· RTF filetransformer of which one winding is intended to be connected in series with a circuit in order to al its voltage and/or shift its phase . The other ... (CFVV),and

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外文翻译---电力变压器附录STANDARDTRANSFORMERS

. Scope and service conditions

.1 Scopepart of international Standard IEC60076 applies to three-phase and single-phase power transformers (including auto-transformers) with the exception certain categories of small and special transformers such as:

single-phase transformers with rated power less than 1 KVA and three-phase transformers less than 5 KVA;

instrument transformers;

transformers for static convertors;

traction transformers mounted on rolling stock;

starting transformers ;

testing transformers ;

welding transformers ;standards do not exist for such categories of transformers, this part may still be applicable either as a whole or in part.

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.2 Service conditionspart gives detailed requirement for transformers for use under the following conditions:) Altitudeheight above sea-level nothttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.html exceeding 1000 m .) Temperature of ambient air not below - 25℃ and not above 40℃ .For water-cooled transformers , a temperature of cooling water at the inlet not exceeding 25℃ .) Wave shape of supply voltagesupply voltage of which the wave shape is approximately sinusoidal.This requirement is normally not critical in public supply systems but mayto be considered in installations with considerable convertor loading in such cases there is a conventional rule that the deformation shall neither exceed 5 % total harmonic content nor 1 % even harmonic content .Also note the importance of current harmonic for load loss and temperature rise.) Symmetry of three-phase supply voltagethree-phase transformers, a set of three-phase supply voltage which are approximately symmetrical .) Installation environmentenvironment with a pollution ratehttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.html that does not require special consideration regarding the external insulation of transformer bushings or of the transformer itself.environment not exposed to seismic disturbance which would otherwise require special consideration in the design. This is assumed to be the case when the ground acceleration level is below 2 m/s .for unusual service conditionsunusual service conditions which may lead to special consideration in the design of a transformer shall be stated in the enquiry and the order . These may be factors such as high altitude , extreme high or low temperature ,tropical humidity , seismic activity , severe contamination , unusual voltage or load current wave shapes and intermittent loading . They may also concern conditions for shipment ,storage and installation , such as weight or space limitations.rules for rating and testing are given in other publihttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlcations for : a. Temperature rise and cooling in high ambient temperature or at high altitude for oil-immersed transformers , and for dry-transformers .



. External insulation at high altitude :for oil-immersed transformers, and for dry-transformers.

. Definitionsthe purpose of this part , the following definitions shall apply.

.1 Generaltransformer static piece of apparatus with two or more winding , by electromagnetic, transformers a system of alternating voltage and current into another system of voltage and current usually of different values and at the same frequency for the purpose of transmitting electrical power .transformertransformer of which at least two windings have a common part.transformertransformer of which one winding is intended to be connected in series with a circuit in order to alhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlter its voltage and/or shift its phase . The other winding is an energizing winding.immersed type transformertransformer of which the magnetic circuit and winding are immersed in oil.For the purpose of this part any insulating liquid , mineral oil or other product , is regard as oil .type transformertransformer of which the magnetic circuit and winding are not immersed in an insulating liquid .preservation systemsystem in an oil-immersed transformer by which the thermal expansion of the oil is accommodated . Contact between the oil and external air may sometimes be diminished or prevented .

．2Terminals and neutral point

conducting element intended for connecting a winding to external conductorsterminalterminal intended for connecting to a line conductor of a networkterminal://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlr) For three-phase transformers and three-phase banks of single-phase transformers: The terminal or terminals connected to the common point (the neutral point ) of a star-connected or zigzag connected winding .) For single-phase transformers:terminal intended for connection to a neutral point of a network .terminalof different windings of a transformer , marked the same letter or corresponding symbol.

.3Windings

assembly of turn forming an electrical circuit associated with one of the voltage assigned to the transformer.



