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第五章 基因表达的调控 ( Regulation and control of gene expression ). 概 述. 一、基因表达的概念. 基因表达 ( gene expression). 生物基因组中结构基因所携带的遗传信息,经过转录、翻译等一系列过程,合成具有特定的生物学功能和生物学效应的蛋白质的全过程。. (一)时间特异性 (temporal specificity) 按功能需要某一特定基因表达严格按特定的时间顺序发生。. 二、基因表达的时间性及空间性. (二)空间特异性 (spatial specificity). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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( Regulation and control of gene expression )
( gene expression)
(spatial specificity) (cell or tissue specificity)
(constitutive gene expression)
(induction expression) (repression expression)
(coordinance expression)
()
( ) RNA ( )
1.RNA2.3.4.mRNA----SD
SD Shine-Dalgarno AUG413consensus sequenceAGGAGG30S16S rRNA 3
5.RNA (1) (2)
() 1.RNA (1) RNA DNA RNA
2RNA RNA RNA
RNA
2. operon lactose operon,lac
(lac operon)DNA
-10 +1 +10 +20 +30 . . . . .5ATGTTGTGTGGAATTGTGAGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGGAA 33TACAACACACCTTAACACTCGCCTATTGTTAAAGTGTGTCCTT 5 lac+11GC lac,DNA
3. BADI1I2O1O2araCAraC
AraCO1O2I1DNAI2BADaraC
AraC,Ara CI1I2AraCBADaraC mRNAO1-O2
4 lac
cAMPcAMP cAMPcAMP: CAP(catabolite gene activator proteinCAP) CAPcAMP cAMP-CAP
cAMPcAMP
cAMP cAMP
CAPCAP
A.B.::a.b.
Trp Trp mRNA OPtrpR RNA RNA 26700140
1011trp 14aa: 1 : 1/2>2/3>3/4
mRNA 14AUG131011
UGARNA 1TrpRNA
39
() :RNA
1.RNA RNA mRNARNARNARNA200RNAmRNARNAmRNA interfering complementary RNA, micRNA 41
RNARNAmRNA 5SDmRNARNAmRNA 5AUGmRNA RNAmRNAmRNAmRNA42
RNATn10Tn10PINRNAPOUT35Tn10mRNAPOUTPINDNA43
2. RNA mRNAmRNA E.colimRNA372min
3. 50 rRNA mRNA 50
DNA
1 DNA 2
3 DNA mRNA
4 RNAheterogeneous nuclear RNA ,hnRNA(m7GpppN)PolyAmRNA
5 mRNA 6
DNA 1.
2.gene amplification
3.gene rearrangement
4. DNACpG5mC DNA
5. DNADNA
RNARNA polymerase, RNA pol
1 . (cis-acting element) RNADNA
1(promoter) (+1)5100200 bp DNA720 bpRNA
(core promoter)( upstream promoter element, UPE)
(2) (enhancer) DNA
(3) :silencer dehancer DNA,
DNA5po1yAGTSV40AGGTTTTTT
2.(trans-acting factor) 812bp DNA(sequence specific DNA binding proteinSDBP)DNA
TATA box TFDGC boxSP1
TATATATA
RNATATATATA-DNA
RNADNAopen complex,RNA
1 DNA
1)DNA zinc finger twistclusterCys2Cys2Cys2His2
A Cys2His2 (His)
B Cys2Cys2
homeodomainHD DNADNA
DNA
basic 1eucine zipperbLZ C30-6- DNA
bLZDNA
--helix-loop-helixHLH: -34
a:b - ab
2)transcriptional activation domain DNADNA30100
-acidic-helix domain TATAglutamine-rich domain proline-rich domain
3.()
:
2 1)looping2)(twisting)3(sliding)4Oozing
()1. 53 5:mRNA57 (m7GPPPmNp-) :mRNA5mRNAmRNAmRNA
3:mRNA350150poly(A):mRNA
2. mRNA(alternative splicing) 1mRNA mRNAmRNA,
,53mRNA 2mRNA
:mRNA mRNA
1213 5AUG 4 mRNA 5
2. mRNA mRNAmRNAmRNA