl aJ 4"JzlE == €+g ala:.4€..il olslg .j+g ^lq"l4 +*'o=.Hl+l "J6l= €+g -JqEl.

t, zz-{F{q.

(-()

::l;::;:;,;;,;,,1 =g:*l c D aFq:r\( . f nhrl,ljnt,=uf;h'te@n'a z6 /1,7 ( t'd r,r.

(Ftl 1) {

@[2) {

(&1r3 ) I

?*/j

O ilJEe/-

c il83/-O ilrE8A,

f: lcJt'(D H+ 31"

f. ttl'

@ E+a/-fc tth'

@ m+e z-

l ,r5FA L ->/coL T L,i,l ,r5E A L -> /:"LPI-A,

I z)rgE A L .c /c"

tolrelf6-tL€-

62

t

I

0)

ttt

t

t

t

vg

It

I

(1) { C+i>A/'" @+A34, lrtîv&HLl.e"i/:L tl"tl"\ ( 6* *i <(2) I efi @1i+^ l irHriX./:"

(3) I CrrS/- @rlan lrr { OU>e/- @r'tet-

(4)

(5)

r6)

r7)

{8)

rfrlt

{llit I

{r2il I

il3tt I

(4lt I

qlSl$ I

!;l ,i'L* 4tL&#t F,Ie"

A.iL l*itte* @E

I e 6B13A,

i e ilrTAA,: t-i 3 fiF8A,

i e FA3l"'-

=. i:OftSAffi/-/j.

I:*

lrrE6"df a Bk 6

@

^FE /- I ,rAA++z ( 3 /:.

3 &i@ (EWE /- I ,tv. DUD/:"

ff * ir( t\

@ ffizlc8& I ,r [6Ll:tliEittrv.("] L.E->/:"l: tth' f: tth'

@E+A/- I ,t { C l'AAl" @E+3/- }

tt\ t2 L\ d, if,82 C DAFq:t\(. *Ff;0).e.-*t-6a +rDtD@h'626luT< /:'dt,r.

a!: oL ht h rll L JL /:at 9 I e Ear^l**,a Lr,l-itS&*F* ir-l:"

hi.:: UL. bL: Lfl. L -t fcl)

2 *o; Lr,tHa Lr,:tLSa*F *tv/c.

e:: {}L blutt LiL ,'l,rJt flo> Lr,tko> Lr,:+.i- E"rt/:.:;,- tll $t: t_|t ,,rrr

2 k o> Lr,*H o ^t:4,i-

E t /: "

t.: Ot blttt LrL h'fct E at,,tlr/do )\0) ts t 3 7 t Hcry T fr>Iffe"?;-! r}L |!J LfI h'tc

2 k0> Lr,tH O )\a.,sy 3 > & HCIJa- *>If /:"e.: tlt bLtt LfL 6Ei t'

3 4 a; ;\ lf Aar ,,\ l: it,c.* 3 *r./: "t;-': OL 8t: Ll& ,$i t'

2 ko> Lrdry o,,\ t:itH 3 irl:.;.: O t- bLtt f-i L *

T 4oLttko^tt+/:"ri/:"e;":: oL 6l: LiL *

2 ko ^ttHD ^t?t+-:

( 6 b ->/:"'i.: OL b|tt Ll'L i:' * I

3 ry0^l*h,a )9,: E FB&Ffr* tt"!.-: ob. b!: L)'& i:, * J:

2 f o ^tt

H a )ur,: E -"-"1"& ifi,* tt/:.

63

:F L bOF.lFE

#tF4ffiPdE a:ffi.tr1td^ l,]ToiE t] rf "VttzriO lfiff,FHEE*AF: < (ElF"lIttffit'r/*r,)

"^ rtLtz( L(D *tAfql < (EfrffitIEIJElld fr(ur/rtr).o EI F"it t E ? d)ff ft # 6 r': r' (. E{fi{r&o> +'r' a H €, f6ii rr E z ai b .si"

z o> l* L bop"lEl rr*. MEwmrra+ea. FHI :^tv,y,,c&.< #XH t Lt L x ) .*-f. Co 2ffivr(PdE 1Lfuv'<Jt( < /j6v\o ?Sa;x* tI.7r t jl. L L 7 hrr

U'dl'' l:bv)t fi.6. ffi!fia=y*.czJ'J** Lr ). <afr>L. Hffizr. Effil:FdFEaffuv.<4".tLrj"

Comprehension of General Outline ( 8[44ffi ) Exercises should be done according to the following

steps. 1. Listen to the explanation (the question is not included); 2. Listen to the speech (you will not

be able to look at the multiple choice options); 3. Listen to the questions and the four options and

choose the best answer. Practice doing comprehension of General outline (lWF]wB) Exercises in

a style close to that of the actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises * L EOF"1E. First, listen to the

CD and do Exercise 1 ( FfrE 1). There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips

on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 GfrE'Z).

Mg}Sffi B+FE H fr! E AJIFFiN I.ory&nii, qE ( *E +inafE tlt ) "

@ryrEX*E (if i+tiqtrEFE++U) .

@ry+E tllfr E +)ft++fr , r,1, + r&-f trAj6 HqA+ "

E trEt >lrn E i\frut 41rt-f+ifi " E tt"tfr,4 " " ftpfi co fi,Fxt*z r . T-FE i{FE F!*6x+ffiffiffirk*+Em, EE+ Z€.ffiffiffi+|r5, *trffitr2*4 z "

4-q ol6'fl E4l9 EEe 4+r+ A#q+.O *E* €BEg E=+ ( €E+g rJexl *=4 ).

@ eEg E=4 ( dgxlY .Jdlql glxl g+ ).O eEEq a zN$ {$xl€ E-r. dqxl +"il^l 7l+ 4€* 4g.g 1=4."l r€4 E4lr "I^.lE zlle olapg +4lE d4lql 7l4l& €4e += e+g *^lEl. +d

CD= =-z

+41 1g ol;l]aN Hd^19. tr}g qlolzlq .rBEe+ 6JEzl gl o oE +41 Eolgs*g ++6J^lcl. :49 , +.4l2 ql^l= d4l.E E4lE Eq B^14.

;6Fdffi{1. €A,tz1\21"T E/vteltt\j ilr'tffi< F:ffiTf" -EfrO)Hf

V2<r/r lltt e U161"EgFpl 6 b r) *, E h. *,fFE 6 Fdr,' ( < tr' 6 ! ro ? nb 6. Hlfr E E lv

Z 6h' $cL r.r'&

fz( l, arfir\(. t h'6 4a+h' 5F6trr60)a-2iL5A.T< /j tr,r"

EiL I t 4l

65

lf < tt' litj+4ltrff L<vr * f,

ttL l: ll,/! : Â:ri bt C

F : f,{tr H4;+tfu,& L(v. b /--.ctrtt, iH+rrr'6tf.&t:L'^,{ /} i'l: aJft uL n'/r

-#k*.=ct" O#_8U 6 ffi Lv. Y, *'co)iHU I i'l: ^l':r i#I=@--tfi,hfirtrft ( t kfr>"c<, Mlr.t bo)tr?

It/rt a E n' j' ttt Er'491:ffiH*:i'i' D * f. f,l'llz,rN vri - hA2,' trj ill,U i 4 t h'f: 2b\ i't:fEa (, *t:1gg 6. "xt=6er5 P@,fF_!rAAh' t/"L< bh' a tJit$vr(. H,Ha+ A l"r.<*F,r@H;i6 g iG

r: lt/"DA t6 n'h eL v.*f" L 3 U* H4\otsliLtt"W+at < f:0)

? 4 At(F-(6 6 <>a, ?l+tPbt. ,#L^r'-:ri<fi4dftr3*fj"

bi.& L! t tE tttta Nttttt3?!\(af; L(v. * f *..h'/" D j i'r:

r . H+o-ifr Jt-hlz<>v'<n'/r C /t' ilt2. H+o€*fl:cv.(n'/r C, tJlt h't3. W+aH,Zh l:?v\(,'/a U al' i'lc4. H+o&v.Fi:u v.(

o@@@...l*ttj l#arfrJ l&L\tr'l tL\azZ.l{W

*.t L" l*tÎ*4\d!\r- N€f{: (J n,6l*.za

âE+ oH. zl tz) t \< # L ( r \ * -f .

You heard the words [€ * fJ,lefi,&h ], lf€v.6j,but that is not the main point of what the speaker

wants to say. [f{ll4.iv.z:* Ftftc(l refers to

how she memorizes Kanji.

*E+Sr4T "*3t" "ifi,\h" "tev'h' +,4trEB@AF^€iHifr/\giifil+4^6. r. "Au4. Fv. n - Ft&z (" +ffi , EB+l6ii,,f&,qr,fqiBit+ffi"t* 3 ,6l lafr\h J t,ft',.tl += ge +e4 "J .

E* d4ql^-l "J6lr d+ ag "ltsqq. [fdl*z].iv'n- Ft&a(l ql^l= ol

^lelBol 6iJ4E 7lq

6l= *H"l rldl^l "J6lj1 9+qEi.

Ei, I t 2 O 4l

6,i,/i0 t 6A.t:t, IttL *i.L 0) F"1EH. t A. tzrr t l" T E lv ts taur & a f| t ffi< Hgf f .

=tOAiLaSL _Ett Z t2$h{:EIF":Hbtl*.8/1". *,f;=EtHurT <t:dL\. Znh'5. HF"i tE/r

z 6.tt itt uete( LaHr\(. 1 #5 4A+h'5F€Jr'€ Att:ci:6 tvT( t't ur.

EZ I r 2 3 4 ]

fjFFr\€ Uht) - €Sr;;ff: tev)t 6 t 3. fiLfc6'*. ,3?3,1Tfr->Ttt6

tr?o t ftrtr v6 t {. Lc tr" t ht & 7 6 LT {*t \ * -f . z o I #lfrt-rEl,1: "F

Tt;: :r::T 1 1:.'- r a

^ 6 r, I . # a 16 i F,1 ffi r f " 6 L \ d ? f {n#.

#Ef &.:lR&56fi. tD*rfr.h:Hffid *r* -f "

When we ask a favor or ask someone out to dinner, we select the best and most

appropriate expression that we know. In Verbal Expressions I t# ;fr t ]-E I , yo., ca.,

measure your ability to immediately select the appropriate verbal expressions according

to the circumstances. This includes expressions such as salutations, requests, and asking

permission.

n'iJrFie"-kEUAfflr-K F. ffiSErJAFZi(Hf . >GFJIil€Hl*ttrd l.,. l.lhdtftA'l-'i*.'! -iF :*r-!' /trrlidr;7i-t tE'-62Ft:-qH,l.Gf f jE ,i'h+fr1j"';nE.d. ,'HuE1J7.l

=r. E'i.!E jg. F,.: jS,RIIirF"l T.&.dtA..

+q+ 6lZ1+ 4^l.i aqlg "fl +ul5g zltlol oJl g-= jtd + ol! zla) \* €3zl€ dq6lol f;iqtr}. oJ rgE| _*.€r € *Eql *= g+E ule C4*: ?1=^l "l€xl€ €= Erll?qq. ql^l+ gel , 6j7l€ +61= €-el _*.€ol

=:,. =j ul rl- .

Eo)H try q @) ^,=fr LzL tfoF o*{v u)i Llf-c-z/jll-f ltt <. ]f46. ffif L *. €/r/r (ls->t:t)*.t>c/: D L(v.

*t" ffiZll [A-i(v.*fl l* [A^r(*fi LE=(v.*f" €(. Fv.+f <tb/:&)ff. Elt€.tc">(6H*d*hD *.t1". (..6. #f**l:$v.(6 bf,,t iEi or.ffivr/: L * l:br.4 i: ( v.r.6 L/L*t/,. ::('.ll. vtbvtbts\Naffit t ta#aryrc,eH<#FHtLtt"@D [(v.*f.]

[/clllLtJ'A D lrvt_.]

Ire ( (ilvrll&v.]t(L*a,/<Lt.->fc)t-f *a < ,/K *sv'/c)

* [(*f-]* [/r3+ (rrbrrv.)]* fA(6r (vrilr3pr)_l

- lLt.a,/L+a/cl* [L (,/Lv'/:)

Sometimes there are sound changes not only in single words, but also in some sentence patterns.

For example, [A^r<v'* f I changes to [A'\( * 9-.i . This kind of change is made in order

to shorten expressions and to make them easy to pronounce. Even though the sound changes, the

meaning does not. However, these sounds are not the same as forms written in textbooks, so they

may cause you problems initially when you hear them. In this section, you will practice listening to

changes in sounds in various spoken sentence patterns.

tr tl iE + T&F.EtFIJ Ftts lA, El 4.tL+ E tg{. 6rJln, hT k&ffi ffi . F&, lE ".4^r r, \ * -f "

i.i,Ft "A^r*-f". FF,f€E+EA, H,Et!,rA",fEE, fifgltE +j E{i.fi\trt*ft8tr&+\tt LVIXz#TH , FfiU}MifrAEfrTEIfrV,&AAW E. 6Eg,

'AZEfrEJ4fr\EY,.

+q 6l+61+++ olq4 €-€g "Jg "IE gol SolzlZ+ EEtq4. el= Eq [€-r<v.*-fl = [Aî(*i-] 4l "J-]a 9t6q4.*a-.J6l7l €7,t1 6]7i g"I^]"Jq+. *g H6l]

E 9"1= tr6lzl ?+#L14. 6lzlrI :r4,r.1q 2lq gl= €414 4e=E 5fl€. "l *zl qelg,lE EEq4.4zlql^l=.lel E.€9 "J* ql g^J6l= +el dsl= == €+g Elq+.

5.1 ffi co6*r'<, Hr:t&a.rr\6 tz6r=ffiaf,tr'<, fr.; znHt#libl ffi rr((fdrr.(fii) 6o 6r*z Krzl6 e "

(r)

(2)

(3)

t4)

'(F).(,6)

t,.!E:,i r' {,'lJ

*4f 8. H.i.(v.< < tu< erD rrL i "r.:t + J*#ur(v. 6 b. a 6 /3# B. t/ ifr,l"actt/jD !

A< E kb-:(#g(LAi.:* 7)'ft?fu v l'&Hs(L* -;fcb L"i ?

tti A ,{H4, f?- r$ ( ia"

tt; (6t lf,t' lt;aCIm. Fo)+l:E'L("*str.( <tLb 7

x,r (6

)' + 1Lrcttu{f. E*I-f 6l "

a *i lDl- F l:€ffi A#v.(Jsi,& ( f ti"til;,aA, r.i ur, :i

pr-r F7 v. 6 i +flt.t'#$*::r ( L* a (vr 6 iru

Liul, tI[.- A L/:o$ffi t l-r L*..> (*"- 3 /s fl vro

59

6Jit t\wffiaha>

; L\ ttr\ i oiiOE-Efr'tIE, (4) ^,ffiE=Et

lf /L

TN

-# L ( v. 6 L * . fEf irF c ( v\ 6 F:6 il ffi H rr o> l:. fr ;+irt rl*.b tttc lcxD i: ffi 6trr4ffir* /tlr'->/:Lv.r a L 6a arL r l. &;il**afi/)+rlfr.btu;ay7slv>/,r,

L*f"

Even though the content ofthe conversation is easy, you may not understand what your interlocutor

is saying because honori{ic language is used. Honorific language is often used in conversation so

you should practice listening to and understanding it. In this section, you will practice listening to

common honorific expressions.

€ Bj, ryE Fn x{F infr\ Ft trtftffi+, .f E E H f x+ n {g_ffi T tt:F*ffiZ".1l+wffi " ffii"E&+ irt + lfr.Ht+lp.&,

* I&t z E'EI&q:JW ffiftA?r4 fi 4 . AE g +kfltfr 4 w HH F! ff iEt d.

"Jala 9lg "ti trr]zl'J6l-7 gl= ul+g zJB*rJl= E+51.z 44zl ^l+qg7l ql+ql g

"lE oldlg + s,*."J zEs 9lg a"JqEl. 4q= gEl +q ^l-&q= 4*zl y*o oe =r

ol61]EJ + gtE+ €#Et^]4. "lzlql^'l= ^l+ L6l= Aq s.€g E= g+g *r]4.

C D tFq:lr\(.ffiE 1 ('r\;

fi tri ttL-#FlrEL ( J:oL+v.L tti.bbowwt (

Di ?i. t, e'rc (

<a+, (LLt) t

Di ?iEffirr ( (b ta a<n*

3 o i, -#FoEffil: 1

f&1' n\( ) o)+E;t{fA€rr((t'{lr"L\ e] *h'HHA ah'5 I A+h'6 z6/lT< /j {ur.

