Subatomic particles Nucleus Proton Neutron Quarks Electrons
Outside the nucleus Different distances (levels, clouds) Move
randomly Size
Slide 3
Atomic number # of protons Mass # # of protons + # of neutrons
Atomic mass
Slide 4
Carbon Atomic # # of protons # of electrons Mass # # of protons
+ # of neutrons Most common form of carbon Carbon 14 14 = mass # #
of protons # of electrons # of neutrons Isotope : same # of
protons, but different # of neutrons from most common form
Slide 5
Boron 11 # of protons # of electrons # of neutrons Isotope?
Boron 10 # of protons # of electrons # of neutrons Isotope?
Slide 6
Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each
of the following Fluorine-20 Helium-4 Which of those compounds is
an isotope?
Slide 7
Makes up a lot of living things Many useful/helpful properties
Polarity Lopped side appearance One side slightly positive Creates
solutions Because of charge can dissolve Other polar and ionic
(fully charged) 2 or 3 types of compounds Examples Can break apart
other substances Creates suspensions Examples
http://www.sserc.org.uk/wwwroot2/prim3/new_guidelin
es/Newsletters/39/Water_related_activities.htm
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/86263495/colloids
Slide 8
Can hold lots of heat Takes more energy to heat up Releases
energy back more slowly Examples Is more dense as a liquid
Slide 9
Very strong between molecules Each water can have 4 H- bonds
Causes Cohesion Adhesion Capillary action Surface tension Surface
tension http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/common_wa
ter_strider.htm
http://scienceprojectideasforkids.com/2010/capillary-action-
transpiration/
Slide 10
Water breaks down to H + and OH - pH = how much H + pH of 7
means H + and OH - are equal Acids pH lower than 7 Lower # =
stronger Examples Bases pH higher than 7 Higher # = stronger
Examples Buffers Help with homeostasis
Slide 11
Define: Cohesion Adhesion pH Describe 4 reasons why water is a
versatile molecule that is important to living beings Stomach acid
has a pH of 2 and ocean water has a pH of 8 Which one is acidic?
Which one is closer to being neutral?
Slide 12
Atom Molecule Atoms are generally neutral Ions Atom with a
charge Sodium 11 protons + 11 electrons = neutral Gains or loses
electrons 11 protons + 10 electrons = +1
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/propulsion/1-what-is-an-ion.html
Caffeine
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caffeine_Molecule.png
Slide 13
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/covalent_ionic_bonds.php
Make molecules An attraction, not a physical thing Hydrogen Ionic
Involves ions Gaining/losing electrons Very strong Covalent Sharing
electrons Not as strong More common
Slide 14
C, H, N, O, P, S Organic Contains C and H Covalent bonds
Usually large molecules In living things Inorganic No C (unless
simple, like CO or CO 2 ) Examples water, O 2, N 2
http://missehonorsbio.blogspot.com/2012/09/organic-molecules-introduction.html
http://bhavanajagat.com/tag/oxygen-cycle/
Slide 15
Definition Polymer Made of monomers Each bond created releases
water Breaking a bond releases water
Slide 16
Slide 17
http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/candy/sugar.html Basics
1C:2H:1O Main source of energy Structural Monosaccharides Simple
sugar Glucose Galactose Fructose Disaccharides 2 sugars Sucrose =
glucose + fructose Lactose = glucose + galactose
Slide 18
Polysaccharides Starch Storage in plants Glucose units Glycogen
Storage in animals Released from liver Glucose units Cellulose
Glucose units Structure in plants Wood
Slide 19
Fill in the chart with the missing vocabulary terms Define:
Ions Chemical bond Macromolecule Polymer Give examples of
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides Carbohydrates
Composed on one subunit Composed of 2 subunits Composed of more
than 2 subunits
Slide 20
Fats, waxes, oils, steroids, hormones Insoluble in water
Glycerol + fatty acid(s) Functions Cell structure More efficient
energy storage (9 vs. 4 calories) Communication Steroids Ring of
carbons Hormones Cholesterol
http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Summaries/Macromol.html
http://www.raw-milk-facts.com/cholesterol_primer_T3.html
Slide 21
Saturated All single carbon bonds Solid Examples Unsaturated
Carbon to carbon double bond(s) Liquid Examples Good vs. bad
http://escapinganergy.blogspot.com/2011/06/diving-into-high-fat-diet-promotes.html
Slide 22
Name what each is made of and a use for each: Carbohydrate
Lipid What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated
fat?
Slide 23
Contain C, H, N, O Made of amino acids Very specific order or
amino acids Complex 3d shape Chain of amino acids = polypeptide
chain Folds and crumples May have multiple subunits Function
Structural Nutrient storage Transportation Identification of cells
(defense) Enzymes
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/cellular-
macromolecules/proteins.php
Slide 24
Change shape easily Denature Caused by changes in Temperature
pH Salt concentration Molecules present May permanently disable the
protein or cause it to malfunction Frying an egg
http://biology-pictures.blogspot.com/2011/11/denaturation-of-proteins.html
http://chefsblade.monster.com/training/articles/216-food-science-basics-denaturing-proteins
Slide 25
Atoms dont change Atoms rearranged Chemical bonds broken and
formed Usually requires energy - activation energy Getting energy
slows down the reaction
Slide 26
Proteins Catalyst Not changed Lowers activation energy Speeds
up reaction Lock and key Substrate Active site Will not work if
denatured Used in most biological processes
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab2/active.html
Slide 27
Proteins are complex. Describe how they form their complex
structure. In a chemical reaction, what exactly happens to the
atoms? What are 4 functions of a protein? What does it mean to
denature a protein and what cause to happen to that protein? How
are enzymes helpful to living organisms?
Slide 28
Contains C, H, N, O, P Made from nucleotides 5-carbon sugar
Phosphate group Nitrogenous base (5 different) Purpose genetic
information DNA, RNA
http://www.nist.gov/oles/forensics/biology_dna.cfm
Slide 29
Outermost electrons Participate in bonds Fill levels in a
pattern 2 in first 8 in second 18 in third Lewis structure Shows
just valence electrons
http://www.pdesas.org/module/content/resources/18002/view.ashx
Slide 30
Macromolecules Polymer Monomer Carbohydrate Polysaccharide
Disaccharide Monosaccharide Lipid Glycerol and fatty acid Saturated
Unsaturated Protein Enzyme Catalyst Amino acid Denature pH Acid
Base Neutral Nucleic acid Nucleotide Chemical bond Hydrogen Ionic
Covalent Chemical reaction Activation energy Valence electrons Atom
Molecule Proton, neutron, electron Ion Isotope Water Cohesion
Adhesion Surface tension Capillary action Polarity Solution