Structural Engineering Structural engineering has existed since humans first started to

construct their own structures.

Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out, rising to the role of master builder.

No theory of structures existed and understanding of how structures stood up was extremely limited, and based almost entirely on empirical evidence of 'what had worked before'.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineering

Egyptian Pyramid ()

Structural Engineers vs. Architects

Only with the understanding of structural theories that emerged during the 19th and 20th century did the professional structural engineer as it is known now begin to exist.

the Industrial Revolution (in the late 19th Century ) structural engineering architecture

the master builder structural engineers + architects

structural engineering = structus + ingenium ?

from etymonline structural engineering = structus + engin (ingenium)

structus (Latin) to pile (), build () assemble ()

engin (old France) skill (), cleverness ()

ingenium (Latin) inborn qualities, talent ()

http://www.etymonline.com/

Structural Engineering a field of engineering that deals with the design of structural

systems with the purpose of supporting and resisting various loads.

a physical object or system is considered a part of structural engineering, if its main function is designed to resist loads and dissipate energy.

structural engineering = design + loads (+energy)structural engineering = design + loads (+energy)

Structural Systems buildings () nonbuilding structures ()

bridges (), dams () and so on

machinery ()

large man-made objects furniture () medical equipment () vehicles ()

Burj Dubai, the world's tallest building, currently under construction in Dubai

Structural Engineers

A structural engineer is an engineering professional who practices structural engineering

Structural engineers analyze, design, plan, and research structural components and structural systems.

Their work takes account mainly of technical, economic and environmental concerns, but they may also consider aesthetic and social factors.

Design Goals safety ()

structures do not collapse without due warning

serviceability () floor vibration and building sway do not result in

discomfort for the occupants

economy () making creative and efficient use of funds and materials to

achieve these goals

structural engineering = structus + ingenium ?!

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(beam-column connections)

(moment connections)

(simple connections)

(plastic hinges)

(beam yielding)

(column yielding)

SCWB & WCSB

(plastic hinges)

(beam yielding) (Strong-Column-Weak-Beam)

(column yielding) (Weak-Column-Strong-Beam)

() ()

()

(Braces) = (Axial Force Members)

(Tension) (Yielding), (Ductile) / (Brittle Fracture)

(Compression) (Euler Buckling / Local Plate Buckling)

(Buckling Restrained Braces, BRB)

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Design Loads ()

Load Combinations () Many types of loads may act on a building structure

at one time

Loads () vs. Load Factors () Each of these primary load types are characterized

as to their magnitude () and variability () by the building code () described in the ensuing paragraphs.

Dead Loads ()

Live Loads ()

Live Load Reduction ()

For influence areas greater than 400 ft2 the live load may be reduced according to the live load reduction equation:

)1525.0(I

o ALL +=

TLLI

o

AKALL

====

area influenceload livedesion specified code

load live reduced

Seismic Loads (Base Shear)

WCV S=

V = base shear Cs = seismic response

coefficient W= total building

weight

Design Methods

Steel Structural Design1. Allowable Strength Design (ASD) 2. Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

RC Structural Design1. ASD2. Ultimate Strength Design

Load Combinations for ASD1. Dead2. Dead + Live3. Dead + Roof Live4. Dead + 0.75 Live + 0.75 Roof Live5. Dead + Wind6. Dead + 0.7 Earthquake7. Dead + 0.75(Wind or 0.7 Earthquake) + 0.75 Live +

0.75 Roof Live8. 0.6 Dead + Wind9. 0.6 Dead + 0.7 Earthquake

Load Combinations for LRFD (if the live load is not greater than 100 psf)

1. 1.4 Dead2. 1.2 Dead + 1.6 Live+ 0.5 Roof Live3. 1.2 Dead + 1.6 Roof Live + 0.5 Live4. 1.2 Dead + 0.5 Live+ 0.5 Roof Live + 1.6 Wind5. 1.2 Dead + 0.5 Live+ 1.0 Earthquake + 0.2 Snow6. 0.9Dead + 1.6 Wind7. 0.9Dead + 1.6 Earthquake

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Chemical Components of Structural Steel

Chemical Components

Iron Carbon Silicon Nickel Manganese Copper

Properties of Structural Steel

Strength () Ductility () Notch Toughness

() Weldability

()

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7.

(1)

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(3)

1995

ETABSSAPMIDAS

Drain2d+PISA3D

(PISA/VISA/GISA)

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http://www4.kcn.ne.jp/~taharakn/study/01_kouzou/07.html

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from etymonline structural engineering = structus + engin (ingenium)

structus (Latin) to pile (), build () assemble ()

engin (old France) skill (), cleverness ()

ingenium (Latin) inborn qualities, talent ()

http://www.etymonline.com/

structural engineering = structus + ingenium !!

Thank you for your attention!

Structural EngineeringEgyptian Pyramid ()Structural Engineers vs. Architectsstructural engineering= structus + ingenium ? from etymonline Structural EngineeringStructural SystemsSlide Number 9Structural EngineersDesign Goals structural engineering= structus + ingenium ?! Slide Number 15Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 24Dead Loads ()Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Live Loads ()Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Seismic Loads (Base Shear)Design MethodsLoad Combinations for ASDLoad Combinations for LRFD(if the live load is not greater than 100 psf)Slide Number 37(1)(2)(3)Slide Number 42Slide Number 44Slide Number 45Slide Number 47Slide Number 48Slide Number 51Slide Number 52Slide Number 53 Slide Number 55from etymonline structural engineering= structus + ingenium !! Thank you for your attention!