) * L/:r'.) l"cfri.

) ( /jEv'.) 6rbLv.cLrii..

) ( fi3v."

) * L/:"

alJ,

zLT, {frh

@)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

tbltltltltltl

l'ttbbF.a. F,b b. Ea c. Ea d. Ai e. 66i f . A-ra

70

'- %e coari:l't, ffr:-r

= ----

+*/j t\(fl) tOl OfiE1;iv.*f.?:r lJ L\

@ umL{T* *f"' ?* ,a rta

@ fiH LffiL*f.

rr 4 bt <Aet bl|HFXU t(H€,iEg &6AtA# 5@o)+r' b Z6

I O t"i rsv) *tlt,"@ Ei L*fr."@ t'i Fv. * f i'.

L?6ri lf Lr h

I O tt€ll?oWffitt"ftol:E L rtrbaZicf "L?!ri lf L* L

@ *ielte o&-rlit:i1*. ->tc? i cf .L?Eri tf Lr L'. @ 1*EvZat*fr&No(v.6 ZiAt"

@ 6ifrD*fi'.lr

. @ s i€*fr..r@6itt)*fi."

E&# :@ m+e &t: tJ+ D6 rr:,,\v. * f"

&t+ : .l/.9 3

E+E I'a i 6 ri D 6 r:: )F* f"J,f:9 tt&+

EttrE&rt+ D6 L - Ar&&fv. * f"t*,ts rr

fiFJafi**Ltif..&1. ts <L I)

,riebBu)*.Lr iz)."

7l

*: Lp l'/vUti

=frao,L'ffia+26()Ar=6rlt. Wffi<tF+l.e a #IAt -"c ZD,LrEv. * f ,r. --c atkffiT,fF i a t rr

*f. lffiB2] u. AilffiLtEtDtrfrrgr.. ff]{xha4il,$fiJ ()tr<ugy/3. tttbv'bfs*fr,tffivr(. ?a+2\'bwffirEdi 6Orri6-i6J i i:ffiHL* Lr i"

In conversation, we select an expression which is appropriate to the circumstances and to our

interlocutor, but we can use several expressions in a particular situation. We have various ways to

express similar ideas. Exercise 2 lffitr 2l has the same format as the actual test, but you are given

more options.You can practice listening to various expressions and choosing an appropriate response

according to the circumstances.

E/; Ifr +, it++-+ 5 rn F. ri fr H,fr) +H tra fr! *di tt, - + ttr RT EI 6E,fFH H! * Br- {4 rt-+ . E f+ F! Fs trat uH &ru T E F! *B n rt " v^z zt fr\ xt=\5 -H-EEfH tE, {E E+t,f it jAE F! Et+4*Hffi+ " %,2 Efi 'E&fr+ &t+W *iLfi fr , //. + )&f+ frA 8t R *1- + E+ "

cl+"il^-l= *Erl ^J4ql "+= _c€g 6l+ dq6iol 'J;|z1oj, + 6IEql^J € + gl= s€g 6l+zl oltsq4. A3'I+g q4 E€e_tr +q"g + q#qq. (€+21

= B^lC'I Ae€al"lzl+, dqzl= e^leHq gol

=Hl*+q+. q4 s€g Er r6q1.r] +trq *=

zt€ l= + 9lE+ €+-J^1tr1.

@) tgl

(l) t (2) I

z lt. t)C D 6fq:r\(. #EE

?( t'd r,r.

(3) t (5)t I (6)t

Htr t t ziEg r*t:at a h'6 ea:ffih'6 i6 /,.

(4) t

a . *i[a=- (v\ a<\,b j"

d. E+L(v.6tzg. #'>(\'b

b.

e.

6t*#-r (vr6+,l" ( r\

\EJtE - (vr 6

r\ 6r\c. 'f&*FL<v.a

,' ( i:1"

f . M=&,LTv'a

a- thanking

b. apologizing

c- making a request

d- making a proposal

e- complaining

f confrming

g- inviting

ffi2

a ffiiH

b E#f

c ]H>K

d +Er!

e tii,uFlffi

t ffiilr

e )Mffi

+oJ6lr1 gltrl

^lr+6ln 9i4elEl6ljl gltrl

4l"J6lr 9tr1

g€g'J6ln 9lq

+^19 "J+g 54-z glq

arlldlil 9l+

iltr)

,i h t rtbL e,*t#,tH< < t'A !\. Z nh,6 C D 6fq:t\(. €HfA:(rrfr{fO.6 Jr ,j./: rr t;riA : ( r r /* t] nE x 6

=r \ ( < /:' d ! r. o [1 - z DJEb, 6 z t $ fr) t ) *t "

Otxl@rcl@lxl@txlG)tol

I'

[iFtd!

IJfri

73

cr l

@r l

@r l

@r l

@t l

or l

@t l

@r l

@r l

@r l

cr l

@t l

@r l

@t l

@r l

er l

@r l

@i l

@r l(b)l l

"l *LerDF"lffiIt b Ur,tJlv

o'( - ^

F tE r*ht b. lfiifi=n',exrgF":r fiErrEu'*fr.l ffifr< G€h{riil*EIJEII{ lt(t,t/*t,t).

o =ro>ffftn&6Fq:a. igg d#i*tiB,si.

.a l*LEopdFEt ri*. 'E#Hffirrarua. EHlr,E,yrrrtx #RE &Lt Lr i"*f. cD 2ffivi(Fdffi t&fur'<A( < /:'f vro "l5a;.<-- ,tr.z, t j l. L L 7 hrr

L D,5t' Lb\ *trt'b. m* fia=v t'crt'Jt-* L r ), Za&> L. fdEZ c, *Wt,:FdEaffiv.(a*Lr)"

\'€rbal Expression ( A ffi #.In) should be done according to the following steps. 1. Listen to the

qlao-atory sentences and the question "what do you say?" while looking at the illustrations (you

will not be able to look at the multiple choice options); 2. Listen to the tbree choices and choose the

option. Practice doing Verbal Expression (###fr, ) Exercises in a sryle close ro that

d tb€ actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises ( * L &DOH€ ) . First, listen to the CD and do

Enaclse 1 ( FdE 1 ).There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips on finding

t rcsmtc Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 (ffrF.2).

ffi=#EE+gH F!trAj{ntifiT"

@ *-TE€E .

-LEfi tktt|lLFf frtE I "t .,,f4

L H r,. * 9- n. " ( Ef+IFiqa EFAi{6I ) .

gw r "-€.+rfr, r&+Artfr\k1ffi"

ffi EEffi4r! s1+ffii14ifr-t+iE[ " ,82#2fr4" . iapfi co +,FXtfrZ r. T-FE i{fr4ffi*Ex

Sd& sE tatel o'Fe ++r+ ,JGq+.

:!l 'Jdil/-E= -u_€^] tls} €€+!+ eEE tylell "J*ulzL E ==El(4lqzl= "J4i9l

'J4 *r* r-

g s 4E $4.1E Er 4€* +sl= _r.Erl.@fl rffil{ S4..' 4rl3 "JE} E€g E4lE d4ql Tlvl+ €El-e += €+g aJ^lr+. +d

@D€ F-a E.4 1 €- =q sd^19. trl+ qlolxlql lr* Ee+ slEzl ?190=. E-4l Eolg -c

ffi,$ $eSS"1r*- -cl*. +4 2 "il^l €^]l_tr- Eîl8 Eol Brlul.

1#

;o)F,iFETrl.. zthtn;aEF"tafi:r'<< /-.aL\o f u6L, (+) 0)OL t&L L\ td h' +)2L Ot/\{*IEItEt,t:f f t'. 1fi'5 30)+#5, ft€Jur€0)6:ci:6hT( t'd t,r"

EiL I t 3l

EA It 3l

z&

,'t'Lr ril.lft' l: +,- 6 6

*+Iaft#rttffiW& /e( 3,Li*a (v\ 6 d)f. #Fzts /" t\(Aif*f",lElLEv.*fi."

1. /'- Lfi++6 L* L tr i i."z . D L@*:E6IGE_L * tA,r..3. 4- L@*s,EEl:rc- ilt* tll"i..

6

Er-ro 2

Ezt

3l

o@'..l*c'- craal l*r^. < /idr\l t*€fi#Tf

D5. tE+rrT 6 Z Er,-ts.t1 g;E.

[ *,'- 1: r3 6 .] and [ *i - ( /i 3 v' I are forms ofrespectful language, so they refer to the actions ofsomeone else,

'*3-t./ab" "r''-< /jEv." E€ffiiE, trft)gEffixtnMA\a|F"l*:-t.teb) [*i-(/j3v.] = €aqolstr a]

4lEJol ;-l= .JF.Jq4.

o-.'l< $ e4Lr\r-frrl tt. [(6r\rVc-fDl

O v.v.-f f ,'l . It is not used when we want someone to

do sometlhg."<L t4 L',.-ftr." E "(6!\!\-ef n'" W\|\ffi,

ti"*, FfrD) ffi+H*xiFffi++.t(6 t6LL..ffr,l = f(6,,.v.-etr,l 9 d+e s€"JqEl . +qi"Jol +t4= 617l Hlg qql

= ^l+611 g+q4.

@...

I 7 tv 2 V*3.hl Llqlt\<t\6tttT. tr:l.

FL\ttLrt\*tf/l"The speaker only asls I I - v ) L i3.r.l .lhis is

not a request.

"tty ) L*tr." €t''tr'jt{&tr86ir&, lk6ffi&HqH,E..

ft t v 2 L*tr.l zll E"1ez1"3 6l.l. +qg6lz1 9++q4.

z@rI

I

)

I

2#{: ll,L : < hi/r 7)' rtl"tr. dEfffio)+ffi&#8 * L/c. ft+-I.H< *: Dv./cv.

tiL titf. fifLEv'*fd..< /f4l. Sffiti.. v( lrr.*

2. *#,tt t'v< lr J bl-v'Ttlt,"2@/r_E_!:_EiLA.

3 . +#,t 7 r-':t / L(v./:ff 3 /:v\a,ffrr.

77

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l:: l.rnversation, we not only need to listen to what the interlocutor says, but we also

:.==j to replv in a waywhich conforms to the conversation. In erick Response [E[F*"a 5 - . \ou can measure your ability to select the responses appropriate to the inter-. - -: lr . Ufterance.

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[€^r6*L6) @.9), [A^{Fi}6 1 (FtH, [€îr6 6i_], [Aî(6tlb) ((-<) d.-tf

b,/<fub,/ 66)) canbeusedincombination.Wecansay,[€'r8tcrtL6) UfrtY.*.H) ,lBîf ii(Ait'6,/ nr b a,/ < tLb ) Ufr19.+ ?<) al*tf b./ $ tr a,/ < ILb) . It is not easy ro

determine who did the action to whom. Keep practicing until you can understand what is being said

straight away.

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-o l-g LboF"5E.i rl*. FiniFuKrF6+ga. Effil.iEu.trr&( fr*HtL* Lr i.*f. CD 2ffivr(F{E tt&v'<a( < t'Ev\o ,sox- ,E7r t) 7l- L L y Frr

t D.*1. Le>q *.f i.b. M*fra3y tort\h* L r j. ?o>b L. F"1ffi2 r, *ffii:P,lffi?f#v.<ht. Lr i.

Qrick Response ( EIJF#I"UA )Exercises should be done according to the following steps: 1. Listen to

the short speech (you will not be able to look at the multiple choice options); 2. Listen to the three

choices and choose the appropriate response. Practice doing Qrick Response ( EIIE+rilS ) Exercises

in a style close to that of the actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises ( * L &)OFfiFE ). First, listen

to the CD and do Exercise 1 ( Ffi€ 1 ). There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give

you tips on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 (7frW2).

FpBtxf6B+tr H H! E6l{At+fi T.

@$fi = +frt+4, r,\.+E-fftatrF!D6"1frtr81*>Xt?r9fr2rtZ=tfi-++fiFttsf " H.frt?4' . ftVi co frF|tfr4 r. ET-F€'i{fi4ffi

*EX+ffiffiffitk*+ft^, Ed+z€Effiffiwq , *trffitrtf;l z"

+^l +B Ex]g EEe 4*4 ?+q 4 .

O Alg *El= E=4 ( dq;<l= oJ49l glxl g*4).

@ gslql 4* s zi]9 d4zlE =a, 4€+ Elg _z=4.ol rC4 E4lr .il^'l= +^l +B E4E ddq 7l4l& €ql-e += g+g Et^lu}. +d cD

E E_r. E4l 1 g =q

Hd^ls. 4* riolzlql ^rBEe+

6JE7l 9l9oE_ +nl Eolg -q€g rlE'J^]4. :rl9 , F_4l2 ql^] d4lE +4= €g Brl4.

!t"t:r.' .,srlL * t; 0) fdffi T {*. * -f t A Fq:t \ ( < t' 3 ! \. Z n fi' 5, Z A * 6, t ; t Ef, u r (,tgt1#

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O"'4. L,3{ U l:*c fz t t A t>t \d?Tf " I nAZ aT eila tl E t ri Effittr"This is a salutation used when you see someone for the first time in a long time. It mems "I'm glad to see you're doing we11."

9zll rJ*q "J*g 4 9 .J^l.J rl + . r+ zl'll = a +ol^] El6d ol EL /+= sl "l.J q 4 .

@"'fE+l;H#ttraF.Hazt if,tqrJ. lnF'.T&Dctcl ltr&)-ceaJ lstEEhlnfztAolEgL Lrt<&r\tF3-"Thisisanexpressiontoshowtheinterlocutorone'sgratitude.Itisoftenusedasaresponseto lruft-etri.:/:] ortJsab'e Lil.€Biffrfi8!.e.-H. tFh ";-uF.rctl"c/:" "*:bTt a" frlEE*&.H.*4qlal A^16l=9E19 EJolzlqllzrft'e]i'al:l t*ibrLi.l €9 "J9=?9'll9 glBgez]+^]€.€r.14.

@.' . z nh\ D EL r F,l * i Z L z)J T I /J r \iE + L E|J *1 6 L 3 I ; lF r \ * f "This is used when we say good-bye to someone whom we will not see for a long time to come.

€EIJF jF!+CiE,ilit+tr&K-F{F jt4r4-5r,JtnEE1&H.

"Jo_q 9d 7lz "JE + s= ^Jrlle+;tlq4 q ^l+*q4.@"' I 6> U httct \l l*. a f,t Lt \8 t,l'B#4tr6 t I E=t \:f E"

[b D ir/: v'.1 is used when we re happy or we re thankfirl." *> D ll/:v'" HTEXsj, 4*z\Bifrrf .

[6 D ir/:v.] = 7lg rI , ,J^]dJ 4ql "Jd]q4.

M: O*.;z{?ic. rri:J Dff"F : 1. t*v.. @&j:!l!_;L_(""

tl/" z2. L'i ?. @*j7E6_9.

3. ?/Lt*@A |, ilr!t("t.

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a,zto 2 3l

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z8rJT**d"It means "you were late, even though I asked you to come erly''. Using f @ l:l can show that we are not satisfied or that we ue mgry."9(*rLEctitilD6, lEtL/: (EAEAiXA11 +,{*, 41*p.6l4j)" H!HE. "ol:" tzriiim16ffi. ,Ifrg.ffiI1*"rgq ezlr gtl.l;J, *94r = a.JL.l4 . f or-) € ^l+61tr €"Jol+ Ehi 7le€ +qB + 9l+qq.

@"'iO,t... 6 6l \l*= ^

t t hrEln tc Z tlzts t 1 gE.It mems the woman was, or both of them were,late.

qal E= F ^l+ E+ =94= a.Jq4.

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: (E: (L r 6 Z t!-*tt 6iE:Ft; t*/J U * t/,.As the man sap, [ ] i.a /:l , it would not be an appropriate reply to what the angry woman said.' tt' c /:", Z"-AAI+hk

^4<ffinifi FtFlA.

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za (1) aya lE.f.6lEZI{-':+zDn*T.

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B L,A 3 fcZ t o+E-aE' t fi;*L,8 UT A* Iu x c .