For a three-phase transformer , the winding is the combination of the phase windings.windingwinding in which the effective number of turns can be changed in stepswindingassembly of turns forming one phase of a three-phase winding The tehttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlrm phase winding should not be used for identifying the assembly of all coil on a specific leg.voltage windingwinding having the highest rated voltagevoltage windingwinding having the lowest rated voltage For a booster transformer , the winding having the lower rated voltage may be that having the higher insulation level.voltage windingwinding of a multi-winding transformer having a rated voltage intermediate between the highest and lowest winding rated voltages.windingwinding intended only for a small load compared with the rated power of the transformerwindingsupplementary delta-connected winding provided in a star-star-connected or star-zigzag-connected transformer to decrease its zero-sequence impedance .windingcommon part of the winding of an autohttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.html-transformer.windingpart of the winding of auto-transformer or the winding of a booster transformer which is intended to be connected in series with a circuit .windingwinding of a booster transformer which is intended to supply power to the series winding.

.4Rating

numerical values assigned to the quantities which define the operation of the transformer in the conditions specified in this part and on which the manufacturer’s guarantees and the tests are based .quantities(voltage ,current, etc ), the numerical values of which define the rating1 For transformers having tapping ,rated quantities are related to the principal tapping , unless otherwise specified . Corresponding quantities with analogous meaning , related to other specific tapping , are called tapping quantities . Vohttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlltage and current are always expressed by their r.m.s. values ,unlessspecified.voltage of a windingvoltage assigned to be applied , or developed at no-load ,between the



terminals of an untapped winding , or of a tapped winding connected on the principal tapping . For a three-phase winding it is the voltage between line terminals . The rated voltage of all windings appear simultaneously at no-load when the voltage applied to one of them has its rated value. For single-phase transformers intended to be connected in star to form a three-phase bank, the rated voltage is indicated as phase-to-phase voltage ,divided by 3 for example Ur=4003kV. For the series winding of a three-phase booster transformer which is designed as an open winding , the rated voltage is indicated as if the winding were connected in star , for example Ur=23kV.://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlg , and that the temperature rise over ambient of any winding , at any tapping , does not exceed the specified maximum value .voltage ratioratio of the rated voltage of a winding to the rated voltage of another winding associated with a lower or equal rated voltage .frequencyfrequency at which the transformer is designed to openrated .powerconventional value of apparent power assigned to a winding which ,together with the rated voltage of the winding , determines its rated current. Both winding of a two-winding transformer have the same rated power which by definition is the rated power of the whole transformer.2 For a multi-winding transformer, half the arithmetic sum of the rated power values of all winding (separate winding , not auto-connected )gives a rough estimate of its physical size as compared with a two-winding trhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlansformer .currentcurrent flowing through a line terminal of a winding which is derived from rated power Sr and rated voltage Ur for the winding . For three-phase winding the rated current Ir is given by:=Sr

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r(A)

.5Tapping

a transformer having a tapped winding , a specific connection of that winding, representing a definite effective number of turn in the tapped winding and ,consequently ,a definite turns ratio between this winding and other winding with fixed number of turns .\par One of the tappings is the principal tapping , and other tappings are described in relation to the principal tapping by their respective tapping factors .tappingtapping to which the rated quantities are relatedfactor(corresponding to a given tapping )



ratio: Ur/Ud(tapping fachttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmltor ) or100Ur/Ud( tapping factor expressed as a percentage )

is the rated voltage of the windingis the voltage which would be developed at no-load at the terminals of the winding , at the tapping concerned , by applying rated voltage to an untapped winding.This definition is not appropriate in relation to a series winding of a booster transformer , and in that case the percentage notation would be referred to the voltage of the energizing winding or of the winding of an associated system transformer .tappingtapping whose tapping factor is higher than 1.tappingtapping whose tapping factor is lower than 1.stepdifference between the tapping factors ,expressed as a percentage , of two adjacent tapping .rangevariation range of the tapping factor ,expressed as a percentage ,compared wihttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlth the value 100If this factor range from 100 a to 100-b , the tapping range is said to be : a%,

b% or a% ,if a=b.voltage ratio (of a pair of windings )ratio which is equal to the rated voltage ratio :

multiplied by the tapping factor of the tapped winding if this is the high-voltage winding:

