4

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Consumption

(

1000

MT

)

19801982198419861988199019921994

years

After FAO (1994)

Total & Nitrogen Fertilizer Consumption in Egypt (1000 MT)

Total Fertililzer

N-Fertilizer

48

36

24

0

0.5

4.25

8

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0.5

4.25

8

0

2

4

8

0.05

3

4.25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0.05

3

4.25

0

2

4

8

0.05

3

4.25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

/

0.05

3

4.25

27-28 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

101520253035404550556065707580

Days After Transplanting

Aphid infestation grade per

plant

Aphid

Fig.1(d)

:

.

.

.

(CIHEAM-IAM BARI) .

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

101520253035404550556065707580

Days After Transplanting

Mite count / leaf area

Fig.1(e)

Mite

.

. 23 2003 .

46 (2) . .

- 27-28/9/2003 2003 () () (IFOAM) () . . .

. .

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

1020304050607080

Days After Transplanting

Number of adult Thrip per leaf

Thrip

Fig.1(c)

3

6

11

: :

Organic Agriculture a World Perspective

(Gerald Herrmann - International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)

15

Organic Agriculture in NENA Region

(Fawzi Taher - FAO Regional office for the Near East)

18

Organic agriculture and Networking in the Mediterranean Region

(Lina Al-Bitar - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari)

42

( - )

47

: :

Principles And Methods Of Organic Agriculture. Examples Of Application In Arab Countries: Water Saving Techniques, Plant Protection

(Gaberiel Guet - Consultant in Organic Agriculture

France)

79

( - - )

85

Soil Fertility Management and Fertilization

In Organic Farming

(Ahmed El-Araby- University of Ain Shams - Cairo - Egypt)

91

Impacts of Organic Farming and Related Farming Systems on Soil Properties in the Arab Region

Dr. Ismail H. El Bagouri

(Advisor - Land & Water Management Programme CEDARE)

110

The Potential Role of Organic Agriculture in the alleviation of Land Degradation in the ESCWA Region

(Fidle Byiringiro1 ESCWA)

128

: :

"

( - - - )

140

Alternative Methods for Management Of Cucumber Pests Under Plastic Shelter Conditions in the Sultante of Oman

(Najma Mahmood Al-Zadjali, Syed Ali Razvi, Rashid Al-Shidi, Yosuf Mahmood Al-Raeesi, and Mohd M. Bchir)

155

A New technique for Soil Treatment in Organic

Strawberry Nurseries Instead of Methyl Bromide

(Tawfik H. abd El-Moity and Maisa Lotfy Abd El-Moniem - Central Lab of Organic Agriculture - Agriculture Research Center Giza, Egypt)

171

Biological Control Of Tetranychus Urticae Koch in Strawberries Open Fields and Greenhouses by Releasing Phytoseiulus Macropilis (Banks) (Acari : Tetranychidae & Phytoseiidae)

(Heikal, I.H.; Ibrahim, G.A.; El-Sayed, K.M. and El- Ghobashy, M.S. Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research) Egypt

178

BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS: A source of Biopesticides of Biotechnological Interest

(Samir Jaou

Laboratoire des Biopesticides, Centre de Biotechnologie

de Sfax, BP. K. 3038. Sfax. Tunisia.

188

: :

( - )

198

How to Create a Control body for Registration, Inspection and Certification of Organic Agriculture in Developing Countries

(Dr. Yousef A. Hamdi - Former Deputy Director of ARC, MOAL, Egypt - Egyptian Center for Organic Agriculture, Egypt)

207

Organic Farming : Marketing of Organic Products

(Gerald Herrmann - International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)

218

( - - )

221

( - - )

229

( - )

234

( - - - )

251

: :

( - )

261

:

( - - )

290

( - - )

293

( )

298

: :

:

( - )

304

( - - )

309

(. . -

.C.N.C.C )

315

( - - )

318

( )

325

- -

( - )

329

Organic Agriculture in Sudan and Its Impact on Rural Development

(Dr. Eltayeb Ali Babiker - Advisor to the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry Republic of Sudan)

334

(/ - - - - )

346

351

363

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

101520253035404550556065707580

Days After Transplanting

Number of adult whiteflies / leaf

Whitefly

Fig.1(b)

. . " " 27-28 () 2003 .

(FAO) (CIHEAM-IAM-BARI) (CEDARE) (ACSAD) (ESCWA) (IFOAM) .

( ) .

:

*

:

.

*

:

.

*

:

.

*

:

.

*

:

.

*

:

.

:

-

-

- ( )

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- .

.

.

.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

101520253035404550556065707580

Days after transplating

No. of leaf miner infested leaves / row

2001

2002

Leaf miner

Fig.1(a)

Organic Agriculture a World Perspective

By

Gerald Herrmann*

International Federation of Organic

Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)

The cultivated land being certified organic is growing at a high rate around the globe summing up in the year 2002 to about 25 million hectares (fig 1).

Figure1. cultivated land certified organic around the globe in 2002

IFOAM the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements is spearheading the development of the organic community and industry around the world. About 750 members from about 100 countries of the world represent the spread of the organic reality. Members are active in all areas from standard development to inspection and certification, in rural development, research, trade, marketing and public relation etc.

Market share by value (EU)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

DKCHATDEITSEFRNLUKFIBELUGRPTESIE

%

* Gerald A. Herrmann, Executive Board, Vice-President, IFOAM International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, kozentrum Imsbach, 66636 Tholey-Theley, GERMANY, headoffice@ifoam.org, www.ifoam.org

IFOAMs mission is leading, uniting and assisting the organic movement in its full diversity. Our goal is the worldwide adoption of ecologically, socially and economically sound systems that are based on the Principles of Organic Agriculture.

Apart from its services to members, conferences and events, the IFOAM Accreditation Program and a lot of other activities, IFOAMs task is to work and lobby for the acceptance of Organic Agriculture in international institutions of different kind. On the international agenda, IFOAM has observer status or is accredited by several international institutions including: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Labor Organization of the United Nations (ILO), Codex Alimentarius Commissi