You have practiced basic exercises for improving listening abiliry and exercises to learn

the format of examination questions from Unit 01 to Unit 05. Lastly, we have prepared

two trial examinations so that you can practice in the same way as the actual test. Test

what you have practiced so far and check your abilities.

tr. fE.qH ^sru 6i,tfril jUrriE 6 ( ff€EE jn"ii Etfr,,J " EuE i{ H nl L-(TIr,iEif,tft ii, L]

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unit 01 o]l4 Unit 05alzl Adllqg 71a71 +I+ 7le4dJ "J+4 ^jBJ +4196J!l€ g7l ,"15J EqlF F?#q4. olzl49e. g4l {16J9 g+ql u}Er ql*'-J

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E

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(1) (2) y lt"J ol q+ql 5q gl+qq. (3) +El(7) e J-6Jel +ol E6I gt+qq. (3) g lr,:)2y77"1

4h' 6H,z-6E*=iFFBtEfrffi ffiffi t t,-=22 x3

ol 9ol 9lr (4) +El (T € lo>) 7l tl"l "l gq 9l+qEi. (5) g gElg "lxl+.il [#Lv.o] el fa)71 9.^)"J, dl4g l/-) ol qzl ?++q4. (B) +El(10) 3 TdJg +"1 E;I 9lr, (8) g tbl , (9)

=lfll , (10) 3 tDl 7l lA,) o=. Hill 9l+.Jrl. tc*/"tsv._l [/Frrev.J [€61"/*v.] F If rav:];11A!)l 7l I A,/ev,) 7l g= 4+71t++qEl.

tffiE 1I<<ffis>>(L) U->le0(2) lJ/:il/:(3) (cfD(4).'6+i"6+(5) DbDz)(6) L">rt'0

tffiE2l<<FS>>(1) oe)@(3) @(4) o(5) o

E *;*oH*Ar, (1) -*m6rhtil(P.43)

IffiHI<<#g>>

( 1 ) * E 6 /-db< ar+t-afr/-f u, 6l[t ^n",(vr i f i..

( 2 ) fnJn.A-i/:v.lE arl*dkal.v.[Ebl, b6 ?

( 3 ) ERtfr t:r* tlEtv\:. :r- e -tra*6lElir-l.o /:"

(4) zsy : v&E(ffi,li;tlLvr&tttD, dLatr,EA6tev.L. fl@{rau."

( 5 ) =&r6a2

tlEFlrr-l.- /.lt.ll'la a <l+-

v. = L r i:f 6[F5ll:cvr (fl6 Lt.

<<H#>>bl'L LD,LI(+,(2) t (3) tr. h--flMffiKnrti-*.0>+r,=-'>,

(4) i:rt--.: a*qt1" (5) (61 ,6}#Wdiffiff--E:l?feo(v.*f. (5) tJ lrt'':./-) aw:&ii

t,fiFo t+&r 6 6 c /:#Hir.tr,, /:l d)+i:. [#fr1tffiWtb l-+&f 6 b-crc)rtr&ru) *.'f " (6) ll.te+il L Iftfl) a-->aeidrcWdiffiir&>c(.

Lri Lr ( t,I *+IJ aWffifiFo) [ : o HA-l 7-175r@vr(vr 5 J

o+l:ll. l-/t'l A#,qf blcd>a [:o)HAc/c.l,ra D *i-.In (2) and (3), there are two noun-modifying clauses in

each sentence, and three in (4). In (5) and (6), there are

double noun-modi$ing clauses. In (5), inside the clause

thatmodifies [r.lJ&-i ,T+&(' 6 b->/c#ffirtr]'':,/:l,thereis t+&f 6 t>->lc) whichexplains l-#ffil.In (6), there are modifring clauses for two

"ouns, [Ail]

and ltl$l , and inside the clause that modifies tA&.j ,

Il OHAo /-,l1rr@v\(v.5], there is Ii OFd

*'>lcl which explains [,/ll .

trafr\fti5, &.e)ftE (3) +€ffit, Et+tFE=t"(s)(6) +FlEi#l6tfrHffiEXA" &@ +, "r.tfi," F!

fi€E "+&16 b a /:#ffiii )'-> /c", AE+€iE+,"+tr" trffi-t€iF,E "+&'e {, r>.;/c"" EfalF,"*+r" fE "fr+" 86,lE,affiF-]F-, "att" E!€i€E ":oHA,t,,\rr@v\(v, b" ,&ts+F-.i4+, ",/l."

trA-+EiFE "loF{Aolc".(2) el (3) e B^l +^l€ol Ee b14.il 2 tl, , G)

"I= 3 4l 9l+qEl. (5) (6) g E^l +4€ol ol+9-q.9q 9+q4. (5)

= lr.ril"l I +4lasl t+&'C6 Dct#ffidr,^..:tl oJ"ll t#fi15 €B6l= t+&'C66":/:.i zl 9#u14. (6) g tA+t.l e+ tit$l2 7I9 B^tql +4€"1 gjt ta+il I +^1€.J t;o78*-/-,/\rrEDv\(v'6.l dJoI= t l = €€6.lzl+l6J t. of6A ->/c) zl "l+q 4 .

4 *TDOFJilE (P.46)

lr'1821<<##>>2

<<fi+#>>*At:( L ,aa^tt, i8fi.ffiI o IatTai6(tafiiI

:Llt fft4/j) tE">(v.*f. ZL<, ljat.f

rr D OEf A,tt ffiLzai,E ) tr.6vr(4.I i ,. L.Rc(v. b) tE.c(vr*f. :iLrr6i_a)Hft

L

w.2l L./s\ A j 6I:511 )tifst) tt" &Ih.al+

fi' r>b x -c t ffiLT < 6.1 6 I t rs 0 A a Lt:'ii < )L v.i r Lrf. *#o+a: a lra#fi.#o;L rfrrE awertibD t-f rt' 6. itHL( < /j6v\o

Thewomansays,itis t^tu4/j1 forlB)TA i 6(tAfrl i I i" option 1. And then, she says, I h L r* 0 AW3/-l:SJi- 6l),Ei 2.ffivr(4] i r.L,B.c(v.6-1,so you can choose option 2 I t te 0 a a blaft < )for the answer. Finally, she says, [4i.6 t, I . t ffiL( < 6l which can also be interpreted as I t fs\ Aibla'fr < I . You should note that the expressions in the

conversation and the expressions in the multiple choice

options are sometimes different. kf1Jt:ifl,tbt*tfr t "E

'taa b r;tast a" F-^t1fl\ ("^tr.4ff"). flitrii,"}jL/s l) oEi l,l:ffiLbrt'E ) /.ffivrr&I j i.L.E c (v.6". ;!ilt4.€T6+p;[t+q 2 " t ra D 0) ir,tt:'fr <" " &'a-{Jin "+fi'bt r c LffiL( < b" &,F." Lrc0 ai r'rc'fr < " FIHE. €EiAim+'fFEg!idi*ffEt+4+F!^-f+, ffiqfi uEH"

olxlE tl4zl r I lEttDa 6rtAffii I 6l= 4C t^ft.4/j1 el-z 'J6l-l. 9+qEl. -r4 j1 lhtraDoE3A,t:FJi bn'E' 7.91v.(4r i /.L.Ea(v.b ) +jL "J6l-r1 9t+q + . "14"1 qlB9 d4zl Z t Lrs D D i bt:f1 1l 7l B qq . "lzl Elql I 4rt' bL t ->

LFf L(< 6lE ILraA0>iLt:'fl<l4= a"Jq4.elsl +9 "J4 dq;(l9 "Jol 4= +719l9sE +96ll +41^lg.

ffi$.ffi#,

Unit O2t'17 hrEffi

E EOffi8Wt) Q) -Et (P.49)

IffiEI<<fi49>>

(l) f; <*foi (( 2 ) tJr'D *tJ: i. D

(4) Z((*E(r(( 5 ) *j &rr 4 tr.1r+g fu/r- 7)rpr

(6) tZ"t( **ill"/:a3( 7 ) L";r. N>-D->/t'b(8) a art\b+a'rt\b(9) tfrbart\+lfrb-lr\(10) ftlD-fctJD

<<fi4FH>>

(1) r.b (4) *rr*. F$trt: [o.l ir,l..'(v.*f. (b) r'6 (8) *rlr$H*rls1,,c-)(BrrAbo/c6orf. fiU.i_tf (5) rr6."ongakukai * ongakkai" L . EE "r" fli3 ( t3 -r(. [r] aftEEls->(v.*f" ;itit. iLtJ&€( L<Fv.{,f ( -f 6lcdt:ct. (5) (6) ti.i€+o#,Ah A+ < L 3 tJ [#A,rr ( i.v.] [tA,/: ( 3 J t #zJ'/sII ttlf/3 | t3rzro)f, i+€ L(( tEv." (e) tl*6#ia I ) ) zii l->) L/c-)

t' :itJr\/c 6 of. lH.FtYt + 7'lo L 3. J < f€r,. * f. (10)

li [+lt 0 ) a </jti/:Ev.frj-.In (1) to (4) ,1._l is inserted into the words. In (5)

to (8), the vowels are removed and the sound changes.

For example, in (5), "ongakukai" changes to "ongakkai"

and the vowel "u" is dropped, and changes to the

pronunciation of I c I . This kind of change is made

in order to shorten expressions and to make them easy

to pronounce. In (5) and (6), when writing the reading

of the Kanji , you should always write it in fulI such as

lril"rr( i'v.],ltA,/e( *J . n (9), Ii-l ofthevolitional form changes to [o-], and it is often used inthe "volitional form * z)i " pattern. (10) is an informal

expression for lfll g I .

(r) 4U (4), iA+r[,\ ".". (s)atJ{.|,]r'+^fr.Efr.+TEA. (5) F! "ongakukai > ongakkai",zr* """ Z..fr-e,{.F1"7 " -" . B€iEFffifgllLrnn +tu19r.4N,. RgEH&5 (sX6) ln? F'!i*B r-'J, 95,fr " ii,Lzf ( i. v. " "t

4r,5H,i;-6 E*-#eE/lffim ffiffi F L-- >r'N3

l"t( *"" @Es,".tAfrt1\ "a" N.fr,l "-". ,trt\M

F,!ini*"(1) +El (4) vl4Z 016.l tal 71 5q g+qEl.

(5) +q (B) 4zl= s+ol $qZlr. +ol EaJ aoJq4. ql= 5q (5) I A+ , "ongakukai - ongakkai"

4-a e€- "u" zl g1olxll [-l 9 9g-ol qq 9]#qEl. ol= "Jg *21 6lq EJ6l7l €41 6171 96I^JoJqrl. (s) (6) g +rl 9l= Hg € "rl= l*:;,Lir( i.v._l

ItA'/:( 3J r-ll rlo| alpg +961 +d^19. (9)

= 96J€ (gzl€ ) g ti ) zll-),+ g aoE rg6J€ (9zl€ ) +/.r g ,'ll + 6q4. (10) I rg^lrI Hl"J .tr€"JLlq.

Erit r' ; r'AFlffiAtcD,OFF-*. trtn(2)

,rr\5rr ;-,I,FH

(P.51)

tffiH 1)<<fi+s>>

(t) v+*(2) r i.^/r.d x(3):l'i7r747(4) 7 > r- t, 7vE> |(5) 7?t+t)-, fqf 't >

<<#FH>>

(fr|) member( I ) manner( 2 ) advice( 3 ) volunteer(4) enqu6te (zz>zi4), present(5) accessory. design

IffiH2)<<ffig>>(1) oe)@(3) @(4) @(5) @

<<ffi=H>>

(fitJ) *ffio "interview" zJ'6" )tl:*-;(ffAH< : L r9-" n / )v-7aW;iJl: 6 rs I *f"

( I ) FFBO"cost"i.6"*;6rir\rrA : L -ef.[:lx h/ri.i.6J [:x l.rrHLr_] ot i i:fEv.*-i-"

(2) *ffio) 'cancel" z).tr. fl*t+F-tt.v>b. L -ef. I ftlr1l#,a+#Jt * r > t )vt 7a )tA+o&lFA * r > t tvLt ) a J.i t:1qv.*-f. il /tv-Jafi--f,t:L<l (&v.*f"

(3) +ffiO 'image" rt'b" ttrt,tEl- !) ffiv\/:0 Ll:b L.,i.o+l:E-cT\>Tatrae'f " f 4)t - t-hru\\\ /Sv._l I E A,/s 4 ] - j tt*<>(v.*fi.J ollil:&v.*f. IIIf )v-jo)frfr1:6 /r D *f.

( 4 ) *ffio"over" zJ' 6 " il f )v -a Ofuilll: L<.

[7Ht t -zt -t 7" ] I A Ea ^X.t

t -rr-Llcl ls t'rf.

(5) 7 t 7 z.-#a 'sabotage" a) l+fiJ l:, ffH'f 7'*8fta [6] ir:t,.<- | /)v-Jo)AFI t+fi6 ) t=tg\ * L/c. Lrrtlltlj&f /3vriL&L/rvrLv.) -'Lff" t&:Fa+,$-61 t+&a}fi6 ) oli l:ffr,.g*1.

Example: This word is derived from the English word,

"interview". It means meeting people to talk to them.

It can be used as a verb of the 3rd group.

(1) This word is derived from the English word, "cost".

It means to cost money and it is used in expressions

suchas[:X l..rrr.r.6l ,;:X I.rrffiv\] .

(2) this word is derived from the English word, "cancel".

It means deciding that a prior arrangement or plan

will not take place. It is used in such situations as lftff&o1*ia+ r, t )v-r 7a l,lts$.aKtfrt * r > t tv

Ltl. It can often be used as a verb ofthe 3rd group.

(3) lhis word is derived from the English word, "image".

It means something that stays with you after seeing or

hearing it. We can use this word in expressions such as

[4 t * )r;v.v..,/Eiv'l,l E A,b 4 J - )t$c (r,.* f /.J . It can be used as a verb of the 3rd group.

(4) this word is derived from the English word, "over".

It is used in the form of a verb of the 3rd group and

when a number is higher or a period of time is longer

than we expected. For example, we can say, l+Htt-r\-f 6.1, laFca&&t*-l1- L/c.l , etc.

(5) This word is derived from the French word, "sabotage",

and we add the conjugation form [ 6 ] to "sabo" to

make a verb of the 1st group. It means not doing

something we are supposed to do. This word is used in

situations such as [flStt,$'61 , T+&A*f fi6].(f{)r\+iE "interuiew" nn.'*" XinHlRF.. AEMIEv

+4iilffi"

(1),t\4ig "cost" ffi*" ttAF!H,B,. ln "=7l.rir.r.b,,"r7.lrr6v\" F!H*.

(2) rU€iE "cancel" ffi*. WlHt\+&itt.ljH'!H,B.. trn "flt'frffi,a+#'Jt + *, i )vt 6" "A+o*!RA + "r vt )v L/." F!H*. HH.ff N+ArJffi "

(3)r{4iE "image" ffiX" FF*.F!HE. tE ",t }-rlr:lrprrzSvr" " E/-ts4 )-ltt*o(v.*fi." Pl

HfA. s.U,Fm+z,hi1"(4)r\4iE "over" ffi*. ffhn+dli;c], tzr]fiE4Fj

Effi*Tfrfiih\" tn "+H,tt-ts*t6" "Aft.o^Xtt-/r-L/:" +ffi}*.

(s)i*iEF! "saborage" fr! "+tfi" hll.tlffi]-"1E " 6",Ithr+4rk1 "t,l-i6"" 1r "ttsa+t*'b" "+Ftt+fi 6 " F'!ffi *, tzi4:t4lff..fr\#1fr 'F.fiZr.lt#,"

( ql ) gqg "interview".i^l . ^l+g EJ+^J ol olTl

E == a"Jq+. nr+ 5;lolzl5. -Jq4.(1) gq9 "cost" 9l^l . 5ol E= a"Jq4. [:rx l-

ffrt'/)'b_) f :rx l.rrHv\l e+ A"l ^l+6JqEl .

(2) €"1 I "cancel" ql^l . ++dl + elc9 r"JFba"J'l+. |ftff&o)T*tt + r > t )vt6l ta5o#J*.t+r>t)v L/:l 4 aol ^l+-Jq4. ilrE 5^lE +5q + #qEl.

(3) gqel "image" ql^l . +fl71= BZ+ =Z+ ++ql "i*4"I B"l 9= a"Jqq. [,] r-Yrrv.v' /#.v' J I E A,ra I' * ! t#->(v. *fr._l el,Jdl

^l-s.Jqq. ilrE: 5^lolTlE -Jq4.(4) €q9 'over'otl^l . mrE F^le +Eq , *zl

+ ^lzol qlaHEl Y+ole 4 î+*q4.I+Htt*ts-tb) l+fr.aLryft t-u\- L/:l FoJqq.