divided by the tapping factor of the tapped winding if this is the low-voltage winding. While the rated voltage ratio is by definition, at least equal to 1 , the tapping voltage ratio can be lower than 1 for certain tapping when the rated voltage ratio is close to 1.dutynumerical values assigned to the quantities ,analogous to rated quantities , which refer to tapping other than the principal tapping .quantitiesquantities the numerical values of which define the tapping duty of a particular tapping ( ohttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlther than the principal tapping )Tapping quantities exist for any winding in the transformer ,not only for the tapped winding .tapping quantities are ;

tapping voltage



tapping power

tapping current

.Requirements for transformers having a tapped windingNotation of tapping rangefollowing subclauses apply to transformers in which only one of the winding of the tapped winding.a multi-winding transformer,the statements apply to the combination of the tapped winding with either of the untapped windings.auto-connected transformers,tappings are sometimes arranged at the neutral which means that the effective number of turns is changed simultancously in both windings.For such transformers,the tapping particulars are subject to agreement.Theof this clause should be used as applicable.otherwise spehttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlcified,the principal tapping is located in the middle of the tapping range.Other tappings are identified by their tapping factors.The number of tappings and the range of variation of the transformer ratio may be expressed in short notation by the deviations of the tapping factor percentages from the value 100(for definitions of terms).: A transformer with a tapped 160 kV winding having altogether 21 tappings,symmetrically placed, is designateda:

(220±8×1.25%)/35 Kvfor some reason the tapping range is specified asymmetrically around the rated voltage,we may get:

(220

6 1.25%)/35kVThe way of short notation is only a description of the arrangement of the tapped winding and does not imply actual variations of applied voltage on that winding in service.This is dealt with in 5.2 and 5.3.the full presentation on the nameplate of data related thttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlo individual tappings.tappings may be ‘reduced-power tappings’ due to restrictions in either tappings,voltage or tapping current.The boundary tappings where such limitations appear are called‘maximum voltage tapping’and ‘maximum current tapping’. Tapping voltage-tapping current, Standard categories of tapping voltage variation .Maximum voltage tapping.short notation of tapping range and tapping steps indicates the variation range of the ratio of the transformer, But the assigned values of tapping quantities are not fully defined by this alone .Additional information is necessary .This can be given either in tabular form with tapping power, tapping voltage and tapping current for each tapping, or as text, indicating‘category of voltage variation’and possible limitations of the range with in which the tapping are



‘full-power tappings’ . The extreme categories of tapping voltage variation are :

http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlconstant flux voltage variation(CFVV),and

variable flux voltage variation(VFVV).are defined as follows:

tapping voltage in any untapped winding is constant from tapping to tapping .The tapping voltages in the tapped winding are proportional to the tapping factors. VFVVtapping voltage in the tapped winding is constant from tapping to tapping. The tapping voltage in any untapped winding are inversely proportional to the tapping factor.

many application and particularly with transformers having a tapping range, a combination is specified using both principles applied to different parts of the range: combined voltage variation(CbVV),The change-over point is called ‘maximum voltage tapping’.For this system the following applies:applies for tapping with tapping factors below the maximum voltage tapping factor.applies for tapping whttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlith tapping factors above the maximum voltage tapping factor.power .Full-power tappings-reduced-power tappingstappings shall be full-power tappings,except as specified below.separate-winding transformers up to and including 2500kVA with a tapping range not exceeding ±5% the tapping current in the tapped winding shall be equal to rated current at all mius tappings.This means that the principal tapping is a ‘maximum current tapping ’,see below.transformers with a tapping range wider than ±5% ,restrictions may be specified on values of tapping voltage or tapping current which would otherwise rise considerably above the rated values.When such restrictions are specified ,the tappings concerned will be reuced-power tappings.This subclause describes such arrangements. When the tapping factor deviates from unity, the tapping current for full-powermay rise abhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlove rated current on one of the windings. In order to limit the corresponding reinforcement of the onwards the tapping current values for the winding are then specified to be constant . This means that the remaining tappings towards the extreme tapping are reduced-power tappings.CbVV, the maximum voltage tapping , the change-over point between CFVV and VFVV shall at the same time be a maximum current tapping unless otherwise specified . This means thatthe untapped winding current stays constant up to the extreme plus tapping.of short-circuit Impedanceotherwise specified, the short-circuit impedance of a pair of windings is referred to the principal tapping .For transformers having a tapped winding with tapping range exceeding ±5% ,impedance values are also to be given for the



