Exp.17 The Separation and Detection of Alkali and Alkaline-earth Metals Ions
1Na+K+NH4+Mg2+Ca2+Ba2+
2
Na+K+NH4+Mg2+Ca2+Ba2+
NH4+
HNO3
6 mol(dm(3 NaOH NH(H2O KOH
3 mol(dm(3 NH4Cl HAc NH4Ac
1 mol(dm(3 (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2SO4 (NH4)2HPO4 K2CrO4
0.5 mol(dm(3 (NH4)2C2O4
0.1 mol(dm(3 KSb(OH)6V
INa3[Co(NO2)6]
Na+K+NH4+Mg2+Ca2+Ba2+ 5
1NH4+36moldm(3 NaOHpH()NH4+
2Ca2+Ba2+63moldm(3 NH4Cl6moldm(3 NH3H2O3NH3H2O101 moldm(3 (NH4)2CO360oC53
3Ba2+2103 moldm(3 HAc53 moldm(3 NH4Ac1 moldm(3 K2CrO4Ba2+Ca2+
4Ca2+3Ba2+1 mol(dm(3 K2CrO4Ba2+16 moldm(3 NH3H2O0.5 moldm(3 (NH4)2C2O4Ca2+
5Ba2+Ca2+20.5moldm(3 (NH4)2C2O41moldm(3 (NH4)2SO41
6Mg2+ 516 moldm(3 NH3H2O11 moldm(3 (NH4)2HPO4 Mg2+ 1512I6 moldm(3 NaOHMg2+
75810HNO3812HNO389K+Na+
8K+272 Na3[Co(NO2)6]K+
9Na+376 moldm(3 KOHMg(OH)20.1moldm(3 KSb(OH)6Na+
:
O
H
g
N
H
2
H
g
Na+ K+ NH4+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Ba2+
NH4ClNH3H2O OH
(NH4)2CO3 pH
[NH4+]
CaCO3BaCO3 Na+K+NH4+Mg2+
HAc (NH4)2C2O4
(NH4)2SO4
Ca2+Ba2+
NH4Ac Na+K+NH4+Mg2+CaC2O4BaSO4
K2CrO4
NH3H2O NaOH HNO3
BaCrO4 Ca2+ (NH4)2HPO4 I H2O
(NH4)2C2O4 MgNH4PO46H2O Na+K+Mg+
[Ba2+] CaC2O4 () [Mg2+]
[Ca2+] Na3[Co(NO2)6]
K2Na[Co(NO2)6] KSb(OH)6
() NaSb(OH)6 Mg(OH)2
[K+] ()
[Na+]
Exp.18 Halogen
1
2
3ClBrI
4
NaClKBrKIKClO3
CCl4
H2SO4HCl
ClBrI
6 moldm(3 HNO3 NaOH
2 moldm(3 H2SO4 HNO3 NH3H2O
0.5 moldm(3 NaCl Na2S2O3
0.1 moldm(3 KI Na2S2O3 KBr FeCl3 AgNO3 MnSO4
0.05 moldm(3 NaHSO3 KIO3
1
(1) 0.5cm3 0.5cm3CCl4CCl4CCl4CCl4
(2) 2cm30.1moldm(3 KI
(3) 1cm30.5cm3 CCl4CCl4CCl4()
2
(1)
(2) 1(3)0.1 moldm(3Na2S2O3
3
(1) NaCl1cm3H2SO4
(2) KBr1cm3H2SO4(1)
(3) KI1cm3H2SO4(1)
(4) 0.5cm30.1moldm(3 KI0.5cm30.1moldm(3 KBr0.1moldm(3 FeCl30.5cm3 CCl4CCl4
ClBrI
4
(1)
a
b
c(II)
d
(a)(b)(c)
(2)
a
b
5
(1) (pH > 12)0.5cm3 CCl4CCl4CCl4CCl4Br2I2
(2) 0.5cm30.05moldm(3 NaHSO30.05moldm(3 KIO3
6
0.5moldm(3 NaCl0.1moldm(3 AgNO3AgClAgCl2moldm(3 HNO32moldm(3 0.5moldm(3 Na2S2O3KBrKINaCl
7ClBrIClBrI
(1) 2cm3 ClBrI 236 moldm(3 0.1 moldm(3 AgNO3
(2) 2cm3 2 moldm(3 ()6 moldm(3 AgClCl