(5) g=J'^q9 "sabotage" I l-+i,fl "i ,++61= ++g t6J 7l Eol^l r rE t.^l tt,li6l 7l gg+q4. 6101 5l= "Jg 617.1 9+=q= g"l"J'14.tftSA +|ff 6 I t+&A +r,ti6

_j e+ rJol ^l+.Jq

El .

E *r*oHeEU (2) -?'#h8ffter(P.53)

tffiHl<<ffis>>

(1) @(2) @(3) o(4) @(5) @(6) o(7) o

ffiE'ffi=ril.

<<fi4FH>>

(FJ), = 7 | f rl tl - 3 /.irL o tlEElt rs I L

T Lt. ->/c.LoiLr(+,+ryffiKftt bt I )= Y3&ltEF&rr(

L< Lt ->le) l:te D *f "

( 1 ) 46fiAirFo /:LF&E/nbrt br,X L* c t"Loj Lr({,L?ffihit L 6 L rffi dA tEtat,i:r) lt(

L*.-clc) l:r3 4 g j'" 4aH ->lcalttL?9-r.6. @ltiBv.*f.

( 2) H-ffit*t:#v' tcltF- Ila JE& l.F,t( r'6.6i-.tr]<ii/.fi":ott:tt lfiLl rt\b I *-ti&rr, ILi-{-

1- 6$vr/:J l1t\.r:Ht/cl t6 i ..tr-#/./jlitA*Ff{/rL/c : L rfr. 6. 6,i. lJ@rf.

( 3 ) il E 3,1 i:Av. i:*/clEEEl"lrrv\/.rr. il.1

El 3 &iJv.&i'o t"Iv. /375.-; /._l o liilJ E E /-ff ,' 6. @il

rBv.*f.(4) g[tr rtA-#rH H 6 ?L< E, < v. 6

lTm * a,ll:;6 Lrt'u.,:"Lri Lr(t,MffiKfrT L6L tStrEItIIJES /-|:AfiLrt'

IJ/:) tt:ts\ *t" ltrc/:l c)lt$trrllr)tt) t t /-rt,6. Ol*8r,.i9-" IIJE3/-tl tHFd L/:"1 alJla ( < tqrdE *Lt J (]rtfi'b,@iiEv.*f.

(5) +8, trs0a?7TaY\rt HL($b"t/clE$EltEL/c.

Lri Ll ( t,Erffiffitt bL. l+ H. f;*€trELtj l:

ts D t.t. : o)tl: lt[f* )trrb 0 * t&rr. tf;+gAtrL< {: D "' /:l tfi*#tELl: ) a-tttLrf. Tf;+€aA L/cl o)t.Jt|ctdd.* 0 *.t /-,'8, Oi*Ev.*f"

(6) t 7 E l"rrBr.6++"2 < * ( < *LftlEETlA+A 3 A,l: 6 *)LlI i LE- (v.6o

+ /. 3 i,rr*j *T & *$c ( 8 /: a? It &> 9

* ril"r. 6@ll€v. * -l-. td) + tr1 11$vr (A D *rii,rr. t6tlI i LErl'1.r[_l a)t*

f,/,rfr.6. @iji6v.*f.( Z ) E& trs@,3-;h;tfi]t:hffit fi, -> < v' aE,r,: E a

lf i ir/.c t"@a lvltficl:l tt Eblri irLti L

rtt&) ?] *ri/,r.6€v.f f. [,Et:,A.-/cloiJEA(" il6 9 *t/-/r' 6. @ltEv.*-l-"

(Example) If we remove the modi$'ing clause, it will be

1fi'6H,i.6 E*#BErFfiffi ffiffi l- r-:>7 N3

I 2 a > Sl"ttEEtrr < L( L* ->/c) .

(1) Ifwe remove the modifring clause, this will be [4it+tElixrtafrrlf(L*.'cld . It was I who bought

the book, so @ is not coffect.

(2) In this sentence, there is no [fA] , U"t t L,Jl - |. Agv./c] ,1ft,4.1:F,t/c.l ,and [6 a-H,#,tuti)are all what I did, so the answer is @ .

(3) The person who was not there ( [ v. t3 1. '> t ] ) i.Mr. Yamada , ro @ i. not correct.

(4) If we remove the modifying clause, this will be [*[FItdJHAl"l:ffLz1'lJ/d.Who was bothered ( [ENc

/:l ) is not the head of the department, so @ is not

correct. Mr. Yamada does not question ( tHFd Ltl ).

It was he that was questioned ( IHH 3 ir./:] ), so

CD is not correct.

(5) Ifwe remove the modifring clause, this will be [48.fi**&ELtl .There is "" [f,]'J in this sentence, but

itwas I who tf;+gA€L< 6 6 o /:1, tf;+eaEL /c I . Th. person who tfi*€ t A L /c-l is not me,

so @ is not correct.

(6) Ms. Kim did not bring sweets with her, so @ is not

correct. Although it is not written in the text, it is I who

I fr>lf l, L,E,o (tr.6l, so @ is not correct, either.

(7) l#tfr,-> /cl in @ was not what the robber did, so

it is not correct. It was not the painter wh" IJE l:,tr,oftl , so @ is not correct, either.

( frf ) *+S.€i*F,t fr,i " ! a 7 E lvliSEA ri ( La L*. c l:" "(1) *+sEiFdt,fi 7 " wtt+tEfabtt:bt f< L* "> t:" "

*+F!€+k, trrll@Tff.

Eri/:" "6 i .'H#/-/J A*[?[E+t.f&E!S'f€. trrttA+E@.

(3) "v\Ar'rl:" EtIEjEA, trfh@4xj.(4) *+4€i*dirtT "gtrFttiliE e A,r:ff Lr.it/:" " h

xEf! ("El-/:") 6€*ltK, trJfte^ff" drEjt4Z.EiETEA ( "AFd L/:" ), mEjifi r"l# ( "HPf, 5 rL

/c"), trft@Tl{"(s) *+S.€igBtttT "+8. f;*€tiE L/:" " ts6lifrE7S

H"tL" ,trB"fr+gAAL( 6 e'o/c" "fr*#&iEL/:"

?[E+t'f&F!+'lH. i6 iF]A ( "f;+g&€ Lt" ) fl!z;€&,trrlbe4ff"

(e) TE4'#ffi*F!,F,h, trtt@Txj" E1+19.Htr, ltr

E "bV I ) LEa <v,6" F!€+i, trttt@Txj.(7) @Txi, Eh"kt fi - /:" F!;F€4''f6i. "IFl:,^', /."

fr\6F-trr?, trtt@6xj"(q ) +4€9 ilXE r)a >6/.ltry-Ht rr( L(L

t-;/et zl B'J4.(1) +4€g dlB r4li4AtsEbliblf<Lt.->lct 7l

Eqq. 49 + ^l+g +ol7l "]+ql @e 5BqEl.(2) ol E+.il^J y tfiL_t zl S4 "J r p,$- h A#vr/.r

rfrAl:F.ri/:r rbi-tr-#i,/jr ts d*'llzl *"Jolos dE-e @EqEl.

(3) rv. /31..7.r ts 6lEL4 alol p g @= EB q 4 .

(4) +4eg 4E r$Fl*ilHtsl"l:ffLr'trfl:t 7l

9qq. rfflot] + 4e +*Hul dlqss O+€B q 4 . ol"l4 4 E rHPf, L/cr zl ulrlel rAH

ttv/ct lzl @e SBqq.(s) +4Ag !!Xd r+E. f;$€tf Ltr 7l Bq4.

ol ++ql= tftL-t 71 9.;<l+ rfr+#A€L(6 6a/:r rAtiELli.t ? +8q4. rfr*€&FL/:: E

'lzl olulg-e Oe =Bqq.(6) 'J 4l= 4?il€ zl4& lol olrl ps @= €Bq4. E+ql= ,"q fl4 9+zl+ rarlri L,Ko(v.6r E 4ol.l"l @C

=B q +.

Q) @g t#tft-;let =

E+ol + 4ol dlq =.q 5gqq. r)E[:l,/. t E 4zlzl o]tJs=- @g 58q4.

4 rtEDoFdE (P.s6)

[F"lE2l<<#s>>1

<<ffi#>> :h a Lldl l - ffiL & L /: v'4H t u' b v' bE'c (

v. * f ir. E&i: l-*[EA *.i-/e e>Rft l>Eb 6t,L.B,.' (l LEc (v.(. aiLri+go)ItHff"Itfi,afrfrolf ) itt l -: E LOIIH l:A-r (v. 6 Ji [:.F.i_*trr. E&*c] < mv\( ( /j 3v..The woman lists many reasons for wanting to move

house, but, in the end, she says, "I thought that my mood

would change ifl got a new place to live."fhis is the real

reason she wants to move.The other reasons seem to be

appropriate, but listen carefirlly until the end-

kffiin l &.+Mffi46!4 S, &trif. " ffiE& 4. i-tcbfltl64.b 6i' 1,ts: (", BZ-EEEF!4*. tr'fe,

ffirH fr E lt){str+ fi^ffiXft1B fr , {EE*$^€. Fft U M1A

EfratJ&.tr, trEUEffiHtA+"ol4= ol^lE 6lr dg ol+= qel zlul uJala gl

zl u.l , ulzl qrol rolg El+E TIEE Hlg 4 zlrJ:L 44dlrlr 4r. g6lJ. fl=ql , ol4ol dal "l+oJqEl.4=- olfrzl ol^|g olfE ",t= 4 ?41 ^g494"J,ulzloltfizl e Eq Bd^19.

hln!t,,9;.3IH=IEffi

tr EoHgAU (3) -Z0)IE (P.59)

IffiHI<<ffi$>>(1) $-i/"Li-Js'\A,L(2) a>/-Di < 3vr*&D,{,D( 3v.(3) 6)v.:,/'vrt$of.v.(4) <4rt\+?>rt\(5) SDpo*$l)c(6) Lrol;"6'>+lf,<>(7) Drg'>l\A''Dc"Bii,( 8 ) lB- /: L J b-)fr .> leb. i-(9) a bb-i.cr:>(10) fA*ri1"--fr1rg{tu

<##>>tli*, Lrir!((1) (2) rJ, E#rr€@3ir(v.Ef. (:) l*

iri5a Llit?(€E ti.l LEB [vrl fg466p1'pr]f. (4)

l.ibL <<bLtfEE til nr'EE t-j i:r3oaprgf. (5) (6)

tabL Lrah?(

$ffiEa t,oj nr€u63lr.(v.*f" (6) a l?6t)tatJh Lriti(at-2affi&ir€B8fu(v.tf. (7) a lL}l a

#glf.+tt[ D o c _]-1lE i _ yglzavtftir. I Dc I6bD*f. (s) ii ral *rEffiai"<, -#rr€<

a,(v.*f. (9) riffif L * t3&i ( /iti/:Ev.fi<,Ih-t') I?-t ) IE"cL) /rD660t-f"(10) tl [Aj oT$iirr ( rsc(EB [v.l /jdl:/ra/:i LtJ(". ffi < L * tii6 bA J < Fflv\(v\6orttav\rLr ir.. ffifiH,z< ( ff8v..In (1) and 1Z;, tft" FS are omitted. In (S), the FSt i Iand t}le 6g: [vrJ are omitted. In (4), the tr* l-i.lchanges to the'[EB [:I . In (5) and (6),the S€ l-,o]is omitted. In (6), two #S ut" omitted in the word, [fffil .I" (7),1D- ) is used for [10] even though it isusually pronounced I D ug c] these days. In (8),1 b )is omitted and the word is shortened. (9) is a casual

expression used only in conversation. Th ere are also f &> ->

t'1, I ?. bl,l Eo61, etc. (10) is an expression

in which the consonant of I /1.I is omitted and only the

vowel, I vr -l , is left. You may hear this form used more

often. It is a good idea to memorize both of them.

(1X2) +AffiTKE" (3) +AffiTKE 'a" tuLE"vr"" (4) +KE "r" AFtT{trE "."" (s) (6) +€-ffia {48" @" . @ +W" +'ffi" AWTffi+WrE. (D +" 10"

ffiE . ffi:aE,

WEE, &WIAnTk "t),p-",1!,EIUii "Dc". (s)

+AWT " b" , iitAET. (e) €tri*+&[€trFlifr,*,6H'&>-6" "?">t'" "E"cb" +iill*^. (10) + "4"A\ffitrÊF, J].fttT-E "v.". *hA)E+, HryFf|J

H\vtr&" '€JE6I#FJCE.o.) Q) = *+dl ^J+gq g+qq. (3) e *+

til e+ s+ [v.] z] ^B+qq 9+q4. (4) = **li)zl ++({EE\1">)zl9q 9t+qq. (5) (6)

+ s+(&B) tol zl d+qq gl+qEl. (6) I t+'di)

= 2 zl9 s+(&B)ol ^d+qq 9l+q+. (z)

I t10_J 9 gge rl#g tDl9?l iljl "J6l= A+7l Y+;<l+, [Dal E 9l+q4. (8) e l4] 7l ^B+99 *"lzl *.14 gl+qEl. (e)

= "J+ q 2t= Hl

"J -cde-tr l&>.>t') l?.ctr) lE"ct>l 5'E 9l+q4. (10) e tal 9 zl*ol $.q4 s+ fvrl u3og

€ "J-tr , 59 "I= ol+g zl+ Ey 4+zl y+xl ?+g

4 -Jq+. o&+ s+ 7196I +d^ls.tt,h'\' ; r' tll" .2 ffiffiQtzDOFF*.tIE (3) -FEE(I )

(P.61)

tffiH1I<<ffig>>

(1) o(2) @(3) e(4) @(5) o

IffiH2I<<ffis>>(1) o(2) e(3) @(4) o(5) @

gtt*oH*noJ (3) -&i€. gg.( - ?) 6lf 6./ $ b a ,/ <nA (P.62)

IffiH 1I<<#€>>(1) @(2) @(3) o. @(4) @(5) o

l0 E1l6fr.Za Et#FÊttft

(6) @(7) @(8) @. o

<<##>>(frf l) l-t ->T&>tf/e ) r9-r.6. illBt6&rrEl

43 A'afcd>l.ryHt t v) t L/c.L i: ttt'

@J2) I L 6'ritl ttF.:ryvr-f. rljE6l"r\'Etr3 l"l:64rL(. E+3 /,rrgFA L D

* L/:"att 4 n\'

(frJ 3) t L bttl:) I**.hV,,rrt. H+3l"rr€Httu)*Lt"

(1) IFL(66ctl -Cfi.t>, 1'r v6&rr+A { l"i: tAL( ( /j3 v._l L *sffiv. L(.+a 3l"rr€L* L/:.

(2) t< l3 3a/:l tt t(itl:l aH'trrW<-f"tl: 19.1 ttbt) *.tLnr.[( ir./:.] lrfta (fLD r )v-ja L) l:t11_"696 : L ('fr. b,JE4ErriX 0 *L/c.

(3) tF,ri<6 6ol:l 'efr.6. t) /E/-ir lH/:r,:l L 7'l E/,t"*.Fv.L<. 7 4 t /,ltEt* L/c. ff/'0.F,/:o)lt, > 8A,ff"

L i:ltf(4) tEl bt6l ttfulyVct. q3trt6t3vrJ. LfI < AL\: t rsEtt6of. Errtr q ta"

( b ) l-**. (; 3'ri/:l,a'6:ltlLc-f. HE E A,

,rl(${ A'tt=l?zi.. L(. tFE i,ir**c ( 3* Lt.

(6) [v. Dd>6tt/c) a$.hVr-f" ft#3l"riilJTE&tv.DeD* L/c.

(T ) I E *>tttc I a9,h'#c-l.. ffi^ 6 i,r.-{fiffE /-I: lh L/:ltJE/u/rv.Tl LEv.* L/:"

ilt t |tt.( 8 ) tffi* ttf:J tt*.hV<i" E+ 6l"ri t A

3 i,l:fts4ffi8-!Lt:"(Example 1) As the phrase is I t -c ( b llt J , Ms.

Yamada took the picture for Ms. Tanaka.

(Example 2) I L b'atlcl is M|FM. Ms. Yamada asked

(ordered) Ms. Tanaka to take pictures, and she took

them.

(Example 3) t L D it /c_J is *.hM. Ms. Tanaka took

pictures of Ms. Yamada.