two extreme tapping . On such transformers these three values of impedance shall also be measurehttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmld during the short-circuit.impedance values are given for several tappings , and particularly when the winding of the pair have dissimilar rated power values , it is recommended that the impedance values be submitted in ohms per phase , referred to either of the windings , rather than as percentage values . Percentage values may lead to confusion because of varying practices concerning reference values . Whenever percentage values are given it is advisable that the corresponding reference power and reference voltage values be explicitly indicated .The selection of an impedance value by the user is subject to conflicting demands: limitation of voltage drop versus limitation of overcurrent under system fault conditions . Economic optimization of the design , bearing in mind loss , lead towards a certain range of impedance values . Parallel operation with an existing transformer .an enquiry cohttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlntains a specification of not only the impedance at the principal tapping but also its variation across the tapping range , this means a quite important restriction on the design (placing of winding in relation to each other ) . Such a detalled specification should therefore not be issued without good reason.way of specifying short-circuit impedance values in the enquiry which leaves some degree of freedom in the design , is to indicate an acceptable range between upper and lower boundaries , across the whole tapping range . This may be done with the aid of a graph or a table .boundaries shall be at least as far apart as to permit the double-sided tolerances of clause to be applied on a median value between them . An example is shown in annex.manufacturer shall select and guarantee impedance values for the principal tapping and for the extreme tapping which are between the boundarihttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmles . Measured values may deviate from guaranteed values within the tolerances according to clause , but shall not fall outside the boundaries , which are limits without tolerance .loss and temperature rise

If the tapping range is within ±5% , and the rated power not above﹚ 2500 kVA , load loss guarantees and temperature rise refer to the principal tapping only , and the temperature rise test is test is run on that tapping .) If the tapping range exceeds ±5% , or the rated power is above 2500 kVA , it shall be stated for which tappings , in addition to the principal tapping, the load losses are to be guaranteed by the manufacturer . These load losses are referred to the relevant tapping current values . The temperature-rise limits are valid for all tappings , at the appropriate tapping power , tapping voltage and tapping current .temperature-rise type test , if specified , shalhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmll be carried out on one tapping only . It will , unless otherwise agreed , be the maximum current tapping (which is usually the tapping with the highest load



loss ) . The total loss for the selected tapping is the test power for determination of oil temperature rise during the temperature rise test , and the tapping current for that tapping is the reference current for determination of winding temperature rise above oil . For information about rules and tests regarding the temperature rise of oil-immersed transformers .principle , the temperature-rise type test shall demonstrate that cooling equipment is sufficient for dissipation of maximum total loss on anysecond purpose normally requires the maximum current tapping to be selected for

the test . But the amount of total loss to be injected in order to determine maximum oil temperature rise shall correspond to the highest value for any tapping ,http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.html even if this is other than the tapping connected for the test .

国际标准电力变压器适用范围和使用条件.1.1 适用范围国际标准 IEC60076 适用于三相和单相电力变压器（包括自耦变压器）,小型和专用变压器除外如：—额定容量小于 1KVA 的单相变压器和额定容量小于 5KVA 的三相变压器； —互感器；—变流变压器；—电机车牵引变压器；—启动变压器；实验变压器；—电焊变压器）当小型和专用变压器没有相应的标准时，可参照 IEC60076 的本部分标准。.2 使用条件正常条件本标准对变压器的技术要求，是在下述的使用条件下规定的。）海拔



