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scolexneck

Mature segment

Gravid segment

Teania worm

1. Teania saginata

2. Teania solium

Teania saginata

Taenia saginata (beef tape worm)

Double striated egg shellHexacanth embryo

More than 12 lateral uterine branch

Gravid segment rupture and release eggs

Human infected by eating undercooked beef

Definitive and reservoir host

Intermediate host

• Maturation time 8-10

weeks .

• Life span up to 25

years.

• Scolex evaginate in

small intestine and

attach it self to

mucosa of intestine.

Pathology• Adult: may be abdominal pain

with some abdominal disturbance.

-Scolex with hook

-Uterine lateral Branches less than 12

Usual Intermediate host liberated embryo,via bloodstream to tissue especially muscle Measly

pork

Definitive and reservoir hosts

Cysticercus is liberated, scolex evaginates, attaches itself to mucosa of small intestine. develops to adult. Maturation time 3months.Life span up to 25 years.

Development of cysticercus cellulosea-5x8-10mm

Pathology• Adult: may be abdominal pain

with some abdominal disturbance.• Larvae of T.solium produce cystic

nodules (cysticercosis) in sub- cutaneous tissue and muscles with mild symptoms; except when present in brain it can cause major central nervous system sign.

• Cysticercosis can occur by autoinfection:

• Internal—antiprestalsis movement of intestine gets its contents back to the stomach

• External ova in stool of infected patient contaminate his own food or hands

- Autoinfection- Opportunistic parasitic infection- I.H & D.h

Liberated embryo penetrates villus and becomes cysticercoid in4 days.Cysticrcercoid re-enter lumen ,attaches itself to mucosa and develops into adult worm in 10-12 days

- Librated embryo penetrates villus

and becomes cystocercoid in 4 days .- cysticercoid re-enters lumen, attaches itself to mucosa and

develops into adult worm in 10-12 days.

 Diagnosis: Eggs in stools

TapewormDiseaseTreatment Taenia saginata TaeniasisPraziquantel 5-10 mg/Kg single

dose

Taenia solium adult

TaeniasisPraziquanlel 5-10 mg/Km single dose

Taenia solium larvae

CystisercosisPraziquantel (not for ocular cases)

50 mg/Kg divided into 3doses/day for 14 days to hospitalized patient only, -steroid to reduce reaction in brain cysticerci)

Hymenolepis nana

Hymenolepiasis

Praziquantel 15-25mg/kg single dose)

Echinococcus granulosus

Hydatid

disease

-Surgery (removal of cyst after injection of scolicide)-Albendazole

Each cours 10-15 mg/kg/day for 30 days, total of 4 course separated by 15 days breaks.

cyclenana.gif

3-8 mm in length 4 segments:1-scolex with 4 sucker and hooks,2- immature 3- mature 4- gravid segment.- Definitive host is dog.

- Intermediate host is sheep, cattle , camel and human.

Librated embryo penetrates mucosa carried by blood streams to various sites

(1)adult worms in bowels of definitive host. (2) eggs passed in feces, ingested by

humans or intermediate host.(3) onchosphere penetrates intestinal

wall, carried via blood to lodge in organs. (4) hyatid cysts develop in liver, lungs, brain, heart. (5) protoscolices (hydatid sand)

ingested by definitive host. (6) attach to small intestine and grow to adult worm.

•Infection•Human (I.H.), acceidental

ingestion of dog feces containing eggs.

•Dogs (D.H.) ingest offal (farm feed of ground organs) containing cysts.

Clinical feature and pathology• Depend on site and size• Can cause obstructions and pressure

on vital organs.• Or rupture of cyst with anaphylactic

shock.• Some cyst grow for short time ,die

and calcify.• 66% of cyst found in liver in Rt lobe.• H.cyst in lung cause pul.symptoms

and sputum containing blood and hydatid fluid.

• Can be found in bone , brain ,spleen and kidneys…..

diagnosis:•Clinically,•ultrasound scanning and

other imaging techniques•Laboratory•Serological detection of

antibodies.•Examination of cyst fluid for

brood capsules and protoscoleces, after surgical removal of cyst.

•Serologic Testing: detect antibody response• IHA (indirect hemagglutination

test) • ELISA (enzyme-linked

emmunosorbent assay)

Treatment:

Surgical Removal of Hydatid Cysts • 90% effective but can be risky depending

on location, size, and advancement of cyst • may need chemotherapy to prevent

recurrance

Chemotherapy• Albendazole is preferred treatment

because it penetrates into hyatid cysts. • Dosage: 10mg/kg body weight or 400mg

2x daily for 4 weeks, repeat cycles as necessary (up to 12)

• Mebendazole Dosage: 40mg/kg body weight 3x daily for 3-6 months

PAIR Treatment • Puncture, aspiration, injection,

respiration • Inject protoscolicidal substances

into the cyst

TapewormDiseaseTreatmentTaenia saginataTaeniasisPraziquantel 5-10 mg/Kg single

dose

Taenia solium adult

TaeniasisPraziquanlel 5-10 mg/Km single dose

Taenia solium larvae

CystisercosisPraziquantel (not for ocular cases)

50 mg/Kg divided into 3doses/day for 14 days to hospitalized patient only, -steroid to reduce reaction in brain cysticerci)

Hymenolepis nana

Hymenolepiasis

Praziquantel 15-25mg/kg single dose)

Echinococcus granulosus

Hydatid disease

-Surgery (removal of cyst after injection of scolicide)-Albendazole

Each cours 10-15 mg/kg/day for 30 days, total of 4 course separated by 15 days breaks.

What you need to know about a parasite

• Scientific name (and commom name)

• Geographic distribution ( in general terms)

• Life-cycle

• Pathogenesis

• Disease(s) caused

• Diagnosis

• Treatment ( drug of choice) & prevention

Resources on Parasitology

Centre for Disease Control and

Prevention (CDC) :

http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/HTML/Para_Health.htm

Resources on Parasitology

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