(1) As the phrase is t F L < l> t' .> /: I , Ms. Chan

askedMr.Kimto [GtL( < /jEv. l,soitwasMr.Kim who lent it.

(2) t < /j E c /:J is F-W.M for [ ( i'ul:l .There is

"o [*LJ in this sentence, but [ ( ill:] refers to an

action which is done for me (or people in my group),

ffiffitL-->?N3

so it was the teacher who sent it.

(3) As the ptuase is l-flri( 6 6 a t] , Ms. Lin asked

Ms. Ai if she could see ( t -tr /: t7r I ), and Ms. Aishowed it to her. Therefore, it was Ms. Lin who saw it.

(4) TE 6ii6l is/tF|kM. His brother does dangerous

or bad things and this causes his mother problems.

(5) [S- ( a 3't]/:-l is M.itkYt. Ms. Yoshida gave

instructions to Ms. Mizuno, and it was Ms. Mizuno

who brought it.

(6) [t,r l)d> btttc) is *.HM. Mr. Sato bullied Mr.

Yamashita.

(7) lEt>*tic) is *.hM. Mr. Suzuki said to Mr. Sato,

lEEltEit/rvttl .

(e) tffi* fu/:l 'rs *.hM. Ms.Tanaka askedTorn to do

ajob.

( fil 1 ) tr}JE " L ->( btftc" Ffiu)EfiHJt+.'AF,+ft&flHfrtfE"

( FJz)" t bqtlc' EIFltg" dtEftei#* (Et'ft+) E

+it+, &E+ftkh(ew--rffi"(f,J3)"t bttte" E+rtil. ElFft+f;HTffi.(i) EIXE "HL(6 b-:te", Ffit:)E4,lK$4'#ii, "€

L( ( /j{v.", ifrfifilEzl.#"(2) " < lj6 ->tc" F " lttt:" tu1€,ffiW" 6l+Ef,tit€

" fl^", [HF- " ( ttle" tzrr'J+tElfi FfE,,\fl+trFt+ffi ,

Ffiv)htu\^F*ZIF"(3 ) El i€ "-E {f < $ e> -> /e",Ffr D)Ezl $f,}'.fzJrf if "fl /3 1 r",

frtffi t l:rtfr t l:fffiA " tr.ftEja4ErlFE.4"frffJ4ilF "

(4) " w bt 6" F-fftk. frfrtff.ftwelntrffi+ffi , &tgLllq}jG.

(s) " #.t ( i 8'ti/:" €&{. Efrft +lEm7KWft+,iLTKWe*1.

1oy "v.DD6lrt:" E&4t" e#ft,+W.f1T ilJTftA"(z) " E tcltt:" E&4r " #ftft,+xttr#lft+in " EA fl It

E?tt*L.-e""(s) "*i * ttl:" F*at " fr + JE+ilttJWfr+l&+.( ql 1) f L oT&>tflct oltlz| olulQ ,tl= 4+7t 4l

= +ldl^l ^ld€ 49+qEl.

( ql 2) f L 6.ri/:r =- ^lq€"JLi4. "Lolcl 4l= E}+

4 4l.ll/il +q ( BB ) 44 44zL ,lllzl ^ld$4q+q4.

( ql 3) f & t>lttet Y +++"Jq4 . 4'lzl 4171 ^14g 49+q4.

(1) rAL<S t>->tct 6llvl* ulzyz14l"il1l rFLr( /:'Ev.L 4-z P99 6ll^l ? 4{7} gejig+q4.

(2) r< ff8ctr ts r( ltlc.r I +U €'JqEl. ++9l rfl,r E S4 EJ r ( *r-lcr E + ( Lll :zBg ^l+ )

"ll rll 3ll^.1 6I= 63 g ol E e d ^J H ol -H-*+q 4 .

(3) r-Et<{: b:/e: ol sE fl /nl7l r{a dr}r e}

a olol alqlil +qql^l olol al=. trq+fl+qEl. :rzlsE. e ae A r4Eqq.

(a) lffi6'ri6: =^]E€dJqE]. BF.Col 96J* "Jol4 #zl 9** oJ Fg 6lqzl $ulz| S-z.ltN{ulr}.

(5) r#c(i3t/cr = ^lE€oJq4.

g^lEl rlTiEl=l- 4l ollZl 7'l^l6loj El?u

^l7l 7l4q+q4.

(6) rv. Dd> t>tttct = +F€ E q EI . ^lE 4l zl olEl

^14 ,,q= !lE:fl+qq.Q) lEbttle t = +F€"Jq+ . a:771 4l7l

^lE 4l

ql4 rLll"Jg =zl "J4i 4l "J*6ulrl.

(8) r#i* *r/:r = +-F€.J Lltrl . ulrlzl 4l7l E 4l oI

,il g9 +q*+q4.

IffiE2I<<Fg>>(1) o(2) o(3) o(4) @(5) @

<F#,>>(ffi) no^lrr4o^t:ftst [f cLv.( (f c

<J:;v.()l L Ec (vr * f '.6.

lna Ltrrt CI

^tt=tt8-tffiLfi ) t ra D *.t. alL&

i tJ ,t EluEh*t.t 6 L@r-f .(r) Eo

^nrlto)At: lt z< &< ) L Ec (,

< rLr.'a ^fft

z t. L /:" i nt fnl,&\.t=

f6 Lorf"(2) *oLrtr [b D

'rL i I LEoTHa)yrtrt

6 a L.tH/-acvr*f. ffr.b. O(f"G) ko^rtr [,1.'26+tr) (],"c(ti/je))l

L Ec ( v. * f '.

b,* -A0Airil.c.* L t i &

t:/r tl *f. atLtf.hyt:tA t@ct"(4) *o LrtJ lijffia ( /i 3 v..] L t"'E',. L (.

EaLrtif brt'-/:) LEi-/caa,@o l'#-;T 4> r' "> /:l i: a t] * t-. Ott [at]/\rrqa Lt'ft -ctl L v. ; gmo&Ftr-A-.

G) ta^rtr9goî: l-'#,ttia ?l LFflvr<v,*f ,'6, 4oArrE;ilt#,/-f a L i:13 4 1

iu A ,kL-f" .rL&*.q*.t:g6L@rf" oti t^c) rr E FtA-ifi r"fl & v. i guFo&?ii"eg-.

(Example) The man asks the woman to do a job ( [f cL t,.( (t-r (*3vt().1 ), so the answer is [4O rr4o,/r'i:&SASF&/j.1 . @ is the *.h*. fo'

ffiE'ffi=in 11

this sentence.

(1)The man said to the woman, l4 i-< 4T ) ,andthen the woman thought. O is the &fi t for this

sentence,

(2) The woman says, [ 6 U) fir L. a .l , and she is happy

about what the man is doing. So the answer is @ .

(3) The woman says, [J,c 6 + ff u) (f,,c ( ttta)) ],which means she is giving a warning. @ is the *4I for this sentence.

(4) The woman asks the man to [*;ffi6 ( /j 3 v.l and

the man replies I bll'-t /:-1, so the answer is @l'ft-T i> E, "> tl . O is the f€itt which means IAO

^rttrycl-^tt+->/c) .

(5) The woman asks the man, [ ffi /- la 0) ? _l , so this

means that the man read her diary. @ iu ttre €4*for this sentence. @ is the {Fit* which means [Ao) rsHFt&ffi/"/jl .

( f! ) F Hf xitrFlifr,fr,IlF" P c L vr( (t c ( Jsv\ () ",Ffr D)8 " n a L,{Aq)/\ [cf]S a*Frlj" " +Ej]+EJ+N.FXiIBANFIiE@)"

(r) qF!x{f Htin "zi-<4<" #trkfr\tRT" fE

Bt6lTAFi&:rkE"Efr,E@"

@ kE\iX' b q rtr t a ",^JHW4&W+mtrX. FfrUF;O.

@kfr\if, " ).'t' +/iE (La(lt/j&))", EtrtEAqE Ft " +etsaft +*.FnLafrm,E@ "

(4)kfl\ik "#t+L ( /i*v.", HtrliH "bn''ctc", Ffi

D)F@ "t$c(6 bcl:". O€ "ta^lriBo]^tft"tle" tuI|fr'tkFJ"

iE. tEBf6l?*.114'EAlH-drp.O" O€ . k a LrtlE=iiltffi,/-/:' W&LVH.

( ql) +:tzl olxlqzl 99 rf c lvr( (f c(Jev,r)r elr "J6lr 9lg=.e. rBaL*rAaLIE&.St$F,a,/i: 7l €qq. ol49 +F#e-tr. dl+tr @.Jq4.

(1) $zlz| olzlqlAl tZ Z< 4<r ela "Jola r4l^J olzl

7l ^J4*+qEl. ola€ ^lq+o + Hl+tr O"JLltrl.

Q) q47l tb\rt\t a r 4l *oX pxlz| a1; a35

g 7lrE6-lr. g+qEl. _aelEs O"Jqq.(3) oJzlTl t):ct:+/jr) (,1.o(tt/iE)r elr 96}

.a !l o ps q,+71 +g= = adl €Llq. "lag+5.E- o E ul+€ @.J 'J

trl .

@) q^l7l r$ffiB < f;8v,r 4r +qg ql^l Bzlzltbfi'-c/:.t 4l uliBr} o o E @9 fffi: ( {: B =/eJ zl €u]4. Og rAq) r\Ho)^.tt?olet el

= 9Elel ^lEE.JqEl.

12 4f"bH,Za EtFFBEtEfrF ffiffi F t/- - >? N3

(5) qzlzl HzlglZl l--tfiA,liD ? I zljl E-,1 I o o=V^l7l oJTlZ gle aol Bq4. olE +FEoeEl'ftr OEq4. Og f4oAirEF8tffil"/jr el

= 9"19 ^lEEoJqq.

E *EDOF"IE (P.66)

(F"1ffi21

<<ffig>>

2

<ffi-#>>

Ya+E fF?il lWFfrl L v. i . L tJtJH( **f ,r. ; ;.rttilry3ir.(v.*t/-. 4rlf *6Al:cv.( 6. Al:6F-; (v.*rt/." [86_lL v. ) -' L tf,i*tt)+l ?&> u) t.t A,rtr. lffiEo f* o:' L tlocl1,r,tF. frilfi. fr.t,fi. ffi'o n Id)#[r]t*. fitEo) l-FJ#i o#,EEcg-" t /c. 6t

Lr,Lj( i'taa I +&:-rrt.&#'2 (ft&E*t fj o*[r]ti. tF

+iit< L

Ltr,}}'E-l rf" iEfrffi o'#ffM.htL( v. /r (( 6. lIi.o i L lf f Ec (v\6 : 2.rt\frru) t.t,.6ilHL(( /jEv..In this sentence, there are words such as I B H _l and

l&Ffil ,b"t they are not explained here. It does not say

anJthing about the participants either. There is no word,

of the IF6-l of the lecture. Moreover, [S4."aItl*c(ffi&in* (J in the last part refers to I-F L j^41'E.l . %" should note that, even if words that appear in

the multiple choice options are not used, the same thing

may be said with a different expression.

fr ffi frlifr,EA " xtT- 6E )J8tu1 Lfi,lkH Il /t iHaA. I + e*19H "fr*' r3+i'1, lEF_. "ffi#a L 3 o: L [fr)'>tt'l.h, EE#. nAi, 8.0h" F!*[r], -Ekp.lrE

t#BFr+H!. 6H &.trffi " P-L=artt # o (ffi&-l** r"frI"n{b, E'i€ "FLL;afr*"" ffigi}H, AFiI+4ffi Ef+In+&ffi F! idlt, mH f Hu F!id[.

Ef9l rffiHr r&Ffit 4Y EJol +94EJ, qzl.I^l=€Bqq slzl *Gq4 . +7loJ + g=

^l*ql rl6l^lEdl-+fl t#ol sG:qq. rFJ6'r ol4E "J* s6.i szlsI , rm#r) L I 0): L tfoazl'e.F. [E#, naF. aDtr: FE9 z*49 fFJ6r 9 €B'Jqq. E+, El;<l

"+9 t+A.-ifi Affi c (ft&E** f: 8ts9 rH LjLAFEIoJrJ4. d4zl9 "Jol 2tola glzl tlr.l4s +€" "Je "JB}r 9l= 4*s 91o o= +9Ell +d^ls.

Unit O4fiFftIt,E FOHSNU (4)

-Ef [,ZEtf AEAtEIYn) (P.69)

IffiEI<<ffi€>>

(f ) Hi(r,.(-H,i-(Tef a;"n<,,**ffi,LD+(3) i8'c(L*i'&-t'Pj( 4 ) H c ( L*.'c lc c>-H-> L * -> l: t>

(5) ft'c ($ ( -'ff z L (( 6 ) €4,rft'v\(+IE/v Dv\<'

Q ) +( L/rllielr-F ( Lrr 5 +

1 3 ; $vr(*3i.& ( (tir#v.(*jr'lr < 6 {'( 9 ) *Sb- T Lt' o(v' 7a-Wb'cb <'c( b(10) L(L*c(*:j* aEv\rL6+o L 3 /rf v'

<<ffi#>> L,i!?(

( I ) tt [(v. * j'l ar [v.lir€&Fts ltl:6 o)rf .(2) lf triilrrtD+li:/a2(r,rS-1. (3) (4)It t(L*il ,r [6*,i] t:A-<v'*f" (5)(6) iJ t< (r) fi<l rr tL< (D()l l:ir.(v.*f" (7) il lrrllfi.iJ] ,r [43 +] i:/r-(v.*f. (8) lf [/r((ll.l ir lrr(6+.1 t:/rr(v.*f. (9) ll. lKb'>(Lt'i-Wb">6*,il L [(v.b-ab) riL.,Lxl:tfr.bxt(v.*f" (10) lJ.tL<L* 1-Lr'*'i.i L t($ ( rL ( I 7)rv.- L xt:Ifr.btt(v.*f.In (1), the Ivrl 6f Ia1r ] f -l is omitted. In (2), If it-lchanges to I D+-l . In (3) and (4), [( L* ) I changes

to [6+il .h (5) and(6), t< (('') *,i( J change'

to IL ( (L< )] .in (7), llallit'lJl changes to [/r3 +] .In(8),[/a < (lfl changesto [/3 ( 6*'] .In(9), [#Sb.l(L* i -Kb.> 6+ i] and IaP.5-( b ) are used together. In (10), I L< Li i -L6 + i I and [(*i ( -L ( -] are used together.

1r;"(v. * f"f H!"v."€'ffiT"t21"-cl*"Ant" D+".(3) (4) "( L* i " AFI "+'* i" . (s)(6) "( ("e) ti <'qfi"L < (L<)". e)"lsIJ{Ltl"'Lfi"tr3+". (s)"re

< (li" AFi "/*( 6+". (s)"Khc(l-*.i'W*>-L+i" fiE "<v,b-(b" -fu&H" (10) "L(L jj-LL+i" fn "<*:(*L<" -ts{FE.

(1) g l(v.*f.l 9 [v.l 7] 't+9 a'JqE]. (2)

= lf lll zl iD+l -tr gdl 9l6qq. (3) (4)

= [<

Lt.a)71t6r)l sqq 9l+q+. (5) (6)3[<(r)ij < l7l tL < (L'< )ls qq 9l+q4. (7) I lrrLtlLlll zl [r**{,.l E qq 9+q4. (8) 3 lre(<ttJ 7l Ire ( 6 <,_] s 9ol 9l+qE] . (e)

=. lffab:

<L* i -Kb->6+ i.j 4 [(v.6*( 6 I zl a]41

'4oll 9l+q4. (10) g tL(Lt i'Lu' t'i-l 4t(*s ( *L >(1) vtt/jStvr. e

(2) tstb\' c

(3) FE,L<. a

(4) ELtira(. f(5) fjEl:r'r'0. d

<Fil>>i 1 ; tv./c/J /:9t 6t * L:f{vt*f"

llt'lJi lJAlri l(3) r++Ef bl B lF.al offi-#;+rt. (4)

l&vs.rf a lttf C-{6./ ffftt']o#&;+rf . ( 5 )

[$Et:r.r.6l B tait o]*##i;iir-1.(1) [v./:/j( I i. ffi#;+for [6 ba ].(2) tii- < /jfvrl oft*iE D ( /jEv'l isusedtoask

something in a polite way or to recommend something.

(3) l++F,-f z".l i' a*#i* for I Ha ) . (4) [d Lt'rr6 I is +&F* fot IE,sr ,/ffi.tr.l. (s)tti El l:r.r.6 "l

is#-#;+for [Ai.l .

