安全系統設計主要元件Security System Design Elements

授課老師：黃俊能

主要工具THE TOOLS The tools of design include

– drawings, 設計圖– specifications, 產品規範標準– Interdiscipline coordination, 領域整合協調– product selection, 產品選擇– project management, 專案管理– client management. 客戶管理

設計圖Drawings

Drawings are the heart of the design. 設計圖是設計案件的核心 Drawings should show the following 包含以下

– The relationship of devices to their physical environment (plans, elevations, and physical details) 所有安全設備與實體環境之關係 ( 平面、高度建築物實體細節 )– The relationship of devices to the conduit system and to power (plans and risers) 所有安全設備與電路及電源之關係 ( 平面及高度 )– The relationship of devices to each other (single line diagrams) 所有安全設備與其他之關係 ( 單線圖 )– The relationship of devices to the user (programming schedules) 所有安全設備與使用者之關係 ( 時程考量 )

設計圖Drawings

Drawings must serve five distinct types of users 設計圖必需服務五個主要使用者 :

– 1. The bid estimator: 標案估價師 Helpful drawing tools include device schedules (spreadsheets listing devices and their attributes) 有用的設計圖應包含有設備的清單及設備的功能屬性 and plans showing device locations and conduit lengths, sizes, and wire fills. 設備裝置之位置、線路尺寸、長度、大小 Other drawings useful to the bid estimator include single line diagrams, riser diagrams, and system interfacing diagrams. 各種線路圖

設計圖Drawings

2. The installer 安裝 ( 工人 ) 者 :– The installer needs drawings that show both the big picture and the smallest details. Therefore, it is helpful if the drawings are formatted in a hierarchical fashion. 對安裝者而言，有用的設計圖應該是有層級清楚的說明。– Single lines show the big picture. Plans show device locations and their relationship to the building and conduit system. 單線圖展現全圖概念，平面圖展現設備位置及建築物與電源關係– Physical details and interface details show the smaller details. 建物實體細節及界面展示各細部之內容

設計圖Drawings

3. The project manager 專案經理 :– The project manager needs to manage the progress ( 管理所有程序 )

Installation 安裝 , including coordinating the ordering and arrival of parts and supplies and coordinating manpower to the project at the correct time, in the correct place 正確位置 , and in coordination with other trades to get all devices mounted and all connections made.

– He or she will primarily rely on schedules 完全依賴設計圖說所提供之指示 for provisioning logistics, 後勤 plans to measure installation progress, 安裝計畫 and single line diagrams to gauge how close the system is to start-up. 確認系統啟用

設計圖Drawings

4. The maintenance technician 維護技師 :– 維護工作是非常重要且煩瑣之工作– will need single line diagrams to determine how the system interconnects, plans to determine where devices are located and how they connect in the physical space, and risers and power schedules to know where to go from floor to floor and the source of power for each device. 需要了解系統的各項細節、系統固定維護時程及所有維修資源之細項內容– The integrator should be required to provide maintenance manuals that have all these drawings. 提供必要之維護手冊

設計圖Drawings

5. The next engineer expanding the system下次系統擴充展延之需求 :– Many systems undergo expansion on an irregular basis. 許多系統並無統一規定– next engineer will need all of drawings in order to understand how to expand the system. 下一位工程師需要所有相關圖說，以方便了解如何擴充系統之展延– The client should receive all your drawings in AutoCADR form and specifications in Adobe PDF form. 交付客戶時，應該有所有以 AutoCAD 軟體為基礎之圖，及 PDA 為基礎之之文件說明。

產品規範標準Specifications

If drawings are the heart of the design, specifications are the head. 產品規範標準與設計圖亦是同樣重要的地位– Specifications generally take precedent in legal disputes. 是重要的法律糾紛前例– Specifications should include

a description of what the project entails; descriptions of the whole integrated system and each subsystem; a description of the services the contractor will provide; and a list of acceptable products and acceptable installation, testing, acceptance, training, and warranty practices.