海拔不超过 1000 米（3300ft））环境温度和冷却介质温度环境温度不低于-25℃并且不高于 40℃。对于水冷变压器在入水口处冷却水的温度不能超过 25℃。）电源电压波形电源电压的波形近似于正旋波。注：对于公用供电系统来说，此要求并不苛刻，但当有强大的换流器负载设备时，却应考虑；畸变波形中的总畸变量不大于 5%，偶次谐波含量不大于 1%。还应考虑谐波电流对负载损耗和温升电流的影响。）三相电源电压对称对于三相变压器，其三相电源电压应大致对称。）安装环境安装环境无明显污垢时，变压器套管或变压器的外绝缘不需做特殊考虑。地震引发的地面加速度 ag;在 2m/s 以下（设计中不需考虑此限度内的特殊地震问题）。特殊使用条件规定任何在变压器设计中需特殊考虑的特殊使用条件应在询价和订货时说明。这些因素是高海拔、过高或过低温度、湿热带、地震活动、严重污染不正常的电压或负载电流波形和间歇负载。也应该考虑运输、储存和安装条件特殊使 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.html 用条件下，变压器的额定值和实验规则另有规定:.在较高环境温度或高海拔环境下的温升和冷却：油浸式变压器按 IEC 60076-2 的规定；干式变压器按 IEC 60076-2 的规定。B 在高海拔环境下的外绝缘：油浸式变压器按 IEC 60076-3-1 和 IEC 60076-3-3 的规定; 干式变压器按 IEC 60076 的规定。.术语以下术语用于本标准，其它属于按 IEC 60076.

. 1 一般标准电力变压器



具有两个或多个绕组静止设备，为了传输电能，在同一频率下，通过电磁感应将一个系统的交流电压和电流转换为另一个系统的电压和电流，通常这些电压和电流值是不同的。自耦变压器至少两个绕组的具有国内公共部分的变压器增压变压器具有一个与线路串联以改变线路电压和相位的串联绕组及一个励磁绕组的变压器。油浸式变压器铁芯和绕组都浸入油中的变压器。注:任何绝缘液体（矿物油或其他制品）都看作油。干式变压器铁芯和绕组都不浸入绝缘液体中的变压器油保护系统在油浸式变压器中，为适应油的油的热膨胀而设置的油保护系统，以减少或防止油与外部空气相接触。.2端子和中性点端子用于将绕组与外部导线相连接的导电部件。线路端子用于连接电网络导电的一种端子。中性点对称电压系统中，同场处于零电位的一点。中性点端子.对三项变压器或单向变压器组成的三项组指连接星形连接或曲折型连接公共点端子。.对单向变压器



只连接网络中性点的端子对应端子变压器不同绕组标有相同字母或对应符号端子。.3 绕组绕组构成与变压器标注的某一变压值相对应的点起线路的一组线匝。注:对 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.html 于三相变压器，指三个相绕组的绕合。带分接绕组有效匝数可以改变的绕组。相绕组构成三相绕组的一个相的线匝组合。注：“相绕组”一词不应与某一心柱上的所有线圈的组装体混同。高压绕组具有高压额定电压的绕组。低压绕组具有最低额定电压的绕组。注：对于增压变压器，较低额定电压的绕组可能具有较高的绝缘水平。中压绕组多绕组变压器中的一个绕组，其额定电压在最高额定电压和最低额定电压之间。辅助绕组只承担比变压器额定容量小的多的负载绕组。稳定绕组在星形-星形连接或星形-曲折型连接的变压器中，为减小星形连接绕组的零序阻抗而专门设计的一种辅助的三角形连接的绕组。



公共绕组自耦变压器有关绕组的公共部分。串联绕组对于自耦变压器，是指与线路串联部分的绕组；对于增压变压器。则指串联于线路中的绕组。励磁绕组增压变压器中，向串联绕组供给电能的绕组。.4 额定值额定值对某些参数的指定的值，用于限定变压器在本标准规定条件下运行，并作为实验的基准和制造厂的保证值。额定参数其数值用于确定额定值的某些参数（电流、电压等）。注：1 对有分接的变压器，额定参数均指主分接，另有规定除外。与其他具体分接有类似意义的相应参数叫分接参数。除非另有规定，电压和电流用其方均根植表示。绕组的额定电压在处于主分接的带分解绕组的端子间或不带分接的绕组段子间或不带分接的绕组端子间，指定施加的电压或空载时感应出的电压。对于三相绕组，是指线路端子间的电压。注：1.当施加在其中一个绕组上的电压为额定值时，在空在的情况下，所有绕组出现在各自的额定电压值。.对要连接成星形三相绕组的单向变压器，用相-