1r; "v./:/i<" € "6 r'a" h\Hi*i*" tzl "*:tr0( /jEv." fl! "#- ( tEv." EB-1!Ui€*4etI5|J/\'f&++Ff i{Hfr!. (3) "++-Ef b" fr"F b" E!Hi*i*.(4) "ELiri6" E "E.sa,zAhtr" Bletrig. (5) "*5

trrifi'rt'a" E "Ai" F!Ei*iE"

11; [v'/:t<] = t66il el e"]q"Jq4. (2)

ttitr!1 < /:3v.1 I t*i-( /jEv.l = C+6141 +'+614+ fl+e "rl +q4. (3) tF-Ef 6l

" ffl'bl

9 A"JqEqq. Q) lALLrtrbl = tA'r6,/ft{rlI +4"1'Jqq. (5) tt"'El:r'r'6.l = tAil Ieolq"JqEl.

lffiE2l<<fi*€>>

(1) @

ffiE 'ffiin 13

(2)(3)(4)(5)

@

@

oO

<<ffiiH>>ttk(.i J(fU) tFflritE).io)tr=#F$rf. [- L F L*fl

ovc, HEffi/|rEfta&ffit=i L I t.,fEv.*f .

(1) [1166] tr r"ral a#ff.'.+r't-"( 2 ) l-i6Dr:.ltltfr c (1.6ioffffi#rt" [*n

6rrvrj tf IitrD(.[t4vr_J b.ts0t.t"( 3 ) tt"'tha i: tr 6 J t*l-fFtr )ltra" Jal#W*r't'"(4) [v.6->L+ 6l ti [r,.6J f :tj < ] t*6.jtAllr\ 3

d)S&F*'ef" ;.rrl. ltr+ffirr: j rfi.6. [v.6] oHpRtf.

(5) l-ir.rsiJ d tntiaa (fr()l t(tHffif6loHDFo) m<t o#e#ai:r-r"

(Example) l-Ffl is ffii*E$ for tB)l ,In the form

l-- L + L * f l,weuseitwhenweintroduceourselves.

(1) tAE 6J isS&ffi for l"f 7al .

(2) t:F D/j_i is S&o'F for [*[o (v.61 .lfrbtsv r_J changes to I i # D f li lr L.J .

(3) [*:ifhar:rr 6l is +&;+ for lfttrlJE6 ) .

(+) [v.6 ->L+ 6 J is S&ffi for [t,r6-1,l-fi < l, t*6J. Here,because of ljs*ffiir- l,it means [r,rb).

(s) [i r'rri I is ff#ffi for lilta6 (fi ( )"l, f ([gHf6l oHDFo) ffi<l .

(Fl)"fit" E "Ei " f.lH#iE" H*frEr,Jii,HEtr+plwtqfl "-L F L*f".

(r) "/aE b" E "tb" H,1€trLt"(2) "eFD/j' E "fuo(v.6" F!€ffiE. "fo6lrv."

B!€ffiiE€ "i6Drllrsv.".(:) "Fth&.i:r* 7a" E "frt:" ftE "96" Ft€ffLr.1+1 'v't>-> Le6" € "v'b" "ft<" "*a" fi!€ffi#.

H!HH"(5) "i r.rri " F "#ta6 (ff < )" fil "ffi < ("gHf

6, FgHE)" F!Hffii*.(ql) tFft =tFiJ 9 A.Jq.JLl+.t--lFL*

fJ I €eile xlzlazllsJ "l xl.tl9 olEg'Jg']l #q4.

(1) tA3 b) Y lf b) 9 +Aq"JqEl.(2) t:trDrl E [*llc(v'6j I +AqEq4. lfr

14 Elr 5H,i.6 Et#HEtitF Wffi l. v - =2,7 119

brev.l E lifDrltrrv.l zl €q4.(3) [*sfF"1.L:r*6"j= ttrtr] tHal g +Aq"JqE].14; fvrbcL+6.l ts fv.6J [f (.i l-*61 g €a

qEqq. qTlql^l= l-ij+ffirr- l olee lv.61 9 9"loJllrl.

(5) [ir.rril = t;fiiaA (ti<)l r(fdEa]r]r zt

F 9"19) ffi(r 9 AololoJLl4.b L" l'/u\r,g EEto,b1F,€?z6n) (P.73)

IffiE 1I<<#s>>(r) b

(2) f(3) d

(4) a

(5) c

(6) e

<<#il>>(frf) l-Ui ? ) t.Eo(v.*fi'6. E/J6+E

TalLt#-(v.*f. [Ji.of; a] b#iL5t:r<&)*4,rf"

( I ) t+ LB(i 5v.*-tii,rL/.1 ll. Ht1r.'L/: i L l:zv.<<v'iav: l:6+ * 6 & * f.,f{v.tf.

(2) lren'-r.j-r /: I ialtt. b * I H.i_ (v. lri.-tc0, H,i--C v.6 i L t: pffi75r1.2. ->f:gt5 L *. Mfl,o/:Ar,:Mv)*f"

(3) l--a6. -tJ?l ti. *H*l:T t:)\4 7tf6 L * l:f{vr g f. tE+aE= (vr6 i Lt I te t' J OHfrf E c T, 4futr2-sv\< 07Nu f ,l x A tlfl ttfr.c(E.t (v.*f"

(4) l-;o)Hr*i6ei SgTLtl ti, AeFr)i;&E tL"c( 6 6 o t: 0, E#tlF"> T I: t> <>

t:D LT, <abt i:6 i -EA-: t L, 3 f:Ei *i+Lo)44("-i-.

(b) t-<6 6vr/:v.l tt, *jmL\ttzaLAt.f€v.*f" [-(v./:/j*tr,.] tl6= L(v.fuprtafrr,rJfff.

(6) [-lfv.v\J o) [tJ.l oHfrrtt. *fr,Ltc6v.rr.i L. ) i,uLv.E L tFo(r,r*f. ItLl: lol.) t2tI6 L. ttuL trEoffi*tr?b o tco)T6irffi &Eâ (t,\ 6 i. L t: A D *f" .i(li, t(+E+rrFtrA) S{nc((tLb ) a L &H.t,f vr * frr, fr ) ra gtal1,.teartil&Ea(v.*f.

(Example) As the speaker says, I L'i ? ] , the speaker

invites her friends or subordinates."Ifyouwant"( [Irt'o/ab ) ) is also an expression frequently used to

invite somebody.

(1) l-F LARi'$vt *t&f L/c.l is usedwhenwe

apologize politely for something we did.

(2) lffizJ,-ti. t I hl is used for confirmation, when we

dont rememberwell, orwe are not surewhatwe remember.

(3) [- rr B, - tf ? -l is used when we give some advice

to our interlocutor. We say what our interlocutor said

before I lr b J , followed by the advice using I lf J .

(4) [E 00)Hlii b 6vt/:vrl is used when you want to make a

request, [-( V. ft /j * 7- pr] is a more polite way to

say this.

(6) Before the I lf.l of [- lf v. pr.l, the speaker says

what would be nice or what would make her happy ifa particular thing were to occur. Ifwe add [O l:l , itmeans that there was the opposite result and that she

is not satisfied. Here, she hoped that t (+E + rr B ft) Tli"c< < fu7a ) , so she complains about the

fact that it did not happen.

t firJ I ii,i6,\f"1 " E i ? ", FfiV)F-WNEEfr}-4tt H -,{U

'fn'fft Fl;\. " t /t' -t tc b' &,Etri#H'1E1'fFH&H H!

*4.

E]€ffiT1Th6^.

Q) "Mrt'-fio/c I ia" ffi T6fii, FIX{ H BZ-'tiB{+F!

(3) "-/r 6.-l{ ? ' E4xtllBtetX.HtE{'{E&HA\. 'lt6" EfE,E.Lr'JFIEEUHI+1H, fttrH "tf" +EfiHE Htjl+t!..

(4) ". d)Hlt gb< i { * ? L/:", HXyrtfrffi&;H&Wtfr., EkAfi I ffrFEtr trHtktrtUx$F Ej, xjx{F*^Bttrfirf{F.

(s) "-< 6 6 vr/:vr", ffi Ti€*r'lFi&#+. "-(v./:/j3/:v." EE€tffiin*.

(6) "-tfvrvr" F! "tf" FlBfffiE*4TffiifibtITFlStB.fi RtrEilnt " o)tt:", WJ#.r'1+ltlffiP-ft1t+*R, A eHTffiH.fr\'lH%" ABs, in'ffiL€BfrtrfiF "(ffi

Ffi Uin1fr Ê"EIUZ-'

iffi tH 4 "( q ) rl.i ? I 4l "J6lr glgo,e a++ +ol4^l

Bqlal zl;<lr fl6lr 9l+q4. rIi'o/cBr E

fl+"J "I zla]|= -S.€oJq4.(i) rFLflisu.*F&rL/:r E.al4lol 'J "Jql El

6llî c66l ^lr+g cl 6q4.Q) t6fi,-liclcIla:

= B-tr zlq6l.a 9lzl 9}A+TlEdl.a fl= a"il rNaN x141o1 flg Efl q.JC +1

6ll^J #qEl.(3) r-feb, -lf ?r b trll4lzll atg ql #q+.

^JEIzl "J6lj1 *= ag rrabr *41^l "J;ll:.ql ql+ 3t€ rttr E ^l+6lol 'J6la gt+qEl.

(4) r.o)HUt:+'ZiZ *TL/:r = *tI7l +qlrI

^l^19 rll+9 il+l +4Ll 4^l€ "J=q +ZL}

;19 , :rl*"ll + H rl "J*g ql "Jal= ,J^19

_EdoJqEl .

(5) r-<6 bv\tv\j = +qg E "tl #L-l rl . r^-rv./ctE /:v,r E qq c++ S.d"Jq4.

(6) r-tfvrv\r 9 rtfr gql^lE dd6lB +g a,7lC ag "J6lr 9l+qq. olzlql rol:1 g go1

ts :44ts qlEl.el Ar+71 9fi, o o.e €"Jg "J6lr.9l= 4ol Bq+. olTlql^lb r(ttcllzl xltlg)Esl ib: d€ ul4l 9lzl*, -r"€41 q,<l *ilo ss E"Jg "J6ll1 iltqE+.

tffiE2l<<ffis>>

(t)OO @x @C @x(2)Ox @O @x @x(3)OO @O @x @x(4)Ox @O @x @x

@x@C@ooc

<<tR>>

(Example) You have tickets for a film. You want to invite

your friend to go with you. What do you say?

O Go to see this film.

@ Would you like to go to see this filml

@ I am not going to go to see this fllm.

@ I went to see this film.

@ Let's go to see this film.

(1) You are late for an appointment with a client. What

do you say?

@ I'm sorry I'm late.

@ Wait a minute, please.

@ I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

@ Can I wait?

@ I've been waiting for you.

(2) Your teacher's bag loola heavy so you want to help

carry it. What do you sayl

@ Professor, may I carry your bag?

ffiE . ffi=Jn 15

@ Professor, would you like me to carry your bag?

@ Professor, would you like to carry your bag?

@ Professor, could you please carry my bagl

@ Professor, I will carry your bag.

(3) At a company reception desk, you are talking to rhe

receptionist about your appointment with Mr. Tanaka.

What do you say?

O I'd like to meet Mr. Tanaka.

@ Can I talk to Mr.Tanaka?

@ Have you met Mr. Tanakal

@ Could you please meet Mr. Tanakal

@ I am supposed to meet Mr. Tanaka.

(4) You tell your teacher that your friend, Ms. Chan, willbe absent from school. What do you say?

@ Professor, Ms. Chan, looks like she's going to be

absent from school

@ Professor, Ms. Chan, told me that she would be

absent from school.

@ Professor, can Ms. Chan, be absent from school?

@ Professor, may I have Ms. Chan, be absent from

school?

@ Professor, Ms. Chan said she would be absent from

school.

@rl) (rH H*xtg^, Htri*finE-fu*, E/aifi.tOtsBF€FI, LE*EIV,@i-*F€F',*T*Et@B*F€FI, &A*8"@ii*[$fir,+i€trT"@tssF€Fl,*€pE"

(1) fEa\aH!#FE E, i84lj7, iV,l,E/aiB.t

a+kx1h7, X.JT€"

@iHfH+-T"@;/I.tgh+1, xirrtE.@fislaajungr@+K-HE+EKEfr."

(4 Z!frWts.tr t*ruiIF!, HfJslt€, t4.R/atfr.t

@ztfr,1&€@E.D)p4?

@tfr, +txfi+/fi€@!E.@zIF, fg.+@lg?

@zrfr, rs6E+ffi€tsq?

@ztfr, fiX€@"(3) xtAEl Ft Ef 6 infrn W + fi+4t+ i nH, tAE /aifr.t

oaffi4,E+iL&"@68+i-TH+frhnq?@,ffi-fltrEtrftArBa

16 4h'6H,L6E*=iFFEtFfr& ffiffi I. t/-->7N3

@'f668*4,8+ti)+W?@+k *TTSWit+.nH#r"

@ l frIljflf{'tc*nnZnH W., t[E /zN EtrFj.kt

@ ZIfr , 4,lKilt*48 IHFt4++.

@z[fr, ffiii,4.5K4iH{Fi.

@ zlT , 4'5Knl r-,(i€,fHn9 i@ Z[fr , n]Xit4.d&'i##in9 z

@ztJfr, 4'#ii,4i€1F,i.

( el) €El s.= zlzlr 9l+qq. A+€ Eelqlq ?61 4a d+q+. +14.]1 **4zlz

O ol €cl Eel 4.@ ol g s+ -Hzl oJ aql ?

@ ol €F+ _H-ul oJ ZEl.@ ol gsi trel *q .

@ ol SEI E"l7l^1.(1) q^}.a,+49 ++ ^lzql *q 4H+qEl. +l?+

r g+qzl?O tq 4el^J 4+*qEl.@ +^l 7lEl4 +d ^l-s .

€) zlEl4^lZl iil^] =l++qEl.@ zlqeiE qA+Hqzlz

@ zl44r 99+q4.(2) dCHq Aol +Zej Bq^J EelE44L ^3'jg-

qEl . +l?+a 'J6J'lzl Z

O d^Jts , eg EqE Evlg?o c^JH , d9 E"t =4.v19?@ d^JH , Ag Eed+q4?@ d^Jts , dg 5q +zl 9+o ^lA^.ltlz@ d^8H , de Eq =4a+q4.

(3) 5l^19 d+zlql^l El+7i 4le+g ++ql qldlol

"JElij E} . +.1 zl-L "J6}qrl ?

O 44zl 4l='J+I di.lcl"J.@44zl4l= +q.J i il#l,tlt@ q+4 4€ ++ 4"1 ")#4tlz@ 4*zl{= ++ ftl4)Glttlz6 ++4 4le+ EJ+7lE 99 9tG'14"J.

(4) a+ + 41714r€ d4a dCH.il4l dil+qq . d ^J H "il ,I +l el_L 'J*ul zl Z

o d^8H , * 4zl +r= € ,) ,J#LlLl .

@ d^JH , * rylzl +i9 d4i1 6Jq4.

@ ddts , + 4= q,'LE:flqE {*6llz}z@ d^8H , + 4lE *:l.tl s_21 ?+-a fl41 sIE €zl

60

4 :f EDOFf,E (P.78)

[F':ffi21<<f,*s>>

16 I 2&2

<<eR>>

(1) You want to do a new job in the company. What do

you say'

1. If you dont mind, would you let me do that?

2.lf you dont mind, would you please do that for me?

3. You can try doing that' ifyou like.

(2) You want to invite your teacher to a Party. What do

you say?

1.We are having a party. Do you want to come'

professor?

2.We arc having a party. Would you like to come'

professor?

3.We are having z p^tty. Is it ok if you come,

professor?

Ql M'& El9hfit-4+fFlr'ff , E/zîfr'z

1. lrRnl t-t F!i6, fr?i\:*Xtt\E4 ?

z. 4EXE D)fr\1fr , ltrfr\M\4 ?

3. irR trIDJ.Flifr , -Ei{€i&rE I

Q) 4trE'ffi19 Z tfr 4frl{Kft , lE /at'fr't

1. fi'fil44'irKrf , Z!fr?&M'*Wt

2. fi'lil47t'/-Rxj , z[fr18.62*^p4t

3. fi{il4/lirKxj , 2tfr!6.*1][\z

(1) d q^19 .{Nes oJg 6li1 d#qq. +l+j1 "J'Jq4?