產品選擇Product Selection

Specifying the correct products for the job can result in a wonderful system that can easily exceed the owner’s expectations. 正確產品選擇可達到業主的滿意期待

– The wrong products can leave the owner upset with the installer, the manufacturer, and the designer. 錯誤產品選擇造成工作專隊的困擾

– If the owner suffers, everyone suffers. The operator suffers, the maintenance tech suffers, the integrator who has to listen to an unhappy client suffers, the manufacturer suffers, and the industry suffers. 系統整合者必需非常小心查驗產品所帶給所有人的感受，如果客戶使用上覺得痛苦不好用、所有團隊成員都會覺得痛苦。連帶產業都會有所影響。– Respect the client’s interests in product selections. Have a pure heart on this. 重視客戶的興趣與選擇，是產品選擇的重要關鍵。

領域整合協調Interdiscipline Coordination

This is where enterprise and integrated security systems make it or break it. 成敗之關鍵

Some designers are especially adroit at coordinating the interfaces of related systems. Their interfaces work beyond all expectations and their clients are extremely satisfied. 系統設計師之經驗直接影響業主的滿意度

a challenge to design an alarm/CCTV/voice communications system to protect an unmanned offshore oil platform where there was only a 60-kb satellite up/downlink throughput and only 24 watts of power available to power the security system equipment. 作者曾經有過的經驗：整合警示 /CCTV/ 語音在無人的海岸石油平台，該系統只有 60-kb 衛星傳輸及 24 watts 電力之安全設備

領域整合協調Interdiscipline Coordination

原設計： A normal system design would have required the client to spend an additional $6,000 per month on satellite throughput and a new capital investment of $100,000 in additional solar panels to power it. ( 將花掉業主大量的費用，額外安裝衛星傳輸及太陽能發電設備 )

作者的創作設計： Our design incorporated the existing satellite throughput and required no additional power investment. ( 整合現有衛星傳輸及無增加任何的用電投資 ) This was done with off-the-shelf equipment simply by using an existing SCADA system and programmable logic controller to do alarm processing instead of adding a separate alarm system and by manipulating the video data packet size and system operation so that only one camera was ever on the satellite at one time to limit video throughput. ( 增加了控制系統及邏輯運算器而把警示器程序整合，最後只使用一個攝影機設備即解決了衛星傳輸的問題 )

領域整合協調Interdiscipline Coordination

原設計： A normal system design would have required the client to spend an additional $6,000 per month on satellite throughput and a new capital investment of $100,000 in additional solar panels to power it. ( 將花掉業主大量的費用，額外安裝衛星傳輸及太陽能發電設備 )

作者的創作設計： Our design incorporated the existing satellite throughput and required no additional power investment. ( 整合現有衛星傳輸及無增加任何的用電投資 ) This was done with off-the-shelf equipment simply by using an existing SCADA system and programmable logic controller to do alarm processing instead of adding a separate alarm system and by manipulating the video data packet size and system operation so that only one camera was ever on the satellite at one time to limit video throughput. ( 增加了控制系統及邏輯運算器而把警示器程序整合，最後只使用一個攝影機設備即解決了衛星傳輸的問題 )

領域整合協調Interdiscipline Coordination

作者其他創見： sequenced one frame of video at a time across the satellite link in order to prevent contention between the cameras or trying to stuff too much data across a too small pipe. This sort of design expertise makes very happy clients and can be the difference between impossible and doable designs. ( 調整資料傳輸前後順序，解決了大量資料一次傳輸的大量傳輸需求 )

專案管理Project Management Design project management is all about delivering a design that meets the client’s needs, the integrator’s needs, and the client’s project manager’s needs. 專案經理的重要任務是滿足業主的需求、整合者的需求、及業主專案管理的需求 The designer must do all this while working on other projects; he or she must provide the project deliverables on time and complete, and keep all parties happy. 設計者需要使各專案在即定時程及各項要求下完成，提供所有專案成員歡愉的工作環境與流順。 Project management has four main phases( 四階段 ):