[ 此处图片未下载成功 ]://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.htmlar来表示额定电压。．三相增压变压器的串联绕组设计成开路绕组时，其额定电压可按星形连接来表示。



.5 额定电压比一个绕组的额定电压与另一个具有较低或相等的额定电压的绕组的额定电压之比。额定频率变压器设计所依据的运行频率。额定容量是某一个绕组的视在功率的指定值，和该绕组的额定电压一起决定其额定电流。注：1双绕组变压器的两个绕组有相同的额定容量，即是这台变压器的额定容量。.对于多绕组变压器，用其所有绕组（非自耦连接的独立绕组）额定容量算术和的来粗略估算其实际尺寸，以便与双绕组变压器作比较。额定电流由变压器额定容量和额定电压之比推导出的流经绕组线路端子的电流。注：1.对于三相变压器绕组，其额定电流表示为：Ir=Sr

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r(A)

.对于要连三角形接法以形成三项组的单向变压器绕组，其额定嗲牛表示为[此处图片未下载成功]

。.6 分接分接在带分接的绕组的变压器中，该绕组的每一个分接连续均表示该分接的绕组有一确定值的有效匝数，也表示该分解绕组与任何其他杂书不变的绕组有一确定值的匝数比。注：在所有分接中，有一个是主分接，其他分接用各自的相对的主分接的分接因数来表示其与主分接的关系。主分接与额定参数相对应的分解。



分接因数指Ur/Ud(分接因数)或 100Ur/Ud（用百分数表示分接因数）。其中 Ur-该绕组的额定电压不带分接的绕组施加额定电压时，处于指定分接位置的绕组端子间在空载下所感应出的电压。注：本定义不适用增压变压器的串联绕组。正分接分接因数大于 1 的分接负分接分接因数小于 1 的分接。分接级两相邻分接间以百分数表示 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.html 分解因数之差。分解范围用百分数表示的分接因数与 100 相比的变化范围。注：如果分接范围从 100 a 变到 100-b，则此分接范围为： a%、-b%;若 a=b，则为 a%.

分接电压比（一对绕组的）当带分解的绕组时高压绕组时，其分接电压比等于额定电压比乘上该绕组的分接因数。当带分接的绕组时低压绕组时，其分接电压比等于额定电压比除以该绕组的分接因数。注:按定义，虽额定电压比至少等于 1，但当额定电压比接近 1 时，某些分接的分接电压比有可能小于 1.

分接能力除主分接以外，其他分接某些参数的指定值，与额定参数相类似。分接参数



表示某一分接（除主分接以外）的分接工作能力参数。注：变压器内任何一个绕组（不只是带分接的绕组）都有分接参数。其分接参数是：.分接电压（与额定电压类似）。.分接容量（与额定容量类似）。.分接电流（与额定电流类似）。对有一个带分接绕组的变压器的技术要求.分接范围的标志主分接应位于分接范围的中点（另有规定除外），其他分接用分接因数标志。分接位置数和电压比的变化范围用分接因数百分值与 100之间的偏差作为简化标志。例：一台变压器，带分接绕组的额定电压是 220KV，有 17 个分接，对称布置，其标志为：（220±8×1.25%）/35KV