2. s*g^lqtr,6I +zl *e-^ld+qzl?3. {$e!4tr, "I 84.#qz}?

(2) d c^JHg +qql arll6l-a d#qq. +l4ji "J6Jq4?

1. +q71 gl=EI d.^JHE 9-7 dq.s- ?

2. "+dJ|gl=El , ddHE 9^lzl g:4+qzl ?

3. rlqzl 9l=r] . d^JHC s^lE jJ*+qz} ?

!lnit,o-9E[rt6gE EOHAAT., (s)

-Hf; L,zEt*oFos{ve) (P.80)

IffiEI<fi4€>>(1) ?v\((. zv.(v.((2) *u) E*Lt'+ c /:. *u) .EtL< L*'clc(3) L6rblrvr. L(L*b/rv:(4) fh*rr ( 6+. th*rr ( (lt(5) trl"D+, frLrlt(6) HLL:). HL(ii.i( Z ) *v. L. i.lrvr 1. ffv.(*3*'Av\ L

(8) ruffiLL * +. rumL<*iitlJtt(9) tA<6+, L L\<. H((L* o(*;v'(

(10) HCtt L r,.6 *,. HCul<J:'v'<lt

<Fil> L!.nr(

( I ) lJ [-(r,. I -1 6 [v.-J 7}r€@5 ii.(v'tf "(2) (3) H. t(L*il ir [6<'i) t:tso<v.*f" (4) (5) lr t( (r) li.lir[6+ (D*')]t:1a21'1r34" (6) (7) tl t(tj<.1 ,i tL <l[3lrc(v.lf. (8) lf trudftL<$<-ruhLL < -l L [-tltJ-3 +] ,rv">L xl:tfr.btt(v'*f" (9) ll tF<<L*i-H(6{'i.l L

t($ < +! ( lfrlr- L xt:Ifr.btt(v. if" (10)

tJ l-Hcrt(*i4-ftcLlL<l L [(lJ*6+l,rv\-, L r l:ff frfi-aPt g i.(1) The [v.-l of [^.(v. ( ] is omitted. In (2) and (3)'

l-<L* )l changes to [6+ il .tn (a) and (5), [(('e) tfj changesto [6+ (D+)l .In (6) and(7),[(*; ( -l changes to IL ( ] . In (8), lfu'ffiI-< k ('fu'mL L < I a"d [-lliJ** +l are used together. In

(e), tB<(L* i -H(6+ i.l and [($ ( *L ( -l are used together. In (10), [HCll(# ( *Ho'It L < .l and [( 11*6 + -l are used together.

(1) "-(vr(" F! "v." AWa" (2)(3) "<Lt.a"*.1\"r,r i". (+)(s)"((f) ll"qfi"6+ (D{,)". (6)

(7) "<t3 <" qF! "L <"" (s) "ru'AL<*"'(*ffiffiL

L <" fE "-tltl-3r" -E'iF,H. (e) "l*<<L*i-E<t r )" fE "(*; ( -L < " -E,fF,H. (10) "H

ctl(ij q -6cilL ( " fn "(lt*6+" -E'l€,H.(1) e [-(v'(.]9 lv.lz] C+9q 9t+q4. (2)

(3) g t< Lt.a ) 7l t6+ i I E qq 9l+q4. (4)

ffi5.ffi#, 17

(5) = t( ("c) til zllt"* (Dr).j E Elq g+q

+. (6) (7) g t($<J 7l tL <] E qq 9t+qq,(8) e IruBAL(*r(-ftffiLL <J el [-tltf-3r.1716Jal 2rolr 9l+q4. (e)

= lA<<L*)*ffi(Btil e+ t<ii(-L ( ) 7l *Al r^.ol.u ilG.q4.(10) + [Hcll(*i(*HcllL (l p] l(ti-BrJ7l +4 4d1a 9l+q4.

6.tr,'tt : r\BFl$a/'l,Dotr*. tn(s)h'h :

-trE=(2) (P.81)

IffiH 1I<<ffis>(1) @(2) o(3) @(4) o(5) @

tffiEr2l<<ffis>>(1) @(2) e(3) @(4) @(5) o

,2 L p l,,tLutag ffitoaf.Fd+r-aet (P.82)

IffiH1I<<fi4€>>

(1) e

(2) c

(3) b

(4) d

<ffiFH>>

(frf) Jsffiu.l:ff L( tF L{lerq *t,{,irl LEc(ffio(v.*f"

( l ) ;fFIa>& v> btL<. oK f p4EaL. & v. i Hfto [r.*v.*rtl"l tf€o(v.*f.

(2) +H+rrJ ( l*v.: Lrrffiv\(v\A LEc(vr(. ?/Lt:ff L( lE,lFo)ftffi 6 tf*;i. ( v. *fo

(s) tHHrr ( I lr, €'*wrettffior,tL<,<tLt $B i L 3 t:,ffvrgf" tUe. HHa( _l /jtt"e6ff ) -' L rrr* tf"

18 th'5H,Z6EtiFHErFfr& ffiffi l. t,-=>tN3

f:z(a) #btttc..Lt:l+L( [vrvr"ef r.] ]6i

Ty.*f" lldU) o)ffi,bH l{T*tr,,TfJ,firt Ljirr(lfilv. * f] A L'rsaffi s ir(v. t f"

(Example) In response to the request, the speaker says,

l-S L=Jtt) D * ri/,rrj and declines.

(1) The speaker is asked for permission and says, "I dontmind ( [/. * Vr *'lil"_l )", meaning "OK" or "Noproblem".

(2) The interlocutor says bad things have happened one

after another, and the speaker expresses sympathy.

(3) [iSH rr ( -.1 is ,r..d when you are offered something

to eat, etc. and you take it. You can also just say,

ID+, iEHrr (.l .

(4) The speaker says, I v. v. T f I _] for rhe event to

which he was invited. After lif Ll.] , expressions such

as lff I /:vrffl, lfilv.tf],etc. are omitted.(f!)xiTxftFliH*, &H "+L=flat) *il&rr, *

frft.(1)xtTEU,,\frliF*, 1FH'r: * vr I itr", X*zr

oK. iqhtM.

,h,lH.

(r) "HH rr < " F.nrl XilttrF.R4, lEt**Et{FH Ft*ri.1!,trIr-lH&ffi " De. EHra ( ".

(4)iEtlîgi€rfEA "v.v''ef t". "-tfLr." F!trHAWA ",ii I /:vr.ff " ",lElv, * f,,.

( q ) +q"I 4l8il,\J rF Lilla}D *t,i,irr 4.2 "Jalq 4€6111 9l#qEl.

(1) 6l7lE s+Bol, OK + E4l$trl= gElg fr.*v.it,1,: g 2l-7 gt#q4.

(2) +rllzl +zl 9+g 9ol zjl49.z gl+r "J6lr 9lr, fol Eli6tl^J ECg zlEg d;l-a 9l+r14.

(3) ritHra (: ts *rilzl +4 Fg E o +r €6.ldlrag +g "rl ^l+Elq+.

rD+. r*Hrr(r *o -EE ^l+BJ + 9t+qEl.

(4) fl+Ee aql qi6l"l rv.v.Tf Ir el-l. 4BElj19l+q+. ttf Ll'r 9ql= r?i8 /:vyffr rfilvr*fr F6i ^J+gq 9t+q4.

(ffiH2I<<#g>>(1) c

(2) d

(3) f(4) b

(bi e

<<ffiiH>>

(fif) *&r* A<, fi:-ffi a L 3 oAv\{?rf"(1) tfrc<< iL6,l\l:f'IL<. *r+LAE) L *

t: [Dr.D *f] 16v.*f.(2) lti.l:v.t,r;[S/r/3prL,Bc/:L * l: t&i:

i:lev.l L Ev. * f. ltr.o) l:?v.(=,(6. Etrt:zvr(Ec( g v.v.ff.

(3) l-++LL*fI tt)fr6t 3f*fitr]:/.6L*613;1rIz-ff,r. t^+LL* t-t l ltrbt -

*w.t L< er+ t. b t 3 rr L'i:f€ i &H,t=rsD *f"

(4) /vt 7 hAb e>->1e0. {nlr'L($b->lc0 L( l? /,/rLt tLb 4 a $ vrvr(.f I_J

LEv./:vrL * l:'f€v.*f.G) a*btu<, <lLtt!*tL( liivr. L*fl L

€v)/:v\L 3l:Bv.*i-. i ltLu,R#t'tEi_tt.

(Example) This is a greeting used when you leave work

before other people.

(1) We say, lF/i'u) * f -l , when we want to say thank

you to someone who is going to help us.

(2) We say, [{if ,rrd v \-i, when we carit see any other

way to do something. It can be used to refer to oneself

or to other people.

(3) t + +L L * -t" J is a greeting used when we enter or

leave, but f * +L L * L t -.1 is an expression we use

when we apologlze after having failed to do something.

(a) This is used when we want to s^y,f Z /v/e a t t L/* ( ( 6 L\V\ff I _l,when someone gives us a

present or does something for us.

(5) This is used when we want to say, IltL.. L * f I ,

when we are invited to do something. It expresses a

feeling ofhappiness.

( Fl ) EL\Fl+rh e, rtT 9EHJ+ Fl-\xji64r{F B'!-\{e

H6!+GiF"(r) r'l#9r H E Fl,,\tzrffiiff Bt, ik " Wrn' 9 * -f "

"

o i^rt#dF*TF!z1'*F{, in " ltfi fi:r&u\" . q U'ffidfriJ^h]:, &EIUffileAeHI:"

(3) BltBlrf{F, &#t/J.Ê, atn eF!Ei'fRii, "4+L

Ltt" " m "*+LL* L/:" IIJ€E aHll/2,5,ffi19

Hffit+, trffiffirfFinm.(4) &trEU,,\ F! ?L+n, qA fr\ L'6 fr t=[&a ft /a+'f# g! Fj

'fF, Htzr "t/'/slttLrs 41'{rv'v'-ef I"ffiWIF, ilDl:8/aik"

(s)85!-\si€'f&H+rf, ffi*zr 'ltv'. L*f" F!Ej

14tst+ii, tiSHxf!,1'1F"( ql ) sl^l 5ql^l d4 Eol,J qg "J^l"JqEl.

(1) Ee+f ^l+ql 4l6liC +^19 gg dg q lHlr'9*fl 4.2 +-JqEl.

Q) +4 +g *H"l 94r ^J4-J 4l [tlfi:r*v.-i4-z **q4. q=

^l*ql Lll6ll^J 'JillE zl4loll

r.IBil^l EJ6IE S*+qq.(3) t*+LL*fl = Eoia q'l "Jql Eqa 49 sl

^lolxlEJ, t*+LL* Ltc) zl qtr €sl5 dll^-l +

^]€ B ull 5"I ^L+61= _*.€oJqEl.

(4) d+€ Pzl4 *'llzl *szl= ill +l^l [an,/r:t tl-/e 4 a4rvrvr.ef I_l 4.a "Jdlr 49 rll #q4.

(5) A+E"l^] rql qlEldl lltv'. L*fl 4l "J;l-a 4€ ql #qEl. zl99 "199 ailq4.

IffiE3I<ffi€>>(r)OO @x @O(2)OO @x @x(3)OO @x @O(4)OO @O @x(5)Oo @x @O

@x@o@C@x@C

<<;R>>

(Example) Hello? Is Mr.Tanaka there?

O Yes. Hold the line, please.

@ Yes, he is just coming.

@ No, he's not at his desk right now.

@ He will call you back.

(1) Would you let me do that?

@ Okan then. Go ahead.

@ Well,I would be glad to do it.

@ It would help me out if you did it.

@ I would be happy if youd let me do it.

(2) Phew! I thought I would miss the train.

@ I'm glad you made it.

@ I knew you would miss the train.

@ It would have been good ifyou had made the train.

@ I really didn't think you would make it.

(3) It doesn't look that good.

O ReaUyl I like it.

@ I know, I hope it will get better.

@ No, t don't think it's good either.

@ We[,I don't know. It could be good.

(4) Excuse me, can I take this pamptrlet?

@ Yes, please take one.

@ No problem. Please, go ahead.

@ No, I dont want one.

ffiE .ffi#, 1e

@ Okay then,I'11 take one.

(5) Your speech was great. You did a greatjob.

@ Thank you. It's all thanks to you, professor.

@ No, I didn't do my best.

@ No, I still have a long way to go to improve.

@ It makes me happy that you said that.

( frl ) Fp, iEl4E+++Arg? .

oa, i€fH+-T.@&, q&nfrfi**@q&4&"@ E*%'f$+TE*.

lflf'qlrc, A?trlL&*tffi,?

OEng, flfik#ftA "

@flY'/a, diit&*,f&rE.@ lrrry fr?+# +kteF! ifr di ti+ 7 .

@q€Haitfi*ffiFtifrditHxT.(2) rFl, tiTT, tru)&fi7lit+,+Tw.

@xt+7, ErT.@trEiqEls4"@ fut /:rJt{TT, EL?

@HH!, &tsr{6aE}.(3)fl[f,6tl1rE.

o EE4, +tfr.i++tu+w14"

@8, fr?€tt-Eht1.a "

@cK, ad,Hf+Txtl"@xqtnw, &i+ffit+tulll"

(4) 4liHE, Ef4'nftT, tr-t-l€€L1?oElu, lE*e€lts.

@|kxa, )6€8.@Z-, +tT4.@flY'/a, Et€try.

(s) E4Z F!iFi+, W&a " {6EETT-#h*w "

oitriff. +Hz!fiwffi+@tyH,1gE2^*h.@lS€, )681+.roW"

@ {fffr?flY' /2,ifr., itfr tHXT .

( cl ) ol-s4rls, 4+71 {l 4ldqrl?o Lll , a7 7ltrlEl +d^19.@ ull , xlf,$r] Tl4.€'nq.@ ,i+, zlel= *-]1 gl#q+.@ ol+ql^J dF+614+q4.

(1) I oJ, ,IZl ^14 +d o tr +4.=rtl-C.

O:z€=. rH +ql6lql .

@ Jel . ^l 4819.

20 EJTBH,Z6 Ht-#HBtnfft ffiffitL-->?N3

@ 6i +E r."Jzl .

@ LllTl 6J + 9t4l 6I +E 7lxts 4El .

(2) ol, qq"l4. da ^lrJql ==trlr d4*q .

o +4o]tr1. ^lzJ"il *zl tlolr.l .

@ .J^l ^l

,J"ll F*++.@ ^lrJ"I *zl 9+9198 €gl9 B]ril .

@ c*"1^l ^l+ql "*€ + glqr= ^d4 * 9lq .

Q) tzl, €=.5x1 ?*g. 4 olrl4rzO lzJzl. += +4r ^8461=EI .

@ r4. +olrlE +rll-il .

@ *, LIE +zl gq_Z ^B4Bli .

@ =ril. +grlE E+.(4) "l"JElqEl. ol g=q +oI5 €4s?

O Li , 7l4zl.4lg.@ S*+q+ . zl q7l9l4s-.€) olk, *zl e+4€LltrI.@:€ , +g^14.

(5) =+ d9 ^tlil , +*+qq. 9d6l elLlle.

o ?^lELqEl. d^JH 'JE"Jq4.€) ollo, He t 46L^l 9+gl+q4.@ olh, ol4 g9+q4.@:r+41 'J"il +^ld Tl*|q+.

E *;toH*atJ (4) -hdigh.* (-() 6116/35a,/<na

IffiE 1I<<B€>(1) o(2) @(3) @(4) @(5) @(6) o(7) o(8) O. @

<##>>(ffil) l'ri< ) D&&\Eh'#c"r. t*uti* r (

le rt' -> lctrJ *tD 6. & i: E b fufcrt' 6'fr ->

/:l Lv.ia&rf.(ffiz) lffi.at a&iiLVortAbt. t66)l ,ra

A tf" E+ 3 /,rrilJEl3 A,i:Jsffir,. 1-1'.:r Z C:r.- 9 -tffi."ct L v.i a L ?f.

(r) tf$c.t o&tL",Eh'ilrt" ti: td.l trr)D *ti,rr, l^Lt*Elibt#.>lc) Lr,.i iL(''f.