(3) (2)1cm3(Ag)(BrI)0.5cm3 CCl4CCl4CCl4I I2HIO3CCl4Br
(CHCl3)()
Exp.19 NitrogenPhosphorusSulfur
1
2
3
NH4+5cm3
H2SO4 HNO3 NH3(H2O K2S2O8
NaNO2
6 mol(dm(3 NaOH HNO3
3 mol(dm(3 H2SO4
2 mol(dm(3 NaOH HCl HNO3 HAc
1 mol(dm(3 H2SO4
0.5 mol(dm(3 FeSO4 NaNO3
0.1 mol(dm(3 NH4Cl (NH4)2MoO4 Na3PO4 Na2HPO4 NaH2PO4 NaNO2
Na2S2O3 KI KMnO4 K4P2O7 AgNO3 CaCl2 H3PO4
0.002 mol(dm(3 MnSO4
K2HgI4KOH1%pH
1
(1) pH6moldm(3 NaOH pHpH
(2) (NH4Cl)22 moldm(3 NaOH2(K2[HgI4])
NH4Cl2K2[HgI4]4KOH = [
C
O
O
H
S
O
3
H
H
O
]IKCl7KI3H2O
2()
(1) 1cm3NaNO21cm33moldm(3 H2SO4
2HNO2 H2ON2O3 H2ONONO2
(2) 0.5cm30.1moldm(3 KI1moldm(3 H2SO40.1moldm(3 NaNO2I2NO2( NO
(3) 0.5cm30.1 moldm(3 KMnO4 1 moldm(3 H2SO40.1 moldm(3 NaNO2
3
100.5 moldm(3 FeSO40.5 moldm(3 NaNO31
NO3( 3Fe2+ 4H+ === NO3Fe3+2H2O
Fe2+ NO === [Fe (NO)]2+ ()
II
4
(1) pH0.1moldm(3 Na3PO4Na2HPO4NaH2PO41010AgNO3pH
(2) 0.1moldm(3 Na3PO4Na2HPO4NaH2PO40.1moldm(3 CaCl22moldm(3
Ca3 (PO4)2CaHPO4Ca(H2PO4)2
5
(1) 0.1moldm(3 H3PO40.1moldm(3 K4P2O70.1moldm(3 AgNO32 moldm(3HNO3
(2) HPO3H3PO4K4P2O72 moldm(3 1%
(3)
a4(1)
b
PO43(NH4+Mg2+ === MgNH4PO4
c
16 moldm(3 HNO38100.1 moldm(3 (NH4)2MoO4
PO43(12MoO42(3NH4+24H+ === (NH4)3PO4(12MoO36H2O6H2O
6
(1) 0.1 moldm(3 Na2S2O3
(2) 0.1 moldm(3 Na2S2O32 moldm(3 S2O32(S2O32(
(3) 0.5cm3 0.1 moldm(3 AgNO3 0.1 moldm(3 Na2S2O3
2Ag+S2O32( === Ag2S2O3
Ag2S2O3H2O === H2SO4Ag2S
Na2S2O3
7
5cm31moldm(3 H2SO45cm30.002 moldm(3 MnSO4HNO3
0.1 moldm(3 AgNO3K2S2O8
K2S2O8
5S2O82(2Mn2+8H2O === 10SO42(2MnO4(16H+
Exp.20 ArsenicAntimonyBismuthTinLead
1
2
3
4(II)(IV)
5
As2O3 NaBiO3 PbO2 Pb3O4
HCl HNO3
Na2S2O3NaAc
6 moldm(3 HCl HNO3
2 moldm(3 HCl HNO3 NaOH H2SO4
1 moldm(3 (NH4)2S2
0.5 moldm(3 Na2S
0.1 moldm(3 Bi(NO3)3 AgNO3 Pb(NO3)2 SbCl3 SnCl2 SnCl4 HgCl2
MnSO4 Na3AsO4 KI K2CrO4
5%pH
1
(1) pH
(2)
(3) 1cm3(III)HCl
(4) 0.1 moldm(3 MnSO42cm32 moldm(3 HNO3NaBiO3
2AsO43(AsO33( Bi3+
(1) Na3AsO4Na3AsO3AgNO3AsO43(Ag3AsO4AsO33(Ag3AsO3Na2S2O3(Cl( )
(2) ()20.1 moldm(3 Bi(NO3)3Bi3+
3
(1) Na3AsO3 ()SbCl3Bi(NO3)36 moldm(3 HClHCl2moldm(3 NaOH0.5moldm(3 Na2S
