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音标复习
• 姜堰区南苑学校 英语组 邓生贵
The Alphabet
International Phonetic Phonetic symbolssymbols (国际音(国际音标)标)
How many phonetic symbols are there?
48 phonetic symbols
Vowel sounds Consonants
Pure vowels
diphthongs Voiceless C. Voiced C.
[i:] [i] [ :] ɜ [ə] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]
[α:] [ʌ]
[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [iə] [ɛə] [uə]
[əu] [au]
[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [Ѳ][ʃ] [ʧ]
[tr] [ʦ][h]
[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [ӡ] [dӡ]
[dr] [dz] [r] [l]
[m] [n] [ŋ] [w] [j][e] [æ]
48 个音标
元音音标 辅音音标
单元音 双元音 清辅音 浊辅音
单元音
[i:] [i] [ :] [ ] ɜ ə[ :] [ ] ɔ ɔ[u:] [u] [α:] [ ]ʌ[e] [æ]
12个
元音 元音 vowels (20vowels (20 个个 ) ) 1. 1. [ i:] – e, ee, ea, ey, i A: Tea or coffee? B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please.[ i ] – i, e, y, ey… His little sister is sitting in the middle.[ e ] – e, ea, ai … Good, better, best. Never let it rest. Till good is better. And better best.[ æ ] – a Cat, cat! Catch that black rat!
he see, read, key, policeman
is, English, busy, money
red, then, head, again
hat, bag, can, apple
CompareCompare
1. it--eat 2. live—leave 3. fill—feel 4 . sit—seat5. trip—tree 6. bit—bee 7. ship—sheep 8. slip—sleep9. fit—feet 10. rid—read
CompareCompare
1.bat--bet 2. bad—bed
3. bag—beg 4. sat—set
5. sad—said 6. dad—
dead
• [ɜ:] – ir, ur or The early bird catches the worm
first.
• [ ə ] – er, a, e
The farmer’s sister is a doctor.• [a:] – ar, a… It’s far to the farm from the park.• [Λ] – o, u Come to the front on the double.
clever, ruler, panda, open
girl, shirt, purple, work
love, colour, us, duck
half, class, park, hard
earth nurse skirt
learn her word
Read the wordsRead the words
ear( 不单独出现时 ) ur ir er or
[[ɜ:]
Phrases
[ə:] A dirty skirt
hurt a bird
Learn to work
worse and worse
Read the wordsRead the words
ago again address
hundred parent license
water August banana
today colour policeman
a e er o our
在非重读音节中
[ə]
[ə]
Phrases
Sooner or later
Autumn and August
Worker and farmer
about the picture of the teacherer, or 位于词末发 [ə] ,除了 her以外 her [[ɜ:]
Compare [Λ] [a:]
1.cut--card 2. luck—lark
3.duck—dark 4. far—fun
5.mud—mark 6. bus—
bath
[a:] [Λ]['fɑ:ðə] ['sʌpə]
[,ɑ:ftə:'nu:n] ['sΛndi]
['pa:ti] [bΛs]
[fa:m] [sΛn]
['ba:skit] [bΛt]
or, al, au, ar—[ :כ ]
My daughter who’s forty-four is a lawyer.
o, a – [ כ]
The little pot is so hot.
[u:] – oo, u, ou, oe…
How do you do? You look really cool.
[u] – oo
Look at the cookbook. It’s really good.
shop, sorry, watch, what
morning, call, autumn, warm
football, wood, classroom, book
soon, ruler, soup, shoe
good, cook, foot, look, wood,book,wool
Compare [כ] [כ: ]
1.pot--pork 2. lot—lord
3. not—north 4. fox—forks
5.shot—short 6. spot—
sport
Compare[כ: ] [ :ɜ ]•walk — work •short—shirt•warm—word•door---dirty•floor--- sir
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[ i:] [ i ] [ e ] [æ]
[ɔɔ:] [ɒɒ ] [u:] [ʊ]
ΛΛ [a:] [ ] [ə:] [ə ]
单元音单元音 vowels (12vowels (12个个 ))
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[ i:] [ɪ] [ e ] [æ]
[ɔɔ:] [ɒ ] [u:] [ʊ]
ΛΛ [a:] [ ] [ə:] [ə ]
单元音单元音 pure vowelspure vowels(12(12个个 ))
双元音双元音双元音双元音[eɪ] [aɪ] [ɔɪ ] [ɪə ] [eə ] [ʊə ]
[əʊ ] [aʊ ]
88 个个
[eɪ ] – a, ai, ay, ea, ei
Rain, rain go away. Little Johnny wants to play.
[aɪ] – i, y
Out of sight, out of mind.
[ɔɪ ]—oy, oi
Soybean oil is my choice.
[əʊ ] – o, oa, ow,
Go and open the window, Joe, and show me
the photo.
[aʊ] – ou, ow
I found a mouse in the house.
game, rain, play, great
five, idea, try, goodbye
boy, toy, point, oil
old, hello, coat, show
about, round, down, town
face same game play waste
hate late hay today train
Read the wordsRead the words
life quiet mind library
night die shy white lie high
Phrases
[eɪ]hate to be late
save her face
never waste
meet the first lady
[aɪ]
Phrases
the blue sky
in the countryside
Out of sight ,out of mind
[aɪ]
写法________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 [→2 [ ai →3 [aɪ]
road coat goat boat
cold smoke go home hope
Read the wordsRead the words
how about shout cow loud
mouse ground hour brown mouth
Phrases
[aʊ ] go for an outing
between ourselves read aloud
out of date
Phrases
[əʊ ] Gold Coast (海岸)
make a toast ( 吐司 )be all bones
the local language
[aʊ ]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
写法
1 [→2 [au →3 [aʊ ]
Read the words
Boys and girls,
please pay attention to “ oy ”!
boy toy joy soy
Read the words
Now please pay Now please pay attention to “ oi ”!attention to “ oi ”!
oioil sl soioil bl boioil l
ccoioin pn poioint nnt noioisese
[ɪə ] – ear, eer, ea
We are near the end of the year.