E{E(P.85)

L i*ilt t lttr(2) tiu < I ow:,tyq-.qvct" l-tF]sEti, r <

TEAb+n,13I < /3vri L tttL< (@J.:i.lf

v. Dy5 6fu() if vr(vr6J L v. i i L ff"L LZ itJ 4 Ut'(3) tffi < ) a819.*,hvft" tft#3/.trilT

e/'oCb &ffi*/: < Av.lt*tt'6. mv.<v.6l Lp.) i L'Cf.

taE Li*rrJartb zaC( 4) l-ffiha L< ) ow:ry.*.HfiTt. I-4tJt6h

& Lt ( lav>tl l+D 6. ffi l:E*rit(+EEtALtc" ?tta"*-c(\,Za ) L v. i i L <.f.

L i5lttr ttl,tl)(5) tL 1) a;M1}.MalA.bI. t6 B i ) a##;*o tv./ct< j ,rb v) *t. tl: 1g.1 O*

&>u) t t /-rt:. tf{IJ*FEt:35ffivr L(. Df,l4

tr.Tt"cll L,v.iiL(f"L i:{Jl'

rc) f>frntb) atFl9va'&.bti [(itlcl irbU *-f " Il:1-6.1 ti&rq tft/-nr.[ ( irl:lr9-r. 6. lfil^zJ:*ilnLtcl L v. i : L ('f.

L i:{ti'Q) Ea )olfr1Yv,o'tkbtt"l < /i3v.*'til"i'J

,rA0 *f. lf,AiiL/cv.J Lv.iJsffiv.&<V.taV.13Fc (Vr*f.

L i * it[.( 8 ) t 3 e -t 7a ) o)M:tktrtalh.ar,: S {, 6 i.l

ItbV tt" 7') E/,ltY3 73l"l:*jFv'L<, t a lE tuA )- F t:u-L* L/:"

(Example 1) This is the ffjlg*,hM for til ( -l .ltmeans [*[l?r * t ( /ri'o tilfi,D6, El:6hl+/ei't>'ii->lc) .

(Example 2) t 6 6 i I is added after the i{tkM "f I M.

il .It means that Ms.Tanaka asked Ms.Yamada, and

then used the computer.

(1) this is the M19*.hM for lt#"c ).There is no lf,ilin the sentence,but it means lfl^lits.tatt*'t#'c/c).

(2) this is the Mt**,Hfi for lti( I .It .neans [tFtlElJ. t <tr|+t' +&l:I < av\. t tttu( (ft]i.lIv.Dr)6*L() ifvr(vr6J .

(3) this istheffilL*.hVforlffi ( -l .Itmeans lfi#3 i,lJillT8 tua < tr&H * /: ( retzrllluDb.ffivr(vr6J .

(a) this i' tte f{{t* hM f"' t+f; h a L ( -l .Itmeans [FlllBht L/: ( /sv.ll*t-D6. *l:;bfL<ffiWt l-l:" ?ttT!&-: T v' b ) .

(5) After the tf.li'Yt of 141 1-l , the #-do* of [ 6 6; _1 , I vr t /j ( -l , is added. There is no [f,/r] in the

sentence,but it means lflrit*fEl:iiffivt L(. dfMta'E->/e) .

(6) Afterthe MikM"fl*Xlf 6-l,thereis l( ful:1.There is no lf,{l in the sentence, but as there is t < *t/cJ , it means lfl^rtr*ilnLtel .

(7) After theMiLlb of [Eil ,the'.is [( fi8vr*rii,r.l .The request, ffl.irL/:v.l , is expressed

in a polite way.

(8) After t'e MlAklV of f = V --f 7a I , there is [ 6,t a ) . AIi askedJohn ifhe could photocopy his

notebooks.

f FJ t "'+1 1" ffiffi&&AV. "*lrfi' I /: 1 rsrt''> lctJ

lL t {,. El:= blttcl,' btt ->/:" f'!H,E..

(Flt"M-a" trtffiLFv)n '$ 6 i ". E+it&t+f{illE+.+,, 4l\ffi ffii+4T&H T €fl6.

e)"ft-" ffiff.:tL&drV" 6J+Ef iAE-StI" "fl^", lE

EE "d,liFl:btft.c l:' F!H,E.

(2) "in< " ffi&:rk&4JV" "tF[Alr. k |trE*rc+ tt:I < trLriLAEiL( (fr!.i.lfv.D&)biL() in

v.(vr6' F!H.g."

(3) "ffi < ' ffiffi1ft&4Jv" "ft#E rltilrTe /-a <ttffi 3 /: ( /rvrtltuE{>, Efl vr(v\6" F!H,H..

vr lllu t 6. ffi l:EirlL<lfrtW.t L/e. ? tu-e#..c

<v.6" 6!€,8."(5) "fi < " Wffi1LVffi '$ b i " H'! HffiiE "v'/:/:- ( ".

6t +Ef*iq€.*!],'fl^", 1E fr.E "f/.ll*FFl:tjFiv'L<, ffi$laft-:/:' fr']H,H'"

6)"^X\i6- frtffi:iLtuX\ "( ttt". 6l+Ef,tlqafirn "fl^" , trFln " 1tut:", trJlLE "ftLi:ElfiLl:"dh*E

Q)"ai' ffiffit9vfiA "< /j3v.*'rt,Li.". inffi^tr<tuJtLft#T E ts ffi tr4 "f,{i: L /:v.".

(s) " :] c-f6 " ffiffiltfttuXn "6 6 i ". FFiEit4i€*Affi+,+., Fq7^ffift+,B!€il.

(ql1) rfr<r 9 ^19 +F€'Jq4. rBFdg 7la4q 4zl *9lxlsl, 9"lzl "J*gqzl ,*tlr+= a"JqEl.

( 41 2) rfrir I ^lq€ €ql 16 bi t zl 9l#qEl.q+71 4l7l olulr| alql4l +qdl^l A+El=

^l+*q= a"Jq4.(1) rfficr I ^lq +*.€oJqEl. E1t.tl rfll zl L

4EJ 14= A+= 7l4flqr 4E 4"JLl4.(2) rif <r 9 ^19 +F€EqEl. rqe Je ^l+ z;l

+aqlal +xl 9+e "Jg *Ell^l ( ql= =q

q*6J

I *6llî ) g:7 9i4i 4= 4"Jq4.(3) rffi<r I ^lq +*'€EqEl. r^lE 4l= olEl^l

4 419 +Eg =i1

dq 6-lzl gzlEJ El 9l4r4= aEq4.

(4) rfilhAL(r 9 ^lq +F€"Jq4. r*5^89 A

4.= 6la dq 6lzl ?*zl"J, qF^J"l "J6l^J a4

ffiE .ffi#, 21

= iR4. f ?,I^-l sl+ gl4_r 4ts 4.Jq4.(5) rffi(r 9 ^19€ Fl"il r{, N>it g d*9 fv./c

iE(r zl tl6q+. Ealql tfl,t zl flzl"J rLl=++Hril +q6ll^l €f9l ,J4r E].= a.Jqq.

(6) t*hltb-t g ^lq€ 9ql r( tuftl zl fl+qEl.Eil r#.r E Szl "J | 1lL/c.t ol EE rqlzl +zlrj.EL elts 4'Jq4.

(7) rFir 9 Î9€ qql r< /j8vr*t&i.r zl 9l

+qEl. r'lz} all dEL ts +qlg A+61 +61.a

9+q4.(8) rr u-f 6r9 ^19€ 9ql r{, bi rl gl+qE}.

ol4 4q= + 4l"lAl +qri^l + 419 ktr= +^l*+qEl.

IffiEI2I<ffis>>(1) o(2) o(3) @(4) o(5) o

<<#-EH>>

@tl) 4alLrtr IL,$- ]*3rrEv..l LEc(,4o^rr** if" g -tkDÎJ.itLL</rv.Tf. rfr. 6. &1t44hW trv. * f"@o [#r't(66atl tt. *aLrtrHaAl:#mv. L(# < *6t:69v. g 9.

(r) ko^rtr [&iAL(J LB,> (. floL##,WaUtf. tfi. b, &'tfrWr&fFv.*f"@o [&ie s r] 6 ttte ) a&:84 hvcf ,. 6,4oz\rrifiiEa L/: L v. i ; L (f"

(2) /;a^rts#6$&*r< Utct:a"c, Ho)rltt ttl:->v'<, 3 .c L*,kt:,S, -2 1' r,: I i"

- .t, B tJ\, i.-efr.6, *.hvtw.u,tt" @a tfA<Et t> tttc ) 6&ati4hVrf ,' 6. E a

^rtrI*E#t*$</cLv.iiL<f.

G) Ea^rtr [&vr/:r,rl L v') i L &(v.iav.t:.13ffi v. L(v. t t " < ILI.*t L< ka

^rtr[i.t v. *tA,.J LE= (, 4o) tr;fl[rr66L*.Ltc" rfr.6. &iEWz [6 6or]&&v.i f " @o l-&bt/:l r*&iri#zr.k,o Lnrpffit&i L r,. ) i L.ef.

(4) &#rr tffigo)tsHj LEv.*L/:i.6. TL'6 ltf*E L if. I a LAL'6 ltffiH L/:( /r v. L,B.a (v. i f. ("f i' rr, ftA'tl#h

22 4h'bH,z6 E*FBEtit& WffiI.v-=>t N3

{t l.IVtM.v, *f. @tt, +D6rrE#,i.*sffiv.L<ffiHtAWAt:ffv.g9"

( 5 ) IFc4o)Airf4nftffi a rv.(. karAir ljsffiB < /J6v.J lE^z(v.*f" aat AanoLo)RftttI < av\cLr i" ,efr,6,,rt e rtr\*,hVtWv"tj-. @a [ffi/:€(6 6cl:]E. 4 o) rrf o ,/\ t: *c' E u\ L < f+2 W h tr

f{v.*f.(Examples) The man says, I l, tr - l. # * /r 6 v.l ,

and the woman writes one. The woman is probably

not happy. Therefore, the lFtl;*,hV, is used. [#i.ii ( 6 6 -> lc J in @ is used when the woman asks

the man to let her write a paper.

(1) The woman ."ys, lifti# L(] , and the man does the

laundry Therefore, the t{lkV is used. [*tiB 3 ri b*t/cl in @ is the /tfrtk*,hV, so it means that the

woman did the laundry.

(2) The man is probably upset that the woman has

thrown away his magazines. Therefore, the *, h Mis used. [F( 6't 6 tr.t J in I is the f{{ft€hM , to it means that the man threw away his own

magazines.

(3) The man says, [ 'f€ v\ /. v) J in a polite way. The

woman says, [ ,' * V. * 'ti A, ) ,so he has her

permission. Therefore, the IFtLlb, and [ 6 t> -> tc )are used. [f€bt/:l in O is the tfriLfr2 and it

means that the woman uses the document.

(4)The mothersays, [ ffi H O ffi H _l,ro the child

practices. The child may not be willing ro practice.

Therefore, the tfr.It.*,HM is used. @ is used when

the child asks his mother to let him practice.

(5) In a restaurant, the man is waiting for his food and

the woman says, l*iffi B ( ff 3 V.l .This may put

the man in a bad mood. Therefore,the *,hM is used.

[ffi/c'tt( 4> r>"c/:) in @ is used when the man

asks the woman to let him wait and he waits.

( 6l ) H E\6i+iN, " L,$-- l- B3 rrE u.", kfr\tr+u,E "

aF!-E1R6EX, trrlt, I*.HlFIkrNa:" @F! "*,.t( {, t>.> /:" HTiB! iF*FF!, it{blEHH-.E+&8fl\ttr6"

@fti "rftiB8ri bttt:" Effi.lgrLdJ, *.mf.*I\ftja,qE"

(2) kfr\fr,*frtnT, Ha\- fr.fr,{s{REl,H. Ftu)tfr.ffiW-dl" @fr\ "a( 5-ri bttte' Etfr.|tk+$.dt, tzrFFt+nf *F",.

{.ari

*(3) E ffi *fttrtitJ'fr v \ /: L, " F! H*} " r'jftt' B! ii," r.

Jr,';lr&', HEf EtrJ6!H*,FfiD)ffiffi.tLfufr\ " tr

bct:' " OffJ "&bt/:" F&t*,#^9.F!&HK*+"({) Egit'*Ho)881", &+lltht\n " &.+-ft^M

*2, Elft&E &:tL+fiA" @ffiT&.+ffi*r4t4, itfrFtHEEe6ZtuIrh+.

u.', E ffi riLFf ,t g-i{RrH xa " trItl,ffi"ffi4Lah.

@ffi 'ft/:t( l: b -> /e" HTFHliH*tffi , itlUHEHa+WLtrA.

( q ) *zlzl t 1,,$- l. el 3 re 3 v._l ell "J;lJ. oi zl

7v #qq. =e$.ol

ojzli zllr,zl ?+9 a"Jqq. :rel oE

^lq +F€g ^l+*qq. @9 te,,t<6 r;ot:l y ol_zlzl H'zloizll +qdl^] 2a

= A+ql ^l+*qEl.(1) qzlTl l-&iaL(l 4j1 "J6la BzlTl 4lq+ 6J

qq. :r7l E=- ^lq€9 +q4. @9 titiES+6

ir-l:l Y ^lq +F€olsE q;+71 ^l1Et9 tlEl=

aoJqEl .

Q) qzlTl *zl€ ulq El*71 ql3"I Bzl= r.il El]

6I^l ++^"J41 d46l-a 9t+qq. rqs_e ++€C +q4. @9 ll*(ari ettulc) Y ^lq +t€olge *zlzl *zl+ ElH4= 4.Jq4 .

(3) *zt7l [&v./:vrl ?+= ag C+61 +q6]! I+q4. r"I Eli6]l^l olzlTL [r.*v.*t&l ol4_a "J6tl Bzl= 6l7lE +9 + 99+qEl. rels-=. ^lq€4 t6 D":tlE #qEl. 09 t&bt/:l= ^lq€e.q

qzlTl zls= ^l++4= a"Jq4.(4) q"lqzl tffiHo)HHl ol+r "J6la 9,9sE ol

o1= €+*qEi. =ig9.ol

olol= €+dll d4t+Eli1 ^J46li1 9l+q4. rqsE ^lq +E€g#q4. 6= ololz| q"lqqlrll +qBll^J €+4=a+q 6Lltl.

(5) 7l4ql^j B;lzl -c4€ z]441 9r., €zlz} l;sf$B(/jEv.l 4r'J6li1 9l+q4. ol4 *zl9zlEg +zl g+tl;<lg.:relss ++eg #q4.@9 [ffi/:t<66a/:l = *47] qr]'I4 +qsl^-l zl44= A+q #q4.

E IiEDOFf,E (P.89)

lF"lffi2l<ffi*>>

<<ER>>

(1) F: Sorryto have keptyouwaiting.

M: 1. No,I'm waiting now, too.

2. No,I'm leaving noq too.

3. No, I've just arrived now, too.

(2) F: I did really badly on the test yesterday. I should

have studied more.

M: 1.Try your best next time.

2.You worked hard, though.

3. I'll do my best, too.

(r)F:rtYE'^+A,r'J68"M : r. &€, *,&,8+8\ft,

z.lftH, fi't!,EqS llW.t.lLH, fieElE{={.

(2) F : WX61Zifr,, ffi/f*tr7 " *FH*+4-e#.fir"

ttt : r.T17*)tt5.2.ffiflY/z*rtT (lliEffisf).3. &,#,**h t"

(1) F : 7l4q^l4l 4^l 4+'Jqq.M : 1. olk,4E zl+ E 7lq4 j19"J +"Jq4.

2. ollo , 4 E xl+ +714'J +'J q El .

3. ohE, 4E zl+ E 9'd +"Jq4.(2) F : olil ^le, €€flfl++. El *+-.}tr +9lg

Qlrll .

M: 1.4+q gd6l 6]1.

2. €d6l *=tl golol.

3. +E gd6l tNolzl.

ffiE .ffi#, 23

U.ltlL $L Er\

FHT6ffi

ITl EI (P.92)

F'181

1* I2*33S24*3s*2HE21* 4

2*23*44*25f4

F4E31* 3

2*3

F6g41* I2*23f2

F':851* 2

2*23*14*25*t6*27*3

24 1#5ri"6 EtffiBEttrF w#t v-- >ri N3

tT2EI (P.100)

F"1E 1

1* I2*33*34*25*4

1"1821* 2

2*33*l4*35*4

F6E31* 4

2*2

F'1S41* I2*33*l

FdE51* 1

2*23*34*l5*16*27*2

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耳から覚える 聴解 N3

耳から覚える聴解 N3