若规定的分接范围不与额定电压对称布置时，其标志为：（220

6×1.25%）/35KV

注：此简化标志，只表示带分接绕组的分接布置，不体现该绕组在运行中施加电压的实际变化。详见 5.2 和 5.3。每个分接参数的数据，应标志在铭牌上。受分接电压和分接电流的限制，某些分接可为“降低容量分接”。出现这些限制的边界分接，被称为“最大电压分接”或“最大电流分接”。. 分接参数变化的标准 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.html类型及最大电压分接分接范围和分接分接位置数的简化标志，标志着变压器的变压比的变化范围，但不能充分表示分接参数的指定值。还必须补充一些数据，如：可以用表格列出每个分接的分接容量、分接电压和分接电流，或用文字说明其调压种类和“满容量分接”的限制范围。分接电压调节应选择恒磁通调压（CFVV）、变磁通调压（VFVV）和混合调压（COVV）。分接电压调节应符合下述规定：.恒磁通调压适用于分接因数低于最大电压分接因数的各分接；.变磁通调压适用于分接因数高于最大电压分接因数的各分接；



分接容量除以下规定外，所有分接均应为满容量分接。额定容量在 2500KVA及以下，且分接范围在±5%之内的独立绕组变压器中，所有负分接绕组中的分接电流等于额定电流，这表明其主分接是“最大电流分接”。在分接范围超过±5%的变压器中，可能要对其分接电压或分接电流规定限制值，否则会超过额定值。当规定这些限制时，某些分接既为降低容量分接。当分接因数不等于１时，对于满容量分接，其分接电流有可能会超过额定电流。在恒磁通调压下的负分接，带分接的绕组会出现这种情况；在变磁通下的正分接，不带分接的绕组会出现这种情况。为避免出现上述情况，有可能要规定最大电流分接，由最大电流分接，该绕组的分接电流应定为常数。这也表示直到极限分接的其余分接是降低容量分接。在混合调压下，最大电压分接（即恒磁通调压与变磁通调压之间的转折点）同时是最大电流分接（但另有规定除外），不带分接绕组的电流，直到极限正分接处，保持为一常数。短路阻抗一对绕组的短路阻抗是按主分接规定的（另有规定除外）。对于分接范围超过±5%时，还应给出两个极限分接的短路阻抗值。在短路阻抗实验时，主分接和两个极限分接三个阻抗值均应进行测量。对于几个分接均给出阻抗值时，特别是当一对绕组有不同的额定容量时，推荐用每相欧姆数表示其阻抗值（以该对绕组的任一绕组为基准），而不用百分数表示，由于采用 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/02fb7b9828ea81c758f578c8.html基准值不同，用百分数表示可能会引起混乱。当以百分数表示时，应明确地指出其相应的基准容量和基准电压值。注：用户选择阻抗值时，会遇到彼此相矛盾的要求：电压降的限制与系统故障的过电流限制；损耗的最佳经济设计又要求短路短路阻抗在一定范围内。若与现有变压器并联运行，还须考虑匹配阻抗。若询价不仅对主分接的短路阻抗值进行要求，还包括对其它分接范围内的短路阻抗变化，这表示对设计有重大的限制（各绕组之间的相互配置），因此，要提出这些详细的规定。两个限值之间，应有足够的差值，至少允许他们的中间值加上规定的正负偏差。制造厂应选择主分接及极限分接的短路阻抗值，并保证在上、下限（无允许偏差）之外。.负载损耗和温升



负载损耗和温升应符合以下规定;. 对分接范围在±5%以内，且额定容量不超过 2500KVA 的变压器，负载损耗和温升的保证仅指主分接。温升试验选在主分接上进行。. 对分接范围超过±5%，或额定容量大于 2500KVA 的变压器，除主分接外，还应指明需由制造厂保证的其他分接的负载损耗。负载损耗是以相应的分接电流为基准。温升限值对所有分接都适用（在相应的分接容量、分接电压和分接电流下）。温升作为型式试验时，仅在一个分接上进行，且应选三“最大电流分接”（通常是具有最大的负载损耗分接）上进行（除非另有协议）。确定油温升的试验容量应是选定分接的总损耗，该分接电流是确定绕组对油温升的参考电流。温升试验的目的，是验证变压器冷却系统能否将由最大总损耗所产生的热散发出去，且在所有分接下，任何绕组高出环境温度的温升不超过温升限值的规定。按第二目的，则要求选择“最大电流分接”，但为确定最大油温升，要施加的总损耗应是具有最大损耗分接的损耗（即使这个分接不是试验选择的分接）.

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