– Initiating the project 啟始專案– Planning the project 規劃專案– Executing the project 執行專案– Controlling and closing the project 監控專案進行及專案順利結束完成

專案管理Project Management Design project management is all about delivering a design that meets the client’s needs, the integrator’s needs, and the client’s project manager’s needs. 專案經理的重要任務是滿足業主的需求、整合者的需求、及業主專案管理的需求 The designer must do all this while working on other projects; he or she must provide the project deliverables on time and complete, and keep all parties happy. 設計者需要使各專案在即定時程及各項要求下完成，提供所有專案成員歡愉的工作環境與流順。 Project management has four main phases( 四階段 ):

– Initiating the project 啟始專案– Planning the project 規劃專案– Executing the project 執行專案– Controlling and closing the project 監控專案進行及專案順利結束完成

專案管理Project Management The Project Management Institute (PMI)

certifies project managers with both the Project Management Professional (PMP) and PMI certifications. The PMP process includes the following 專案管理學會認證之專案管理師，專案管理應有以下程序 :

– Establishing the framework for project management– Managing the scope of the project– Managing time– Managing cost– Managing quality– Managing people– Managing communications– Managing risk– Managing procurement– Managing the project’s integration aspects– Maintaining a high level of professionalism throughout the project

專案管理Project Management There are three main aspects to each project( 有三項主要工作 ):

– Project scope of work 確認工作規模與範圍 – Project schedule 掌握工程進度– Project cost 控制專案成本

專案管理重要性：– without the necessary structure, project management quickly descends into crisis management and then frequently damage control.– Millions of dollars are lost each year by firms that entrust large projects to unqualified project managers.

專案管理Project Management One of the most important aspects of project management is design management. ( 設計圖管理是重點 ) Here is the priority:

Get project requirements. Get environmental information. Get and give coordination requirements information. Design the system. Check for accuracy. Revise design. Deliver the final design.

專案管理Project Management One of the most important aspects of project management is design management. ( 設計圖管理是重點 ) Here is the priority:

Get project requirements. Get environmental information. Get and give coordination requirements information. Design the system. Check for accuracy. Revise design. Deliver the final design.

專案管理Project Management Tips on Schedule

Management– Throughout the project, keep

everyone else on your schedule.– Successful project management is

the intersection of schedule control, scope control, and cost control. Experience helps more than a little. Project management is a science, but it is also an art.

專案管理Project Management I recommend two fine books to help with this ( 作者介紹兩本書 ):

– PMPR Exam Prep—A Course in a Book (RMC Publications, ISBN 0-9711647-3-8)– Project Rescue by Sanjiv Purba and Joseph J. Zucchero (McGraw-Hill/Osborne)

客戶管理Client Management Tips on Relationship Management

– Someday, you will find yourself sitting in a conference room full of people. They will include the owner’s representative, the project manager (these two might be the same person), several architects (building shell and core, structural, interiors, and landscape), consultants (electrical, mechanical, plumbing, etc.), contractors (general contractor, electrical contractor,security contractor, etc.), and stakeholders (security director, information technology director, etc.).

客戶管理Client Management It is important to understand that each of these people has at least three agendas ( 三項重要議程必需準備 ):

– The first agenda is their role in the project. The interiors architect has a different agenda than the shell and core architect; the general contractor has a different agenda than the electrical contractor. The information technology director does not care about the agenda of the landscape contractor.– The second agenda is that of their employer. The employer may have a technology bias or a business culture that is aggressive or conservative.– The third agenda is that of the individual. He or she may be humble or pompous, technically competent or covering up a feeling of inadequacy.

客戶管理Client Management One difference between good

designers and great designers is how well they understand and implement the way they relate to each of these parties and each of their agendas in a project.

Early in the project, one must learn the participants and their agendas.