[eə] – ere, air, are, eir
Where there is a will, there is a way.
[ʊə] – ure, our
It’s sure to be good for the tourists.
hear, year, deer, really
there, chair, careful, their
sure, tour, poor, February
[ʊə]写法
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 [→2 [ʊə →[ʊə ]
Read the wordsRead the words
[ɪə] ear dear hear tear
clear here beer
[ʊə] pear pair where wear dare
care share hair stair
Read the phrases [ɪə]• come here• drink the beer• very clear• fear nothing • here and there• Cheering with tears
Learn the phrases Learn the phrases [ʊə]
• share your banana with monkey• eat a lot of pears• a rare metal• run bare foot• at the trade fair
Read the words Read the words [[ʊə]] sure unsure poor tour
Tongue TwisterTongue Twister
• Sure sure sure, Poor poor poor, I’m sure you know I’m poor, So I can’t go to make a tour.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[eɪ] [aɪ] [ɔɪ] [ɪə] [eə] [ʊə] [əʊ] [aʊ]
[i:] [i] [e] [æ] [a:] [ ] [ə:] [ə] [ɔɔ:] [ɒ[ɒ ] [u:]
[ʊ]
ΛΛ
元音元音 vowels (20vowels (20个个 ))
辅音辅音 2828 个个辅音辅音 2828 个个
•辅音 辅音 Consonants Consonants (28(28 个个 ) ) 1.1. 爆破音爆破音• [[p] Practice makes perfect.p] Practice makes perfect.
• [b] Barry found a big bug on her [b] Barry found a big bug on her
bed.bed.
• [t] This is a hat, that’s a cap.[t] This is a hat, that’s a cap.
• [d] The doorman told David to go [d] The doorman told David to go
down.down.
• [k] Don’t kit the kitten.[k] Don’t kit the kitten.
• [g] A good beginning makes a good [g] A good beginning makes a good
ending.ending.
[p][p] [b][b]
ppay --- ay --- bbayay
ppear – ear – bbearear
ppen --- en --- BBenen
ppig --- ig --- bbigig
[p][p] [b][b]
cacapp --- ca --- cabb
lalapp --- la --- labb
tatapp --- ta --- tabb
roropepe --- ro --- robebe
[t][t] [d][d]
ttown – own – ddownown
ttie – ie – ddieie
ttear – ear – ddearear
ttouch – ouch – DDutchutch
[t][t] [d][d]
benbentt – ben – bendd
righrightt – ri – ridede
lenlentt – len – lendd
bebett – be – bedd
两清辅音一起时,后一个清辅音变成浊辅音,或叫浊化 [sp] →[sb]
[st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg]•speak spit spy •study star start •sky school screen
[k][k] [g][g]
KKate – ate – ggateate
ccard – ard – gguarduard
ccould – ould – ggoodood
ccoat – oat – ggoatoat
[k][k] [g][g]
pipickck – pi – pigg
flaflakk – fla – flagg
babackck – ba – bagg
LoLockck – lo – logg
• 2. 鼻音[ m ] May I have some milk,
mum?[ n ] Nora knows the new comer.[ ŋ ] Lingling is listening to the
song.Compare n [ n ] ng /nk [ ŋ]
in—ink sin-sing thin---thing
than—thank son---song
[ K ] [ g ] 前的 n 发 [ŋ]
3.摩擦音[f] If you buy fish, make sure it’s fresh.
[v] Victor is very clever.
[ ] Thank you for your table cloth.
[ ð ] Those are far and these are near.
[ s ] Sandy has a new swimming suit.
[ z ] What size of shoes does Daisy wear?
•[ ] sure, she, national
• Wash the fish, please.•[ ʒ ] pleasure, television
•George measured the garage with pleasure.
•[ h ] have hot, who whole hate house
•Helen holds her hands.•[ r ] read, write, wrong•Are you ready to read?
4.4. 破擦音破擦音
[ t ] He teaches children how to play
chess.
[d ] John likes to tell jokes.
[ tr ] There’re lots of trucks in the street.
[ dr ] He likes strong drinks.
[ ts ] The students are wearing white
shirts.
[dz] Take away your dirty hands.
ʒ
•5) 舌边音 : • [l] land, world 如果在后面 读 [ ł ]
little, middle, castle , puzzle•What a beautiful bicycle!•6) 半元音 : • [ w ] wall, what, answer •The homework every week is
very hard. • [ j ] yes yellow year•Yes, your yellow skirt is wet.
light night right
lock knock rock
lot not rot
lead need read
lice nice rice
compare:
1. Red lorry, yellow lorry, red
lorry, yellow lorry.
2. Let’s look for leaves in the
large lake with a long ladder.
Tongue twisters
成音节 [m] , [n] , [l]• 英语辅音字母中有 3 个辅音 [m] , [n] ,
[l] 是响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节,也叫成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音节。如:
• apple [`æpl] , table [`teibl] ,• middle [`midl], little [`litl] ,• garden [`ga:dn] , lesson [`lesn], • physical [`fisikl] , realism [`ri:lizm] 等
等。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[ p] [ b ] [ t ] [d ] [ k ] [ g ] [ f ] [v] [s][z]
[ h] [w] [ j ]
[ ] [ ] [t ] [d ]
ʒ ʒ
[ tr ][dr] [ts][dz]
[m] [n] [ŋ] [ l ] [ r ]
[ ] [ ]ðθ
Goodbye!