원격 지질학 발표수업 - vegetation

강예랑 김은진 박수진신선용 이보미 지성인

Dominant Factor Controlling Leaf

Reflectance

2.70Water absorption bands:

0.97 mm1.19 mm1.45 mm

1.94 mm-mm

Cross-section Through A Hypothetical and Real

Leaf Revealing the Major Structural Components

that Determine the Spectral Reflectance

of Vegetation

Absorption Spectra of Chlorophyll a and b,

b-carotene, Pycoerythrin, and Phycocyanin Pigments

Chlorophyll a peak absorp-tion is at 0.43 and 0.66

mm.

Chlorophyll b peak absorp-tion is at 0.45 and 0.65

mm.

Optimum chlorophyll ab-sorption windows are:

0.45 - 0.52 mm and 0.63 - 0.69 mm

0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7violet blue green yellow red

Abs

orpt

ion

Effi

cien

cy

-carotene

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll b

0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7violet blue green yellow red

Wavelength, m

PhycoerythrinPhycocyanin

Abs

orpt

ion

Effi

cien

cy

a.

b.

Wavelength, m

Absorption Spectra of Chlorophyll a and b

. SpectralReflectance

Characteristics of

Sweetgum Leaves (Liq-

uidambar styraciflua L.)

Hemispherical Reflectance,

transmittance, and Absorp-tion Charac-

teristics of Big Bluestem

Grass

.

Distribution of Pixels in a Scene in Red and Near-infrared Multispectral Feature

Space

Predicted Percent Cloud

Cover in Four Areas

in the United States

.Phenological Cycles of San Joaquin and

Imperial Valley, California Crops and

Landsat Multi-spectral Scan-ner Images of One Field Dur-ing A Growing

Season

.Band 1 (blue; 0.45 – 0.52 m) Band 2 (green; 0.52 – 0.60 m) Band 3 (red; 0.63 – 0.69 m)

Band 4 (near-infrared; 0.76 – 0.90 m) Band 5 (mid-infrared; 1.55 – 1.75 m) Band 7 (mid-infrared; 2.08 – 2.35 m)

Band 6 (thermal infrared; 10.4 – 12.5 m)

Sugarbeets

Alfalfa

Cotton

Fallow

feed lot

fl

Ground Reference

Landsat Thematic Mapper Imagery of

Imperial Valley, California, December 10, 1982

JUN MAY APR MAR FEB JAN DEC NOV OCT SEP

Initial growth Harvest Maturity

snow cover 25 cm height

50

75

100

125

Dormant or multicropped

Soybeans

100% ground cover

JUL AUG

Development

50%

JUN MAY APR MAR FEB JAN DEC NOV OCT SEP

Dent/Harvest Tassle 8-leaf

snow cover 25 cm height

50

75

125

Dormant or multicropped

JUL AUG

Dormant or multicropped

100

150

200

250

300

10 - 12 leaf

12-14 leaf

Blister

Corn

100%

50%

a.

b.

JULJUNMAY AUGAPRMARFEBJAN DECNOVOCTSEP

SeedTillering Booting HarvestJointing

snow cover 25 cm

50

75

100

100% ground cover 50%

Head Dormant or multicropped

Winter Wheat

JUN MAY APR MAR FEB JAN DEC NOV OCT SEP

Seeding Maturity/harvest Boll

Winter Wheat Phenology

snow cover 25 cm height

50

75

100

125

150

Dormant or multicropped

Cotton

100% ground cover

JUL AUG

Fruiting

Pre-bloom

50%

JUN MAY APR MAR FEB JAN DEC NOV OCT SEP

Development Maturity/harvest Transplanting

snow cover 25 cm height

50

75

100

125

Dormant or multicropped

Tobacco 100%

JUL AUG

Topping

50%

Dormant or multicropped

a.

c.

b.

사우스 캐롤라이나 농작물의 생육주기

.

Phenological Cycle of Cattails and Waterlilies in Par Pond, S.C.

Phenological Cycle of Smooth

Cordgrass (Spartina al-terniflora) Biomass in South Car-

olina

J A S O N0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500D

ry W

eigh

t Bio

mas

s, g/

m2

F M A M J J D

Live BiomassDead Biomass

Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora )

In Situ Ceptometer Leaf-Area-Index Mea-

surement

.

• LAI may be computed using a Decagon Accupar Ceptome-ter™ that consists of a

linear array of 80 adjacent 1 cm2 photosynthetically

active radiation (PAR) sen-sors along a bar.

• Incident sunlight above the canopy, Qa, and the

amount of direct solar en-ergy incident to the cep-tometer, Qb, when it was laid at the bottom of the canopy directly on the mud is used to compute LAI.

NASA Calibrated Airborne Multi-spectral Scan-ner Imagery (3 x 3 m) and

Derived Biomass Map of a Por-

tion of Murrells Inlet, South

Carolina on Au-gust 2, 1997

CAMS Bands 1,2,3 (RGB) CAMS Bands 6,4,2 (RGB)

TM Bands 5,3,2 (RGB)

Biomass in a Portion of Murrells Inlet, SC Derived from 3 x 3 m

Calibrated Airborne Multispectral Scanner (CAMS) Data Obtained on

August 2, 1997

Total Biomass (grams/m 2)

500 - 749

750 - 999

1000 - 1499

1500 - 1999

2000 - 2499

2500 - 2999

. ..

Infrared/Red Ratio Vegetation Index

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

redNIRSR

redNIRredNIRNDVI

The generic normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI):

has provided a method of estimat-ing net primary production over varying biome types (e.g. Lenney et al., 1996), identifying ecore-gions (Ramsey et al., 1995), mon-itoring phenological patterns of the earth’s vegetative surface, and of assessing the length of the growing season and dry-down periods (Huete and Liu, 1994).

The near-infrared (NIR) to red simple ratio (SR) is the first

true vegetation index:It takes advantage of the in-verse relationship between

chlorophyll absorption of red radiant energy and increased reflectance of near-infrared energy for healthy plant canopies (Cohen, 1991) .

Time Series of 1984

and 1988 NDVI Mea-

surements

Derived from

AVHRR Global

Area Coverage

(GAC)

Data for the Region

around El Obeid,

Sudan,

in Sub-Saharan

Africa

.

Landscape Ecology Metrics

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