(2) 2cm30.1 moldm(3 2cm3HCl2 moldm(3 NaOH0.5 moldm(3 Na2S
4
(1) (II) 0.5cm30.1 moldm(3 SnCl22 moldm(3 NaOH()2 moldm(32 moldm(3 NaOH
(2) (II) 0.1 moldm(3 Pb(NO3)24(1)()
Sn(OH)2Pb(OH)2
(3) ( ( 1cm3 SnCl42 moldm(3 NaOH( (
( ( HNO3(NO2)( (4(3)( (3040( (( (( (
5(II)
(1) 2cm30.1moldm(3 SnCl26 moldm(3 HCl
(2) 0.5cm30.1moldm(3HgCl20.1moldm(3 SnCl2Hg2Cl2
2HgCl2SnCl2 === Hg2Cl2SnCl4
SnCl223Hg2Cl2Hg
Hg2Cl2SnCl2 === 2HgSnCl4
Sn2+ Hg2+
(3) Sn2+ Bi3+
3Sn(OH)42(2Bi3+6OH( = 3Sn(OH)62(2Bi ()
6(IV)
(1) PbO2HCl
(2) 0.1 moldm(3 MnSO42cm36 moldm(3 HNO3PbO2
(3) (Pb3O4) Pb3O46 moldm(3 HNO3Pb3O4PbO2
Pb3O4Pb
7(II)(II)
(1) 1cm30.1 moldm(3 Pb(NO3)3PbCl2
(2) 0.1 moldm(3 KI7(1)PbI2
(3) 0.1moldm(3 Pb(NO3)20.1moldm(3 K2CrO4PbCrO4HNO3NaOHPbCrO4
(4) 7(1)H2SO4NaAc
(5) (II) 1cm30.1 moldm(3 Pb(NO3)20.1 moldm(3 SnCl26 moldm(3 HNO3
Exp.21 The Qualitative Analysis of Anions
1
2
3
CO32(NO2NO3PO43(S2(SO32(SO42(S2O32(ClBrI
CCl4 pH
6 moldm(3 NH3H2O HNO3
2 moldm(3 H2SO4
1 moldm(3 AgNO3 KI
0.5 moldm(3 BaCl2
0.02 moldm(3 KMnO4
CO32(NO2NO3PO43(S2(SO32(SO42(S2O32(ClBrI
1
(1) pHCO32(SO32(S2O32(S2(NO2
2 moldm(3 H2SO4CO32(SO32(S2O32(S2(NO2
(2) 36 moldm(3 NH3H2O20.5 moldm(3BaCl2CO32(SO42(SO32(PO43(S2O32( S2O32(
(3) 3531moldm(3 AgNO356 moldm(3 HNO3S2(S2O32(ClBrI Cl BrIS2( S2O32(
(4) 32 moldm(3 H2SO4120.02moldm(3 KMnO4SO32(S2O32(S2(BrINO2
S2(SO32(S2O32(
(5) 32 moldm(3 H2SO4CCl4121 moldm(3 KICCl4NO2 NO2
2
Exp.22 CopperSilverZincCadmiumMecury
1
2
3Cu2+Hg2+
10100 cm3
Cu2+Ag+Zn2+Cd2+Hg2+
HCl HNO3 NH3H2O
40% NaOH 10%NaCl
6 moldm(3 HCl HNO3 NH3H2O NaOH
2 moldm(3 NaOH NH3H2O H2SO4 Na2SO3
1 moldm(3 CuCl2
0.5 moldm(3 HCl
0.1 moldm(3 CuSO4 AgNO3 ZnSO4 GdSO4 Hg(NO3)2 KI K4[Fe(CN)6]
HgCl2 SnCl2
1Cu2+Ag+Zn2+Cd2+Hg2+ NaOH
0.1 moldm(3 CuSO4AgNO3ZnSO4CdSO4Hg(NO3)22 moldm(3 NaOHCu2+Ag+Zn2+Cd2+Hg2+ NaOH
2Cu2+Ag+Zn2+Cd2+Hg2+
0.1 moldm(3 CuSO4AgNO3ZnSO4CdSO4Hg(NO3)22 moldm(3 NH3H2ONH3H2ONH3H2O
IBIIBIAIIA
3Cu2+Ag+Zn2+Cd2+Hg2+
0.1 moldm(3 CuSO4AgNO3ZnSO4CdSO4Hg(NO3)26 moldm(3 6 moldm(3 HNO3HNO3
4Cu2+Ag+Hg2+ KI
(1) 0.5cm30.1moldm(3 CuSO40.1moldm(3 KI
